international projects on sustainable forest management

International projects on sustainable forest managementIssue 9 – February 2021

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GREETINGS

Dear Readers,

Our forests are immensely valuable to both humans and nature: They are climate protectors, home to countless animal and plant species and support the livelihood of millions of people. But the consequences of climate change, illegal logging and slash-and-burn agriculture pose a real threat to our forests. We must act together to protect them: from tropical forests to northern coniferous forest regions.

With our project letter on international sustainable forest management, we will therefore provide an insight into the countries in which our Ministry of Forests is actively working with interna-tional institutions. We will set out how we are supporting the creation of the necessary framework conditions for sustainable multifunctional forest management and afforestation, and how we are combating overexploitation and illegal logging.

The involvement of the local population and providing them with sources of income and food from the forest is always of highest priority. In Morocco, for example, we are leading the fight against illegal timber use and for the development of a modern, competitive and sustainable forestry sector.

To accomplish this, there is an urgent need for a wealth of expertise and a well-functioning forestry sector. Working together with international organisations and partners from scientific,

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GREETINGS

industrial and political fields, our ministry promotes the transfer of knowledge and networking with German forestry experts, international initiatives for education and training at all levels of organised forest management, as well as collaborations in research on sustainable forest management.

Through our numerous projects, we are making a substantial contribution to international sustainability goals and to the implementation of the United Nations Strategic Plan for Forests. But most importantly, we are intensifying and enhancing co-operation at expert level for the protection of forests worldwide. On the following pages, you will find some examples of our activities and our various projects.

Wishing you an enjoyable and informative read!

Best regards

Julia KlöcknerFederal Minister for Food and Agriculture

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CONTENTS

Contents

Greetings 2

Introduction 6

1 International forest policy 8

2 Sustainable forest management 12

3 Resilience and adaptation to climate change 16

4 Education and training for sustainable forest management 20

5 Network building and research 24

List of projects 28

Abbreviations 31

Imprint 32

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MAP OF BMEL INTERNATIONAL PROJECTS ON SUSTAINABLE FOREST MANAGEMENT

Cooperation projects with selected partner countries

Measures of projects with international organisations (pilot projects)

Bilateral and pilot projects

VietnamPhilippines

Laos

KyrgyzstanTajikistan

MyanmarThailand

Cambodia

Indonesia

Russia

Ukraine

SerbiaItaly

Morocco

Paraguay

Brazil

Ecuador

ZambiaTanzania

Kenya

ChinaJapan

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Introduction

Climate change, pest infestations and forest fires are natural occurrences that are currently putting the de-velopment of forests in Germany and worldwide under considerable pressure. In addition, societal demands on the numerous functions that forests serve are increas-ing. Forests not only provide a unique setting for rec-reation, but also bind carbon dioxide (CO2), protect the soil, filter our drinking water and continuously supply us with wood, a valuable, renewable raw material for material and energy use. They provide a basis for jobs and income, especially in rural regions. Forests around the world are a vital habitat for a wide range of animal and plant species, thus contributing to protecting and preserving biodiversity. Climate-adapted mixed forests are best suited to meet these requirements and with-stand global warming at the same time.

In Germany, these aspects are also taken into considera-tion in the area of forest management: The country pur-sues the principle of sustainable, multifunctional forest management, which has been proven in Germany and

has now also been established at the international level. This principle not also focuses on its primary goal of pre-serving the forests, but also on maintaining, safeguarding and fostering their efficiency and various functions for future generations. Optimising this requires a constant balance of interests. Without sustainable forest manage-ment in this broad sense, most of the forests cannot be conserved and protected in the long term.

To this end, the German Federal Ministry of Food and Agriculture (BMEL) finances a range of international projects that promote the global implementation of this proven principle.

Together with partner countries and partner institutes, the BMEL supports a variety of projects, including some that combat illegal logging and illegal timber trading, and disseminates knowledge and expertise in the ap-propriate, long-term use of forests worldwide through research, further education and continuing training measures.

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INTRODUCTION

Projects, which are often pilot schemes, are based on the principle of ‘conservation through use’. The findings and results are communicated via publications, work-shops and follow-on projects to enable as many people as possible to benefit.

