INTERNATIONAL

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF

HUMAN GEOGRAPHY

EDITORS-IN-CHIEF

ROß KITCHINNational Institute of Regional and Spatial Analysis (NIRSA)John Hume Building, National University of IrelandMaynooth, County KildareIreland

NIGEL THRIFTUniversity House, University of WarwiekCoventryUK

ELSEVIER

AMSTERDAM • BOSTON. HEIDELBERG • LONDON • NEW YORK • OXFORD

PARIS. SAN DrEGG. SAN FRANCISCO. SINGAPORE • SYDNEY • ToKYO

CONTENTS

Senior Editors

Section Editors

Guide to use of the Encyclopedia

Contributors

Contents

Subject Classification

Foreword by Mary Robinson

Foreword by Rob Kitchin

VOLUME 1

A

Activism L M Takahashi

Activist Geographies P Routledge

Actor-Network Theory/Network Geographies G T J6hannesson and J 0 Beerennokit

Affect J 0 Dewsbury

Africa G A Myers

Ageing and Health G J Andrews

Ageing and Mobility A M Warnes

Ageism and Age L Maxey

Agglomeration A Malmberg

Agoraphobia J Davidson

Agrarian Transformations J Renes

Agricultural Land Preservation K B Beesley and 0 Ramsey

Agriculture, Sustainable T Marsden

Agri-Environmentalism and Rural Change C Potter

Aid V Desai

Arnenaqernent du Territoire: Territorial Development P Merlin

Americas R B Kent and K AButIer

Anarchism/Anarchist Geography M M Breitbart

Anglo-American/ Anglophone Hegemony M B Aalbers and U Rossi

Animal Geographies C Wilbert

Animal Welfare, Agricultural H Buller

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J D Dewsbury

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J Lossau

K W Butzer

Antarctica S Chaturvedi

Anthropogeography (Atter Ratzei)

