ORIGINAL ARTICLE

International Multidisciplinary

Research Journal

Research Directions

Editor-in-ChiefS.P. Rajguru

Vol 2 Issue 3 Sept 2014 ISSN No: 2321-5488

S. N. Gosavi Shrikant Yelegaonkar Punjabrao Ronge D. R. More

T. N. Kolekar Seema Naik M. L. Jadhav Annie John

Suhas Nimbalkar Adusumalli Venkateswara Raw Deepa P. Patil R.D.Bawdhankar

Ajit Mondal

Advisory Board

Welcome to Research DirectionISSN No.2321-5488

Research DirectionJournal is a multidisciplinary research journal, published monthly in English, Hindi & Marathi Language. All research papers submitted to the journal will be double - blind peer reviewed referred by members of the editorial board readers will include investigator in universities, research institutes government and industry with research interest in the general subjects.

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Maryam Ebadi Asayesh Henry HartonoIslamic Azad University, Iran Soegijapranata Catholic University, Indonesia

Judith F. Balares Salamat Mukesh WilliamsDepartment of Humanities, IASPI, Philippines University of Tokyo, Japan

Guest Referee

Rajyshree Khushoo T. Ravichandran Seema Murugan Jyotirmaya Tripathi IIT, Roorkee IIT, Kanpur IIT, Kharagpur IIT, Madras

Toposhri Kalluri Nikhilkumar D. Joshi Dr.kiranjeet kaur Nikhil joshiIIT, Delhi Gujrat Dept.of English G.H.patel college of

Engineering and Technology,Gujrat.

Sub Editors (Dept. Of Humanities & Social Science)

CHIEF PATRON PATRON Mr. Sanjeev Patil Suhasini Shan

Chairman : Chairman - Central Div. Rayat Shikshan Sanstha, Satara. LMC & Director - Precision Industries, Solapur.

EDITOR IN CHIEF S.P. Rajguru

Asst. Prof. (Dept. of English) Rayat Shikshan Sanstha's, L. B. P. Mahila Mahavidyalaya, Solapur. (M.S.)

KEY WORDS:

NDVI, Vegetation Change, Satellite Image, Remote Sensing.

INTRODUCTION:

The study of vegetation is necessary in present situation, because the increasing population is changing the vegetation lands into the barren and built-up lands. there are several methods have been used by the researchers to find out the vegetation cover on the earth surface, among the various method NDVI is popular method, since it gives the higher accuracy of result, which also reduce the cost, time and human power. After the invention of remote sensing and GIS technology the spatial analysis have been improved rapidly. For the present study three temporal satellite image data have been collected from the Global Land Cover Facility and it has been used to analysis the temporal changes of vegetation in the study area using NDVI technique in GIS environment.

2. STUDY AREA

The study area is located in the Southern part of Karnataka State, with an area of 5676 km2. It lies between north latitude 11°40’ 58” and 12°06’32” and east longitude 76 °24’14” and 77°46’55’, that is bounded by Mysore, Mandya and Ramanagar on north on south by Cannanore District of Kerala State, Nilgiris District on the east by Salem and Coimbatore districts of Tamilnadu State. The study area receives rainfall from southwest monsoon from June to September and northeast monsoon from October to December. Overall on an average, there are 67 normal rainy days.

Abstract:

The present study has conducted to find out the changes of vegetation cover in the Chamarajanagar district in Karnataka. The remotely sensed data has been obtained from the concern source has been used adopting NDVI technique to find out the changes in vegetation. The result of study shows the vegetation cover in the study area has been decreasing slowly.

