international triathlon union (itu) · 2019. 1. 30. · itu anti-doping rules 2019 3 introduction...

INTERNATIONALTRIATHLONUNION

(ITU)

ITUANTI-DOPINGRULES

Asof1January2019

ITU Anti-Doping Rules 2019 2

TABLEOFCONTENTS

INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................................................. 3

PREFACE .................................................................................................................................................................... 3 FUNDAMENTALRATIONALEFORTHECODEANDITU'SANTI-DOPINGRULES ................................................................... 3 SCOPEOFTHESEANTI-DOPINGRULES .......................................................................................................................... 3

ARTICLE1 DEFINITIONOFDOPING ........................................................................................................ 4

ARTICLE2 ANTI-DOPINGRULEVIOLATIONS ......................................................................................... 4

ARTICLE3 PROOFOFDOPING ................................................................................................................. 8

ARTICLE4 THEPROHIBITEDLIST .......................................................................................................... 9

ARTICLE5 TESTINGANDINVESTIGATIONS .......................................................................................... 14

ARTICLE6 ANALYSISOFSAMPLES ........................................................................................................ 19

ARTICLE7 RESULTSMANAGEMENT ..................................................................................................... 20

ARTICLE8 RIGHTTOAFAIRHEARING ................................................................................................. 27

ARTICLE9 AUTOMATICDISQUALIFICATIONOFINDIVIDUALRESULTS ............................................. 28

ARTICLE10 SANCTIONSONINDIVIDUALS ............................................................................................. 28

ARTICLE11 CONSEQUENCESTOTEAMS .................................................................................................. 38

ARTICLE12 SANCTIONSANDCOSTSASSESSEDAGAINSTSPORTINGBODIES .................................... 39

ARTICLE13 APPEALS ............................................................................................................................... 40

ARTICLE14 CONFIDENTIALITYANDREPORTING ................................................................................. 44

ARTICLE15 APPLICATIONANDRECOGNITIONOFDECISIONS ............................................................. 48

ARTICLE16 INCORPORATION OF ITU ANTI-DOPING RULES AND OBLIGATIONS OF NATIONALFEDERATIONS ....................................................................................................................... 48

ARTICLE17 STATUTEOFLIMITATIONS ................................................................................................. 49

ARTICLE18 ITUCOMPLIANCEREPORTSTOWADA ............................................................................... 49

ARTICLE19 EDUCATION .......................................................................................................................... 49

ARTICLE20 AMENDMENTANDINTERPRETATIONOFANTI-DOPINGRULES ..................................... 49

ARTICLE21 INTERPRETATIONOFTHECODE ........................................................................................ 51

ARTICLE22 ADDITIONALROLESANDRESPONSIBILITIESOFATHLETESANDOTHERPERSONS ...... 51

APPENDIX1 DEFINITIONS ........................................................................................................................ 54

APPENDIX2 EXAMPLESOFTHEAPPLICATIONOFARTICLE10 ............................................................ 52


INTRODUCTION

Preface

AttheITUExecutiveBoardmeetingheldonJune6,2008inVancouver,Canada,ITUacceptedtheWorldAnti-DopingCode (the "Code"). TheseAnti-DopingRulesareadoptedand implemented incompliance with the ITU's responsibilities under the Code and are in furtherance of the ITU'scontinuingeffortstoeradicatedopinginthesportoftriathlon.

Anti-DopingRules,likeCompetitionrules,aresportrulesgoverningtheconditionsunderwhichsportisplayed.AthletesandotherPersonsaccepttheseAnti-DopingRulesasaconditionofparticipationandshallbeboundby them. Thesesportspecific rulesandprocedures,aimedatenforcinganti-dopingpoliciesinaglobalandharmonizedmanner,aredistinctinnaturefromcriminalandcivillawsand, therefore, not intended to be subject to or limited by any national requirements and legalstandardsapplicabletocriminal,civilproceedingsoremploymentmatters.Whenreviewingthefactsand the lawofagivencase,all courts,arbitral tribunalsandotheradjudicatingbodiesshouldbeawareofandrespectthedistinctnatureoftheanti-dopingrulesimplementingtheCodeandthefactthattheserulesrepresenttheconsensusofabroadspectrumofstakeholdersaroundtheworldwithaninterestinfairsport.

Scope

TheseAnti-DopingRulesshallapplytotheITU,eachNationalFederationoftheITU,andeachAthleteorotherPersoninvolvedintheactivitiesoftheITUoranyofitsNationalFederationsbyvirtueoftheAthlete or other Person’s membership, accreditation or participation in the ITU or its NationalFederations’activitiesand/orEvents.

TheseAnti-DopingRulesshallalsoapplytoallindividualsinvolvedinanycapacityinthesportoftriathlonoranyofITU’sproperties,includingbutnotlimitedtoparatriathlon,duathlon,aquathlon,longdistance,mixedrelay,wintertriathlon,crosstriathlonandsprintdistance,whoaremembersofITUNationalFederationsand/oraffiliatedmembers,clubs,teamsorassociations,aswellastoanyindividuals involved in any triathlon Competition,Event or activity organized, held, convened orsanctioned by National Federations or National Anti-Doping Organizations or their affiliatedmembers,club,teamsorassociations.ThisincludesallAthleteSupportPersonnelwhoareworkingwith, treating or assistingAthletes or any other individuals described above to participate in orprepareforanyandalltriathlonEventsorCompetitions.

Accordingly,theseAnti-DopingRulesshallapplytoallCoderelatedactivitiesoverwhichtheITUanditsNationalFederationshavejurisdictionincludingbutnotlimitedtoITUWorldChampionships,ITUWorld Cup Events, ITU Continental Events, ITU National Federations Championships and seriesEventswhichareoftheformatspecifiedbytheITUCompetitionRules.ItistheresponsibilityofeachNational Federation to ensure that all national-levelTesting on theNational Federation'sAthletescomplieswiththeseAnti-DopingRules.TheseAnti-DopingRulesshallalsoapplytoAthleteswhoarenotregularmembersofITUorofoneofitsNationalFederationsorwhofalloutsidethescopeoftheirown countries’ anti-doping regulations and/or are not consideredNational-Level Athletes withintheir current respective countries, but who want to be eligible to compete in a particularInternationalEventorContinentalEvent.ITUmayincludesuchAthletesinitsRegisteredTestingPoolsothattheyarerequiredtoprovideinformationabouttheirwhereaboutsforpurposesofTestingundertheseAnti-DopingRulesforasrequiredbyITUpriortotheEventinquestion.


Each of the individuals enumerated above is deemed, as a condition of his/her membership,accreditationand/orparticipation in thesport, tohaveagreed tobeboundby theseAnti-DopingRules,andtohavesubmittedtotheauthorityofITUtoenforcetheseAnti-DopingRulesandtothejurisdictionofthehearingpanelsspecifiedinArticle8andArticle13tohearanddeterminecasesand appeals brought under these Anti-Doping Rules. Within the overall pool of Athletes andindividualssetoutabovewhoareboundbyandrequiredtocomplywiththeseAnti-DopingRules,thefollowingAthletesshallbeconsideredtobeInternational-LevelAthletesforthepurposesoftheseAnti-DopingRules, and therefore the specificprovisions in theseAnti-DopingRulesapplicable toInternational-LevelAthletes(asregardstoTesting,resultsmanagement,andappealsbutalso,whenandifapplicable,asregardstoTUEsandwhereaboutsinformation)shallapplytosuchAthletes:

• AllAthleteswhoareincludedintheITURegisteredTestingPool,and,• AllAthletes,excludingjuniorsandAgeGroupers,whocompeteattheWorldTriathlonSeries

Events, including the ITU Grand Final, regardless of whether or not they submit theirwhereaboutsandTUE’sdirectlytotheITU.

TheseAnti-DopingRulesmayalsoeventuallyapplytootherorganizationspromotingEventsinthesportoftriathlonwhoelecttoadopt,implementandenforcetheseITUAnti-DopingRulesastheirown;subjecttopropercomprehensivememorandumsofunderstandingbeingagreedtointhisregardbetweentheITUandtherelevantorganizations. ARTICLE1 DEFINITIONOFDOPINGDoping isdefinedas theoccurrenceofoneormoreof theanti-dopingruleviolationsset forth inArticle2.1throughArticle2.10oftheseAnti-DopingRules.

ARTICLE2 ANTI-DOPINGRULEVIOLATIONS

ThepurposeofArticle2istospecifythecircumstancesandconductwhichconstituteanti-dopingruleviolations. Hearingsindopingcaseswillproceedbasedontheassertionthatoneormoreofthesespecificruleshavebeenviolated.Athletes or other Persons shall be responsible for knowingwhat constitutes an anti-doping ruleviolationandthesubstancesandmethodswhichhavebeenincludedontheProhibitedList.Thefollowingconstituteanti-dopingruleviolations:

2.1 PresenceofaProhibitedSubstanceoritsMetabolitesorMarkersinanAthlete’sSample

2.1.1ItiseachAthlete’spersonaldutytoensurethatnoProhibitedSubstanceentershis or her body. Athletes are responsible for any Prohibited Substance or itsMetabolitesorMarkers foundtobepresent intheirSamples. Accordingly, it isnotnecessary that intent, Fault, negligence or knowing Use on the Athlete’s part bedemonstratedinordertoestablishananti-dopingruleviolationunderArticle2.1.


2.1.2Sufficientproofofananti-dopingruleviolationunderArticle2.1isestablishedby any of the following: presence of a Prohibited Substance or itsMetabolites orMarkersintheAthlete’sASamplewheretheAthletewaivesanalysisoftheBSampleandtheBSampleisnotanalyzed;or,wheretheAthlete’sBSampleisanalyzedandtheanalysisoftheAthlete’sBSampleconfirmsthepresenceoftheProhibitedSubstanceoritsMetabolitesorMarkersfoundintheAthlete’sASample;or,wheretheAthlete’sBSample is split into twobottlesand theanalysisof the secondbottle confirms thepresenceoftheProhibitedSubstanceoritsMetabolitesorMarkersfoundinthefirstbottle.

2.1.3ExceptingthosesubstancesforwhichaquantitativethresholdisspecificallyidentifiedintheProhibitedList,thepresenceofanyquantityofaProhibitedSubstanceor itsMetabolitesorMarkers inanAthlete’sSampleshallconstituteananti-dopingruleviolation.2.1.4 As an exception to the general rule of Article 2.1, the Prohibited List orInternationalStandardsmayestablishspecialcriteriafortheevaluationofProhibitedSubstancesthatcanalsobeproducedendogenously.

2.2 Use orAttemptedUse by anAthlete of aProhibited Substance or aProhibitedMethod

2.2.1ItiseachAthlete’spersonaldutytoensurethatnoProhibitedSubstanceentershisorherbodyandthatnoProhibitedMethodisUsed.Accordingly,itisnotnecessarythatintent,Fault,negligenceorknowingUseontheAthlete’spartbedemonstratedinordertoestablishananti-dopingruleviolationforUseofaProhibitedSubstanceoraProhibitedMethod.2.2.2ThesuccessorfailureoftheUseorAttemptedUseofaProhibitedSubstanceorProhibitedMethod is notmaterial. It is sufficient that theProhibited Substance orProhibitedMethodwasUsedorAttemptedtobeUsedforananti-dopingruleviolationtobecommitted.

2.3 Evading,RefusingorFailingtoSubmittoSampleCollectionEvadingSamplecollection,orwithoutcompellingjustificationrefusingorfailingtosubmittoSample collection after notification as authorized in these Anti-Doping Rules or otherapplicableanti-dopingrules.

2.4 WhereaboutsFailuresAny combinationof threemissed tests and/or filing failures, asdefined in the InternationalStandard for Testing and Investigations, within a twelve-month period by an Athlete in aRegisteredTestingPool.

