international road safety data, policy development and cooperation stephen perkins joint transport...
TRANSCRIPT
International Road Safety Data, Policy Development and Cooperation
Stephen Perkins
Joint Transport Research Centre
The International Transport Forum at the OECD
2
Think TankAnnual Summit
Intergovernmental Organisation
Outline
• Policy for accelerating reductions in deaths and serious injuries
• Targets and the importance of data and analysis
• International benchmarking and policy transfer
• UN Decade of Action
• Improving data on serious injuries
• Transfer of evaluation results
3
Road Safety PolicyTowards Zero: Ambitious Targets and the Safe System Approach
• Sweden and Netherlands have led the way
• Vision Zero and Sustainable Safety
• Inspiring long term vision to eliminate deaths and serious injuries
• Steady progress through interim targets based on funded interventions
• Netherlands targets 2020:– Deaths < 500
– Serious injuries < 10 600
4
Reduction in Fatalities: Change 2010/2001
5
6
Killed per 100 000 IRTAD countries 2010
7
Killed per Billion Vehicle km 2010
Ingredients for successreported by countries
• Active and passive safety of vehicles– Passenger protection (EuroNCAP)
– Electronic Stability Control
• Speed management – Automatic speed cameras
– Section control
• Safer infrastructure– Expansion of Motorway network
– Median barriers
• Young drivers– Graduated licensing
• Legislation– Demerit point systems
– Random breath testing
– Lower BAC level for young and professional drivers
8
Policy context for success of the past decade
1. Political awareness– E.g.. President Chirac (France) in July 2002 ; Spain
2. Adoption of safe system approach principles– « Towards zero » progressively become the standard
– Sweden and NL were pioneers
3. Adoption of road safety targets– ECMT and EC (-50%) targets
– National targets
4. Regular monitoring
5. Road safety action plans
9
11 May 2011
The UN Decade of Action for Road Safety 2011-2020
UN Decade of Action
11
www.roadsafetyfund.org
United Nations Road Safety Collaboration www.who.int/roadsafety/en/index.html
- non monthly -
DECADE GLOBAL PLAN
Five pillars for a Safe Systems approach
Managing road safety
Safer User behaviour
SaferRoads & Mobility
Safer Vehicles
Post-crash response
www.who.int/roadsafety/decade_of_action/
UN Decade of Action
• UN Decade of Action Global Plan based on the safe system approach
• Five Pillars
13
Objectives:
•Maximise fundraising potential of the UN Decade of Action for Road Safety •Promote the Tag to generate funds from corporate and philanthropic sectors and public
Private sector engagement:
•Global Supporters donate $150,000 per year, minimum 3 years
- directed funding, to agreed project
- undirected donation
•Supporters can join for $15,000 a year
Safe road infrastructure assessments in more than 60 countries.
Motorcycle safety campaigns and ‘helmets for kids’ in Vietnam and Cambodia
19
Research Collaboration to Benefit Safety of all Road Users
IRTAD: International Traffic Safety Data and Analysis Group
• Mission– High standard road safety database
– Analysis of data with peers
– Network for road safety data and analysis professionals
• Expert working group– Under the umbrella of ITF and OECD
– Funded separately by subscription from members
21
60 Members 33 Countries
Knowledge transfer: IRTAD Twinning Projects
• Objective to progressively expand geographical coverage, while keeping a high quality database
• Twinning : Existing Member + LMIC:– Audit of national crash data system: collection and analysis
– Training focused on specific
– Regular exchanges of staff over 3 years
• Argentina – Spain: – After one year, adoption in almost all Provinces of a common crash data
form
• Cambodia – Netherlands – Linking Police and Hospital Data
– Target seting for 2011-2020 road safety strategy
• Funding through voluntary contributions – MOU with the World Bank
– FIA Foundation
– IADB, Others
22
Ibero American Road Safety Observatory
• Following the succesful twinning between Argentina – Spain
• Creation of the Ibero American Road Safety Observatory (OISEVI):
– Launched by 18 countries in March 2012
• IRTAD LAC database with a Spanish interface
• Objective: learning tool and progressive inclusion in IRTAD
23
IRTAD MEMBER COUNTRIES
IRTAD-LAC
25
The Serious Injury Problem
26
2010 France Germany
Fatalities 3 992 3 648
Hospitalised 30 393 62 620
Injured 84 461 371 170
x 2
x 4
• Why slower progress?
• Can we trust the data?
We need better injury record systems
• To assess the real number of serious injuries – Real costs of road crashes
• To understand the consequences of different crash types
• To design adequate countermeasures to reduce serious injures
27
Reporting injuries: IRTAD recommendations
28
• Complement police data with hospital data
• Medics not police to assess severity of injuries
• Classify injuries to international standards
– Maximum Abbreviated Injury Scale (MAIS)
• Link police and hospital data
– Deterministic and probabilistic methods exist
• Agree an international definition of serious injuries for research and benchmarking Define ‘seriously injured road casualty’ as injuries assessed at level 3 or more on the Maximum Abbreviated Injury Scale “MAIS3+”
MAIS3+
29
Region Injury description Abbreviated Injury Scale
Head and Neck Cerebral contusion 3
Face No injury 0
Chest Flail chest 4
Abdomen Minor contusion of liver
Complex rupture of spleen
2
5
Extremity Fractured femur 3
External No injury 0
MAXIMUM 5
Report: http://www.internationaltransportforum.org/irtadpublic/pdf/Road-Casualties-Web.pdf
Example
New Collaborative Road Safety Research
• Cycling Safety
• Motorcycling Safety
• Implementing the Safe System Approach
30
Sharing Road SafetyDeveloping an International Framework for Crash Modification Functions
Road safety policy is increasingly dependent on sound indicators of the effectiveness of countermeasures - CMFs are fundamental
Prospect of rapid advances and major cost savings through the transfer of results internationally
Transferability relies on analysing the extent to which a CMF is dependent on the circumstances in which it was developed
Variability in CMF research results is a major deterrent to transferability - can be reduced by making the CMF a function of the relevant circumstances
31
Recommendations
Road safety policies should undergo performance and efficiency evaluation - cannot be undertaken without CMFs
Follow the guidance in the report and provide information on essential reporting elements
Coordination of research on priority countermeasures should be considered within an international group (TRB, PIARC, other)
Transnational database is needed for CMFs
A concerted effort should be made to publicize benefits of decision-making based on CMFs
32
Conclusions
• Safe system principles standard for developing road safety policies.
• Implies a long term vision that no one killed or seriously injured.
• And interim targets based on modelled impact of measures adopted.
• Modelling impacts needs reliable crash modification functions.
• Needs good data and analysis, including injury data.
• Police and hosptial data are complementary and can be usefully linked.
• International definition of serious injury is needed - MAIS 3+ should be considered.
• International benchmarking and knowledge transfer important – enhanced opportunities in Decade of Action.
33
