INTERNATIONAL MARITIME ORGANIZATION

MARITIME KNOWLEDGE CENTRE (MKC)

“Sharing Maritime Knowledge”

CURRENT AWARENESS BULLETIN

DECEMBER 2018

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Maritime Knowledge Centre (MKC)

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Maritime Knowledge Centre (MKC)

CURRENT AWARENESS BULLETIN | Vol. XXX | No. 12 | December 2018 1

About the MKC Current Awareness Bulletin (CAB) The aim of the MKC Current Awareness Bulletin (CAB) is to provide a digest of news and publications focusing on key subjects and themes related to the work of IMO. Each CAB issue presents headlines from the previous month. For copyright reasons, the Current Awareness Bulletin (CAB) contains brief excerpts only. Links to the complete articles or abstracts on publishers' sites are included, although access may require payment or subscription. The MKC Current Awareness Bulletin is disseminated monthly and issues from the current and the past years are free to download from this page. Email us if you would like to receive email notification when the most recent Current Awareness Bulletin is available to be downloaded.

The Current Awareness Bulletin (CAB) is published by the Maritime Knowledge Centre and is not an official IMO publication. Inclusion does not imply any endorsement by IMO.

Table of Contents

IMO NEWS & EVENTS ............................................................................................................................ 2 UNITED NATIONS ................................................................................................................................... 3 CASUALTIES............................................................................................................................................ 5 ENVIRONMENT ....................................................................................................................................... 6 ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION ............................................................................................................. 8 IMO ........................................................................................................................................................... 9 LAW & POLICY....................................................................................................................................... 10 MARINE TECHNOLOGY ........................................................................................................................ 14 MARITIME EDUCATION & TRAINING .................................................................................................. 16 MARITIME SAFETY ............................................................................................................................... 17 MARITIME SECURITY ........................................................................................................................... 18 MIGRANTS ............................................................................................................................................. 19 NAVIGATION & COMMUNICATIONS.................................................................................................... 20 PIRACY ................................................................................................................................................... 21 PORT STATE CONTROL ....................................................................................................................... 21 PORTS & HARBOURS ........................................................................................................................... 21 REGULATIONS ...................................................................................................................................... 23 SALVAGE ............................................................................................................................................... 24 SEAFARERS .......................................................................................................................................... 25 SEARCH & RESCUE ............................................................................................................................. 26 SHIP RECYCLING ................................................................................................................................. 27 SHIPBUILDING & SHIPREPAIR ............................................................................................................ 28 SHIPPING ............................................................................................................................................... 28 RESEARCH ............................................................................................................................................ 32

Maritime Knowledge Centre (MKC)

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IMO NEWS & EVENTS WHAT’S NEW

International Maritime Prize presented to Mrs. Birgit Sølling Olsen The prestigious International Maritime Prize for 2017 has been presented to Mrs. Birgit Sølling Olsen, former Deputy Director-General of the Danish Maritime Authority. IMO Secretary-General Kitack Lim presented the prize on Thursday (6 December) at the annual IMO Awards ceremony, “Mrs. Olsen has had a distinguished career in the maritime field and made an outstanding contribution to the objectives of IMO. Her comprehensive knowledge of maritime law is combined with a deep understanding of the business aspects and growth potential of the maritime industry,” Mr Lim said. More... Rescue diver from China who saved three recognized with IMO bravery accolade A rescue diver from China who made a series of underwater dives to rescue three people from a sunken cargo ship, received the 2018 IMO Award for Exceptional Bravery at Sea during the this year’s IMO Awards ceremony (6 December). Mr. Zhong Haifeng, senior diver and deputy of the Engineering Team of Guangzhou Salvage was recognized for his tireless efforts under highly dangerous circumstances, repeatedly diving into the dark and submerged cargo hold of a ship to bring out survivors. He was nominated for the award by the Government of China. More...

IMO MEETINGS FOR 2019 Maritime Safety Committee (MSC), 100th session 3 – 7 December 2018

LATEST PRESS BRIEFINGS Safe and sustainable ship recycling project in Bangladesh - second phase launched Briefing: 25, December 10, 2018 Visions of the future as Maritime Safety Committee celebrates 100th session Briefing: 22, December 6, 2018 RECENT SPEECHES BY IMO SECRETARY-GENERAL KITACK LIM IMO NEWS MAGAZINE (Autumn 2018) IMO PUBLISHING Just Published 2018 December 2018 Newsletter

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UNITED NATIONS G20 told crucial COP24 climate change conference 'must succeed': Guterres. UN News. 30 November 2018. Available from: https://news.un.org/en/story/2018/11/1027101 As well as mistrust between nations, and the risk of confrontation and escalation, Mr, Guterres said that there was a lack of trust between peoples in general and institutions everywhere, both at a national level – in the form of governments and parliaments – and internationally; because globalization has divided the world into winners and losers.

COP24: green, gender focus, as UN's crucial climate change conference gets underway.

UN News. 2 December 2018. Available from: https://news.un.org/en/story/2018/12/1027261 Days after the UN sounded the alarm on the unprecedented levels of greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere, the world is gathering to define how the 2015 Paris Agreement will be implemented and moved forward.

Four things the UN chief wants world leaders to know, at key COP24 climate conference opening. UN News. 3 December 2018. Available from:

https://news.un.org/en/story/2018/12/1027321 The two-week 24th conference in Katowice, Poland, of the parties to the UN Climate Change Convention (UNFCCC), technically started on Sunday, but Monday saw the high-level grand opening.

COP24: A million lives could be saved by 2050 through climate action, UN health agency reveals. UN News. 5 December 2018. Available from: https://news.un.org/en/story/2018/12/1027661 As the world is coming together to define ways to move forward on climate action and the realization of the objectives defined in the 2015 Paris Agreement, WHO stressed that it's not just the planet that would benefit - an estimated one million lives could be saved through reductions in air pollution alone.