2.5 TamperingorAttemptedTamperingwithanypartofDopingControl


Conduct which subverts the Doping Control process but which would not otherwise beincludedinthedefinitionofProhibitedMethods.Tamperingshallinclude,withoutlimitation,intentionallyinterferingorattemptingtointerferewithaDopingControlofficial,providingfraudulent information to an Anti-Doping Organization, or intimidating or attempting tointimidateapotentialwitness.

2.6 PossessionofaProhibitedSubstanceoraProhibitedMethod

2.6.1 Possession by anAthlete In-Competitionof any Prohibited Substanceor anyProhibitedMethod,orPossessionbyanAthleteOut-of-CompetitionofanyProhibitedSubstanceoranyProhibitedMethodwhichisprohibitedOut-of-CompetitionunlesstheAthleteestablishesthatthePossessionisconsistentwithaTherapeuticUseExemption(“TUE”)grantedinaccordancewithArticle4.4orotheracceptablejustification.2.6.2 Possession by an Athlete Support Person In-Competition of any ProhibitedSubstanceoranyProhibitedMethod,orPossessionbyanAthleteSupportPersonOut-of-Competition of any Prohibited Substance or any Prohibited Method which isprohibitedOut-of-CompetitioninconnectionwithanAthlete,Competitionortraining,unlesstheAthleteSupportPersonestablishesthatthePossessionisconsistentwithaTUE granted to an Athlete in accordance with Article 4.4 or other acceptablejustification.

2.7 TraffickingorAttemptedTraffickinginanyProhibitedSubstanceorProhibitedMethod2.8AdministrationorAttemptedAdministrationtoanyAthleteIn-CompetitionofanyProhibited Substance or Prohibited Method, or Administration or AttemptedAdministration toanyAthleteOut-of-CompetitionofanyProhibitedSubstanceoranyProhibitedMethodthatisprohibitedOut-of-Competition2.9ComplicityAssisting, encouraging, aiding, abetting, conspiring, covering up or any other type ofintentional complicity involving an anti-doping rule violation,Attempted anti-doping ruleviolationorviolationofArticle10.12.1byanotherPerson.2.10 ProhibitedAssociationAssociationbyanAthleteorotherPersonsubjecttotheauthorityofanAnti-DopingOrganizationinaprofessionalorsport-relatedcapacitywithanyAthleteSupportPersonwho:

2.10.1IfsubjecttotheauthorityofanAnti-DopingOrganization,isservingaperiodofIneligibility;or2.10.2 If not subject to the authority of an Anti-Doping Organization and whereIneligibilityhasnotbeenaddressedinaresultsmanagementprocesspursuanttotheCode,hasbeenconvictedorfoundinacriminal,disciplinaryorprofessionalproceedingtohaveengaged inconductwhichwouldhaveconstitutedaviolationofanti-dopingrules if Code-compliant rules had been applicable to such Person.The disqualifying


status of suchPerson shall be in force for the longer of six years from the criminal,professional or disciplinary decision or the duration of the criminal, disciplinary orprofessionalsanctionimposed;or

2.10.3 IsservingasafrontorintermediaryforanindividualdescribedinArticle2.10.1or2.10.2

Inorderforthisprovisiontoapply,itisnecessarythattheAthleteorotherPersonhaspreviouslybeenadvised inwritingbyanAnti-DopingOrganizationwith jurisdictionover theAthleteorotherPerson,orbyWADA,oftheAthleteSupportPerson’sdisqualifyingstatusandthepotentialConsequenceofprohibitedassociationandthattheAthleteorotherPersoncanreasonablyavoidtheassociation. TheAnti-DopingOrganizationshallalsousereasonableeffortstoadvisetheAthleteSupportPersonwhoisthesubjectofthenoticetotheAthleteorotherPersonthattheAthleteSupportPersonmay,within15days,comeforwardtotheAnti-DopingOrganizationtoexplain that the criteria described inArticles 2.10.1 and 2.10.2 do not apply to himor her.(Notwithstanding Article 17, this Article applies even when the Athlete Support Person’sdisqualifyingconductoccurredpriortotheeffectivedateprovidedinArticle20.7.)TheburdenshallbeontheAthleteorotherPersontoestablishthatanyassociationwithAthleteSupportPersonneldescribedinArticle2.10.1or2.10.2isnotinaprofessionalorsport-relatedcapacity.Anti-DopingOrganizations thatareawareofAthleteSupportPersonnelwhomeet thecriteriadescribedinArticle2.10.1,2.10.2,or2.10.3shallsubmitthatinformationtoWADA.

ARTICLE3 PROOFOFDOPING

3.1 BurdensandStandardsofProof

ITUshallhavetheburdenofestablishingthatananti-dopingruleviolationhasoccurred.ThestandardofproofshallbewhetherITUhasestablishedananti-dopingruleviolationtothecomfortablesatisfactionofthehearingpanelbearinginmindtheseriousnessoftheallegationwhichismade.Thisstandardofproofinallcasesisgreaterthanamerebalanceofprobabilitybut less thanproofbeyondareasonabledoubt. WheretheseAnti-DopingRulesplacetheburdenofproofupontheAthleteorotherPersonallegedtohavecommittedananti-dopingrule violation to rebut a presumption or establish specified facts or circumstances, thestandardofproofshallbebyabalanceofprobability.

3.2 MethodsofEstablishingFactsandPresumptionsFacts related to anti-doping rule violations may be established by any reliable means,includingadmissions.Thefollowingrulesofproofshallbeapplicableindopingcases:

3.2.1 AnalyticalmethodsordecisionlimitsapprovedbyWADAafterconsultationwithin the relevant scientific communityandwhichhavebeen the subjectofpeerreviewarepresumedtobescientificallyvalid.AnyAthleteorotherPersonseekingtorebutthispresumptionofscientificvalidityshall,asaconditionprecedenttoanysuch


challenge,firstnotifyWADAofthechallengeandthebasisofthechallenge.CASonitsowninitiativemayalsoinformWADAofanysuchchallenge.AtWADA’srequest,theCAS panel shall appoint an appropriate scientific expert to assist the panel in itsevaluationof the challenge.Within10daysofWADA’s receipt of suchnotice, andWADA’sreceiptoftheCASfile,WADAshallalsohavetherighttointerveneasaparty,appearamicuscuriae,orotherwiseprovideevidenceinsuchproceeding.3.2.2WADA-accreditedlaboratories,andotherlaboratoriesapprovedbyWADA,arepresumedtohaveconductedSampleanalysisandcustodialproceduresinaccordancewiththeInternationalStandardforLaboratories. TheAthleteorotherPersonmayrebut this presumption by establishing that a departure from the InternationalStandardforLaboratoriesoccurredwhichcouldreasonablyhavecausedtheAdverseAnalyticalFinding.IftheAthleteorotherPersonrebutstheprecedingpresumptionby showing that a departure from the International Standard for Laboratoriesoccurredwhichcouldreasonablyhavecaused theAdverseAnalyticalFinding, thenITUshallhavetheburdentoestablishthatsuchdeparturedidnotcausetheAdverseAnalyticalFinding.

3.2.3DeparturesfromanyotherInternationalStandardorotheranti-dopingruleorpolicysetforthintheCodeortheseAnti-DopingRuleswhichdidnotcauseanAdverseAnalytical Finding or other anti-doping rule violation shall not invalidate suchevidence or results. If the Athlete or other Person establishes a departure fromanother International Standard or other anti-doping rule or policy which couldreasonablyhavecausedananti-dopingruleviolationbasedonanAdverseAnalyticalFinding or other anti-doping rule violation, then ITU shall have the burden toestablish that such departure did not cause theAdverse Analytical Finding or thefactualbasisfortheanti-dopingruleviolation.3.2.4 The facts established by a decision of a court or professional disciplinarytribunalofcompetentjurisdictionwhichisnotthesubjectofapendingappealshallbe irrebuttableevidenceagainst theAthleteorotherPerson towhomthedecisionpertained of those facts unless the Athlete or other Person establishes that thedecisionviolatedprinciplesofnaturaljustice.3.2.5Thehearingpanelinahearingonananti-dopingruleviolationmaydrawaninferenceadversetotheAthleteorotherPersonwhoisassertedtohavecommittedananti-dopingruleviolationbasedontheAthlete’sorotherPerson’srefusal,afterarequestmadeinareasonabletimeinadvanceofthehearing,toappearatthehearing(eitherinpersonortelephonicallyasdirectedbythehearingpanel)andtoanswerquestionsfromthehearingpanelorITU.

ARTICLE4 THEPROHIBITEDLIST

4.1 IncorporationoftheProhibitedListTheseAnti-DopingRulesincorporatetheProhibitedList,whichispublishedandrevisedbyWADAasdescribedinArticle4.1oftheCode.

4.2 ProhibitedSubstancesandProhibitedMethodsIdentifiedontheProhibitedList


4.2.1ProhibitedSubstancesandProhibitedMethodsUnlessprovidedotherwiseintheProhibitedListand/orarevision,theProhibitedListandrevisionsshallgointoeffectundertheseAnti-DopingRulesthreemonthsafterpublication byWADA,without requiring any further action by ITUor itsNationalFederations.AllAthletesandotherPersonsshallbeboundbytheProhibitedList,andanyrevisionsthereto,fromthedatetheygointoeffect,withoutfurtherformality.ItistheresponsibilityofallAthletesandotherPersonstofamiliarizethemselveswiththemostup-to-dateversionoftheProhibitedListandallrevisionsthereto.4.2.2SpecifiedSubstancesForpurposesoftheapplicationofArticle10,allProhibitedSubstancesshallbeSpecifiedSubstancesexceptsubstancesintheclassesofanabolicagentsandhormonesandthosestimulantsandhormoneantagonistsandmodulatorssoidentifiedontheProhibitedList.ThecategoryofSpecifiedSubstancesshallnotincludeProhibitedMethods.

4.3 WADA’sDeterminationoftheProhibitedListWADA’s determination of the Prohibited Substances and Prohibited Methods that will beincluded on the Prohibited List, the classification of substances into categories on theProhibited List, and the classification of a substance as prohibited at all times or In-Competitiononly,isfinalandshallnotbesubjecttochallengebyanAthleteorotherPersonbasedonanargumentthatthesubstanceormethodwasnotamaskingagentordidnothavethepotentialtoenhanceperformance,representahealthriskorviolatethespiritofsport.4.4 TherapeuticUseExemptions(“TUEs”)

4.4.1 ThepresenceofaProhibitedSubstanceoritsMetabolitesorMarkers,and/ortheUseorAttemptedUse,PossessionorAdministrationorAttemptedAdministrationofaProhibitedSubstanceorProhibitedMethod,shallnotbeconsideredananti-dopingruleviolationif it isconsistentwiththeprovisionsofaTUEgrantedinaccordancewiththeInternationalStandardforTherapeuticUseExemptions.4.4.2 If an International-Level Athlete is using a Prohibited Substance or aProhibitedMethodfortherapeuticreasons:

4.4.2.1WheretheAthletealreadyhasaTUEgrantedbyhisorherNationalAnti-DopingOrganizationforthesubstanceormethodinquestion,thatTUEshall be recognized by ITU and automatically valid for international-levelCompetitionsolongasITUisinformedofthegrantedTUEinatimelymanner,priortotheCompetitionandsolongastheTUEmeetsthecriteriasetoutintheInternationalStandardforTherapeuticUseExemptions.IfITUconsidersthattheTUEdoesnotmeetthosecriteriaandsorefusestorecognizeit,ITUshall notify the Athlete and his or her National Anti-Doping Organizationpromptly, with reasons. The Athlete and the National Anti-DopingOrganizationshallhave21daysfromsuchnotificationtoreferthemattertoWADAforreviewinaccordancewithArticle4.4.6.IfthematterisreferredtoWADAforreview,theTUEgrantedbytheNationalAnti-DopingOrganization


remainsvalid fornational-levelCompetition andOut-of-CompetitionTesting(butisnotvalidforinternational-levelCompetition)pendingWADA’sdecision.IfthematterisnotreferredtoWADAforreview,theTUEbecomesinvalidforanypurposewhenthe21-dayreviewdeadlineexpires.