On the project development and implementation side, BMEL receives technical and administrative support from the Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) GmbH, GFA Consulting Group GmbH, and the German Federal Office for Agriculture and Food (BLE). In addition to collaborating with inter-national organisations, the BMEL implements cooper-ation projects in the field of food and agriculture with selected partner countries as part of its bilateral cooper-ation programme.

www.bmel-kooperationsprogramm.de

Tree root in Surinam

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KOLUMNENTITEL

1 International forest policyIn addition to a local forest management, which is adapted to the respective conditions and requirements, national and international regulations and agreements are essential to conserving forests and their diverse functions and ensuring the sustainable use of their resources.

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Examples of such regulations and agreements at the international level include the Paris Climate Agree-ment, the Convention on Biological Diversity, the UN sustainability goals laid down in the ‘2030 Agenda’ and the United Nations Strategic Plan for Forests. There are also bilateral agreements in place, including the EU’s agreements with key supplier countries to combat illegal logging, as well as multilateral agreements, such as those signed by the seven European countries in the Amsterdam Partnership to promote deforestation-free supply chains for agricultural products such as palm oil, soya and cocoa.

BMEL coordinates the German Federal Govern-ment’s international forest policy; it is a member of a variety of international bodies concerned with this issue and is involved in negotiations. The aim of the German Government in this context is to work with its EU partners to make international processes more coherent and to harness potential synergies when implementing national obligations. Meeting of a working group of the United Forum

on Forests in New York

INTERNATIONAL FOREST POLICY

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The following projects contribute recent research findings to policymaking and help disseminate interna-tional goals and targets for forest conservation.

→ The BMEL engages in agricultural policy dialogues in bilateral exchanges with countries that are striving for reforms and want to be advised in certain areas. Within the scope of the German- Moroccan Dialogue on Agriculture and Forestry (DIAF), the BMEL supports the development of a modern, competitive and sustainable forestry sector with high legal added value. In line with the principle of “conservation through use”, the potential of natural forestry areas is thereby exploited to boost rural incomes in the long term. German-Moroccan Dialogue: Forestry Component

→ Financed by a trust fund with contributions from several European countries, forestry research findings are evaluated and presented to political decision-makers. Through events with high-ranking participants and publications on current issues in forest management, this supports political decision-making with sound scientific knowledge.

The fund is administered by the European Forest Institute (EFI). Multi Donor Trust Fund for Policy Support

→ Together with the Chinese forestry authorities, the BMEL supports the Forest Policy Facility (FPF) as part of the Sino-German Agricultural Centre (DCZ). The advisory services provided focus on the revision of key forest policy guidelines towards sustainable and multifunctional forest management. The aim here is also to rehabilitate the heavily overexploited low-biodiversity forests. A pilot project in Shanxi Province is developing recommendations in this respect, which the FDF will feed into the forest pol-icy reform process. A further focus is on promoting legal timber imports to China, in particular from tropical regions. China’s revised Forest Law, which came into force in 2020, facilitates close co-operation with the Chinese forestry authorities and has a positive impact on the re-orientation of China’s forest policy. Forest Policy Facility (FPF) China

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→ The International Tropical Timber Organization (ITTO) is an intergovernmental organisation focused on the sustainable management and conservation of tropical forests and the expansion and diversifi-cation of international trade in tropical timber from sustainably managed and legally harvested forests. The ITTO’s focus areas also include the promotion of small businesses and municipal forest management as well as the supply chain from sustainably and legally harvested timber to international buyers. The BMEL supports these efforts in various fields of action and various countries. Programme on Legal and Sustainable Supply Chains (LSSC) for Tropical Wood and Forest Products

Teak plantation in Vietnam

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KOLUMNENTITEL

2 Sustainable forest management The multifunctionality of forests can be preserved with sustainable management.

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Concepts and demonstration projects that promote and disseminate sustainable forest management measures are the focus of the following funded projects:

→ This project aims to facilitate the dissemination of agroforestry practices and increase the acceptance of agroforestry in the Eastern Province of Zambia through improved training and advisory services. The project thus makes an important contribution to raising the income of the rural population earned from agroforestry and increasing the number of trees managed by smallholder farmers. The BMEL’s partners are the Zambia Ministry of Agriculture and the Zambia Agricultural Research Institute (ZARI). Promotion of agroforestry for the production of wood and non-wood forest products in Zambia