COP24 addresses climate change displacement ahead of crunch migration meeting. UN News. 8 December 2018. Available from: https://news.un.org/en/story/2018/12/1028011 As hundreds of decision-makers are gathering in Marrakech to agree new standards for global migration, the United Nations climate change conference 'COP24' is looking at concrete ways to help countries tackle large-scale displacement caused by the impacts of climate change, including water scarcity, flooding, storms and rising sea levels.

Governments adopt UN global migration pact to help 'prevent suffering and chaos'. UN News. 10 December 2018. Available from: https://news.un.org/en/story/2018/12/1028041 Speaking at the opening intergovernmental session, Mr. Guterres, said that the Compact provides a platform for "humane, sensible, mutually beneficial action" resting on two "simple ideas".

COP24 negotiations: Why reaching agreement on climate action is so complex. UN News. 11 December 2018. Available from: https://news.un.org/en/story/2018/12/1028261 "We cannot fail in Katowice," said UN Secretary-General António Guterres in the opening ceremony, on 3 December.

Adopting two resolutions, general assembly speakers stress that healthy, resilient oceans, seas play central role in achieving sustainable development goals. United Nations. 11 December 2018. Available from: https://www.un.org/press/en/2018/ga12103 The General Assembly today adopted two texts on the oceans and seas linked to the implementation of the landmark 1982 United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, with speakers asserting during the annual debate on the matter that healthy, productive, resilient oceans and seas are central to sustainable development.

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IOM lauds adoption of Global Compact for migration. International Organization for Migration (IOM). 11 December 2018. Available from: https://www.iom.int/news/iom-lauds-adoption-global-compact-migration-0 On 10 December, the International Organization for Migration (IOM) hailed the adoption of the Global Compact for Safe, Orderly and Regular Migration, calling it an historic achievement by the international community.

Failing to agree on climate action would 'not only be immoral' but 'suicidal', UN chief tells COP24. UN News. 12 December 2018. Available from: https://news.un.org/en/story/2018/12/1028311 "In my opening statement to this conference one week ago…I warned that climate change is running faster than we are and that Katowice must — in no uncertain terms — be a success, as a necessary platform to reverse this trend," said Secretary-General Guterres.

Yemen talks: Truce agreed over key port city of Hudaydah. UN News. 13 December 2018. Available from: https://news.un.org/en/story/2018/12/1028441 Speaking on the last day of UN-led talks in Sweden to decide the future of the war-torn country, where its people are in the grip of the world's worst humanitarian crisis, Mr. Guterres told those present that they had "the future of Yemen" in their hands.

At COP24, countries agree concrete way forward to bring the Paris climate deal to life.

UN News. 15 December 2018. Available from: https://news.un.org/en/story/2018/12/1028681 After two weeks of crunch negotiations – with overtime – the almost 200 parties gathered in Katowice, Poland, for the United Nations COP24 two-week climate change conference, adopted on Saturday a "robust" set of implementing guidelines for the landmark 2015 Paris Agreement, aimed at keeping global warming well below 2°C compared to pre-industrial levels.

New era of global climate action to begin under Paris climate change agreement. United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). 15 December 2018. Available from: https://unfccc.int/news/new-era-of-global-climate-action-to-begin-under-paris-climate-change-agreement-0 Governments have adopted a robust set of guidelines for implementing the landmark 2015 Paris Climate Change Agreement.

UN refugee agency presses States to aid 49 refugees stranded on Mediterranean. UN News.

31 December 2018. Available from: https://news.un.org/en/story/2018/12/1029582 An NGO (non-governmental organization) Vessel called The Sea Watch 3 has been carrying 32 people since 22 December, while another 17 were rescued by the Sea Eye on 29 December.

On last day of 2018, UNHCR urges rapid solution for refugees stranded on Mediterranean Sea. United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees. 31 December 2018. Available from: https://www.unhcr.org/uk/news/press/2018/12/5c2a0e364/day-2018-unhcr-urges-rapid-solution-refugees-stranded-mediterranean-sea.html UNHCR, the UN Refugee Agency, is appealing to States to urgently offer safe ports and disembarkation to two NGO vessels on the Mediterranean carrying 49 rescued refugees and migrants, including young children.

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CASUALTIES ONE containership rescues sailor from stricken yacht in the Atlantic. By Marcus Hand. Seatrade Maritime News. 3 December 2018. Available from: www.seatrade-maritime.com/news/americas/one-containership-rescues-sailor-from-stricken-yacht-in-the-atlantic.html The NYK Nebula rescued a Canadian-French sailor on board a yacht in the North Atlantic Ocean that had suffered a torn sail.

Report: One dead, one missing as Chinese freighter sinks in the Bohai Sea. World Maritime News. 10 December 2018. Available from: https://worldmaritimenews.com/archives/266374/report-one-dead-one-missing-as-chinese-freighter-sinks-in-the-bohai-sea/ The ship got into trouble while battling a snow storm and plummeting water temperature North West of Weifang, Shandong province.

Crewman killed as cargoship breaks in two. By Gary Dixon. TradeWinds. 11 December 2018. Available from: https://www.tradewindsnews.com/casualties/1653377/crewman-killed-as-cargoship-breaks-in-two A crewman has died after his general cargoship broke in two off China.

Accident analysis: Action needed on recruitment and training. Maritime Executive. 12 December 2018. Available from: https://maritime-executive.com/article/accident-analysis-action-needed-on-recruitment-and-training An analysis of shipping accidents between 2002 and 2016 has highlighted recruitment and training issues as a key factor that the industry should address.