4.4.2.2 IftheAthletedoesnotalreadyhaveaTUEgrantedbyhis/herNationalAnti-Doping Organization for the substance or method in question he/shemustapplydirectlytoITUforaTUEinaccordancewiththeprocesssetoutintheInternationalStandardforTherapeuticUseExemptions.IfITUdeniestheAthlete’sapplication,itmustnotifytheAthletepromptly,withreasons.IfITUgrants theAthlete’s application, it shall notifynot only theAthlete but alsohis/her National Anti-Doping Organization. If the National Anti-DopingOrganizationconsidersthattheTUEgrantedbyITUdoesnotmeetthecriteriasetoutintheInternationalStandardforTherapeuticUseExemptions,ithas21 days from such notification to refer thematter toWADA for review inaccordancewithArticle4.4.6.IftheNationalAnti-DopingOrganizationrefersthematter toWADA for review, theTUE granted by ITU remains valid forinternational-level Competition and Out-of-Competition Testing (but is notvalidfornational-levelCompetition)pendingWADA’sdecision.IftheNationalAnti-DopingOrganizationdoesnotreferthemattertoWADAforreview,theTUEgrantedbyITUbecomesvalidfornational-levelCompetitionaswellwhenthe21-dayreviewdeadlineexpires.

4.4.3ForAthleteswhoarenotdefinedasInternational-LevelAthletesandareusingaProhibitedSubstanceoraProhibitedMethodfortherapeuticreasons.

4.4.3.1AthleteswhocompeteinJuniororAgeGroupCategories(asdefinedinITU Competition Rules) or who do not fall within the definition ofInternationalLevelAthletes(asdefinedintheScopesectionoftheseRules)and who need to use a Prohibited Substance or a Prohibited Method fortherapeutic reasons must always obtain a TUE from their National Anti-Doping Organization in accordance with the National Anti-DopingOrganization’santi-dopingrules(orfromanyotherorganizationpromotingEvents in the sport of triathlon as required under these organizations’respective rules). In all circumstances,National Anti-Doping Organizations,NationalFederationsandanyotherorganizationpromotingEventsinthesportof triathlonshallpromptlyreportanygrantedTUE’s to the ITUandWADAthroughADAMS.

4.4.3.2ITUshallreservetherighttonotrecognizeTUEsgrantedbyaNationalAnti-DopingOrganizationtoanAthletewhoisnotInternational-LevelAthletefor thepurposeof international-levelCompetitionshould ITUconsider thattheTUEgrantedatthenational-leveltoanysuchAthletedoesnotmeettheISTUEcriteria.IfITUdecidestonotrecognizeaTUEgrantedtoanAthletewhoisnotanInternational-LevelAthleteitshallnotifytheAthleteandhisorherNationalAnti-DopingOrganizationpromptly,withreasons. TheAthleteandthe National Anti-Doping Organization shall have 21 days from suchnotificationtoreferthemattertoWADAforreviewinaccordancewithArticle4.4.6. IfthematterisreferredtoWADA forreview,theTUEgrantedbytheNational Anti-Doping Organization remains valid for national-level


CompetitionandOut-of-CompetitionTestingbutisnotvalidforinternational-levelCompetitionpendingWADA’sdecision. IfthematterisnotreferredtoWADAforreview,theTUEbecomesinvalidforthepurposeofinternational-levelCompetitionwhenthe21-dayreviewdeadlineexpires.4.4.3.3. If ITU chooses to test anAthlete who is not an International-LevelAthlete,ITUshallrecognizeaTUEgrantedtothatAthletebyhisorherNationalAnti-DopingOrganization.IfITUchoosestotestanAthletewhoisneitheranInternational-LevelnoraNational-LevelAthleteITUshallpermitthatAthletetoapplytohisorherNationalAnti-DopingOrganizationforaretroactiveTUEfor anyProhibited SubstanceorProhibitedMethod that he/she is using fortherapeutic reasons. If ITU chooses to test an Athlete who is neither anInternational-LevelnoraNational-LevelAthleteduringanInternationalEvent,ITUshallpermitthatAthletetoapplyforaretroactiveTUEforanyProhibitedSubstanceorProhibitedMethodthathe/sheisusingfortherapeuticreasons.Insuchacase,ITUandtherelevantNationalAnti-DopingOrganizationshallmutually agree on which organization will process the retroactive TUEapplicationandsoinformtheAthlete.

4.4.4 AnapplicationtoITUforgrantorrecognitionofaTUEmustbemadeassoonastheneedarisesandinanyevent(saveinemergencyorexceptionalsituationsorwhere Article 4.3 of the International Standard for Therapeutic Use Exemptionsapplies)at least30daysbeforetheAthlete’snextCompetition. ITUshallappointapanel to consider applications for the grant or recognition of TUEs (the “TUECommittee”). The TUE Committee shall promptly evaluate and decide upon theapplicationinaccordancewiththerelevantprovisionsoftheInternationalStandardforTherapeuticUseExemptions.ItsdecisionshallbethefinaldecisionofITU,andshallbereportedtoWADAandotherrelevantAnti-DopingOrganizations, includingtheAthlete'sNationalAnti-DopingOrganization,throughADAMSinaccordancewiththeInternationalStandardforTherapeuticUseExemptions.

4.4.5 Expiration,Cancellation,WithdrawalorReversalofaTUE

4.4.5.1ATUEgrantedpursuanttotheseAnti-DopingRules:(a)shallexpireautomaticallyat theendofany term forwhich itwasgranted,without theneed for any further notice or other formality; (b)may be cancelled if theAthlete does not promptly comply with any requirements or conditionsimposedbytheTUECommitteeupongrantoftheTUE;(c)maybewithdrawnbytheTUECommittee if it issubsequentlydeterminedthat thecriteria forgrantofaTUEarenotinfactmet;or(d)maybereversedonreviewbyWADAoronappeal.

4.4.5.2 In suchevent, theAthlete shallnotbe subject toanyConsequencesbased on his/her Use or Possession or Administration of the ProhibitedSubstanceorProhibitedMethodinquestioninaccordancewiththeTUEpriortotheeffectivedateofexpiry,cancellation,withdrawalorreversaloftheTUE.The review pursuant to Article 7.2 of any subsequent Adverse AnalyticalFindingshallincludeconsiderationofwhethersuchfindingisconsistentwith


Use of theProhibited Substance orProhibitedMethodprior to that date, inwhicheventnoanti-dopingruleviolationshallbeasserted.

4.4.6 ReviewsandAppealsofTUEDecisions

4.4.6.1WADAshallreviewanydecisionbyITUnottorecognizeaTUEgrantedby theNational Anti-Doping Organization that is referred toWADA by theAthlete or the Athlete’s National Anti-Doping Organization. In addition,WADA shall review any decision by ITU to grant aTUE that is referred toWADA by the Athlete’s National Anti-Doping Organization. WADA mayreviewanyotherTUEdecisionsatanytime,whetheruponrequestbythoseaffectedoronitsowninitiative.IftheTUEdecisionbeingreviewedmeetsthecriteriasetoutintheInternationalStandardforTherapeuticUseExemptions,WADAwill not interferewith it. If theTUE decision does notmeet thosecriteria,WADAwillreverseit.

4.4.6.2AnyTUEdecisionbyITU(orbyaNationalAnti-DopingOrganizationwhereithasagreedtoconsidertheapplicationonbehalfofITU)thatisnotreviewedbyWADA,orthat isreviewedbyWADAbut isnotreverseduponreview,maybeappealedbytheAthleteand/ortheAthlete’sNationalAnti-DopingOrganizationexclusivelytoCAS,inaccordancewithArticle13.

4.4.6.3AdecisionbyWADAtoreverseaTUEdecisionmaybeappealedbytheAthlete,theNationalAnti-DopingOrganizationand/orITUexclusivelytoCAS,inaccordancewithArticle13.4.4.6.4 A failure to take action within a reasonable time on a properlysubmittedapplicationforgrantorrecognitionofaTUEorforreviewofaTUEdecisionshallbeconsideredadenialoftheapplication.

ARTICLE5 TESTINGANDINVESTIGATIONS

5.1 PurposeofTestingandInvestigationsTestingandinvestigationsshallonlybeundertakenforanti-dopingpurposes.TheyshallbeconductedinconformitywiththeprovisionsoftheInternationalStandardforTestingandInvestigationsandthespecificprotocolsofITUsupplementingthatInternationalStandard.

5.1.1 TestingshallbeundertakentoobtainanalyticalevidenceastotheAthlete’scompliance(ornon-compliance)withthestrictCodeprohibitiononthepresence/UseofaProhibitedSubstanceorProhibitedMethod. Testdistributionplanning,Testing,post-TestingactivityandallrelatedactivitiesconductedbyITU,oranindependentanti-dopingorganizationtowhomthistaskhasbeendelegated,shallbeinconformitywith the International Standard for Testing and Investigations. ITU, or anindependentanti-dopingorganization towhom this taskhasbeendelegated, shalldeterminethenumberoffinishingplacementtests,randomtestsandtargetteststo


be performed, in accordance with the criteria established by the InternationalStandardforTestingandInvestigations.AllprovisionsoftheInternationalStandardforTestingandInvestigationsshallapplyautomaticallyinrespectofallsuchTesting.5.1.2Investigationsshallbeundertaken:

5.1.2.1 in relation to Atypical Findings, Atypical Passport Findings andAdverse Passport Findings, in accordance with Articles 7.4 and 7.5respectively, gathering intelligence or evidence (including, in particular,analytical evidence) in order to determine whether an anti-doping ruleviolationhasoccurredunderArticle2.1and/orArticle2.2;and

5.1.2.2 in relation to other indications of potential anti-doping ruleviolations,inaccordancewithArticles7.6and7.7,gatheringintelligenceorevidence (including, in particular, non-analytical evidence) in order todeterminewhetherananti-dopingruleviolationhasoccurredunderanyofArticles2.2to2.10.

5.1.3 ITU,oranindependentanti-dopingorganizationtowhomthistaskhasbeendelegated,mayobtain,assessandprocessanti-dopingintelligencefromallavailablesources,toinformthedevelopmentofaneffective,intelligentandproportionatetestdistributionplan,toplanTargetTesting,and/ortoformthebasisofaninvestigationintoapossibleanti-dopingruleviolation(s).

5.2 AuthoritytoconductTesting

5.2.1SubjecttothejurisdictionallimitationsforEventTestingsetoutinArticle5.3oftheCode, ITUshallhaveIn-CompetitionandOut-of-CompetitionTestingauthorityoveralloftheAthletesspecifiedintheIntroductiontotheseAnti-DopingRules(underthe heading "Scope") but could delegate that authority to National Anti-DopingOrganizationsoranothertestingagencyinallEventsthatarenotITUWorldTriathlonSeriesEvents(includingtheGrandFinal)orWorldCupEvents. 5.2.2ITUmayrequireanyAthleteoverwhomithasTestingauthority(includinganyAthleteservingaperiodofIneligibility)toprovideaSampleatanytimeandatanyplace.5.2.3 WADAshallhaveIn-CompetitionandOut-of-CompetitionTestingauthorityassetoutinArticle20.7.8oftheCode.5.2.4 If ITUdelegatesorcontractsanypartofTesting toaNationalAnti-DopingOrganization(directlyorthroughaNationalFederation)oranothertestingagency,that National Anti-Doping Organization or testing agency may collect additionalSamples or direct the laboratory to perform additional types of analysis at theNationalAnti-DopingOrganization’sexpense.IfadditionalSamplesarecollectedoradditionaltypesofanalysisareperformed,ITUshallbenotified.