Anthropology and Human Geography

Anti-Geopolitics U Ostender

Anti-Urbanism T S/ater

Apartheid/Post-Apartheid J Battersby-Lennard

Applied Geography M Pacione

Archives M Kurtz

Arctic M Kurtz and A Watson

Art and Cartography C D'/gnazio

Artiticial Intelligence and Expert Systems

Asia T Oakes

Atlases J Siemer and HAsche

Australasia C Gibson

Autobiography M Purcell

Autoethnography K Besio

Auto-Photography M E Thomas

Avant-Garde/Avant-Garde Geographies

Aviation TM Vow/es

B

Balkans V Rey and 0 Groza

Barnes, T. S Reimer

Beaujeu-Garnier, J. M-C Robic

Becoming D P McCormack

Behavioral Geography J R Go/d

Belonging A Tay/or

Berkeley School M Wil/iams

Berry, B. R W Lake

Biodiversity R PNeumann

Biodiversity Mapping H Hazen

Biopolitics A A Lehtinen

Bobek, H. H Fassmann

Body, The L Johnston

Borderlands D Wastl-Wa/ter

Bowman, I. J Dittmer

Brain Drain J Crush and C Hughes

Brandt Commission R B Potter and S Lloyd-Evans

Brown Agenda J Beall

Butter Zone G Preve/akis

Business Services John R Bryson

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cCapital and Space R J Das

Capitalism R Le Heran

Capitalism and Division of Labor M Brayshay

Care/Caregiving N M Yantzi enä M W Skinner

Cartographic Animation M Harrower

Cartography in Islamic Societies S Brentjes

Cartography, History of C Delano-Smith enä R J P Kain

Case Study Approach S W Hardwick

Cassa per il Mezzogiorno F Martinelli

Categorical Data Analysis S D Withers

VOLUME 2

cCellular Automata PM Torrens

Census Geography W Friesen

Census Mapping D Martin

Central Business District G A Rice

Central Place Theory J Malczewski

Chaos and Complexity G Chapman

Chicago School D Sibley

Child Labor S Punch

Children and Mapping V Filippakopoulou and B Nakos

Children/Childhood F Smith and N AnseIl

Chinese Urbanism L J C Ma

Chinese-Language Geography WS Tang

Choice Modeling J-C Thill

Christaller, W. R Capello

Christian Geography H Aay

Chronic Disease K Robinson and S J Elliott

Citation Geography M Batty and R Carvalho

Citizenship V Chouinard

Citizenship and Governmentality, Rural L Cheshire and M Woods

City Marketing E J McCann

City-Region S Davoudi

Civil Society C Mcllwaine

Claval, P. M Benare

Climate Change J C Sweeney

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Cloke, P. M Phil/ips

Cognitive Geography D R Montello

Cohen, S. N Kliot

Cold War T W Luke

Colonialism I ALester

Colonialism 11 D Atkinson

Colonialism, Internal R J Das and S Chilvers

Color, Mapping A L Griffin

Commodity Chains M Hassler

Communicable Diseases, Globalization ot J R Oppong

Communist and Post-Communist Geographies J Titner

Community S C Aitken

Competitiveness N Lewis

Complementary and Alternative Medicine G J Andrews

Complexity Theory, Nonlinear Dynamic Spatial Systems D O'Sul/ivan

Computational Human Geography H Couclelis

Concentrated Deconcentration B Lambregts

Conservation and Ecology M Jay and M Morad

Consumption D Leslie

Content Analysis J Baxter

Corbridge, S. M S Kumar

Core-Periphery Models B Remirez

Corporate Responsibilities A Hughes and F Wray

Corridor and Axis Development LAlbrechts and T Tasan-Kok

Cosgrove, D. K D Lilley

Cosmopolitanism J Binnie, J J Holloway, S MiJlington, and C Young

Counter-Mapping R Rundstrom

Counterurbanization C J A Mitchell and C R Bryant

Cox, K. H van der Wusten

Creativity A Currah

Crime/Fear of Crime H Koskela

Critical Cartography D Wood and J Krygier

Critical Geography U Best

Critical Geopolitics J P Sharp

Critical GIS N Schuurman

Critical Rationalism (After Popper) 0 Bennett

Critical Realism/Critical Realist Geographies Andy C Pratt

Critical Theory (After Habermas) M PhiJIips

Cross-Cultural Research T Skelton

Cultural Capital J L Waters

Cultural Economy A C Pratt

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Culture/Natures J Sundberg and J Dempsey

Cumulative Causanon E Delaney and J W Harrington, Jr.

Cultural Politics S Rycroft

Cultural Studies and Human Geography

Cultural Turn C Philo

Cyberspace/Cyberculture

Cultural Geography

Cultural Materialism

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o Bell

C Gibson and G Waitt

G Helms

K JMeeCulture

VOLUME 3

D

Darby, H. c. RA Butlin

Digital Data, Historical Geography and H Southal/

Digital Divide T Unwin and G de Bastion

Developmentalism M Watts

Devolution M Keating

Dialectical Reasoning and Dialectical Materialism E Swyngedouw

Dialogism (After Bakhtin) J Hol/oway and J Kneale

Diaries (Video, Audio or Written) P Meth

Diaspora K McKittrick

Dicken, P. J V Beaverstock

Determinism/Environmental Determinism

Difference/Politics of Difference

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H Ernste and C Philo

H Winlow

T Jazeel

A Pike

K 0 Willis and M S Kumar

B Kort

A Kalogeressis and L Labrianidis

C Barnett and M Low

P Rees

E Hartwiek

C J Barrow

LA Brown

Darwinism (and Social Darwinism)

Dear, M. J. A Latham

Debt David Simon

Deconstruction C Barnett

Defensible Space E Warwick

Deforestation J J Metz

De-Industrialization

De-Localization

Democracy

Demography

Dependency

Desertification

Development I

Development 11

Diffusion

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Digital Earth GA Elmes, 0 Weiner, and G O'Alessandro-Scarpari