Accident Investigation report 21/2018: Crush incident involving a falling hatch cover on general cargo vessel SMN Explorer with loss of 1 life. UK Marine Accident Investigation Branch (MAIB). 13 December 2018. Available from: https://www.gov.uk/maib-reports/crush-incident-involving-a-falling-hatch-cover-on-general-cargo-vessel-smn-explorer-with-loss-of-1-life A crewman from the Liberian registered general cargo vessel, SMN Explorer, died when he was crushed by a falling hatch cover. Report

VIDEO: tanker breaks in two in Ghana. By Gary Dixon. TradeWinds. 14 December 2018. Available from: https://www.tradewindsnews.com/casualties/1656867/video-tanker-breaks-in-two-in-

ghana A veteran tanker has broken in two off the port of Tema in Ghana.

Two minors rescued from Mediterranean floating on truck tire. Deutsche Welle (Germany). 15 December 2018. Available from: https://www.dw.com/en/two-minors-rescued-from-

mediterranean-floating-on-truck-tire/a-46759027 The two migrants were picked up in Spain's Bay of Algeciras after crossing from Morocco on the large rubber tire.

Cargo vessel grounded off Humber - UPDATED. UK Maritime & Coastguard Agency. 17 December 2018. Available from: http://hmcoastguard.blogspot.com/2018/12/cargo-vessel-

grounded-off-humber.html HM Coastguard and Vessel Traffic Services (VTS) Humber are working to resolve a situation involving a cargo vessel which went aground off Humber on Saturday evening.

People fall off cruise ships with alarming regularity. Can anything be done to stop it? By Rosie Spinks. Quartz. 17 December 2018. Available from: https://qz.com/1443797/why-do-people-keep-falling-off-cruise-ships-because-people-keep-stepping-onto-them/ On May 12, 2016, Samantha Broberg—a mother of two and stepmother to two more—boarded the Carnival Liberty in Galveston, Texas with two girlfriends.

Six hurt as pilot boat explodes next to VLGC. By Gary Dixon. TradeWinds. 17 December 2018. Available from: https://www.tradewindsnews.com/casualties/1657998/six-hurt-as-pilot-boat-explodes-next-to-vlgc Six people have been injured after a pilot boat suffered an explosion next to a VLGC in Malaysia.

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Bulk carrier aground. UK Maritime & Coastguard Agency. 18 December 2018. Available from: http://hmcoastguard.blogspot.com/2018/12/bulk-carrier-aground.html HM Coastguard is currently coordinating assistance to a 180 metre bulk carrier which dragged her anchor and grounded on the western side of the port entrance between Swanpool and Gullyngvase beaches at around 0540.

Russian carrier ship which ran aground off Cornwall is refloated. UK Maritime & Coastguard Agency. 18 December 2018. Available from: http://hmcoastguard.blogspot.com/2018/12/russian-carrier-ship-which-ran-aground.html The Kuzma Minin has been successfully refloated following a combined effort between five harbour tugs and a salvage vessel.

Six lorries tip over on P&O ferry. By Gary Dixon. TradeWinds. 18 December 2018. Available from: https://www.tradewindsnews.com/casualties/1659220/six-lorries-tip-over-on-pando-ferry A major incident has been declared in Scotland after six lorries tipped over in bad weather on a P&O ferry.

Lorries overturn on ferry at Cairnryan in Scotland as high winds wreak havoc. Sky News. 18 December 2018. Available from: https://news.sky.com/story/lorries-overturn-on-ferry-at-

cairnryan-in-scotland-as-high-winds-wreak-havoc-11585065 The weather conditions wreaked havoc on the P&O-run vessel on Tuesday morning, with some passengers left trapped in their vehicles due to the damage caused.

CHIRP Maritime: In 2018, we have seen a continuance of fatalities. By Jeff Parfitt. Maritime Executive. 25 December 2018. Available from: https://www.maritime-executive.com/editorials/chirp-maritime-in-2018-we-have-seen-a-continuance-of-fatalities As 2018 draws to a close, it is time for us here at CHIRP Maritime to reflect upon this years' maritime events as reported in the worldwide media: events that in our view have highlighted safety at sea or more to the point, the lack of it. Coast Guard, good Samaritans responding to vessel fire in Pacific Ocean. United States Coast Guard. 31 December 2018. Available from: https://content.govdelivery.com/accounts/USDHSCG/bulletins/2259414 The Coast Guard and good Samaritans aboard several commercial vessels are responding to a reported vessel fire on the 650-foot Sincerity Ace 1,800 nautical miles (2071 statute miles) northwest of Oahu on the high seas, Monday.

Search Launched for the Wreck of the Stellar Daisy. Maritime Executive. 31 December 2018. Available from: https://www.maritime-executive.com/article/search-launched-for-the-wreck-of-the-stellar-daisy American subsea survey company Ocean Infinity has been hired by the government of South Korea to conduct a search for the Stellar Daisy, the ore carrier that went down with 22 crewmembers in March 2017.

ENVIRONMENT All-female crew racing for Clean Seas. United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP). 29 November 2018. Available from: https://www.unenvironment.org/news-and-stories/story/all-female-crew-racing-clean-seas In a bid to promote ocean health and sustainability, and encourage stronger female representation in Australian sailing, the first all-female professional crew to enter the Rolex Sydney Hobart Yacht Race has announced its campaign to win the coveted Tattersall Cup in Hobart.

Know your NDCs from your LMDCs: A climate diplomacy glossary. By Karl Mathiesen and Megan Darby. Climate Home News. 30 November 2018. Available from: www.climatechangenews.com/2018/11/30/know-ndcs-lmdcs-climate-diplomacy-glossary/ This is a glossary of the key concepts, forums and alliances you need to navigate the UN negotiations and diplomacy that surrounds them.

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World Bank Group announces $200 billion over five years for climate action. World Bank. 3 December 2018. Available from: http://www.worldbank.org/en/news/press-

release/2018/12/03/world-bank-group-announces-200-billion-over-five-years-for-climate-action The World Bank Group today announced a major new set of climate targets for 2021-2025, doubling its current 5-year investments to around $200 billion in support for countries to take ambitious climate action.