5.3 EventTesting


5.3.1 Except as provided in Article 5.3 of theCode, only a single organizationshouldberesponsibleforinitiatinganddirectingTestingatEventVenuesduringanEventPeriod.AtInternationalEvents,thecollectionofSamplesshallbeinitiatedanddirectedbyITU(oranyotherinternationalorganizationwhichistherulingbodyfortheEventoranyother internationalorganizationpromotingEvents in thesportoftriathlon). AttherequestofITU(oranyotherinternationalorganizationwhichistherulingbodyforanEventoranyotherinternationalorganizationpromotingEventsin thesportof triathlon),anyTestingduring theEventPeriodoutsideof theEventVenuesshallbecoordinatedwithITU(ortherelevantrulingbodyoftheEventoranyotherinternationalorganizationpromotingEventsinthesportoftriathlon).5.3.2IfanAnti-DopingOrganizationwhichwouldotherwisehaveTestingauthoritybut is not responsible for initiating and directing Testing at an Event desires toconductTesting ofAthletes at theEventVenues during theEventPeriod, theAnti-Doping Organization shall first confer with ITU (or any other internationalorganization which is the ruling body of the Event or any other internationalorganization promoting Events in the sport of triathlon) to obtain permission toconductandcoordinatesuchTesting.IftheAnti-DopingOrganizationisnotsatisfiedwith the response from ITU (or any other international organizationwhich is therulingbodyoftheEventoranyotherinternationalorganizationpromotingEventsinthesportoftriathlon)theAnti-DopingOrganizationmayaskWADAforpermissiontoconductTestingandtodeterminehowtocoordinatesuchTesting,inaccordancewiththeproceduressetoutintheInternationalStandardforTestingandInvestigations.WADAshallnotgrantapprovalforsuchTestingbeforeconsultingwithandinformingITU(oranyotherinternationalorganizationwhichistherulingbodyfortheEventorany other international organization promoting Events in the sport of triathlon).WADA’sdecisionshallbefinalandnotsubjecttoappeal.Unlessotherwiseprovidedin the authorization to conduct Testing, such tests shall be considered Out-of-Competitiontests.ResultsmanagementforanysuchtestshallbetheresponsibilityoftheAnti-DopingOrganizationinitiatingthetestunlessprovidedotherwiseintherulesoftherulingbodyoftheEvent.5.3.3AlthoughITUshallbethesoleTestingauthorityforallTestingconductedatWorldCupsandWorldTriathlonSeriesevents,includingtheGrandFinal,thecostofallIn-CompetitionTestingconductedduringtheseEventsshallbebornbythelocalEventorganizationcommittee.ITUmayalsoelecttoconductadditionaltestingatitsowncost.

5.4 TestDistributionPlanningConsistent with the International Standard for Testing and Investigations, and incoordinationwithotherAnti-DopingOrganizationsortestingagenciesconductingTestingonthesameAthletes, ITU,oranindependentanti-dopingorganizationtowhomthistaskhasbeendelegated, shalldevelopand implementaneffective, intelligentandproportionatetestdistributionplanthatprioritizesappropriatelybetweendisciplines,categoriesofAthletes,types


ofTesting,typesofSamplescollected,andtypesofSampleanalysis,allincompliancewiththerequirementsoftheInternationalStandardforTestingandInvestigations. ITUshallprovideWADAacopyofitscurrenttestdistributionplanuponrequest.

5.5 CoordinationofTestingWhere reasonably feasible,Testing shall be coordinated throughADAMS or another systemapprovedbyWADAinordertomaximizetheeffectivenessofthecombinedTestingeffortandtoavoidunnecessaryrepetitiveTesting.

5.6 AthleteWhereaboutsInformation

5.6.1ITU,oranindependentanti-dopingorganizationtowhomthistaskhasbeendelegated,shallidentifyaRegisteredTestingPoolofthoseAthleteswhoarerequiredto comply with the whereabouts requirements of Annex I to the InternationalStandardforTestingandInvestigations,andshallmakeavailablethroughADAMS,alistwhich identifiesthoseAthletes includedin itsRegisteredTestingPooleitherbyname or by clearly defined, specific criteria. ITU, or an independent anti-dopingorganizationtowhomthis taskhasbeendelegated,shallcoordinatewithNationalAnti-Doping Organizations and-or any other international organization promotingEventsinthesportoftriathlontheidentificationofsuchAthletesandthecollectionoftheirwhereaboutsinformation.ITU,oranindependentanti-dopingorganizationtowhomthistaskhasbeendelegated,shallreviewandupdateasnecessaryitscriteriaforincludingAthletesinitsRegisteredTestingPool,andshallrevisethemembershipofitsRegisteredTestingPoolfromtimetotimeasappropriateinaccordancewiththesetcriteria.AthletesshallbenotifiedbeforetheyareincludedinaRegisteredTestingPoolandwhentheyareremovedfromthatpool.EachAthleteintheRegisteredTestingPool shall do the following, in each case in accordance with Annex I to theInternational Standard for Testing and Investigations: (a) advise ITU of his/herwhereaboutsonaquarterlybasis;(b)updatethatinformationasnecessarysothatitremainsaccurateandcompleteatalltimes;and(c)makehim/herselfavailableforTestingatsuchwhereabouts.5.6.2 For purposes of Article 2.4, an Athlete’s failure to comply with therequirementsof the InternationalStandard forTestingand Investigationsshallbedeemedafilingfailureoramissedtest(asdefinedintheInternationalStandardforTesting and Investigations) where the conditions set forth in the InternationalStandardforTestingandInvestigationsfordeclaringafilingfailureormissedtestaremet.5.6.3 AnAthleteinITU’sRegisteredTestingPoolshallcontinuetobesubjecttotheobligation to comply with the whereabouts requirements of Annex I to theInternationalStandardforTestingandInvestigationsunlessanduntil(a)theAthletegiveswrittennoticetoITUthathe/shehasretiredor(b)ITUhasinformedhimorherthathe/shenolongersatisfiesthecriteriafor inclusioninITU'sRegisteredTestingPool.5.6.4 Whereabouts information relating to anAthlete shall be shared (throughADAMS)withWADAandotherAnti-DopingOrganizationshavingauthoritytotestthat


Athlete,shallbemaintainedinstrictconfidenceatalltimes,shallbeusedexclusivelyforthepurposessetoutinArticle5.6oftheCode,andshallbedestroyedinaccordancewith the International Standard for the Protection of Privacy and PersonalInformationonceitisnolongerrelevantforthesepurposes.

5.7 RetiredAthletesReturningtoCompetition

5.7.1 AnAthleteinITU’sRegisteredTestingPoolwhohasgivennoticeofretirementto ITUmaynot resumecompeting in InternationalEventsorNationalEventsuntilhe/shehasgivenITUwrittennoticeofhis/herintenttoresumecompetingandhasmadehim/herselfavailableforTestingforaperiodofsixmonthsbeforereturningtoCompetition,including(ifrequested)complyingwiththewhereaboutsrequirementsof Annex I to the International Standard for Testing and Investigations.WADA, inconsultationwithITUandtheAthlete'sNationalAnti-DopingOrganization,maygrantanexemptiontothesix-monthwrittennoticerulewherethestrictapplicationofthatrulewouldbemanifestlyunfairtoanAthlete.ThisdecisionmaybeappealedunderArticle13.AnycompetitiveresultsobtainedinviolationofthisArticle5.7.1shallbeDisqualified.

5.7.2 IfanAthlete retires fromsportwhilesubject toaperiodof Ineligibility, theAthleteshallnotresumecompetinginInternationalEventsorNationalEventsuntiltheAthletehas given sixmonths priorwritten notice (or notice equivalent to theperiodofIneligibilityremainingasofthedatetheAthleteretired,ifthatperiodwaslongerthansixmonths)toITUandtohis/herNationalAnti-DopingOrganizationofhis/herintenttoresumecompetingandhasmadehim/herselfavailableforTestingfor that notice period, including (if requested) complying with the whereaboutsrequirementsofAnnexItotheInternationalStandardforTestingandInvestigations.

5.7.3 AnAthletewhoisnotinITU’sRegisteredTestingPoolwhohasgivennoticeofretirement to ITUmay not resume competing unless he/she notifies ITU and/orhis/her National Anti-Doping Organization at least three months before he/shewishestoreturntoCompetitionandmakeshim/herselfavailableforunannouncedOut-of-CompetitionTesting,including(ifrequested)complyingwiththewhereaboutsrequirementsofAnnexItotheInternationalStandardforTestingandInvestigations,duringtheperiodbeforeactualreturntoCompetition.

5.8 IndependentObserverProgramITUandtheorganizingcommitteesforITU’sEvents,aswellastheNationalFederationsandtheorganizingcommitteesforNationalEvents,shallauthorizeandfacilitatetheIndependentObserverProgramatsuchEvents.

ARTICLE6 ANALYSISOFSAMPLES

Samplesshallbeanalyzedinaccordancewiththefollowingprinciples:

6.1 UseofAccreditedandApprovedLaboratories


For purposes of Article 2.1, Samples shall be analyzed only in laboratories accredited orotherwise approved byWADA. The choice of theWADA-accredited orWADA-approvedlaboratoryusedfortheSampleanalysisshallbedeterminedexclusivelybyITU.

6.2 PurposeofAnalysisofSamples

6.2.1 Samples shall be analyzed to detect Prohibited Substances and ProhibitedMethods and other substances as may be directed by WADA pursuant to theMonitoringProgramdescribedinArticle4.5oftheCode;ortoassistITUinprofilingrelevantparameters inanAthlete’surine,bloodorothermatrix, includingDNAorgenomicprofiling;orforanyotherlegitimateanti-dopingpurpose.Samplesmaybecollectedandstoredforfutureanalysis.

6.2.2 ITUshallasklaboratoriestoanalyzeSamplesinconformitywithArticle6.4oftheCodeandArticle4.7oftheInternationalStandardforTestingandInvestigations.

6.3 ResearchonSamplesNoSamplemaybeusedforresearchwithouttheAthlete'swrittenconsent.SamplesusedforpurposesotherthanArticle6.2shallhaveanymeansofidentificationremovedsuchthattheycannotbetracedbacktoaparticularAthlete.

6.4 StandardsforSampleAnalysisandReportingLaboratoriesshallanalyzeSamplesandreportresultsinconformitywiththeInternationalStandardforLaboratories.ToensureeffectiveTesting,theTechnicalDocumentreferencedat Article 5.4.1 of the Code will establish risk assessment-based Sample analysis menusappropriateforparticularsportsandsportdisciplines,andlaboratoriesshallanalyzeSamplesinconformitywiththosemenus,exceptasfollows:

6.4.1 ITUmayrequestthatlaboratoriesanalyzeitsSamplesusingmoreextensivemenusthanthosedescribedintheTechnicalDocument.6.4.2 ITUmayrequest that laboratories analyze itsSamplesusing lessextensivemenusthanthosedescribedintheTechnicalDocumentonlyifithassatisfiedWADAthat, because of the particular circumstances of its sport, as set out in its testdistributionplan,lessextensiveanalysiswouldbeappropriate.6.4.3 Asprovided in the International Standard forLaboratories, laboratoriesattheirowninitiativeandexpensemayanalyzeSamples forProhibitedSubstancesorProhibited Methods not included on the Sample analysis menu described in theTechnical Document or specified by theTesting authority. Results from any suchanalysisshallbereportedandhavethesamevalidityandconsequenceasanyotheranalyticalresult.

6.5 FurtherAnalysisofSamplesAnySamplemaybestoredandsubsequentlysubjectedtofurtheranalysisforthepurposessetoutinArticle6.2:(a)byWADAatanytime;and/or(b)byITUatanytimebeforeboththeA andBSample analytical results (or ASample resultwhereBSample analysis has been


waived orwill not be performed) have been communicated by ITU to theAthlete as theassertedbasisforanArticle2.1anti-dopingruleviolation.SuchfurtheranalysisofSamplesshallconformwiththerequirementsoftheInternationalStandardforLaboratoriesandtheInternationalStandardforTestingandInvestigations.

