Jürg M. Matter

Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, The Earth Institute at Columbia University

October 29, 2008

International Research Programs on

CCS in Iceland & India

Iceland

Parana

Siberia

Ethiopia

Deccan Traps

CO2 Fixation into Basalt – CarbFix Project, Iceland

Reykjavik

CarbFix Test Site

www.carbfix.com

-> in-situ mineral carbonation

+ CO2(aq) =

Calcium -

Magnesium

Silicate

Rock

+Dissolved

CO2

= (Ca, Mg,

Fe)

Carbonate

Basalt contains about 10 wt% CaO, 5-6 wt% MgO, and 7-

10 wt% FeO

Mineral name Tons required to sequester 1 ton of

carbon

Forsterite (Mg2SiO4) 5.68b

Serpentine (Mg3Si2O5(OH)4) 7.69b

Ca-Plagioclase (CaAl2Si2O8) 23.11a

Wollastonite (CaSiO3) 9.68a

Basaltic glass

(Na0.98K0.008Fe(II)0.17Mg0.28Ca0.26Al0.

36Fe(III)0.02SiTi0.02O3.45

8.76c

Mineral Source

acalcite; bmagnesite; ccalcite&magnesite&siderite (Oelkers et al. 2008)

Mineral name Mass produced per

ton of carbon (ton)

Volume produced per

ton of carbon (m3)

Calcite 8.34 3.08

Magnesite 7.02 2.36

Dawsonite 12.00 4.95

Siderite 9.65 2.49

Ankerite 8.60 2.81

Mineral Products

(Oelkers et al. 2008)

Magmatic CO2 Source

Target depth for

CO2 storage

Natural CO2 Capture

(Wiese et al. 2006)

Geology

Simplified North-South Stratigraphical Section

(Alfredsson et al. 2008)

The gas mixture: 0.5 % of the steam is geothermal gas

Gas mass%

CO2 83

H2S 16

CH4

N2 ~1

H2

~ 13 l/s of water to dissolve 1 kg/s CO2 at 25°C and 40 bar

~ 10 kg basalt to react with 1 kg/s CO2

Geothermal Gases

Total gas discharge Max dissolved gas liter of H20

g gas/sec g gas/kg H2O per sec

Geothermal gas 1000 5.05 198

Geothermal gas without H2990

a29.6 33.4

Pure CO2721

b59.8 12.1

from the gas phase

a Total gas discharge after H2 has been removed from the gas phase

b Total gas discharge after all gases except CO2 have been removed

The total water mass needed to dissolve all the gas for variable gas mixtures at 25 C and 40 bar assumingtotal gas discharge to be 1 kg gas/sec (Stefánsson and Fridriksson 2007)

2 monitoring wells1500 m downstream

2 monitoring wells2700 m downstream

Injection well

1 monitoring well 60 m downstream

Water

1 monitoring well 200 m downstream

Monitoring

Injection well:

CO2 fully dissolved in fresh

water, pH 3-4

Low pH: 3-4

Dissolution of basalt

release of Ca2+ and other ionsPrecipitation of carbonates

pH increases

• Reservoir may gradually clog up with calcite scaling

• Natural process in high-temperature systems

Conceptual Carbonation Model

Partners

Sponsors

Reykjavik Energy (Orkuveita Reykjavikur)

European Science Foundation

Private Sponsors

Initial Assessment of CCS Opportunities

in Andhra Pradesh, India

Aims

• Analyze suitable capture technologies (retrofitting)

and potential CO2 storage options for APGENCO’s

pilot IGCC power plant

• Site (reservoir) characterization at the power plant

location

• Analyze storage potential off-shore in the Bengal

Fan

APGENCO’s IGCC Power Plant

• 125 MW Integrated gasification combined cycle (IGCC)

power plant in Vijayawada

• Fluidized bed reactor from Bharat Heavy Electricals Ltd.

(BHEL), turbine technology from GE

• 1 boiler, two turbines (syngas, steam)

• 68 MW from syngas, 57 MW from steam

• Washed coal (3800-4400 GCV)

• 38% efficiency (projected)

• 850-900 tons of coal / day

• CO2 capture is not include

Geologic CO2 Storage in India

Holloway et al., 2008

Krishna-Godavari Basin

• Basin area

- 28,000 km2 onshore

- 145,000 km2 offshore

• Existing seismic data from ONGC:

- 2D 34,481 lkm onshore; 48,301 lkm offshore

- 3D 3051 km2 onshore; 9808 km2 offshore

• Exploration wells:

- 375 onshore

- 182 offshore

Krishna-Godavari Basin

Krishna-Godavari Basin

• U.S. Department of Energy, Asia-Pacific

Partnership

• Office of the Chief Minister of Andhra Pradesh

• Andhra Pradesh Power Generation Corporation

Limited (APGENCO)

• National Geophysical Research Institute,

Hyderabad (NGRI)

Organizations involved

THANK YOU