Illegal fishing poses major threat to Kenya's budding blue economy. By Wainaina Wambu and Otiato Guguyu. Standard Digital (Kenya). 4 December 2018. Available from: https://www.standardmedia.co.ke/article/2001304946/illegal-fishing-poses-major-threat-to-kenya-s-budding-blue-economy As the glamour and glitz of hosting the Blue Economy Conference and the side shows that went with it, including Nairobi Governor Mike Sonko's strange accent, fade, Kenya has been left with a lot to ponder.

EU Copernicus-backed research highlights worrying decline in ocean health. All About Shipping. 7 December 2018. Available from: www.allaboutshipping.co.uk/2018/12/07/eu-copernicus-backed-research-highlights-worrying-decline-in-ocean-health/ Issued as an annual JOO special supplement, the Copernicus Marine Service Ocean State Report charts physical changes taking places in the world's ocean over several decades.

Climate science on 1.5C erased at UN talks as US and Saudis step in. By Sara Stefanini and Karl Mathiesen. Climate Home News. 8 December 2018. Available from: http://www.climatechangenews.com/2018/12/08/climate-science-1-5c-erased-un-talks-us-saudis-step/ By failing to reach agreement after two and half hours of emotional negotiations, delegates in Katowice set the scene for a political fight next week over the importance of the UN's landmark scientific report on the effects of a 1.5C rise in the global temperature.

Commonwealth ocean action gains traction at COP24. The Commonwealth. 9 December 2018. Available from: http://thecommonwealth.org/media/news/commonwealth-ocean-action-gains-traction-cop24 "Real experiences" are what drove some Commonwealth countries to take up the banner for the ocean, stepping forward to champion action groups of like-minded members working together to tackle some of the world's most pressing ocean problems. The Commonwealth Blue Charter

PNA members add political weight to Pacific push to keep EEZ rights if members lose land to sea level rise. Pacific Islands News Association (PINA). 9 December 2018. Available from: http://www.pina.com.fj/index.php?p=pacnews&m=read&o=12824771125c0de945a49fb83c2c44 The eight nations that are Parties to the Nauru agreement (PNA) are to investigate ways to claim their current 200-mile exclusive economic zones before they lose land to climate change-induced sea level rise.

The Talanoa Dialogue explained. By Natalie Sauer. Climate Home News. 10 December 2018. Available from: http://www.climatechangenews.com/2018/12/10/talanoa-dialogue-explained/ That was the thinking when the Fijian presidency of the 2017 UN climate talks proposed to bring together governments and civil society through the unconventional platform of the Talanoa Dialogue.

Arctic Report Card tracks region's environmental changes. US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). 11 December 2018. Available from:

https://www.noaa.gov/media-release/arctic-report-card-tracks-region-s-environmental-changes NOAA's annual report card on the Arctic, released today at the American Geophysical Union fall meeting in Washington, D.C., measures the changing climate of the polar region including warmer air and ocean temperatures and declines in sea-ice that are driving shifts in animal habitats.

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As it happened: Final scramble for deal at climate talks in Poland. Climate Home News. 14 December 2018. Available from: http://www.climatechangenews.com/2018/12/14/live-final-scramble-deal-climate-talks-poland/ The verdict: it is a more comprehensive deal than many expected and a win for multilateralism against the odds BUT more political leadership will be needed to fulfil the promise of the Paris Agreement.

IMarEST publishes its progress towards supporting UN SDG 14 - 'life below water'. Institute of Marine Engineering, Science and Technology (IMarEST). 14 December 2018. Available from: https://www.imarest.org/policy-news/institute-news/item/4630 The IMarEST made two voluntary commitments to assist with the implementation of the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) intended to sustain the marine environment.

'We will have to stop using the oceans as waste deposit sites'. By Eric Martin. TradeWinds. 14 December 2018. Available from: https://www.tradewindsnews.com/legal/1656732/we-will-have-to-stop-using-the-oceans-as-waste-deposit-sites The debate in Tradewinds about scrubbers is just fascinating in its lack of understanding of the urgent demands of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, the Katowice Climate Change Conference and the Paris Climate agreement.

Newfoundlanders worried, but hopeful, about the state of the ocean. Canadian Broadcasting Corporation (CBC). 15 December 2018. Available from: https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/newfoundland-labrador/national-geographic-bursary-researcher-1.4939119 Newfoundlanders are hopeful about the long-term health of the ocean surrounding them but that doesn't mean they aren't worried at the same time, says a Memorial University PhD student currently travelling the island for research.

New project to explore deep-seafloor mineral deposits. UK National Oceanography Centre (NOC). 18 December 2018. Available from: https://noc.ac.uk/news/new-project-explore-deep-seafloor-mineral-deposits Deep-seafloor mineral deposits can provide vital new metals for emerging technologies, including those that will reduce greenhouse gas emissions.

ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION COP24: how a plastics treaty could clean up our oceans. By Elizabeth Kirk. The Conversation. 3 December 2018. Available from: https://theconversation.com/cop24-how-a-plastics-treaty-could-clean-up-our-oceans-107743 It seems new action to tackle plastic pollution is announced every week, from the 5p plastic bag charge to governments debating a tax on plastic packaging.

Microplastics found in all sea turtle species. University of Exeter (UK). 5 December 2018. Available from: https://www.exeter.ac.uk/news/featurednews/title_695428_en.html Researchers from the University of Exeter and Plymouth Marine Laboratory, working with the Greenpeace Research Laboratories, looked for synthetic particles (less than 5mm in length) including microplastics in 102 sea turtles in the Atlantic, Pacific and Mediterranean.

IOPC: Calming troubled waters. By Adam Corbett. TradeWinds. 5 December 2018. Available from: https://www.tradewindsnews.com/TWplus/1622289/iopc-calming-troubled-waters Jose Maura knows first-hand what it is like to experience pollution from an oil spill.