ARTICLE7 RESULTSMANAGEMENT

7.1 ResponsibilityforConductingResultsManagement

7.1.1 ITU shall be responsible for conducting resultsmanagement for allTestingundertakenonInternational-LevelAthletes:a) in the courseofOut-Of-CompetitionTestingwhere ITUorWADA is theTesting

Authority.

b) in the courseof International ITUWorldTriathlonSeriesEvents, including theGrandFinal,ITUWorldChampionshipEvents,ITUWorldCupEvents,

c) inContinentalEventswheretheEventOrganizerhasspecificallydelegatedITUas

theTestingAuthorityandresultsmanagementauthorityforthatspecificEvent,

d) inthecourseofOut-of-CompetitiontestingundertakenbyITUinaccordancewithitstestdistributionplan,

e) whoareincludedintheITU’sAthleteBloodPassportProgram.

7.1.2 ResultsManagementarisingoutofTesting conducted inanycircumstancesotherthanthoseexplicitlyenumeratedinArticle7.1.1oftheseRulesaboveshallbetheresponsibilityofeithertheNationalFederationoftheAthlete,orhis-herNationalAnti-Doping Organization depending on and in accordance with the applicablenational-anti-dopinglawsandnationaldisciplinaryprocesses.InaccordancewithArticle13.3oftheseRules,ITUmayelecttoseizeitselfofacaseshould the matter not be resolved in a timely matter by the relevant NationalFederationorNationalAnti-DopingOrganization’sdisciplinarybody.Insuchacase,the ITU would proceed with the results management and disciplinary processincludingreferringthematterforahearingtotheCASAnti-DopingDivisionatthecostoftherelevantnationalbody.

7.2 ReviewofAdverseAnalyticalFindingsfromTestsInitiatedbyITUResults management in respect of the results of tests initiated by ITU (including testsperformedbyWADApursuanttoagreementwithITU)shallproceedasfollows:

7.2.1 TheresultsfromallanalysesmustbesenttoITUinencodedform,inareportsignedbyanauthorizedrepresentativeofthelaboratory.AllcommunicationmustbeconductedconfidentiallyandinconformitywithADAMS.


7.2.2 Upon receipt of an Adverse Analytical Finding, the ITU Anti-DopingAdministratorshallconductareviewtodeterminewhether:(a)anapplicableTUEhasbeengrantedorwillbegrantedasprovided in the InternationalStandard forTherapeutic Use Exemptions, or (b) there is any apparent departure from theInternationalStandardforTestingandInvestigationsorInternationalStandardforLaboratoriesthatcausedtheAdverseAnalyticalFinding.7.2.3 IfthereviewofanAdverseAnalyticalFindingunderArticle7.2.2revealsanapplicable TUE or departure from the International Standard for Testing andInvestigationsortheInternationalStandardforLaboratoriesthatcausedtheAdverseAnalyticalFinding, theentire testshallbeconsiderednegativeandtheAthlete, theAthlete’s National Anti-Doping Organization, theAthlete’sNational Federation andWADAshallbesoinformedbyemailcorrespondence.

7.3 NotificationAfterReviewRegardingAdverseAnalyticalFindings7.3.1 If the reviewofanAdverseAnalyticalFindingunderArticle7.2.2doesnotreveal anapplicableTUE or entitlement toaTUE asprovided in the InternationalStandard for Therapeutic Use Exemptions, or departure from the InternationalStandard for Testing and Investigations or the International Standard forLaboratories that caused the Adverse Analytical Finding, the ITU Anti-DopingAdministrator shall promptly notify the Athlete, and simultaneously the Athlete’sNationalAnti-DopingOrganization,theAthlete’sNationalFederationandWADA,inthemannersetout inArticle14.1,of: (a) theAdverseAnalyticalFinding; (b) theanti-dopingruleviolated;(c)theAthlete'srighttopromptlyrequesttheanalysisoftheBSampleor,failingsuchrequest,thattheBSampleanalysismaybedeemedwaived;(d)the scheduleddate, timeandplace for theBSample analysis if theAthlete or ITUchoosestorequestananalysisof theBSample; (e)theopportunity fortheAthleteand/ortheAthlete'srepresentativetoattendtheBSampleopeningandanalysisinaccordance with the International Standard for Laboratories if such analysis isrequested; and (f) the Athlete's right to request copies of the A and B Samplelaboratorydocumentationpackagewhich includes information as requiredby theInternational Standard for Laboratories. If ITU decides not to bring forward theAdverse Analytical Finding as an anti-doping rule violation, it shall so notify theAthlete, the Athlete’s National Anti-Doping Organization, the Athlete’s NationalFederationandWADA.7.3.2 Where requested by the Athlete or ITU arrangements shall be made toanalyzetheBSampleinaccordancewiththeInternationalStandardforLaboratories.AnAthletemayaccepttheASampleanalyticalresultsbywaivingtherequirementforBSampleanalysis.ITUmaynonethelesselecttoproceedwiththeBSampleanalysis.7.3.3 TheAthleteand/orhisrepresentativeshallbeallowedtobepresentattheanalysis of the B Sample. Also, a representative of ITU and theAthlete’s NationalFederationshallbeallowedtobepresent.7.3.4 IftheBSampleanalysisdoesnotconfirmtheASampleanalysis,then(unlessITU takes the case forwardas an anti-doping rule violationunderArticle2.2) theentiretestshallbeconsiderednegativeandtheAthlete,theAthlete’sNationalAnti-


Doping Organization, the Athlete’s National Federation and WADA shall be soinformed.7.3.5 IftheBSampleanalysisconfirmstheASampleanalysis,thefindingsshallbereportedtotheAthlete,theAthlete’sNationalAnti-DopingOrganization,theAthlete’sNationalFederationandtoWADA.

7.4 ReviewofAtypicalFindings

7.4.1 As provided in the International Standard for Laboratories, in somecircumstances laboratories are directed to report the presence of ProhibitedSubstances,whichmayalsobeproducedendogenously,asAtypicalFindings, i.e.,asfindingsthataresubjecttofurtherinvestigation.7.4.2 UponreceiptofanAtypicalFinding,theITUAnti-DopingAdministratorshallconductareviewtodeterminewhether:(a)anapplicableTUEhasbeengrantedorwill be granted as provided in the International Standard for Therapeutic UseExemptions,or(b)thereisanyapparentdeparturefromtheInternationalStandardforTestingandInvestigationsorInternationalStandardforLaboratoriesthatcausedtheAtypicalFinding.7.4.3 IfthereviewofanAtypicalFindingunderArticle7.4.2revealsanapplicableTUEoradeparturefromtheInternationalStandardforTestingandInvestigationsorthe International Standard for Laboratories that caused the Atypical Finding, theentiretestshallbeconsiderednegativeandtheAthlete,theAthlete’sNationalAnti-Doping Organization, the Athlete’s National Federation and WADA shall be soinformed.7.4.4 If that reviewdoes not reveal an applicableTUE or a departure from theInternationalStandardforTestingandInvestigationsortheInternationalStandardforLaboratoriesthatcausedtheAtypicalFinding,theITUAnti-DopingAdministratorshall conduct the required investigation or cause it to be conducted. After theinvestigationiscompleted,eithertheAtypicalFindingwillbebroughtforwardasanAdverseAnalyticalFinding, inaccordancewithArticle7.3.1,orelsetheAthlete,theAthlete’s National Anti-Doping Organization, theAthlete’sNational Federation andWADAshallbenotifiedthattheAtypicalFindingwillnotbebroughtforwardasanAdverseAnalyticalFinding.7.4.5 The ITU Anti-Doping Administratorwill not provide notice of anAtypicalFindinguntilithascompleteditsinvestigationandhasdecidedwhetheritwillbringthe Atypical Finding forward as an Adverse Analytical Finding unless one of thefollowingcircumstancesexists:

7.4.5.1 If ITU determines the B Sample should be analyzed prior to theconclusion of its investigation, it may conduct the BSample analysis afternotifying the Athlete, the Athlete’s National Anti-Doping Organization, theAthlete’s National Federation and WADA, with such notice to include adescriptionoftheAtypicalFindingandtheinformationdescribedinArticle7.3.1(d)-(f).


7.4.5.2IfITUisasked(a)byaMajorEventOrganizationshortlybeforeoneof its International Events, or (b) by a sport organization responsible formeeting an imminent deadline for selecting team members for anInternational Event, to disclose whether any Athlete identified on a listprovidedbytheMajorEventOrganizationorsportorganizationhasapendingAtypicalFinding,ITUshallsoadvisetheMajorEventOrganizationorsportsorganizationafterfirstprovidingnoticeoftheAtypicalFindingtotheAthlete.

7.5 ReviewofAtypicalPassportFindingsandAdversePassportFindings

ReviewofAtypicalPassportFindingsandAdversePassportFindingsshalltakeplaceasprovidedin the International Standard for Testing and Investigations and International Standard forLaboratories.AtsuchtimeasITUissatisfiedthatananti-dopingruleviolationhasoccurred,itshall promptly give the Athlete (and simultaneously the Athlete’s National Anti-DopingOrganization, the Athlete’s National Federation andWADA) notice of the anti-doping ruleviolationassertedandthebasisofthatassertion.

7.6 ReviewofWhereaboutsFailuresTheITUAnti-DopingAdministratorshallreviewpotentialfilingfailuresandmissedtests,asdefinedintheInternationalStandardforTestingandInvestigations,inrespectofAthleteswhofiletheirwhereaboutsinformationwithITU,inaccordancewithAnnexItotheInternationalStandardforTestingandInvestigations.AtsuchtimeasITUissatisfiedthatanArticle2.4anti-dopingruleviolationhasoccurred,itshallpromptlygivetheAthlete(andsimultaneouslytheAthlete’s National Anti-Doping Organization, theAthlete’s National Federation andWADA)noticethatitisassertingaviolationofArticle2.4andthebasisofthatassertion.7.7 ReviewofOtherAnti-DopingRuleViolationsNotCoveredbyArticles7.2–7.6TheITUAnti-DopingAdministratorshallconductanyfollow-upinvestigationrequiredintoapossibleanti-dopingruleviolationnotcoveredbyArticles7.2-7.6. AtsuchtimeasITUissatisfiedthatananti-dopingruleviolationhasoccurred,itshallpromptlygivetheAthleteorother Person (and simultaneously the Athlete’s or other Person’s National Anti-DopingOrganization,theAthlete’sorotherPerson’sNationalFederationandWADA)noticeoftheanti-dopingruleviolationassertedandthebasisofthatassertion.

7.8 IdentificationofPriorAnti-DopingRuleViolationsBefore giving anAthlete or otherPerson notice of an asserted anti-doping rule violation asprovidedabove,theITUAnti-DopingAdministratorshallrefertoADAMSandcontactWADAandotherrelevantAnti-DopingOrganizationstodeterminewhetheranyprioranti-dopingruleviolationexists.7.9 ProvisionalSuspensions

7.9.1 MandatoryProvisionalSuspension:IfanalysisofanASamplehasresultedin anAdverse Analytical Finding for a Prohibited Substance that is not a SpecifiedSubstance,orforaProhibitedMethod,andareviewinaccordancewithArticle7.2.2


doesnotrevealanapplicableTUEordeparturefromtheInternationalStandardforTestingandInvestigationsortheInternationalStandardforLaboratoriesthatcausedtheAdverse Analytical Finding, aProvisional Suspension shall be imposed upon orpromptlyafterthenotificationdescribedinArticles7.2,7.3or7.5.7.9.2 OptionalProvisionalSuspension:IncaseofanAdverseAnalyticalFindingforaSpecifiedSubstance,orinthecaseofanyotheranti-dopingruleviolationsnotcoveredbyArticle7.9.1,ITUmayimposeaProvisionalSuspensionontheAthleteorotherPersonagainstwhomtheanti-dopingruleviolationisassertedatanytimeafterthereviewandnotificationdescribedinArticles7.2–7.7andpriortothefinalhearingasdescribedinArticle8.7.9.3 WhereaProvisionalSuspensionisimposedpursuanttoArticle7.9.1orArticle7.9.2, the Athlete or other Person shall be given either: (a) an opportunity for aProvisional Hearing either before or on a timely basis after imposition of theProvisional Suspension; or (b) an opportunity for an expedited final hearing inaccordance with Article 8 on a timely basis after imposition of the ProvisionalSuspension.Furthermore,theAthleteorotherPersonhasarighttoappealfromtheProvisional Suspension in accordance with Article 13.2 (save as set out in Article7.9.3.1).