Disability and Chronic Illness R Wilton and J Evans

Discourse T Gresswell

Discourse Analysis LOBerg

Disease Diffusion ASchcerström

Disease Mapping T Koch

Distance G H Pirie

Dudley Stamp, L. 0 Linehan

Dutch Human Geography H Ernste and L Smith

Dwelling 0 Jones

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E

Embodied Knowing R Longhurst

Emigration B S A Yeoh

Emotional Geographies J Devidson and M Smith

Emotional Knowing L Bondi

Empire M Power

Empowerment R Scheyvens

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E Sheppard and P Plummer

J R Faulconbridge and S Hall

K E Gorey and M I Wilson

East Asian Miracle G Dixon

EastIWest A Bonnett

e-Business and e-Commerce

Ecological Fallacy 0 Sui

Ecology P McManus

Economic Crises M Webber

Economic Development, Rural 0 Storey

Economic Geography T J Barnes

Economic Geography, Quantitative

Economics and Human Geography

Economies, Alternative S Healy

Economies, Borderland M Tykkyläinen

Economies, Branch Plant H 0 Watts

Econornies, Imagined A Gameron

Economy, Informal S Turner

Ecotourism 0 A FenneIl

Edge Cities N A Phelps

Edge Effects I Yamada

Education N Lewis

Electoral Cartography A Kavanagh

Electoral Districts J I Leib and G R Webster

Electoral Geography G Pattie and R Johnston

Embeddedness M Hess

Environment, Historical Geography of S W Trimbfe, M P Gonzen, and E K Z Zygmut

Environmental Hazards G A Tobin and B E Montz

Enlightenment Geography G W J Withers

Enterprise Discourse P M O'Neill

Entrepreneurship E Stam

Entropy-Maximising Models R Johnston and G Pattie

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G Sneddon

S J Elliott

A A Lehtinen

SEdenEnvironment

Environmental Health

Environmental Justice

Environmental Policy G Cocklin

Environmental Regulation P McManus

Environmental Security J Barnett

Environmental Studies and Human Geography

Environmentalism A Davies

Epidemiological Transition K McGracken and 0 R Phi/fips

Equity J Wifes and A Kobayashi

Error (Propagation and Modeling) S Gopaf

Ethical Issues in Research R Dowfing

Ethnic Conflict 0 Yiftachef

Ethnic Economies L Lo

Ethnicity W Li and E Skop

Ethnicityand Resistance, Historical Geographies of

Ethnography K E Till

Ethnomethodology/Ethnomethodological Geography E Laurier

Eurocentrism J Sundberg

Europe M Kuus

Europe of Regions J W Scott

Evans, E. E. M G Keane

Evolutionary Aigorithms N Xiao

Existentialism/Existential Geography 0 Seamon and J Sowers

Experimental Design S Bell

Exploration S A Royfe

Exploratory Spatial Data Analysis S Dall'erba

Export Processing Zones F Wu

Extended Metropolitan Region V F S Sit

VOLUME 4

F

Factor Analysis and Principal-Components Analysis

Fair Trade L T Raynofds

FWang

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xliv Contents

Famine P J Atkins

Fatherland/Homeland R Kaiser

Feminism and Work J Pollard

Feminism, Maps and GIS M Pav/ovskaya

Feminism/Feminist Geography L C Johnson

Feminist Geography, Prehistory of S Baw/by and J Tivers

Feminist Groups within Geography KM Morin

Feminist Methodologies 0 Thien

Feminist Political Economy RB Sarma

Fertility Y Underhill-Sem

Festival and Spectacle M Duffy

Feudalism and Feudal Society H Brad/ey and M Teyior

Field Geographies D Abbott

Field Systems and Enclosure J Chapman

Fieldwork F J Bosco and C M Moreno

Film C Lukinbea/

Finance, Historieal Geographies of M Purvis

Finance, Offshore S M Roberts

Financial Centers, International 0 R Meyer

Financial Exelusion A Leyshon

Financial Knowledge G L C/ark, J C Marsha/(, and K Strauss

Financial Risks and Management P Bennett

Firms M Tay/or

First Law of Geography M F Goodchild

First World K 0 Willis

Flaneur, The A Latham

Fluidity-Fixity P Adey

Focus Groups A J Secor

Food Networks P Richardson and S J Whatmore

Food Networks, Alternative D Goodman and M K Goodman

Food Regimes B Pritchard

Fordism R Hudson

Fordisrn, Post-Fordism and Flexible Speeialization J Lovering

Foreign Direet Investment A Lagendijk and B Hendrikx

Foucauldianism M Hux/ey

Fractal Analysis N S Lam

Francophone Geography G Benko and C Desbiens

Functionalism (Including Struetural Functionalism) J E Castro

Fuzzy Set and Fuzzy Logic Y Leung

'Deceased, 22 August 2007.

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GGardens and Gardening David Crouch

Garrison, W. R Morrill

Gated Communities/Privatopias R Atkinson and S Blandy

Gay Geographies V Miller

Gender and Health J Wiles

Gender and Rurality J Little

Gender in the City Linda Peake

Gender, Historical Geographies of L Price

Genealogy and Family History SM Otterstrom

Genealogy Method (j Crowley

Generalization W A Mackaness and 0 Z Chaudhry

Genetics E Hall

Gentrification D J Hammel

Gentrification, Rural M Phillips

Geocomputation M Birkin

Geodemographics M Birkin and G P Clarke

Geodesy J Hessler

Geographical Journals L D Berg

Geographical Masking G Rushton

Geographically Weighted Regression A Paez and D C Wheeler

Geography, History of A Maddrell

Geohistory P Claval

Geomatics M Duckham, A Kealy, and J Wallace

Geopolitics P Reuber

Geopolitics and Religion G Dijkink

Georeferencing, Geocoding X Yao

Geospatial Intelligence K C Clarke

Geovisualization M J Kraak

German-Language Geography M Hess

Gerrymandering R Morrill

Ghettos T Slater

GIS and Cartography M F Goodchild

GIS and Society T Nyerges

GIS, Mobile and Locational Based Services J Raper

GIS, Public Participation S Elwood

GIScience and Systems M F Goodchild

Global Commodity Chains L van Grunsven

Global Positioning/GPS J Lee

Global Production Networks N M Coe

Globalization and Transnational Corporations P Dicken

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Globalization, Cultural K N Rankin

Globalization, Economic H W-c Yeung

Golledge, R. G Rushton

Gottmann, J. L Muscara

Governance M Goodwin

Governance, Corporate D W6jcik

Governance, Good G Williams

Governance, Transport I Docherty and J Shaw

Governance, Urban M Raco

Governmentality J Häkli

Green Revolution J Briggs

Greenfield Development P Breathnach

Gregory, D. B Warl

Grounded Theory M Cope

Growth Poles, Growth Centers U Rossi

VOLUME 5

H

Habitus G Setten

Hagerstrand, T. R Flowerdew

Haggett, P. R Flowerdew

Haptic or Touch-Based Knowledge R 0 Jacobson

Harley, J. B. N Collins-Kreiner

Hartshorne, R. F Harvey

Harvey, D. K Woodward and J P Jones 111

Health and Development S Asthana

Health Geography G Moon

Health Inequalities D Dorling and R Mitchell and S Ortord and M Shaw, and H Tunstall