China assures solution to marine pollution in the Bohai Sea. By Vera Dee. Business Times (China). 12 December 2018. Available from: http://en.businesstimes.cn/articles/105766/20181212/china-assures-solution-marine-pollution-bohai-sea.htm China vowed that they will make the necessary actions to largely reduce the volume of pollutants caused by industries in the Bohai Sea.

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New collaboration addresses marine plastic pollution. By Karin Stubgaard. Technical University of Denmark (DTU). 13 December 2018. Available from: https://www.dtu.dk/english/news/nyhed?id=984af3bf-1196-489f-ade1-003d4c1c561c Plastics in the ocean is one of today's fastest growing environmental problems.

Vessel exhaust's effect on Southern resident killer whales. By Heather Spaulding. Journal of the San Juan Islands (US). 15 December 2018. Available from: http://www.sanjuanjournal.com/news/vessel-exhausts-impact-on-southern-resident-killer-whales/ During the peak tourist season, fumes settle over the water like a thick blanket.

Shipping workers say blind eye turned to lead-zinc ocean spills for years. By Jane Bardon. ABC (Australia). 16 December 2018. Available from: https://www.abc.net.au/news/2018-12-16/whistleblowers-raise-alarm-about-lead-dust-in-ocean-from-ships/10623596 Former crewmen who worked on the barge which brings lead-zinc concentrate from the Northern Territory's McArthur River Mine to be loaded onto export ships have alleged they witnessed regular spills of the product overboard for a decade.

IMO New CMI President wants closer ties with IMO. By Wendy Laursen. Maritime Executive. 1 December 2018. Available from: https://maritime-executive.com/features/new-cmi-president-wants-closer-ties-with-imo Christopher O. Davis of Baker Donelson was elected president of the Comité Maritime International (CMI) last month, and MarEx spoke to him about his ambitions.

Ship line MSC sees over $2 billion in annual fuel costs from IMO rules. By Jonathan Saul. Reuters. 3 December 2018. Available from: https://uk.reuters.com/article/uk-shipping-msc-imo/ship-line-msc-sees-over-2-billion-in-annual-fuel-costs-from-imo-rules-idUKKBN1O21O5 Swiss-headquartered MSC expects to pay over $2 billion (1.57 billion pounds) a year in fuel costs due to tougher global marine fuel rules and will introduce a bunker charge next year to recoup expenses, the world's number two container line said.

Round Table Discussion - IMO Challenges. World Maritime University (WMU). 12 December 2018. Available from: https://www.wmu.se/news/round-table-discussion-imo-challenges As the conclusion of a two-week, intensive foundation course focusing on the IMO System for Maritime Governance, a round table discussion was held at WMU on 5 December regarding key challenges facing the IMO.

01 Kitack Lim, International Maritime Organization. Lloyd's List. 13 December 2018. Available from: https://lloydslist.maritimeintelligence.informa.com/LL1125062/01-Kitack-Lim-International-Maritime-Organization When nearly every business decision, investment choice, strategy developed, hope and fear is primarily founded on one entity, there cannot really be any doubt who should lead this year's Top 100.

Minister: Maritime Implementation Code Progress. Bernews (Bermuda). 14 December 2018. Available from: http://bernews.com/2018/12/imo-instrument-implementation-code/ Minister of Tourism and Transport Zane DeSilva provided an update on the progress on the implementation of the International Maritime Organization [IMO] Instrument Implementation Code, which commonly referred to as the Triple I Code.

International Maritime Organization aims to improve crew safety and help combat illegal fishing. By Peter Horn. Pew Charitable Trusts. 17 December 2018. Available from: https://www.pewtrusts.org/en/research-and-analysis/articles/2018/12/17/international-maritime-organization-aims-to-improve-crew-safety-and-help-combat-illegal-fishing The Maritime Safety Committee is the International Maritime Organization's senior technical body on safety-related matters.

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Fuel quality and safety in IMO conventions: A growing challenge, even prior to 1 January 2020. By Neil Roberts. International Union of Marine Insurance (IUMI). December 2018. Available from: https://iumi.com/news/iumi-eye-newsletter-december-2018/fuel-quality-and-safety-in-imo-conventions-a-challenge-even-prior-to-1-january-2020 At the 100th session of the International Maritime Organization's (IMO) Maritime Safety Committee (MSC) meeting discussions on fuel quality and safety were high on the agenda.

LAW & POLICY UN agrees to nine marine ecologically significant areas in the Baltic Sea. Baltic Marine Environment Protection Commission (HELCOM). 30 November 2018. Available from: http://www.helcom.fi/news/Pages/New-EBSAs-in-the-Baltic-Sea.aspx A final step for nine ecologically unique marine areas in the Baltic Sea to be included in a global registry was taken during the UN Biodiversity Conferenceheld in Sharm El-Sheikh, Egypt from 17 to 29 November 2018.

France and China declare joint climate commitment at G20. By Megan Darby. Climate Home News. 30 November 2018. Available from: http://www.climatechangenews.com/2018/11/30/france-china-declare-joint-climate-commitment-g20/ In a statement together with UN secretary-general Antonio Guterres, foreign ministers of the two countries promised to work together to put the international climate pact into action.

Synergy among ministries crucial to addressing marine pollution. By Fardah Assegaf. Antara News (Indonesia). 30 November 2018. Available from: https://en.antaranews.com/news/120942/synergy-among-ministries-crucial-to-addressing-marine-pollution Three sea turtles were found dead some 150 meters off Pari Island, Seribu (One Thousand) Islands District, Jakarta, Nov 27, apparently due to plastic litter and oil spill, Jakarta Natural Resources Conservation Agency (BKSDA) stated.

Government of Canada provides over $2.5 million to four British Columbia coastal communities to increase availability of maritime data. Government of Canada. 30 November 2018. Available from: https://bit.ly/2H1TNlW Protecting the marine environment and all users of Canada's oceans and waterways is of paramount importance.