7.9.3.1TheProvisionalSuspensionmaybeliftediftheAthletedemonstratestothehearingpanelthattheviolationislikelytohaveinvolvedaContaminatedProduct. A hearing panel’s decision not to lift a mandatory ProvisionalSuspension on account of theAthlete’s assertion regarding aContaminatedProductshallnotbeappealable.

7.9.4 If a Provisional Suspension is imposed based on an A Sample AdverseAnalyticalFindingandsubsequentanalysisoftheBSampledoesnotconfirmtheASample analysis, then the Athlete shall not be subject to any further ProvisionalSuspensiononaccountofaviolationofArticle2.1.IncircumstanceswheretheAthlete(ortheAthlete'steam)hasbeenremovedfromaCompetitionbasedonaviolationofArticle 2.1 and the subsequent B Sample analysis does not confirm the A Samplefinding, then if it is still possible for theAthleteor team tobe reinserted,withoutotherwiseaffectingtheCompetition,theAthleteorteammaycontinuetotakepartintheCompetition. Inaddition,theAthleteorteammaythereaftertakepartinotherCompetitionsinthesameEvent.7.9.5 In all caseswhere anAthlete or otherPersonhas been notified of an anti-dopingruleviolationbutaProvisionalSuspensionhasnotbeenimposedonhimorher,theAthleteorotherPersonshallbeofferedtheopportunitytoacceptaProvisionalSuspensionvoluntarilypendingtheresolutionofthematter.

7.10 ResolutionWithoutaHearing

7.10.1 AnAthleteorotherPersonagainstwhomananti-dopingruleviolationisassertedmayadmitthatviolationatanytime,waiveahearing,andaccepttheConsequencesthataremandatedbytheseAnti-DopingRulesor(wheresomediscretionastoConsequencesexistsundertheseAnti-DopingRules)thathavebeenofferedbyITU.


7.10.2Alternatively, if theAthleteorotherPersonagainstwhomananti-dopingruleviolationisassertedfailstodisputethatassertionwithinthedeadlinespecifiedinthenoticesentbytheITUAnti-DopingAdministratorassertingtheviolation,thenhe/sheshallbedeemedtohaveadmittedtheviolation,tohavewaivedahearing,andtohaveaccepted theConsequences thataremandatedby theseAnti-DopingRulesor (wheresomediscretion as toConsequences existsunder theseAnti-DopingRules) thathavebeenofferedbyITU.7.10.3 In such a case, the ITU would proceed with the results management anddisciplinary process including referring thematter for a hearing to the CAS Anti-DopingDivisionatthecostoftherelevantnationalbody.InsteadITUshallpromptlyissueawrittendecisionconfirmingthecommissionoftheanti-dopingruleviolationandtheConsequencesimposedasaresult,andsettingoutthefullreasonsforanyperiodofIneligibility imposed, including(ifapplicable)a justification forwhy themaximumpotentialperiodofIneligibilitywasnotimposed.ITUshallsendcopiesofthatdecisiontootherAnti-DopingOrganizationswitharighttoappealunderArticle13.2.3,andshallPubliclyDisclosethatdecisioninaccordancewithArticle14.3.2.

7.11 NotificationofResultsManagementDecisionsIn all cases where ITU has asserted the commission of an anti-doping rule violation,withdrawntheassertionofananti-dopingruleviolation,imposedaProvisionalSuspension,or agreed with an Athlete or other Person on the imposition of Consequences without ahearing, the ITU Anti-Doping Administrator shall give notice thereof in accordance withArticle14.2.1tootherAnti-DopingOrganizationswitharighttoappealunderArticle13.2.3.

7.12 RetirementfromSportIfanAthleteorotherPersonretireswhileITUisconductingtheresultsmanagementprocess,ITUretainsjurisdictiontocompleteitsresultsmanagementprocess.IfanAthleteorotherPersonretiresbeforeanyresultsmanagementprocesshasbegun,andITUwouldhavehadresultsmanagementauthorityovertheAthleteorotherPersonatthetimetheAthleteorotherPerson committed an anti-doping rule violation, ITU has authority to conduct resultsmanagementinrespectofthatanti-dopingruleviolation.

ARTICLE8 RIGHTTOAFAIRHEARING

8.1 PrinciplesforaFairHearing

8.1.1 When the ITU Anti-Doping Administrator sends a notice to anAthlete orotherPersonassertingananti-dopingruleviolation,andtheAthleteorotherPersondoesnotwaiveahearinginaccordancewithArticle7.10.1orArticle7.10.2,thenthecaseshallbereferredtotheCASAnti-DopingDivisionforahearingandadjudicationinaccordancewiththeCASAnti-DopingDivisionRules.8.1.2 Hearings shall


bescheduledandcompletedwithinareasonabletime.HearingsheldinconnectionwithEvents that are subject to these Anti-Doping Rulesmay be conducted by anexpeditedandordocumentaryprocesswherepermittedby thehearingpanelandagreedtobytheAthleteorotherPerson.

8.1.3 TheCASAnti-DopingDivisionprocedureshallbefollowedforallhearingsandtheITUAnti-DopingAdministratorshallsoinformtheAthleteorotherPerson.8.1.4WADAandtheNationalFederationoftheAthleteorotherPersonmayattendthehearingasobservers.Inanyevent,ITUshallkeepWADAfullyapprisedastothestatusofpendingcasesandtheresultofallhearings.8.1.5 TheCASAnti-DopingDivisionPanelshallactinafairandimpartialmannertowardsallpartiesatalltimes.

8.2 Decisions

8.2.1Attheendofthehearing,oronatimelybasisthereafter,theCASAnti-DopingDivisionHearingPanelshallissueawrittendecisionthatincludesthefullreasonsforthedecisionand for anyperiodof Ineligibility imposed, including (if applicable) ajustificationforwhythegreatestpotentialConsequenceswerenotimposed.8.2.2 ThedecisionmaybeappealedtotheCASAppealDivisionasprovidedintheCAS Anti-Doping Division Rules. Copies of the decision shall be provided to theAthleteorotherPersonandtootherAnti-DopingOrganizationswitharighttoappealunderArticle13.2.38.2.3 Ifnoappealisbroughtagainstthedecision,then(a)ifthedecisionisthatananti-dopingruleviolationwascommitted,thedecisionshallbePubliclyDisclosedasprovidedinArticle14.3.2;but(b)ifthedecisionisthatnoanti-dopingruleviolationwascommitted,thenthedecisionshallonlybePubliclyDisclosedwiththeconsentoftheAthleteorotherPersonwhoisthesubjectofthedecision.ITUshallusereasonableeffortstoobtainsuchconsent,andifconsentisobtained,shallPubliclyDisclosethedecisioninitsentiretyorinsuchredactedformastheAthleteorotherPersonmayapprove.TheprinciplescontainedatArticle14.3.6shallbeappliedincasesinvolvingaMinor.

ARTICLE9 AUTOMATICDISQUALIFICATIONOFINDIVIDUALRESULTS

Ananti-dopingruleviolationinIndividualSportsinconnectionwithanIn-Competitiontestautomatically leads toDisqualification of the result obtained in that Competition with allresultingConsequences,includingforfeitureofanymedals,pointsandprizes.


ARTICLE10 SANCTIONSONINDIVIDUALS

10.1 Disqualification of Results in the Event during which an Anti-Doping RuleViolationOccursAnanti-dopingruleviolationoccurringduringorinconnectionwithanEventmay,uponthedecisionoftherulingbodyoftheEvent,leadtoDisqualificationofalloftheAthlete'sindividualresultsobtainedinthatEventwithallConsequences,includingforfeitureofallmedals,pointsandprizes,exceptasprovidedinArticle10.1.1.Factors to be included in consideringwhether toDisqualify other results in anEventmightinclude,forexample,theseriousnessoftheAthlete’santi-dopingruleviolationandwhethertheAthletetestednegativeintheotherCompetitions.

10.1.1IftheAthleteestablishesthatheorshebearsNoFaultorNegligencefortheviolation, the Athlete's individual results in the other Competitions shall not beDisqualified,unlesstheAthlete'sresultsinCompetitionsotherthantheCompetitioninwhichtheanti-dopingruleviolationoccurredwerelikelytohavebeenaffectedbytheAthlete'santi-dopingruleviolation.

10.2 Ineligibility forPresence,Use orAttemptedUse, orPossessionofaProhibitedSubstanceorProhibitedMethodTheperiodofIneligibilityforaviolationofArticles2.1,2.2or2.6shallbeasfollows,subjecttopotentialreductionorsuspensionpursuanttoArticles10.4,10.5or10.6:

10.2.1TheperiodofIneligibilityshallbefouryearswhere:

10.2.1.1Theanti-dopingruleviolationdoesnotinvolveaSpecifiedSubstance,unless the Athlete or other Person can establish that the anti-doping ruleviolationwasnotintentional.10.2.1.2Theanti-dopingruleviolationinvolvesaSpecifiedSubstanceandITUcanestablishthattheanti-dopingruleviolationwasintentional.

10.2.2IfArticle10.2.1doesnotapply,theperiodofIneligibilityshallbetwoyears.10.2.3AsusedinArticles10.2and10.3,theterm“intentional”ismeanttoidentifythoseAthleteswhocheat.ThetermthereforerequiresthattheAthleteorotherPersonengagedinconductwhichheorsheknewconstitutedananti-dopingruleviolationorknewthattherewasasignificantriskthattheconductmightconstituteorresultinan anti-doping rule violation andmanifestlydisregarded that risk. An anti-dopingruleviolationresultingfromanAdverseAnalyticalFindingforasubstancewhichisonlyprohibitedIn-CompetitionshallberebuttablypresumedtobenotintentionalifthesubstanceisaSpecifiedSubstanceandtheAthletecanestablishthattheProhibitedSubstancewasUsedOut-of-Competition.Ananti-dopingruleviolationresultingfromanAdverseAnalyticalFindingforasubstancewhichisonlyprohibitedIn-CompetitionshallnotbeconsideredintentionalifthesubstanceisnotaSpecifiedSubstanceandtheAthletecanestablishthattheProhibitedSubstancewasUsedOut-of-Competitioninacontextunrelatedtosportperformance.


10.3 IneligibilityforOtherAnti-DopingRuleViolationsTheperiodofIneligibilityforanti-dopingruleviolationsotherthanasprovidedinArticle10.2shallbeasfollows,unlessArticles10.5or10.6areapplicable:

10.3.1ForviolationsofArticle2.3orArticle2.5,theperiodofIneligibilityshallbefouryearsunless,inthecaseoffailingtosubmittoSamplecollection,theAthletecanestablishthatthecommissionoftheanti-dopingruleviolationwasnotintentional(asdefinedinArticle10.2.3),inwhichcasetheperiodofIneligibilityshallbetwoyears.10.3.2 For violationsofArticle2.4, theperiodof Ineligibility shall be twoyears,subject to reduction down to aminimum of one year, depending on theAthlete’sdegreeofFault.TheflexibilitybetweentwoyearsandoneyearofIneligibilityinthisArticle is not available to Athletes where a pattern of last-minute whereaboutschangesorother conduct raisesa serious suspicion that theAthletewas trying toavoidbeingavailableforTesting.10.3.3 For violations of Article2.7 or 2.8, the period of Ineligibility shall be aminimumoffouryearsuptolifetimeIneligibility,dependingontheseriousnessoftheviolation.AnArticle2.7orArticle2.8violationinvolvingaMinorshallbeconsideredaparticularly serious violation and, if committedbyAthlete SupportPersonnel forviolationsotherthanforSpecifiedSubstances,shallresultinlifetimeIneligibilityforAthleteSupportPersonnel.Inaddition,significantviolationsofArticle2.7or2.8whichmay also violate non-sporting laws and regulations, shall be reported to thecompetentadministrative,professionalorjudicialauthorities.