→ Natural teak forests have been substantially deplet-ed due to overexploitation, agricultural expansion and shifting cultivation. In particular, old-growth high-quality teak stands are seriously endangered and at high risk of losing their high genetic diversity. The ITTO Teak Project assists governments, local communities and smallholder farmers to improve the sustainable management of teak and meet demand by breeding without overexploiting natural

teak stands. Establishing legal and sustainable tim-ber supply chains will improve the livelihood of lo-cal timber producers. The project has components in Myanmar, Thailand, Laos, Cambodia and Vietnam. The exchange, dialogue and cooperation between these countries are also important components of the activities. Enhancing Conservation and Sustainable Management of Teak Forests and Legal and Sustainable Wood Supply Chains in the Greater Mekong Subregion

Comparison of ungrazed and grazed areas in Tajikistan

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SUSTAINABLE FOREST MANAGEMENT

→ The juniper forests in the mountain regions of Central Asia play a very important role. Since the early 20th century, the proportion of wooded areas in Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan has decreased dramatically. Even the remaining juniper forest fragments are not being used sustainably. Together with local scientific partners in the two countries, the aim is to empower forest administrations and other stakeholders to improve their capacity to act. A study of the state and distribution of the forests based on satellite data serves as the foundation for the project. Balancing and Optimisation of the Multifunctional Use of Juniper Forests in Central Asia (JuniperCA)

Collecting tree stock data in a juniper forest in Tajikistan

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SUSTAINABLE FOREST MANAGEMENT

→ The basic concept of sustainable and multifunction-al forest management is taught using a demonstra-tion forest in China. The knowledge gained will help the partner organisation incorporate sustainable and multifunctional forest management guidelines into national forest regulations and laws. The project activities include developing guidelines, planning silvicultural measures, and further training of forestry personnel. The experiences and findings of the project will be made available for the continued development of China’s national forest policy. Promotion of sustainable forest management through the establishment of a demonstration state forest in Shanxi Province, China

Propagation of teak seedlings

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KOLUMNENTITEL

3 Resilience and adaptation to climate changeThe consequences of climate change are affecting forests in all regions of the world. It is essential to adapt usage concepts if forests are to continue to fulfil their various functions in the future.

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RESILIENCE AND ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE

Large-scale destruction of forests due to fire and pest infestation has shown that adaptation measures are needed in many countries. There is a growing risk of storms, forest fires and pest infestations as a result of climate change. Through the implementation of long-term measures, forests can and must be adapted to the changing climatic conditions. In Europe, increasing the number of resilient native tree species in healthy mixed forests is recommended as one measure and is already being applied in many countries. Many other measures adapted to the geographical conditions can prevent large-scale fires or pest infestations. In these areas, the BMEL supports projects that contribute to the exchange of knowledge, research, and mutual aid in the event of harm or damage.

In its ‘Resilience Blog’, the European Forest Institute (EFI) reports on projects, activities and recent research findings. Contributions consider the risks to forests and forest management from many different perspectives and explore options for tackling them. Various authors examine other issues including the integration of nature conservation in sustainable forest management and enhancing forest resilience to protect their long-term multifunctionality. Forests near towns and cities are another important topic since they are beneficial to our health and provide space for recreation.

www.resilience-blog.com

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→ As part of the long-standing co-operation with Serbia, forest management strategies are being pursued to foster adaptation to climate change and sustainable forest management. To this end, innovative forest management planning is being developed based on scientific findings from state-of-the-art site surveys using satellite data. Climate-sensitive forest growth models, the as-sessment of tree species suitability under changing climatic conditions, are also the subject of research, with equal consideration given to environmental and economic aspects. The findings will be used to elaborate adaptation strategies and policy frame-works tailored to these. As climate conditions in Germany could well be similar to current climate conditions in Serbia in the near future, the results of the project are also being viewed as a potential scenario for German forests. Adaptive forest management – Germany – Serbia

→ One climate adaptation measure that is being target-ed in the Ukraine is to convert even-aged pure pine stands to uneven-aged mixed stands. In addition to leveraging long-term methods to rejuvenate pine under canopy, Ukrainian forest enterprises are increasingly devoting their efforts to more inten-sive stand management, with the aim of developing well-structured healthy, vibrant and resilient forests. To this end, the project supports research into en-vironmentally sustainable and eco-friendly forest management and the conversion of conventionally managed forests to semi-natural ones. A second pro-ject component looks at the resilience of pine forests to forest fires, drought and extreme wind speeds. The aim of this is to help the Ukraine prepare for the consequences of climate change in the country. The knowledge gained during the course of the project will be incorporated into modified silvicultural guidelines and management approaches for the country’s forest enterprises and owners. Conversion of pine forests to semi-natural forest management in the Ukraine

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Preparing the forest inventory in the Ukraine

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KOLUMNENTITEL

4 Education and training for sustainable forest managementThe topic of sustainable forest management as well as its challenges and opportunities must be incorporated in schools, universities and public media.