We need maritime strategies that encourage trade within Africa. By Fred Oluoch. East African (Kenya). 1 December 2018. Available from: https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/business/We-need-maritime-strategies-that-encourage-trade-within-Africa/2560-4876846-wk18o3z/index.html East African countries have no choice but to join the new trend because 90 per cent of international trade in the region happens through shipping and particularly through the ports of Mombasa and Dar es Salaam.

Seychelles expands protection around two islands to counter improper fishing. By Sharon Ernesta. Seychelles News Agency. 2 December 2018. Available from: http://www.seychellesnewsagency.com/articles/10136 In an effort to address illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing as well as other illegal maritime activities, two newly designated areas around Seychelles' Aldabra group and Amirantes to Fortune Bank are being expanded.

No Swiss flag for Aquarius, says government. SWI Swissinfo.Ch. 3 December 2018. Available from: https://www.swissinfo.ch/eng/rescue-boat_no-swiss-flag-for-aquarius--says-

government/44591138 In a written response to parliamentarians on Monday, the Federal Council rejected the idea of accrediting a Swiss flag to the ship, a request made by several politicians from left-wing and centrist parties.

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INSIGHT-The final frontier: who owns the oceans and their hidden treasures? By Zoe Tabary. Reuters. 4 December 2018. Available from: http://news.trust.org/item/20181204005646-v2z0f/ Ransom-hungry pirates, polar explorers, offshore oil giants - the race for the riches of the world's final frontier is on.

'The risks are too big': B.C. First Nations leaders in Ottawa to back coastal tanker ban. By John Paul Tasker. Canadian Broadcasting Corporation (CBC). 4 December 2018. Available from: https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/tasker-bc-coastal-first-nations-tanker-ban-c48-1.4931873 A group of B.C. coastal First Nations leaders came to Ottawa today to support passage of the Trudeau government's tanker ban bill — pushing back against entrenched opposition from oil patch boosters who fear the ban will endanger an energy sector already on the ropes.

Barcelona asks Spanish government to support emission control area in Mediterranean. Transport & Environment. 5 December 2018. Available from: https://www.transportenvironment.org/press/barcelona-asks-spanish-government-support-emission-control-area-mediterranean For coastal areas and port cities, maritime traffic is a particularly important source of air pollution, which constitutes a serious threat to public health and the environment.

Race to the bottom? India plans deep dive for seabed minerals. Times of India. 5 December 2018. Available from: https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/race-to-the-bottom-india-plans-deep-dive-for-seabed-minerals/articleshow/66950301.cms In the 1870 Jules Verne classic "20,000 Leagues Under the Sea", underwater explorer Captain Nemo predicted the mining of the ocean floor's mineral bounty - zinc, iron, silver and gold.

Ghana-Togo deliberate on maritime boundary for oil blocks. GhanaWeb. 5 December 2018. Available from: https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/business/Ghana-Togo-deliberate-on-

maritime-boundary-for-oil-blocks-706233 Government is hoping to reach an amicable agreement with the Togolese government on the Ghana-Togo Maritime Boundary demarcation.

MSC Mediterranean Shipping Company pays $630K for air quality violations. California Air Resources Board. 5 December 2018. Available from: https://ww2.arb.ca.gov/news/msc-mediterranean-shipping-company-pays-630k-air-quality-violations MSC Mediterranean Shipping Company S.A. paid $630,625 in penalties to the California Air Resources Board for violating the Ocean-Going Vessel At-Berth regulation.

Pacific steps up its fight against illegal, unregulated and unreported fishing with call to powerful fishing nations. By Pita Ligaiula. Pacific Islands News Association (PINA). 9 December 2018. Available from: http://www.pina.com.fj/index.php?p=pacnews&m=read&o=19779805935c0de812442b206e7b0d The two largest fisheries organisations in the Pacific have joined forces to ramp up work to mitigate Illegal, unreported and unregulated (IUU) fishing in the region, ahead of this week's Western and Central Pacific Fisheries Commission (WCPFC) annual meeting.

Australia to review open-loop scrubber strategy with Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority. Splash 247.com. 10 December 2018. Available from: https://splash247.com/australia-to-review-open-loop-scrubber-strategy-with-great-barrier-reef-marine-park-authority/ The Australian Maritime Safety Authority (AMSA) will hold discussions with state authorities and the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority to review whether or not the country will allow the use of open-loop scrubbers in Australian waters.

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MARINA presents former MARINA employee faking legal certificates. Government of the Philippines. 10 December 2018. Available from: http://marina.gov.ph/2018/12/10/marina-presents-former-marina-employee-faking-legal-certificates/ To protect the Filipino seafarers from scalpers offering fraudulent legal certificates, the Maritime Industry Authority (MARINA) and the National Bureau of Investigation (NBI) presented to the media Mr. Malone Morales, 28, a two-year former MARINA employee under the Standards of Training, Certification and Watchkeeping (STCW) - Surveillance Division, who is allegedly behind the faking of MARINA official signatures on the legal certificate needed for the processing of STCW certificates.

This is how much the US Jones Act costs the shipping industry. By Tomas Kristiansen. ShippingWatch. 10 December 2018. Available from: https://shippingwatch.com/carriers/article11061864.ece It will soon be 100 years old, and under the current President, it seems very unlikely to be changed anytime soon.

Maritime dispute: Singapore 'disappointed' at Malaysia's position but welcomes de-escalation. Channel News Asia. 10 December 2018. Available from: https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/asia/maritime-dispute-mfa-singapore-malaysia-johor-port-11018456 Singapore is "disappointed" that Malaysia has refused to return to the status quo before it extended the Johor Bahru port limits but welcomed its neighbour's pledge to de-escalate the situation on the ground, said the Ministry of Foreign Affairs (MFA) on Monday (Dec 10) in response to its Malaysian counterpart.