EVALUATION OF VEGETATION COVER IN CHAMARAJANAGAR DISTRICT USING

NDVI TECHNIQUE

Research Article

Research Directions Volume 2 | Issue 3 | Sept 2014

1 2 2Jayashree , B.Mahalingam and Arun Kumar. S

1Department of Studies in Geography, Manasagangothri, University of Mysore, Mysore 2Centre for Geoinformtics Technology, Manasagangothri, University of Mysore, Mysore

ISSN:-2321-5488

Impact Factor : 2.1005 (UIF)

1

Map: 1 Location of Study Area

3. METHODOLOGY

The study is based on secondary data, which has been collected from the concern source. The satellite imagery of years 1989 (Land sat TM), 1999 (Land sat ETM+) and 2003 (Land sat ETM+)have been downloaded from Global Land Cover Facility website (map:2).The error free remote sensing data for the study area was not available after the year of 2003, so the present study has been done based on the freely available data till the year 2003, which were download from the internet. The study has adopted NDVI technique to find out the vegetation changes in the study area. To analysis the data ERDAS Imagine and ArcGIS has been used. The chart below describes the detailed steps of methods used in the study.

3.1 Normalized Difference Vegetation Index

The Normalized Difference Vegetation Index is a numerical indicator that uses the visible and near-infrared bands of the electromagnetic spectrum, and is adopted to analyze remote sensing measurements and assess whether the target being observed contains live green vegetation or not.

The formula for calculation NDVI is

NDVI = (NIR-R) / (NIR+R)

WhereNDVI = Normalized Difference Vegetation IndexNIR = Near Infra-red Band R = Red band

The figure 1 shows the methods followed in the present study.

EVALUATION OF VEGETATION COVER IN CHAMARAJANAGAR DISTRICT USING NDVI TECHNIQUE

Research Directions | Volume 2 | Issue 3 | Sept 2014

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3Research Directions | Volume 2 | Issue 3 | Sept 2014

EVALUATION OF VEGETATION COVER IN CHAMARAJANAGAR DISTRICT USING NDVI TECHNIQUE

4. RESULT AND DISCUSSION

4.1 Changes of Vegetation Cover

The study of each selected year vegetation cover shows that, the study area has been covered 5572.75 km2 by vegetation during the year 1989, and it has been decreased into 5552.25 km2 in the year of 1999, again in the year of 2003 it has been decreased into 5476.25 km2. The result of vegetation cover in these three selected years depicts that, the vegetation cover in the study area has been decreasing slowly.

The comparison of vegetation cover between selected years have been done once the vegetation coverof each year have found (Map: 3). The study of comparison between selected years shows that, 0.37 km2 has been decreased from the year 1989 to 1999, and the area 1.37 km2 has been decreased from the year 1999 to 2003 (Table:1). The Map 3 shows the spatial vegetation cover of study area, the colour green represents the vegetation cover while white spaces represents the other than vegetation in the study area.

4.2 Classification of Vegetation Cover

The classification vegetation cover has been done for each year, once the assessment of overall study area vegetation cover have been completed. The result of each year vegetation cover has been classified into four groups, such as lowest, moderate, highest and other than vegetation land use. The map below clearly shows how the vegetation has been classified and how it was distributed spatially.

5. CONCLUSION

The study of vegetation cover using NDVI technique shows that, the study area vegetation has

4Research Directions | Volume 2 | Issue 3 | Sept 2014

Table: 1 Area Covered by Vegetation

YEAR Area Covered by

Vegetation (km2)

Area Covered by

Vegetation (%)

Changes

(km2)

1989 5572.75 98.16 -

1999 5552.25 97.8 -0.37

2003 5476.25 96.46 -1.37

Source: Calculaed by Researcher

EVALUATION OF VEGETATION COVER IN CHAMARAJANAGAR DISTRICT USING NDVI TECHNIQUE

been decreasing slowly. The present study has been analysed vegetation cover changes between the years 1989 to 2003 using remote sensing data, which were downloaded for free of cost from the concern website. The remote sensing data after the year of 2003 was having errors in it, so the study has not analysis changes after the year 2003. Therefore based on the result of present study, the study recommends NDVI technique for the vegetation cover changes and the study also suggest that, analyse and compare of vegetation cover changes after year 2003 with the present study would bring the better result to find out the long term changes as well as to know about the present scenario.