10.3.4 For violationsofArticle2.9, theperiodof Ineligibility imposed shall be aminimum of two years, up to four years, depending on the seriousness of theviolation.10.3.5 ForviolationsofArticle2.10,theperiodofIneligibilityshallbetwoyears,subject toreductiondowntoaminimumofoneyear,dependingontheAthleteorotherPerson’sdegreeofFaultandothercircumstancesofthecase.

10.4 EliminationofthePeriodofIneligibilitywherethereisNoFaultorNegligenceIfanAthleteorotherPersonestablishesinanindividualcasethatheorshebearsNoFaultorNegligence,thentheotherwiseapplicableperiodofIneligibilityshallbeeliminated.10.5 ReductionofthePeriodofIneligibilitybasedonNoSignificantFaultorNegligence

10.5.1ReductionofSanctionsforSpecifiedSubstancesorContaminatedProductsforViolationsofArticle2.1,2.2or2.6.

10.5.1.1SpecifiedSubstancesWheretheanti-dopingruleviolationinvolvesaSpecifiedSubstance,andtheAthleteorotherPersoncanestablishNoSignificantFaultorNegligence,thentheperiodofIneligibilityshallbe,ataminimum,areprimandandnoperiod


ofIneligibility,andatamaximum,twoyearsofIneligibility,dependingontheAthlete’sorotherPerson’sdegreeofFault.10.5.1.2ContaminatedProductsIncaseswheretheAthleteorotherPersoncanestablishNoSignificantFaultor Negligence and that the detected Prohibited Substance came from aContaminatedProduct,thentheperiodofIneligibilityshallbe,ataminimum,a reprimand and no period of Ineligibility, and at a maximum, two yearsIneligibility,dependingontheAthlete’sorotherPerson’sdegreeofFault.

10.5.2 ApplicationofNoSignificantFaultorNegligencebeyondtheApplicationofArticle10.5.1IfanAthleteorotherPersonestablishesinanindividualcasewhereArticle10.5.1isnotapplicablethatheorshebearsNoSignificantFaultorNegligence,then,subjecttofurtherreductionoreliminationasprovidedinArticle10.6,theotherwiseapplicableperiodofIneligibilitymaybereducedbasedontheAthleteorotherPerson’sdegreeofFault, but the reduced period of Ineligibilitymay not be less than one-half of theperiod of Ineligibility otherwise applicable. If the otherwise applicable period ofIneligibility isa lifetime,thereducedperiodunderthisArticlemaybenolessthaneightyears.

10.6 Elimination, Reduction, or Suspension of Period of Ineligibility or otherConsequencesforReasonsOtherthanFault

10.6.1 Substantial Assistance in Discovering or Establishing Anti-Doping RuleViolations

10.6.1.1ITUmay,priortoafinalappellatedecisionunderArticle13ortheexpirationofthetimetoappeal,suspendapartoftheperiodofIneligibilityimposedinanindividualcaseinwhichithasresultsmanagementauthoritywheretheAthleteorotherPersonhasprovidedSubstantialAssistancetoanAnti-Doping Organization, criminal authority or professional disciplinarybody which results in: (i) the Anti-Doping Organization discovering orbringing forward an anti-doping rule violation by another Person, or (ii)which results in a criminal or disciplinary body discovering or bringingforwardacriminaloffenseorthebreachofprofessionalrulescommittedbyanother Person and the information provided by the Person providingSubstantialAssistanceismadeavailabletoITU.AfterafinalappellatedecisionunderArticle13ortheexpirationoftimetoappeal,ITUmayonlysuspendapartof theotherwiseapplicableperiodof Ineligibilitywith theapprovalofWADA. The extent towhich the otherwise applicableperiodof Ineligibilitymaybesuspendedshallbebasedontheseriousnessoftheanti-dopingruleviolationcommittedbytheAthleteorotherPersonandthesignificanceoftheSubstantialAssistanceprovidedbytheAthleteorotherPersontotheefforttoeliminate doping in sport. Nomore than three-quarters of the otherwiseapplicable period of Ineligibility may be suspended. If the otherwiseapplicableperiodofIneligibilityisalifetime,thenon-suspendedperiodunder


thisArticlemustbenolessthaneightyears.IftheAthleteorotherPersonfailstocontinuetocooperateandtoprovidethecompleteandcredibleSubstantialAssistanceuponwhichasuspensionoftheperiodofIneligibilitywasbased,ITU shall reinstate the original period of Ineligibility. If ITU decides toreinstate a suspended period of Ineligibility or decides not to reinstate asuspendedperiodofIneligibility,thatdecisionmaybeappealedbyanyPersonentitledtoappealunderArticle13.10.6.1.2 To further encourage Athletes and other Persons to provideSubstantialAssistancetoAnti-DopingOrganizations,attherequestofITUorattherequestoftheAthleteorotherPersonwhohas(orhasbeenassertedtohave)committedananti-dopingruleviolation,WADAmayagreeatanystageoftheresultsmanagementprocess,includingafterafinalappellatedecisionunderArticle13,towhatitconsiderstobeanappropriatesuspensionoftheotherwise-applicable period of Ineligibility and other Consequences. Inexceptionalcircumstances,WADAmayagreetosuspensionsoftheperiodofIneligibility and otherConsequences for Substantial Assistance greater thanthose otherwise provided in this Article, or even no period of Ineligibility,and/or no return of prize money or payment of fines or costs. WADA’sapprovalshallbesubjecttoreinstatementofsanction,asotherwiseprovidedinthisArticle.NotwithstandingArticle13,WADA’sdecisionsinthecontextofthisArticlemaynotbeappealedbyanyotherAnti-DopingOrganization.10.6.1.3IfITUsuspendsanypartofanotherwiseapplicablesanctionbecauseofSubstantialAssistance,thennoticeprovidingjustificationforthedecisionshallbeprovidedtotheotherAnti-DopingOrganizationswitharighttoappealunder Article 13.2.3 as provided in Article 14.2. In unique circumstanceswhereWADAdeterminesthatitwouldbeinthebestinterestofanti-doping,WADA may authorize ITU to enter into appropriate confidentialityagreementslimitingordelayingthedisclosureoftheSubstantialAssistanceagreementorthenatureofSubstantialAssistancebeingprovided.

10.6.2AdmissionofanAnti-DopingRuleViolationintheAbsenceofOtherEvidenceWhereanAthleteorotherPersonvoluntarilyadmitsthecommissionofananti-dopingrule violation before having received notice of a Sample collection which couldestablishananti-dopingruleviolation(or,inthecaseofananti-dopingruleviolationotherthanArticle2.1,beforereceivingfirstnoticeoftheadmittedviolationpursuanttoArticle7)andthatadmissionistheonlyreliableevidenceoftheviolationatthetimeofadmission,thentheperiodofIneligibilitymaybereduced,butnotbelowone-halfoftheperiodofIneligibilityotherwiseapplicable.

10.6.3PromptAdmissionofanAnti-DopingRuleViolationafterbeingConfrontedwithaViolationSanctionableunderArticle10.2.1orArticle10.3.1AnAthleteorotherPersonpotentiallysubjecttoafour-yearsanctionunderArticle10.2.1or10.3.1(forevadingorrefusingSampleCollectionorTamperingwithSampleCollection),bypromptlyadmittingtheassertedanti-dopingruleviolationafterbeingconfrontedbyITUandalsoupontheapprovalandatthediscretionofbothWADAand


ITU,mayreceiveareductionintheperiodofIneligibilitydowntoaminimumoftwoyears,dependingontheseriousnessoftheviolationandtheAthleteorotherPerson’sdegreeofFault.10.6.4ApplicationofMultipleGroundsforReductionofaSanctionWhereanAthlete orotherPerson establishes entitlement to reduction in sanctionundermore than one provision of Article 10.4, 10.5 or 10.6, before applying anyreduction or suspension under Article 10.6, the otherwise applicable period ofIneligibilityshallbedeterminedinaccordancewithArticles10.2,10.3,10.4,and10.5.IftheAthleteorotherPersonestablishesentitlementtoareductionorsuspensionoftheperiodofIneligibilityunderArticle10.6, thentheperiodofIneligibilitymaybereducedorsuspended,butnotbelowone-fourthoftheotherwiseapplicableperiodofIneligibility.

10.7 MultipleViolations

10.7.1ForanAthleteorotherPerson’ssecondanti-dopingruleviolation,theperiodofIneligibilityshallbethegreaterof:

(a) sixmonths;(b) one-halfoftheperiodofIneligibilityimposedforthefirstanti-dopingruleviolationwithouttakingintoaccountanyreductionunderArticle10.6;or(c) twice the period of Ineligibility otherwise applicable to the secondanti-dopingruleviolationtreatedasifitwereafirstviolation,withouttakingintoaccountanyreductionunderArticle10.6.

The period of Ineligibility established abovemay then be further reduced by theapplicationofArticle10.6.10.7.2 Athirdanti-dopingruleviolationwillalwaysresult ina lifetimeperiodofIneligibility, except if the third violation fulfills the condition for elimination orreduction of the period of Ineligibility under Article 10.4 or 10.5, or involves aviolationofArticle2.4. In theseparticularcases, theperiodof Ineligibility shallbefromeightyearstolifetimeIneligibility.10.7.3 An anti-doping rule violation for which an Athlete or other Person hasestablished No Fault or Negligence shall not be considered a prior violation forpurposesofthisArticle.10.7.4AdditionalRulesforCertainPotentialMultipleViolations

10.7.4.1 For purposes of imposing sanctions under Article 10.7, an anti-doping ruleviolationwill onlybe considereda secondviolation if ITUcanestablishthattheAthleteorotherPersoncommittedthesecondanti-dopingruleviolationafter theAthleteorotherPerson receivednoticepursuant toArticle7,orafterITUmadereasonableeffortstogivenoticeofthefirstanti-


doping rule violation. If ITU cannot establish this, the violations shall beconsidered togetherasonesingle firstviolation,and thesanction imposedshallbebasedontheviolationthatcarriesthemoreseveresanction.10.7.4.2 If, after the imposition of a sanction for a first anti-doping ruleviolation, ITUdiscovers facts involvingananti-dopingruleviolationbytheAthleteorotherPersonwhichoccurredpriortonotificationregardingthefirstviolation,thenITUshallimposeanadditionalsanctionbasedonthesanctionthatcouldhavebeenimposedifthetwoviolationshadbeenadjudicatedatthe same time. Results in all Competitions dating back to the earlier anti-dopingruleviolationwillbeDisqualifiedasprovidedinArticle10.8.

10.7.5MultipleAnti-DopingRuleViolationsduringTen-YearPeriodForpurposesofArticle10.7,eachanti-dopingruleviolationmusttakeplacewithinthesameten-yearperiodinordertobeconsideredmultipleviolations.

10.8 DisqualificationofResultsinCompetitionsSubsequenttoSampleCollectionorCommissionofanAnti-DopingRuleViolationInadditiontotheautomaticDisqualificationoftheresultsintheCompetitionwhichproducedthepositiveSampleunderArticle9,allothercompetitiveresultsoftheAthleteobtainedfromthedateapositiveSamplewascollected(whetherIn-CompetitionorOut-of-Competition),orother anti-doping rule violation occurred, through the commencement of anyProvisionalSuspension or Ineligibility period, shall, unless fairness requiresotherwise, beDisqualifiedwithalloftheresultingConsequencesincludingforfeitureofanymedals,pointsandprizes.