Global Fishing Watch and U.S. Coast Guard look to advance research on illegal fishing. By Sarah Bladen. Global Fishing Watch. 11 December 2018. Available from: https://globalfishingwatch.org/press-release/global-fishing-watch-and-u-s-coast-guard-look-to-advance-research-on-illegal-fishing/ Global Fishing Watch is teaming up with the United States Coast Guard Research & Development Center (CG RDC) to conduct research on illegal, unreported and unregulated (IUU) fishing and share analysis to advance global efforts to improve fisheries management.

Patricia Espinosa: "It's Within our Grasp to Finish the Job of COP24". United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). 11 December 2018. Available from: https://unfccc.int/news/patricia-espinosa-it-s-within-our-grasp-to-finish-the-job-of-cop24 The second part of the high-level segment of the UN Climate Change Conference COP24 resumed today with the UN's Climate Chief, Patricia Espinosa and other top UN officials making passionate pleas to governments to finish the work they set for themselves and conclude the conference with a strong and effective outcome.

The geopolitics of oil and gas in the South China Sea. By Mercy A.Kuo. The Diplomat. 12 December 2018. Available from: https://thediplomat.com/2018/12/the-geopolitics-of-oil-and-gas-in-the-south-china-sea/ Diplomat author Mercy Kuo regularly engages subject-matter experts, policy practitioners and strategic thinkers across the globe for their diverse insights into U.S. Asia policy.

Shipping company sentenced for illegally discharging oily waste at sea. US Department of Justice. 12 December 2018. Available from: https://www.justice.gov/opa/pr/shipping-company-sentenced-illegally-discharging-oily-waste-sea The U.S. Department of Justice today announced that Navimax Corporation, incorporated in the Marshall Islands with its main offices in Greece, was sentenced to a $2,000,000 fine by a federal district court for violating the Act to Prevent Pollution from Ships and obstructing a Coast Guard investigation.

Singapore moves to avert unilateral action over maritime disputes. By Zakir Hussain. Straits Times. 12 December 2018. Available from: https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/singapore-files-declaration-under-unclos-to-ensure-no-party-

unilaterally-starts-third Singapore has filed a declaration under the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (Unclos) to ensure that no signatory of the international treaty can unilaterally start third-party arbitration or adjudication on maritime boundary disputes involving the Republic.

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Maritime dispute: Malaysia has taken steps to de-escalate tensions, 1 ship left in Singapore waters, says Khaw. By Amir Yusof. Channel News Asia. 12 December 2018. Available from: https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/maritime-dispute-port-limits-khaw-malaysia-

vessels-11025306 One Malaysian ship remains in Singapore's territorial waters as of Wednesday (Dec 12), said Singapore Transport Minister Khaw Boon Wan as he noted the steps taken by Malaysia to de-escalate tensions on the ground.

New environmental zones in China indicate future open-loop scrubber ban. By Katrine Grønvald Raun. ShippingWatch. 13 December 2018. Available from: https://shippingwatch.com/secure/carriers/article11069261.ece China is working on new environmental regulations, which, by all accounts, will expand the country's environmental zones, ECA, to apply to the entire east coast rather than only off the coast of major cities such as Shanghai and Beijing.

Zero-emission vessels as long-term vision - more funding for maritime research: Maritime Coordinator Brackmann calls for ideas in the context of the new funding priority 'Maritime.Green propulsion'. Government of Germany. 13 December 2018. Available from: https://www.bmwi.de/Redaktion/EN/Pressemitteilungen/2018/20181213-zero-emission-vessels-al-long-term-visison-more-funding-for-maritime-research.html The Federal Government has sent out a strong signal for maritime research: an additional €45 million will be made available for the sector in the next four years.

Argentina creates two new marine parks to protect penguins, sea lions. By Shreya Dasgupta. Mongabay. 14 December 2018. Available from: https://news.mongabay.com/2018/12/argentina-creates-two-new-marine-parks-to-protect-penguins-sea-lions/ Argentina has officially created two large marine protected areas: the Yaganes Marine National Park, lying off of the country's southern tip, and the Namuncurá-Burdwood Bank II Marine National Park in the South Atlantic.

China to implement emission control areas, shore power mandate. By Anne Kalosh. Seatrade Cruise News. 17 December 2018. Available from: http://www.seatrade-cruise.com/news/news-headlines/china-to-implement-emission-control-areas-shore-power-mandate.html At the same time, the country listed requirements for ships to be equipped for the use of shore power in port.

Warning over deep-sea 'gold rush'. University of Exeter (UK). 17 December 2018. Available from: http://www.exeter.ac.uk/news/featurednews/title_697187_en.html With major decisions on the future of seabed mining expected in 2019-20, scientists and policy experts from the University of Exeter and Greenpeace have recommended a range of measures to prevent environmental damage. Tackling corruption in maritime - Safety in numbers. By Cecilia Müller Torbrand. Seatrade Maritime News. 19 December 2018. Available from: http://www.seatrade-maritime.com/news/europe/tackling-corruption-in-maritime-safety-in-numbers.html Arguments like these are hard to answer and often lead to organizational paralysis when it comes to making a stand against corruption.

Spanish court confirms 1.5 bn euro Prestige spill compensation. France 24. 20 December 2018. Available from: https://www.france24.com/en/20181220-spanish-court-confirms-15-bn-euro-prestige-spill-compensation The Supreme Court in Madrid on Thursday handed down a definitive ruling that the Spanish state be paid 1.6 billion euros ($1.9 billion) in damages over the 2002 Prestige oil spill, one of Europe's worst environmental disasters.

London Club 'disappointed' by Prestige pay-out ruling. By Gary Dixon. TradeWinds. 21 December 2018. Available from: https://www.tradewindsnews.com/insurance/1662790/london-club-disappointed-by-prestige-pay-out-ruling P&I insurer The London Club has said it is "disappointed" by Thursday's ruling in Spain that the country is owed at least EUR 1.5bn ($1.7bn) in compensation for the Prestige oil spill in 2002.