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EDUCATION AND TR AINING FOR SUSTAINABLE FOREST MANAGEMENT

In Germany, there are a variety of educational pro-grammes focused on the subject of forests and sustain-able forest management. In many countries around the world, little or no knowledge is available about the op-portunities offered by sustainable forest management, its contribution to food security and environmental and climate protection, and the numerous and versatile ways in which wood can be used as a resource.

→ In two pilot countries, Tanzania and the Philippines, teaching materials are being developed for different class levels. Adapted to the country context, they integrate the various aspects and advantages of sustainable forest management into school les-sons. Close cooperation with the organisations and authorities responsible for education is intended to ensure that the subject is included in the curricula in the long term. The experiences and findings of the two pilot countries will be summarised at the end of the project and made available worldwide, so that other countries interested in this concept can benefit from it as well. Forests for a sustainable future: educating children

Training on silvicultural measures in Vietnam

→ In close co-operation with the Collaborative Part-nership on Forests (CPF), the BMEL is supporting the creation of an education platform (Global Forest Education Platform). The aim of this platform is to make concepts and methods of forestry knowledge and practice available for education and training purposes and to promote global networking. Global Forest Education Platform

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Forestry has a long tradition in both practical training and academic education. However, the requirements placed on forest management have changed consider-ably as a result of climate change, the internationalisa-tion of trade relations and the increasing competition for land use worldwide.

→ Has the education and training of future foresters, forestry scientists and silviculturists already been adapted to the changing issues and new require-ments? The European Forest Institute is working on this question together with the International Forest-ry Students’ Association (IFSA) and the International Union of Forest Research Organizations (IUFRO). In surveys and workshops, students and scientists from every country can help to clarify these questions. In addition, the project offers students the opportunity to complete internships and research stays as part of their education. The focus of the internships is on current developments in sustainable forestry. Global student networking and green jobs in the forestry sector

Tree nursery management training in Vietnam

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Presentation on the benefits of a new agroforestry model in Zambia

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KOLUMNENTITEL

5 Network building and researchCollaboration in both practice and science and research promotes the development and dissemination of sustainable forest management measures.

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NET WORK BUILDING AND RESEARCH

The importance of sustainable forest management, legal timber trade and the conservation of multifunc-tional forests is a strong interest in many regions. But these issues are also relevant on a superregional and in-ternational level in the context of the important global goals declared in the 2030 Agenda.

→ The preservation of biodiversity, the promotion of aspects of nature conservation and the simultaneous silvicultural use of the forest are not mutually exclu-sive. Combining these approaches and finding com-mon strategies and synergies has been the subject and goal of BMEL projects for many years now. The continuation and development of “Marteloscopes” are currently being supported. Here, on demonstra-tion areas and with the help of a tablet simulation, the possibilities of sustainable forest management with the integration of nature conservation are clear-ly shown. With the help of the relevant software and competent guidance, forestry and conservation ex-

Information session on Marteloscopes for forestry trainers

perts can virtually train in and optimise the preser-vation of biodiversity alongside the use of high-grade timber. The concept has proven popular in a large number of European countries, with 115 demonstra-tion sites established in 16 countries to date and more in the pipeline. In order to also discuss this key issue at political level and to raise awareness of the issue among decision-makers, the Europe-wide alliance Integrate Network is being further promoted. Managing Forests for resilience and biodiversity

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NET WORK BUILDING AND RESEARCH

The BMEL provides funding to promote bilateral re-search co-operation and knowledge sharing for interna-tional sustainable forest management. This is intended to facilitate the conversion of the global use of forests to sustainable forest management, with the aim of counteracting the on-going deforestation and degrada-tion of forests.

