international standards and the international labour organisation
TRANSCRIPT
International Standards
and the
International Labour Organisation
Industrial Revolution …. World War 1 …Industrial Revolution …. World War 1 …Industrialised Countries … Poor working Industrialised Countries … Poor working conditions … High rates of unemployment … :conditions … High rates of unemployment … :
Constitution of the Constitution of the ILOILO (1919)(1919)
Set up for:-Set up for:-
History and Goals of the ILOHistory and Goals of the ILO
Humanitarian reasons Political reasons Economic reasons
The Golden Age of Standard Setting The Golden Age of Standard Setting
The International Labour Organisation
and their
Safe Work
philosophy
•Stress•Ageing workforce•Right to know•Chemicals•Ergonomics•Management and safety culture•Occupational health services•New technologies•etc.
Safe Work – Priorities in Industrialised Countries
Safe Work - Priorities in Developing Countries
•Agriculture•Other dangerous occupations•Major accidents and fires•Safety, housekeeping and productivity•Silicosis - work related diseases•Vulnerable groups, child workers•Transfer of technology•etc.
• At enterprise level:
ILO-OSH 2001“Guidelines on Occupational Safety and Health Management Systems”
• At national level:
National OSH Programme
Management systemManagement systemapproachapproach
ClassicalClassicalapproachapproach
ILO Standards (Conventions, Recommendations, Codes of Practice) ratified, adapted into national regulation
Enforcement and advisory services by Labour Inspection
Knowledge: information services and research
Advocacy: training, promotion, partnerships
Alliances, technical cooperation and twinning, and resource mobilization
ILO Strategies
• Reliable and valid
• Easily available• Easily
comprehensible• Demonstrative• Instructive
• Part of an integrated approach towards better OSH
• Stimulate action for improvement
• Indicate strong/weak points of national OSH system
• Assist in setting priorities for action
• Used for follow up
National IndicatorsNational Indicators National OSH ProgrammeNational OSH ProgrammeCountry ProfileCountry Profile
ILO - National Indicators
Should be:-
National IndicatorsNational Indicators National OSH ProgrammeNational OSH ProgrammeCountry ProfileCountry Profile
• Standards should be prepared at country level
• Include basic data on all parameters with influence on OSH management at national and enterprise level
• Provide practical information on ongoing activities at country level
• Enable the country to identify gaps in the legal, institutional, administrative and technical infrastructure related to the management of OSH
• Provide means for improved coordination among all parties interested in OSH
ILO - Country profile
Occupational Safety and Health Standards
Conventions and Recommendations
• The development and implementation of international standards on labour and social matters is a key function of the International Labour Organisation
• The standards take the form of Conventions and Recommendations.
• More than 70 address occupational safety and health matters.
Conventions
• Conventions are comparable to multilateral international treaties: – they are open to ratification by member
States – once ratified, create specific, binding
obligations. • A State that has ratified a Convention is
expected to apply its provisions by legislation or by other appropriate means
• The Government is required to report regularly on the application of ratified Conventions.
• Conventions that have not been ratified have the same value as Recommendations.
Recommendations
• Recommendations offer guidelines for action.
• A Recommendation may elaborate upon the
provisions of a Convention.
• Member States procedural obligations – to submit to legislative bodies – to report on the action resulting and to
report occasionally at the request of the Governing Body
• There are no specific substantive obligations
Summary on Conventions and Recommendations
• Both influence laws and regulations of member States.
• • Many texts have been modeled on the
relevant provisions of ILO instruments
• Drafts of new legislation or amendments are often prepared with ILO standards in mind so as to ensure compliance with ratified Conventions or to permit the ratification of other Conventions
Four categories of occupational safety and health standards
• Guiding policies for action. • Protection in given branches of economic
activity.
• Protection against specific risks.
• Measures of protection.
The Occupational Safety and Health Convention 1981 No. 155 and Recommendation (No. 164)
• Progressive application of comprehensive preventive measures
• Adoption of a coherent national policy on occupational safety and health.
• The responsibility of employers for making work and equipment safe and without risk to health
• The duties and rights of workers.
The Occupational Health Services Convention 1985 (No.161) and
Recommendation (No. 171)
• Occupational health services – preventive functions – responsible for advising employers,
workers and their representatives on maintaining a safe and health working environment,
– adaptation of work to the capabilities of workers.
• Emphasis – roles– best use of resources and cooperation