REFERENCE

1.Akbar Sha A., (1988), integrated development of forests in Western Ghats, Karnataka Forest Department.2.Ana Isabel Tan Sotomayor (2002) “A spatial Analysis of Different forest Cover Types Using GIS and Remote sensing Techniques”. International Institute for Geo information Science and Earth observation Enschede, The Netherlands, pp. 1-923.Campbell J., (1996), Introduction to Remote Sensing, Taylor and Francis publication, second edition.4.Daniels R.J.R., (1989), A Conservation Strategy for the Birds of U Kannada district, Ph.D. thesis, Centre for Ecological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, pg.: 27-47.5.Fazel Amiri (2010) “Using Remote Sensing Data for Vegetation Cover Assessment in Semi-Arid Rangeland of Center Province of Iran”. World Applied Sciences Journal, pp. 1818-49526.Feeley, K.J., T.W. Gillespie & J.W. Trborgh. (2005) “The utility of spectral indices from Landsat ETM+ for Measuring the Structure and Composition of Tropical Dry Forests. Biotropica 37: 508-519”7.Gillespie, T.W. (2005). Predicting woody plant species richness in tropical dry forests: A case study from south Florida. Ecol. Appl. 15:19-26.8.Hongrui Zhao (2008) Agriculture drought and fire monitoring in Chongqing city with MODIS and metrological, The International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences. Vol. XXXVII9.Junming Wang (2010) Review of Satellite Remote Sensing Use in Forest Health Studies, the Open Geography Journal, Volume 3, PP 28-4210.Menon S. and Bawa K.S., (1997), Applications of Geographic Information systems, Remote Sensing, and Landscape ecology approach to biodiversity conservation in the Western Ghats, Current Science, July 25 1997, Vol. 73, pg.: 134-146.11.Murali K.S., Setty R.S, Ganeshaiah K.N., and Uma Shaanker R., (1998) Does forest type classification reflect spatial dynamics of vegetation? An analysis using GIS techniques, Current Science, August 10 1998, Vol. 75, pg.: 220-227.12.Murphy, P.G. & A.E. Lugo. (1986). Ecology of tropical dryforest. Annu. Rev. Ecol. Syst. 17: 66-8813.Muthu Selvaraj, (2013) “Assessment of forest cover dynamics through remote sensing and GIS for pachamalai reserve forest of Tamilnadu, India”. International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications, Volume 4 pp. 2250-3 14.Pascal J.P (1988), Wet Evergreen Forests of Western Ghats of India- Ecology, Structure, floristic composition and Succession, French Institute, Pondicherry.15.Prasad S.N., (1998), Conservation planning for the Western Ghats of Kerala: Assessment of habitat loss and degradation, Current Science, August 10, 1998, Vol. 75, and pg.: 228-235.16.Prasad S.N., Vijayan L., Balachandran S., Ramachandran V.S., and Verghese C.P.A., (1998), Conservation planning for the Western Ghats of Kerala: A GIS approach for location of biodiversity hot spots,Current Science, August 10 1998, Vol. 75, pg.: 211-219.17.Ravinder Virk (2006) “Comparison of Techniques for Forest Change Mapping UsingLandsat Data in Karnataka, India”. Go-cart International, Vol. 21 pp. 1-5718.Shamshad Alam Jamal.M (2014) “Assessment of forest density using geospatial techniques of a tropical protected area”. International Journal of Remote Sensing & Geoscience, pp. 2319-3484, Volume 2, Issue 5, Sept. 2013 19.Sharif, M. A. (2004) “remote sensing and GIS application to support effective monitoring and certification process of production forest in Indonesia”. Volume 2, pp.0976-4380

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EVALUATION OF VEGETATION COVER IN CHAMARAJANAGAR DISTRICT USING NDVI TECHNIQUE

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