Health Services Restructuring T Brown

Health Systems and Health Services R Barnett and P Barnett

Healthcare Accessibility J S Humphreys and K B Smith

Hegemony J Glassman

Heritage C Kelly

Heritage and Culture R Jones

Heritage and Economy G J Ashworth

Heritage and Identity J D Bohland and E Hague

Heteronormativity D Bell

Hettner, A. M Hoyler

High-Tech Industry Y Zhou

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M Sothem

W T S Gou/d

P Mi/boume

JMay

Homelessness, Rural

Homelessness

HIV/AIDS in Developed Countries

HIV/AIDS in Developing Countries

Home T Peil

Humanism/Humanistic Geography

Human-Nonhuman E J Roe

Hybridity D P To/ia-Ke/ly

Hypothesis Testing R Haines-Young and R Fish

Hinterland Development J Timer and Z Kovecs

Historical Geographies, Rural P J Duffy

Historical Geographies, Urban A Go/an

Historical Geography G M Winder

Historical Geography, Evolution of J M Powe/l

Historical-Geographical Materialism S Kirsch

Housing M Pacione

Housing, Neighbourhoods and Health J Dunn

Housing, Rural N Ga/lent

Hub Network Location M E O'Kel/y

Human Geography C Gibson

Human Rights R Honey

Idealism/ldealist Human Geography L Gue/ke

Identity and Otherness, Rural J Agyeman and S Nea/

Identity Politics A Kobayashi

Ideology K R O/wig

Immigration I J L Waters

Immigration 11 / H Bum/ey

Imperial Cities A D King

Imperialism, Cultural S P Mains

Imperialistic Geographies G M Winder

Indian Ocean S Chaturvedi

Indigeneity E Cameron and S de Leeuw, and M Greenwood

Indigenous Geographies R Howitt and S Mu/ler, and S Suchet-Pearson

Indigenous Health and Medicine K Wi/son and C Richmond

Indigenous Knowledges J Mistry

Indigenous Mapping J Corbett and M Chapin and L Gibson, and G Ramba/di

Industrial City R Harris

Industrial Districts F Ce/ata and U Rossi

Industrial Location KChapman

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xlviii Contents

Industrial Organization J Patchell

lndustrial Parks SM Walcott

Industrial Restructuring R Hudson

Industrialization 0 Simandan

Industry, Historical Geographies of R Lewis

Inequality G OeVerteuil

Informal Sector A G Aguilar and E P Campuzano

Informalization 0 Vaiou

Information Graphics AL Grittin

Information Technology B Parthasarathy

Informational City J Rutherford

Innovation R Sternberg

Input-Output Analysis G J 0 Hewings and M Sonis

Institutionalism/Institutional Geographies 0 Mackinnon

Integrated Spatial Data Infrastructure R Foley

Intensive/Extensive Research K Fa/coner AI-Hindi

Interdisciplinarity P Raento

Intermediate Technology M Parnwell

Intermodality A R Goetz

International Organizations R Peet

Internationalization of Education J L Waters

Internet, Economic Geography M Zook

InternetIWeb Mapping M-J Kraak

Internet-Based Measurement M Dodge and M Zook

Interviews: In-Depth, Semi-Structured R Longhurst

Investment Promotion NA Phelps

Irredentism G W White

Islamic Urbanism N AISayyad and I Türeli

Island Development E Clark

Italian Language Geography C Minca

Ivy League and Geography in the US R Wright and N Koch

VOLUME 6

JJackson, P. C Dwyer

Japanese Geography A Saito and F Mizuoka

Johnston, R. J. James 0 Sidaway

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K Browne and C J Nash

S Hoelscher

KM Morin

KKnowledge and Education, Historical Geographies of RA Butlin

Knowledge Communities S Pinch

Knowledge Economy A Kerr and S 6 Riain

Knowledge Intensive Business Services P Wood

Kolossov, V. J O'Loughlin and E Holland

Kriging and Variogram Models C A Calder and N Cressie

Krop6tkin, P. G Kearns

LLabor Control Regime A E G Jonas

Labor Flexibility C Benner

Labor Geography T D Rutherford

Labor Market P Carmody

Labor Markets, Regional A E Green

Labor Unionism A Herod

Lacoste, Y. F Eva

Lamarck(ian)ism H Winlow

Land Change Science B L Turner 11

Land Rent Theory J Jäger

Land Rights R Howitt

Landscape J Dubow

Landscape Iconography

Landscape Perception

Language R Jones

Language and Research A Aylett and T J Barnes

Latin American Structuralist School Cristobe! Kay