Every year, €2 million can be applied for through the funding guidelines (FinW) for projects in the following two areas:

→ Promotion of bilateral forest research projects→ Promotion of the international sharing of

knowledge in the field of forest management.

With regard to financing bilateral research projects, research collaborations between a German research institute and a partner institute in a third country are funded in order to conduct research on shared pressing issues in forestry with the goal of developing solutions or preventive measures related to sustainable forest management.

In the area of sharing forest management knowledge, the aim is to support the transfer of knowledge, proven expertise and experience as well as the exchange of knowledge between forestry experts. For example, this is facilitated by organising project inception meetings with foreign partners, supporting German forestry experts as instructors for training courses in other coun-tries, and organising training sessions in Germany with international participants from third-party countries.

The revised funding guidelines came into effect on 29 November 2019 and replace the previous ones. The new funding guidelines provide more funding options in the area of knowledge sharing and a faster, one-step application procedure.

For more information, please visit www.ble.de/FinW

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→ The exchange of knowledge and experience between forestry experts across national borders has also been supported and funded by two programmes for many years now. The funds can be used to finance advisory trips by German forestry experts at the

Training on setting up agroforestry systems in Zambia

request of a partner institute in a foreign country or for visits by foreign forestry experts to Germany. Forest Expert Program – Exchange for Sustainability ProInFo – Transfer of German expertise for international sustainable forest management

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List of projectsImplementing organisation Project title Project term

1 Deutscher Forstwirtschaftsrat e. V. ProInFo – Transfer of German expertise for international sustainable forest management

03.2017 – 12.2020

2 Max Planck Institute Establishment of the Regional Fire Management Resource Center – Southeast Asia Region (RFMRC-SEA)

03.2017 – 07.2021

3 Munich University Effects of extreme events on forests in the context of climate change (FOREXCLIM)

03.2017 – 12.2020

4 SNV Netherlands Development Organisation

Promotion of agroforestry for the production of wood and non-wood forest products in Katete District, Eastern Province of Zambia

12.2017 – 12.2020

5 European Forest Institute Multi Donor Trust Fund for Policy Support 01.2018 – 12.2020

6 University of Freiburg Capacity building in the field of sustainable forest management and carbon forestry for international forest experts (CBCF)

11.2018 – 10.2021

7 International Tropical Timber Organization (ITTO)

Enhancing Conservation and Sustainable Management of Teak Forests and Legal and Sustainable Wood Supply Chains in the Greater Mekong Subregion

11.2018 – 06.2022

8 GIZ Sino-German Forest Policy Dialogue Intensification 12.2018 – 11.2021

9 European Forest Institute Global student networking and green jobs in the forestry sector 12.2018 – 11.2021

10 Deutsche Forst Service GmbH and Hessen-Forst

Promotion of sustainable forest management through the establishment of a demonstration state forest in Shanxi Province, China

01.2019 – 12.2021

11 University of Freiburg / GISCON Systems GmbH

Adaptation of planning tools proven in Germany for a model region in China 01.2019 – 12.2020

12 University of Stuttgart / Eberswalde University for Sustainable Development

Balancing and Optimization of Multifunctional Use of Juniper Forests in Central Asia (JuniperCA)

03.2019 – 08.2021

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Implementing organisation Project title Project term

13 FAO Forests for a sustainable future: educating children 04.2019 – 03.2022

14 ITTO Programme on Legal and Sustainable Supply Chains (LSSC) for Tropical Wood and Forest Products

07.2019 – 12.2021

15 University of Freiburg / UNIQUE Adaptive forest management – Germany – Serbia (ANKLIWA-DS) 11.2019 – 10.2022

16 TU-Dresden Economic Upgrading of Degraded Tropical Secondary Forests Through Natural Regeneration in Vietnam (OekAuNat)

12.2019 – 11.2022

17 FAO Creation of a Global Forest Education Platform and Launch of a Joint Initiative under the Aegis of the Collaborative Partnership on Forests

12.2019 – 09.2021

18 German Forest Society (Deutscher Forstverein e.V.)

Forest Expert Program – Exchange for Sustainability 01.2020 – 12.2023

19 TU Dresden / Institut für Holz-technologie Dresden gGmbH (IHD)

Development of Sustainable Forest Management and Utilization Concepts for Aspen-Dominated Forests in the Republic of Tatarstan, Russia