10.9 AllocationofCASCostAwardsandForfeitedPrizeMoney

The priority for repayment ofCAS cost awards and forfeited prizemoney shall be: first,payment of costs awarded byCAS; second, reallocation of forfeited prizemoney to otherAthletes;andthird,reimbursementoftheexpensesofITU

10.10 FinancialConsequences

Where an Athlete or other Person commits an anti-doping rule violation, ITU’sExecutiveBoardmay,initsdiscretionandsubjecttotheprincipleofproportionality,elect toa)recover fromtheAthleteorotherPersoncostsassociatedwiththeanti-dopingruleviolation,regardlessoftheperiodofIneligibilityimposedand/orb)finetheAthleteorotherPersoninanamountupto$2000U.S.Dollars,onlyincaseswherethemaximumperiodofIneligibilityotherwiseapplicablehasalreadybeenimposed.The imposition of a financial sanction or the ITU's recovery of costs shall not beconsidered a basis for reducing the Ineligibility or other sanction which wouldotherwisebeapplicableundertheseAnti-DopingRulesortheCode.

10.11 CommencementofIneligibilityPeriod


Exceptasprovidedbelow,theperiodofIneligibilityshallstartonthedateofthefinalhearingdecisionprovidingforIneligibilityor,ifthehearingiswaivedorthereisnohearing,onthedateIneligibilityisacceptedorotherwiseimposed.

10.11.1DelaysNotAttributabletotheAthleteorotherPersonWheretherehavebeensubstantialdelaysinthehearingprocessorotheraspectsofDoping Control not attributable to theAthlete or other Person, ITUmay start theperiodofIneligibilityatanearlierdatecommencingasearlyasthedateofSamplecollectionorthedateonwhichanotheranti-dopingruleviolationlastoccurred.AllcompetitiveresultsachievedduringtheperiodofIneligibility,includingretroactiveIneligibility,shallbeDisqualified.

10.11.2TimelyAdmissionWheretheAthleteorotherPersonpromptly(which,inallevents,foranAthletemeansbeforetheAthletecompetesagain)admitstheanti-dopingruleviolationafterbeingconfrontedwiththeanti-dopingruleviolationbyITU,theperiodofIneligibilitymaystartasearlyasthedateofSamplecollectionorthedateonwhichanotheranti-dopingruleviolationlastoccurred.Ineachcase,however,wherethisArticleisapplied,theAthleteorotherPersonshallserveatleastone-halfoftheperiodofIneligibilitygoingforward from the date the Athlete or other Person accepted the imposition of asanction,thedateofahearingdecisionimposingasanction,orthedatethesanctionisotherwiseimposed.ThisArticleshallnotapplywheretheperiodofIneligibilityhasalreadybeenreducedunderArticle10.6.3.

10.11.3CreditforProvisionalSuspensionorPeriodofIneligibilityServed

10.11.3.1 If aProvisional Suspension is imposed and respected by theAthleteorotherPerson,thentheAthleteorotherPersonshallreceiveacreditfor such period ofProvisional Suspension against any period of Ineligibilitywhichmayultimatelybeimposed.IfaperiodofIneligibilityisservedpursuanttoadecisionthatissubsequentlyappealed,thentheAthleteorotherPersonshallreceiveacreditforsuchperiodofIneligibilityservedagainstanyperiodofIneligibilitywhichmayultimatelybeimposedonappeal.

10.11.3.2 If an Athlete or other Person voluntarily accepts a ProvisionalSuspension in writing from ITU and thereafter respects the ProvisionalSuspension,theAthleteorotherPersonshallreceiveacreditforsuchperiodofvoluntaryProvisionalSuspensionagainstanyperiodofIneligibilitywhichmayultimately be imposed. A copy of the Athlete or other Person’s voluntaryacceptance of aProvisional Suspension shall be provided promptly to eachpartyentitledtoreceivenoticeofanassertedanti-dopingruleviolationunderArticle14.1.

10.11.3.3NocreditagainstaperiodofIneligibilityshallbegivenforanytimeperiod before the effective date of theProvisional Suspension or voluntaryProvisional Suspension regardless of whether the Athlete elected not tocompeteorwassuspendedbyhisorherteam.


10.11.3.4 InTeamSports,whereaperiodofIneligibility isimposeduponateam,unlessfairnessrequiresotherwise,theperiodofIneligibilityshallstarton thedateof the finalhearingdecisionproviding for Ineligibilityor, if thehearingiswaived,onthedateIneligibilityisacceptedorotherwiseimposed.AnyperiodofteamProvisionalSuspension(whetherimposedorvoluntarilyaccepted)shallbecreditedagainstthetotalperiodofIneligibilitytobeserved.

10.12 StatusDuringIneligibility

10.12.1ProhibitionAgainstParticipationDuringIneligibilityNoAthleteorotherPersonwhohasbeendeclaredIneligiblemay,duringtheperiodofIneligibility, participate in any capacity in a Competition or activity (other thanauthorized anti-doping education or rehabilitation programs) authorized ororganizedbyITUoranyNationalFederationoracluborothermemberorganizationofITUoranyNationalFederation,orinCompetitionsauthorizedororganizedbyanyprofessionalleagueoranyinternationalornationallevelEventorganizationoranyeliteornational-levelsportingactivityfundedbyagovernmentalagency.AnAthleteorotherPersonsubjecttoaperiodofIneligibilitylongerthanfouryearsmay,aftercompletingfouryearsoftheperiodofIneligibility,participateasanAthletein local sport eventsnot sanctionedor otherwiseunder the jurisdictionof aCodeSignatoryormemberofaCodeSignatory,butonlysolongasthelocalsporteventisnotata level thatcouldotherwisequalifysuchAthleteorotherPersondirectlyorindirectlytocompetein(oraccumulatepointstoward)anationalchampionshiporInternationalEvent,anddoesnotinvolvetheAthleteorotherPersonworkinginanycapacitywithMinors.AnAthleteorotherPersonsubjecttoaperiodofIneligibilityshallremainsubjecttoTesting.

10.12.2ReturntoTrainingAsanexceptiontoArticle10.12.1,anAthletemayreturntotrainwithateamortousethefacilitiesofacluborothermemberorganizationofITU’smemberorganizationduringtheshorterof:(1)thelasttwomonthsoftheAthlete’speriodofIneligibility,or(2)thelastone-quarteroftheperiodofIneligibilityimposed.

10.12.3ViolationoftheProhibitionofParticipationDuringIneligibilityWhere an Athlete or other Person who has been declared Ineligible violates theprohibition against participation during Ineligibility described in Article 10.12.1, theresultsofsuchparticipationshallbeDisqualifiedandanewperiodofIneligibilityequalinlengthuptotheoriginalperiodofIneligibilityshallbeaddedtotheendoftheoriginalperiod of Ineligibility. The new period of Ineligibility may be adjusted based on theAthlete or other Person’s degree of Fault and other circumstances of the case. ThedeterminationofwhetheranAthleteorotherPersonhasviolatedtheprohibitionagainstparticipation, andwhether an adjustment is appropriate, shall bemadeby theAnti-


Doping Organization whose resultsmanagement led to the imposition of the initialperiodofIneligibility.ThisdecisionmaybeappealedunderArticle13.Where anAthlete Support Person or otherPerson assists aPerson in violating theprohibitionagainstparticipationduringIneligibility,ITUshallimposesanctionsforaviolationofArticle2.9forsuchassistance.

10.12.4WithholdingofFinancialSupportduringIneligibilityIn addition, for any anti-doping rule violation not involving a reduced sanction asdescribedinArticle10.4or10.5,someorallsport-relatedfinancialsupportorothersport-relatedbenefitsreceivedbysuchPersonwillbewithheldbyITUanditsNationalFederations.

10.13 AutomaticPublicationofSanctionAmandatorypartofeachsanctionshallincludeautomaticpublication,asprovidedinArticle14.3.

ARTICLE11 CONSEQUENCESTOTEAMS

11.1 TestingofTeamsWhereonememberofateam(outsideofTeamSports)hasbeennotifiedofananti-dopingruleviolationunderArticle7inconnectionwithanEvent,therulingbodyfortheEventshallconductappropriateTargetTestingofallmembersoftheteamduringtheEventPeriod.11.2 ConsequencesforTeams

11.2.1An anti-doping rule violation committed by a member of a relay team inconnectionwithanIn-CompetitiontestautomaticallyleadstoDisqualificationoftheresultobtainedbytheteaminthatCompetition,withallresultingconsequencesfortheteamanditsmembers,includingforfeitureofanymedals,pointsandprizes.11.2.2An anti-doping rule violation committed by a member of a relay teamoccurringduringorinconnectionwithanEventmayleadtoDisqualificationofalloftheresultsobtainedbytheteaminthatEventwithallconsequencesfortheteamanditsmembers,includingforfeitureofallmedals,pointsandprizes,exceptasprovidedinArticle11.2.3.11.2.3WhereanAthletewhoisamemberofarelayteamcommittedananti-dopingruleviolationduringorinconnectionwithoneCompetitioninanEvent,iftheothermember(s)oftheteamestablish(es)thathe/she/theybear(s)NoFaultorNegligenceforthatviolation,theresultsoftheteaminanyotherCompetition(s)inthatEventshallnotbeDisqualifiedunlesstheresultsoftheteamintheCompetition(s)otherthantheCompetitioninwhichtheanti-dopingruleviolationoccurredwerelikelytohavebeenaffectedbytheAthlete'santi-dopingruleviolation.

ARTICLE12 SANCTIONSANDCOSTSASSESSEDAGAINSTSPORTINGBODIES


12.1 TheITUExecutiveBoardorotherrelevantITUmandateddisciplinarybodyhastheauthority to withhold some or all funding or other non-financial support to NationalFederationsthatarenotincompliancewiththeseAnti-DopingRules.12.2 NationalFederationsmaybeobligatedtoreimburseITUforallcosts(includingbutnotlimitedtolaboratoryfees,expertfees,hearingexpensesandtravel)relatedtoaviolationof these Anti-Doping Rules committed by an Athlete or other Person affiliated with thatNationalFederation.12.3 The ITU Executive Board may elect to take additional disciplinary action againstNationalFederationswithrespecttorecognition,theeligibilityofitsofficialsandAthletestoparticipateinInternationalEventsandfinesbasedonthefollowing:

12.3.1 Fourormoreviolationsof theseAnti-DopingRules(otherthanviolationsinvolvingArticle 2.4) are committed byAthletes or otherPersons affiliatedwith aNationalFederationwithina12-monthperiodinTestingconductedbyITUorAnti-DopingOrganizationsotherthantheNationalFederationoritsNationalAnti-DopingOrganization. InsucheventITU’sExecutiveBoardorotherrelevantITUmandateddisciplinarybodymayinitsdiscretionandsubjecttoBoardapprovalelectto:(a)banallofficialsfromthatNationalFederationforparticipationinanyITUactivitiesforaperiodofuptotwoyearsand/or(b)finetheNationalFederationinanamountupto$10000U.S.Dollars.(ForpurposesofthisRule,anyfinepaidpursuanttoRule12.3.2shallbecreditedagainstanyfineassessed.)

12.3.1.1 If fourormoreviolationsof theseAnti-DopingRules(otherthanviolationsinvolvingArticles2.4)arecommittedinadditiontotheviolationsdescribed in Article 12.3.1 by Athletes or other Persons affiliated with aNationalFederationwithina12-monthperiodinTestingconductedbyITUorAnti-DopingOrganizationsotherthantheNationalFederationoritsNationalAnti-DopingOrganization,thenITU’sExecutiveBoardorotherrelevantITUmandated disciplinary body may upon approval suspend that NationalFederation’smembershipforaperiodofupto4years.

12.3.2MorethanoneAthleteorotherPersonfromaNationalFederationcommitsananti-doping rule violation during an International Event. In such event ITU’sExecutive Board orother relevant ITUmandated disciplinary bodymay fine thatNationalFederationinanamountupto$5000U.S.Dollars.12.3.3 ANational Federation has failed tomakediligent efforts to keep the ITUinformed about an Athlete's whereabouts after receiving a request for thatinformation from ITU. In such event ITU’s

international triathlon union (itu) · 2019. 1. 30. · itu anti-doping rules 2019 3 introduction...

Documents