Law and Law Enforcement D Delaney

Learning Regions B T Asheim

Leisure J Mansvelt

Lesbian Geographies

Ley, D. P Jackson

Liberalism E Gilbert

Life Course Approaches

Literature M Brosseau

Livelihoods F Owusu

Local Development G Garofoli

Local Economic Development S Conti and P Giaccaria

Local Economic Development, Politics of K R Cox

Local-Global M Haldrup

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Locality Debates P Gooke

Location Analysis M W Horner

Location Theory A T Murray

Logistics M Hesse and J-P Rodrigue

Longitudinal Methods (Cohort Analysis, Life Tables) SO Withers

Los Angeles School of Post-Modern Urbanism B Hooper

Lowenthal, D. J R Gold

Lusophone Geography J Gaspar

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Mackinder, H. J. G Kearns

Malls/Retail Parks G A Rice

Map Hacking E Mac Gillavry

Map Interactivity REdsall

Map Libraries and Archives R B Parry

Map Perception and Cognition S M Freundschuh

Map Types 0 Wood and J B Krygier

Mapping Agencies G Perkins

Mapping, Commercial B Hunt

Mapping, Cyberspace M Zaok and M Dodge

Mapping, Distributed W Gartwright

Mapping, Non-Western M W Pearce

Mapping, Philosophy G Perkins

Mapping, Race and Ethnicity H Winlaw

Mapping, Topographie P Gollier

Maps 0 Wood and J Krygier

Maps and Governance F Harvey

Maps and Protest 0 Woad and J Krygier

Maps and the State M Farish

Markov Chain Analysis W Li and G Zhang

Marxism/Marxist Geography lAGumbers

Marxism/Marxist Geography 11 A Jones

Masculinism A Bain

Masculinities B van Haven and P Hopkins

Massey, D. T Skeltan

Material Culture 0 P Tolia-Kelly

Material, The A Tay

McDowell, L. A Jones

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VOLUME 7

M

Media 0 B Clarke

Medical Geography R Earickson

MedievalGeography K 0 Lilley

Medieval Historical Geographies R Jones

Mega-Cities Y-M Yeung

Meinig, D. KM Dunn

Memorialsand Monuments 0 HAIderman and 0 J Dwyer

Memory S McDowell

Mental Health C J Smitn

Mental Maps S Bell

Metropole d'equilibre G Burgel

Middle East and North Africa M E Bonine

MigrantWorkers C Cindy Fan

Migration P Boyle

Migration, Historical Geographies of W Jenkins

Militaryand Geography M Farish

MilitaryGeographies R Woodward

Mixed and Multiple Methods J H McKendrick

Mobility P Merriman

Mobility, History of Everyday C G Pooley

Modern City J R Gold

Modernity 0 Linehan

Modernization Theory R N Gwynne

Modifiable Areal Unit Problem 0 W Wong

MonteCarlo Simulation S Ratick and G Schwarz

Moral Economies L McDowell

Moral Landscapes G Setten and K M Brown

Moviesand Films, Analysis of SC Aitken

Multicultural City H Hoernig and M Walton-Roberts

Multiculturalism J Clayton

Multidimensional Scaling W M Bowen

N

Nation J Penrose

National Parks N Curry

National Schools of Geography P Claval

National Spatialities T Edensor

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lii Contents

Nationalism 0 H Kaplan

Nationalism, Historical Geography of M A Busteed

Natural Resources G Bridge

Naturalistic Testing R 0 Jacobson

Nature K R Olwig

Nature, Historical Geographies of P Holland and A Wearing

Nature, History of M Tanskanen

Nature, Performing S Fullagar

Nature, Social N Argent

Nature-Culture 0 Jones

Natures, Charismatic J Lorimer

Natures, Gendered C Radel

Natures, Postcolonial M Sioh

Neighborhood Change J Kenny

Neighborhood Effects Sang-li Lee

Neighborhoods and Community J Flint

Neocolonialism M Watts

Neoliberal Economic Strategies R Le Heron

Neoliberalism W Larner

Neoliberalism and Development W E Murray

Neoliberalism, Urban W Larner

Network Analysis M J Kuby and T 0 Roberts and C 0 Upchurch, and S Tierney

Network Regions P Cooke

Networks G Grabher

Networks, Urban N Clarke

Neural Networks I Casas

New Regionalism G MacLeod

New Towns K Kafkoula

New Urbanism E J McCann

NIMBY P Hubbard

Nongovernmental Organizations Saraswati Raju

Non-Representational Theory/Non-Representational Geographies

Nordic Geography K Simonsen

Nordplan and Nordregio G Olsson

North-South A McGregor and 0 Hili