01.2020 – 12.2022

20 University of Applied Forest Sciences Rottenburg

A sustainable forest system for the future – Highly advanced forest management in German-Japanese dialogue

01.2020 – 06.2023

21 UNIQUE forestry and land use GmbH /Thünen-Institut

Wood-based Employment -WoodForWork- Case studies based analysis of the contributions of the forest sectors towards the employment situation in Ecuador, Kenya, Vietnam, Italy, and Ukraine

01.2020 – 12.2022

22 SFM Consultants Documenting and reporting of biotic and abiotic forest pathologies in Europe (ECE Region)

05.2020 – 04.2021

23 Eberswalde University for Sustainable Development

Transformation of pine forests to a close-to nature forest management in Ukraine

05.2020 – 04.2022

LIST OF PROJECTS

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LIST OF PROJECTS

Implementing organisation Project title Project term

24 German Aerospace Center Innovative remote sensing technologies are used in the project GEO FORPY to monitor the forest cover and change in cover in the Paraguayan Chaco region

05.2020 – 04.2022

25 Fairventures Worldwide FVW gGmbH / Borneo Orangutan Survival Germany (BOS Deutschland)

Mixed multifunctional agroforestry systems in Kalimantan, Indonesia – Improvement of data collection and approaches for sustainable biodiversity conservation and rural development.

05.2020 – 04.2023

26 European Forest Institute Managing Forests for Resilience and Biodiversity – Bridging Policy, Practice, Science and Education (FoReSite)

05.2020 – 04.2022

27 AFC Agriculture and Finance Consultants GmbH / UNIQUE Forestry and Land Use GmbH

German-Moroccan expert dialogue on agriculture and forestry (DIAF) 06.2020 – 05.2023

28 AGDW – Die Waldeigentümer e. V. Sustainable private forest management in Kenya 10.2020 – 12.2021

29 University of Applied Forest Sciences Rottenburg

Promotion and further development of bilateral research on sustainable forest use in southern Brazil

11.2020 – 03.2022

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AbbreviationsBLE Bundesanstalt für Landwirtschaft und Ernährung

Federal Office for Agriculture and FoodBMEL Bundesministerium für Ernährung und Landwirtschaft

Federal Ministry of Food and AgricultureCPF Collaborative Partnership on ForestsFAO Food and Agriculture Organization of the United NationsFinW Förderrichtlinie zur „Förderung der bilateralen Forschungskooperation und

des Wissensaustausches für internationale nachhaltige Waldbewirtschaftung“ Directive on ‘Promoting Bilateral Research Cooperation and Knowledge Sharing for International Sustainable Forest Management’

GIZ Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit GmbH ITTO International Tropical Timber Organization IFSA International Forestry Students’ AssociationIUFRO International Union of Forest Research Organizations

PUBLISHED BYFederal Ministry of Food and Agriculture (BMEL) Rochusstrasse 1D-53123 BonnPhone: +49 (0)228/99529-3348E-mail: [email protected]

CONTACTMatthias Schwoerer Division 514

PROJECT CONTACTSFederal Officefor Agriculture and Food (BLE) Jessica Rebola-Lichtenberg Deichmannsaue 29 · D-53179 BonnPhone: +49 (0)228/6845-3779E-mail: [email protected]

GFA Consulting Group GmbH Christian Aschenbach Wallstrasse 15 · D-10179 BerlinPhone: +49 (0)30/275 81 74-30E-mail: [email protected]

Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) GmbHSilke HertrichFriedrich-Ebert-Allee 32+36D-53113 BonnPhone: +49 (0)228/4460-3664E-mail: [email protected]

DATEDecember 2020

DESIGNkippconcept gmbh, Bonn

TEXTBMEL

PHOTOSCover: FAO Forestry; p. 3: Federal Government/Steffen Kugler; p. 7: GIZ/S. Bayer; p. 9: IISD/ENB | Peter Wood; p. 11: T. L. Dong; p. 13: G. Hohberg; p. 14: L. Schafer- Griffel; p. 15: Y. Trisurat; p. 19: Y. Skrypnyk; pp. 21 + 22: L. P. Cuong; pp. 23 + 27: A. van der Goes; p. 25: EFI/A. Schuck

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international projects on sustainable forest management

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