VOLUME 8

oOceania W E Murray

Oceanographic Mapping 0 M Lawrence

248

255

261

269

275

286

293

298

303

309

324

331

337

343

349

354

360

365

374

379

385

391

399

405

414

419

423

428

438

444

450

456

464

469

473

14

Oceans PESteinberg

Olsson, G. M Gren

Oral History M Boy/e

Oral History, Ecological A Nightinga/e

Orientalism M Ha/drup and L Koefoed

Other/Otherness J-F Staszak

Overlay (in GIS) 0 Ah/qvist

Oxbridge Geographies E Pawson

Contents liii

21

27

30

34

37

43

48

56

p

63

66

72

77

82

90

96

102

108

114

116

120

126

133

137

145

151

157

163

169

178

185

193

199

204

212

217

228

234

243

254

E Oe/meile

A Paasi

M Hux/ey

A Frank/in

V R Savage

L A Staehe/i and 0 MitchellPlace, Politics of

Planning, Urban

Plant Geographies

Point Pattern Analysis

Policing N R Fyfe

Political Boundaries

Paasi, A. R Jones

Pacific Rim X Chen

Parenting/Motherhood/Fatherhood S C Aitken

Participant Observation K Wa/sh

Participation S Hickey and U Kothari

Participatory Action Research SKindon and R Pain and M Kesby

Participatory Video SKindon

Patriarchy C J Nash

Peasant Agriculture J 0 van der P/oeg

Peet, R. A Kobayashi

People's Geography 0 Mitchell

Performance, Research as F Morton

Performative and Embodied Mapping C Perkins

Performativity 0 P McCormack

Phenomenology/Phenomenological Geography G Backhaus

Philosophy and Human Geography SE/den

Photogrammetry/Aerial Photography P Collier

Photographs R Sanders

Physical Geography and Human Geography S Harrison

Place T Cresswell

Place Names

Political Ecology R PNeumann

Political Economy, Geographical R Le Heran

Political Geography 0 Storey

Political Representation B Forest

liv Contents

260

265

269

274

285

295

312

321

327

334

339

344

355

363

373

379

387

396

408

416

421

426

429

437

442

448

451

455

474

480

487

495

501

506

511

517

P T Kingsbury

L Bondi

Polycentricity P Hall

Polyvocality Saraswati Raju

Popular Culture J Dittmer

Population Geography A J Bai/ey

Port-Industrial Complexes M Dunford and G Yeung

Positivism/Positivist Geography 0 Bennett

Possibilism V Berdoulay

Postcolonial Cities A 0 King

Postcolonialism/Postcolonial Geographies G McEwan

Postconflict Geographies J O'Loughlin

Postdevelopment J Nederveen Pieterse

Posthumanism/Posthumanistic Geographies J Lorimer

Postmodern City S Warren

Postmodernism/Postmodern Geography G Minca

Post-Phenomenology/Post-Phenomenological Geographies J Lea

Post-Productivist and Multifunctional Agriculture GA Wilson

Post-Socialist Cities L Sykora

Poststructuralism/Poststructuralist Geographies K Woodward and 0 P Dixon, and J P Jones, 111

Poverty A 0 Ghimhowu

Poverty, Rural AR Tickamyer

Pragmatism/Pragmatist Geographies S J Smith

Pred, A. B Warf

Pregnancy and Childbirth E Ghacko

Private/Public Divide 0 Gollins

Privatization P M O'Neill

Probabilism R Flowerdew

Probability Models R Flowerdew

Projections F G Kessler

Protest, Rural M Woods

Psychoanalysis P T Kingsbury

Psychoanalytic Theory/Psychoanalytic Geographies

Psychotherapy/Psychotherapeutic Geographies

Public Good K R Gox

Public Policy M Perry

Public Space 0 Mitchell and L A Staeheli

Public Spaces, Urban 0 Gollins and B-M Shantz

Contents Iv

VOLUME 9

Q

Q MethodlAnalysis P Robbins

Qualitative Geographic Information Systems M Cape and J-K Jung

Qualitative Spatial Reasoning R Billen and N Van de Weghe

Quantitative Data M Charlton

Quantitative Methodologies M F Goodchild

Quantitative Revolution T J Barnes

Queer Theory/Queer Geographies K Browne

Questionnaire Survey V Preston

7

12

19

27

33

39

46

R

53

59

65

73

83

91

100

107

111

117

125

130

136

151

156

165

181

187

192

202

208

214

228

236

246

252

259

271

G Bridge

T R Slater

R Black

T Butler

Race J Winders

Racism and Antiracism A Nayak

Radical Environmentalism I G Simmons

Radical Geography R Peet

Radical Political Economy F Mizuoka

Railways J Shaw and I Docherty

Rational Choice Theory (and Rational Choice Marxism)

Reclus, E. J P Clark

Redbrick University Geography in Britain

Redlining M B Aalbers

Refugees and Displacement

Regeneration to Renaissance

Region J Tomaney

Regional Actors M Tewdwr-Jones and A Lord

Regional Competition, Regional Dumping IM M Pires

Regional Connectivity M Sokol

Regional Development and Noneconomic Factors J 0 Bcerenholdt

Regional Development and Technology J R L Howe/ls

Regional Development Models M Dunford

Regional Development Theory P Nijkamp and M Abreu

Regional Development, Endogenous F Tödtling

Regional Geography I A Paasi

Regional Geography II 0 MacKinnon

Regional Inequalities M Dunford

Regional Innovation Systems J Revilla Diez and M Kiese

Regional Integration A Cumbers

Regional Planning and Development Theories E W Soja

Regional Production Networks 0 W Edgington

lvi Contents

Regional Science H G Overman

Regionalisations, Everyday 8 Werlen

Regionalism J Tomaney

Regionalization/Zoning Systems N K Shortt

Regression, Linear and Nonlinear J Pearee

Regulation G MaeLeod and A Holden

Relational Economic Geography N M Rantisi and J S 80ggs

Reliability and Validity 0 Ahlqvist

Religion/Spirituality/Faith L Kong

Remittances 8 Page

Remote Sensing J M Read and M Torrado

Representation and Re-presentation A Kobayashi

Representation, Politics of H V Seott

Representation-Mapping J Mennis

Research Funding Bodies R Johnston

Resistance J Gupples

Resource and Environmental Economics H Neo

Resource Industries R Hayter

Resource Management, Rural L M 8 Harrington

Retail Geographies N Wrigley

Rio Summit E S Norman and 0 Garr

Ritter, C. M Doevenspeek

River Basin Development G Fox

Rural Communities S Salamon and K A MaeTavish

Rural Geography M Woods

Rural Populations K H Halfacree

Rurality and Post-Rurality K H Halfacree

Russian-Language Geography V Kolossov and A Treivish

VOLUME 10

sSampling L Lo

Santos, M. MAde Souza

Sauer, C. M WiJliams

Scale N F Sayre enä A V Di Vittorio

Scale Analytical T W Grawford

Science and Scientism, Cartography 0 Turnbutt

Scientific Method R Flowerdew

Scott, A. G Gibson

279

286

294

298

302

309

314

320

324

329

335

347

351

357

364

370

376

381

390

398

406

412

414

423

429

442

449

457

11

15

19

29

37

43

46

Space-Time J D Gatrell and E W LaFary

Space-Time Modeling M Yuan

Spanish Language Geography A Albet and P Zusman

Spatial Analysis, Critical T Schwanen

Sexuality P Howell

Shift-Share Analysis R W Jackson and K E Haynes

Simulation S M Manson

Situated Knowledge, Reflexivity A Kobayashi

Situationism/Situationist Geography D Pinder

Situationist City Q Stevens

Slums R Harris

Segregation M F Poulsen

Segregation Indices D W Wong

Segregation, Urban R Atkinson and J McGarrigle

Selection Bias T J Gooke

Self-Other D Sibley

Semiotics K E Foote and M Azaryahu

Sense of Place K E Foote and M Azaryahu

Sensorium D McGormack

Social Studies of Scientific Knowledge

Socialism S Engel-Di Mauro

Society-Space S M Ruddick

Soja, E. A Latham

Contents lvii

50

56

63

70

76

81

85

89

96

101

106

112

119

125

132

138

144

151

157

163

165

171

179

185

195

199

204

212

217

227

230

236

241

248

255

262

268

276

286

296

302

B Greenhough

L Twigg and J Mohan

A James

AG Vias

M Haldrup

J Oldfield

M Duffy

A Saldanha

G P Ghapman

Eric G Thompson

M Goleman

AL Hansen

R Kitchin

SEiden

Second Hornes

Second World

Services, Rural

Sound and Music

Services, Professional

Social Capital A Bebbington

Social Capital, Place and Health

Social Class N Duncan

Social Geography R Panelli

Social Justice, Urban K Newman

Social Movements M Ramutsindela

Smith, N.

Soundscapes

South Asia

Southeast Asia

Sovereignty

Space I

Space 11

lviii Contents

Spatial Autocorrelation 0 A Griffith

Spatial Clustering, Detection and Analysis of Y Lu

Spatial Data Mining, Cluster and Pattern Recognition TA Arentze

Spatial Data Mining, Geovisualization C Kim

Spatiai Data Models L Bian

Spatial Databases A C Winstanfey

Spatial Division of Labor A Smith

Spatial Expansion Method E Casetti

Spatial Filtering/Kernel Density Estimation G Rushton and C Tiwari

Spatial Interaction Models M E O'Kelly

Spatial Interpolation N S Lam

Spatial Ontologies N Sehuurman

Spatial Science Ron Johnston

Spatially Autoregressive Models 0 A Griffith

Squatter Settlements K 0 WiJlis

State M Jones

State Theory B Jessop

Statistics, Descriptive J Lee

Statistics, Inferential 0 M Seott

Statistics, Overview G M Robinson

Statistics, Spatial 0 J Unwin

Storper, M. P Sunfey

Street Names and Iconography M Azaryahu

VOLUME 11

sStructural Adjustment G Mohan

Structural Equations Models P L Mokhtarian and 0 TOry

Structural Marxism A Kent

Structuralism/Structuralist Geography R G Smith

Structuration Theory R Lippuner and B Werfen

Structurationist Geography B Werfen

Subaltern C MeEwan

Subalternity V Gidwani

Subjectivity J P Sharp

Suburbanization A Maee

Superpower J O'Loughfin

Surrealism/Surrealist Geographies 0 Pinder

Surveillance M Henry

308

317

325

332

337

345

348

355

359

365

369

377

384

396

403

409

416

422

429

436

452

458

460

10

18

30

39

50

59

65

72

77

82

87

95

Surveying U F Paleo

Sustainability T Marsden

Sustainability, Urban M Whitehead

Sustainable Development J A Elliott

Symbolie Interaetionism V J DeI Casino, Jr. and 0 Thien

Symbolism, leonography M Oenil

Systems G P Chapman

SystemsTheory 0 Straussfogel and C von Schilling

T

Contents lix

100

103

109

117

132

138

146

151

Trade, Transport and Communieations, Historieal Geographies of

Transatlantic M Sheller

Transeripts (Coding and Analysis) M Cope

Transitional Eeonomies J Round

Territorial Produetion Complexes 8 Domenski

Territory and Territoriality OOelaney

Terrorism 0 Mustafa

Text and Textuality J M Smith

Text, Textual Analysis 0 Wilson

Theoeraey Nick Megoran

Therapeutie Landseapes W M Ges/er

Thiessen Polygon L Mu

Third World J Connell

Third World Cities S Uoyd-Evans and R 8 Potter

Thrift, N. U Strohmayer

Timeand Historieal Geography M Kurtz

Time Geographie Analysis M Oijst

Time Geography M Gren

Time Series Analysis G M Robinson

Time-Spaee Diaries T Schwanen

Tourism T Edensor

Tourism, Rural M Cawley

Tourism, Urban T Hall

Trade Bloes J P H Poon

Taylor, G. J M Powell

Taylor, P. J Glassman

Teehnologieal Change G Norcliffe

Teehnology and Regional Development

Teehnology Industries C G Alvstam

Teleeommunieations

Trade, International

8 Warf

R Grant

J Zhang

159

162

165

171

177

183

190

196

209

215

220

223

229

231

237

247

256

259

266

279

285

294

301

313

318

324

329

P J Hugil/ 338

345

350

355

Ix Contents

Translation F M Smith

Transnational Corporations in Developing Countries C Bemdt

Transnational Elites K Olds

Transnational Ethnic Networks Jinn- Yuh Hsu

Transnationalism 0 Ley

Transnationalism and Labor Geography P F Kelly

Transnationalism and Technology Transfer J-Y Hsu

Transnationality S Huang

Transport and Accessibility J Gutierrez

Transport and Deregulation P White and A Sturt

Transport and Globalization K O'Connot

Transport and Social Exclusion J Hine

Transport and Sustainability K Button

Transport Geography R 0 Knowles

Transport, Public J Preston

Transport, Rural 0 Banister

Transport, Urban B P Y Loo

Transportation and Land Use S-L Shaw

Travel and Travel-Writing R Phillips

Trend Surface Models 0 J Unwin

Triangulation A Nightingale

Tropical Geography M Power

Tuan, Y-F T Cresswell

VOLUME 12

U

Uncertainty M F Goodehild

Underclass C Haylett

Uneven Development B Christophers

Uneven Regional Development R Hudson

Urban Architecture P Kraft!

Urban Design E Street

Urban Growth Machine S Rodgers

Urban Habitats/Nature J Byme and J Woleh

Urban Modeling M Batty

Urban Morphologies, Historical T R Slater

Urban Morphology K 0 Lilley

Urban Order M Jayne and 0 Bell

Urban Planning and Human Geography J Dodson and B Gleeson

361

368

376

383

388

394

400

404

410

418

424

429

435

441

452

460

465

470

476

484

489

493

499

6

12

18

24

32

40

46

51

59

66

70

77

Contents lxi

84

89

94

101

106

112

119

125

K H Halfacree

G BrownUtopian Cities

Urban Policy A Cochrane

Urban Regimes M Lauria and R K Whelan

Urban Representation/lmagination P KraftI and J Horton

Urban Village G Crow

Urbanism G Bridge

Urbanization P Knox

Urban-Rural Continuum

vVenture Capital C Mason

Vichianism (After Vico) 0 Kunze

Vidal oe la Blache, P. G Mercier

B Wisner

F MacDonaldVisuality

Visualization, Feminist

Voluntary Sector

von Humboldt, A.

Vulnerability

M Pavlovskaya

C Mil/igan

A Buttimer

131

138

147

151

157

165

171

176

w

World-System K Terlouw

Wreford Watson, J. GM Robinson

Wright, J. K. I M Keighren

War, Historical Geography and N C Johnson

Waste Management M Watson

Water Fiona AI/on

Water Management 0 Kay

Wateriront Development M Davidson

Watts, M. J. S Batterbury

Welfare Geography R Lee and C Philo

Welfare Reform 0 Conradson

Wetlands and Reclamation

World/Global Cities

183

189

195

201

207

215

222

224

230

235

241

247

254

260

262

269

279

281

MG Hatvany

B Derudder

L Peake

C R Warren

G P Clarke

SC MacKian

V MamadouhWar

Wellbeing

Whiteness

Wilderness

Wilson, A.

y

YouthlYouth Cultures L Holt 283

Index 289