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The last ambulances of the sea are still being targeted. SOS Mediterranee. 28 December 2018. Available from: https://sosmediterranee.com/the-last-ambulances-of-the-sea-are-still-being-targeted/ Premeditated illegal disposal of on-board waste with the aim of financially benefiting from it as part of a "criminal operation": these are the pressed charges by the Prosecutor of Catania (Italy) following the conclusion of its investigation against Doctors Without Borders (MSF), the medical partner of SOS MEDITERRANEE, on 20 November.

No-deal Brexit ferry company owns no ships and has never run Channel service. By Patrick Greenfield. The Guardian. 30 December 2018. Available from: https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2018/dec/30/no-deal-brexit-ferry-company-owns-no-ships-and-has-never-run-ferry-service One of the companies contracted by the government to charter ferries in the event of a no-deal Brexit does not own any ships, has not previously operated a ferry service and is not planning to do so until close to the UK's scheduled departure date from the European Union, it has emerged.

From land to the sea: How the EU is working for safer and cleaner oceans. European Union. 31 December 2018. Available from: https://eeas.europa.eu/headquarters/headquarters-homepage/55953 In an open space, where freedom of navigation is ensured and no complete ownership prevails, the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) was the first form of international law for the oceans governance.

STRENGTH OF A WOMAN: Kenyan maritime expert who is shaping Africa's blue economy. By Chacha Mwita. The Exchange (Tanzania). 31 December 2018. Available from: https://www.exchange.co.tz/strength-of-a-womankenyan-maritime-expert-who-is-shaping-africas-blue-economy/ Former US first lady Michelle Obama once said there is no limit to what women can accomplish; and one strong woman in Kenya has lived to prove that.

Home Secretary bolsters Border Force fleet in the Channel. By Sajid Javid. UK Government. 31 December 2018. Available from: https://www.gov.uk/government/news/home-secretary-bolsters-border-force-fleet-in-the-channel 2 Border Force cutters, currently operating abroad, are to be brought back to the UK to help patrol the Channel, the Home Secretary Sajid Javid announced today.

MARINE TECHNOLOGY Rolls-Royce and Finferries demonstrate world's first fully autonomous ferry. Rolls-Royce. 3 December 2018. Available from: https://www.rolls-royce.com/media/press-releases/2018/03-12-2018-rr-and-finferries-demonstrate-worlds-first-fully-autonomous-ferry.aspx Rolls-Royce and Finnish state-owned ferry operator Finferries have today successfully demonstrated the world's first fully autonomous ferry in the archipelago south of the city of Turku, Finland.

Top 10 technology leaders 2018. Lloyd's List. 3 December 2018. Available from: https://lloydslist.maritimeintelligence.informa.com/LL1124856 In the run-up to publishing the annual Lloyd's List Top 100 most influential people in shipping on December 14, here are the movers and shakers of the year in maritime next-gen tech.

Scrubber lobby on the defensive after Singapore ban. By Richard Meade. Lloyd's List. 3 December 2018. Available from: https://lloydslist.maritimeintelligence.informa.com/LL1125363 Shipowners and scrubber manufacturers are preparing to step up lobbying efforts to defend the use of open-loop scrubbers in the wake of Singapore's decision last week to ban the exhaust gas cleaning system in the run up to the 2020 sulphur cap.

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ABB enables groundbreaking trial of remotely operated passenger ferry. ABB. 4 December 2018. Available from: https://new.abb.com/news/detail/11632/abb-enables-

groundbreaking-trial-of-remotely-operated-passenger-ferry/ With this historic trial in the Finnish capital's port last week, ABB and Helsinki City Transport took the next step in autonomous shipping.

MAN Cryo takes further step towards cleaner shipping in world-first. MAN Energy Solutions. 5 December 2018. Available from: https://corporate.man-es.com/press-media/news-overview/details/2018/12/05/man-cryo-takes-further-step-towards-cleaner-shipping-in-world-first MAN Cryo, the wholly owned subsidiary of MAN Energy Solutions, has - in close cooperation with Fjord1 and Multi Maritime in Norway - developed a marine fuel-gas system for liquefied hydrogen.

Amsterdam port launches drone detection trial. By Lee Hong Liang. Seatrade Maritime News. 7 December 2018. Available from: www.seatrade-maritime.com/news/europe/amsterdam-port-launches-drone-detection-trial.html The port of Amsterdam will be launching trials monitoring system to explore Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) usage in its airspace as part of the port's innovation strategy.

Industry collaboration key to unlocking full advantages of technology in maritime. By Alvin Foo. Seatrade Maritime News. 7 December 2018. Available from: https://bit.ly/2PqfaMA Although the uptake of technologies and innovation has been relatively slow in the maritime industry due to the complex nature of traditional maritime operations, the industry has now evolved and is beginning to overhaul legacy systems to embrace modern approaches to shipping and port operations.

Survey drones take off. Maritime Executive. 10 December 2018. Available from: https://www.maritime-executive.com/features/survey-drones-take-off As part of an on-going focus on safety in enclosed spaces, ClassNK describes how it has carried out detailed drone tests to revolutionize ship surveying.

Scrubbers under scrutiny by maritime industry as IMO 2020 nears. S&P Global Platts. 12 December 2018. Available from: https://blogs.platts.com/2018/12/12/scrubbers-scrutiny-maritime-industry-imo-2020/ Looming 2020 regulations capping marine fuel sulfur at 0.5% have so far benefited manufacturers marketing scrubbers – or exhaust gas cleaning systems, as they are more formally known – but this solution is now being viewed with a more critical eye.

Ballast water treatment system operating issues - a manufacturer's perspective. By Marcus Hand. Seatrade Maritime News. 12 December 2018. Available from: http://www.seatrade-maritime.com/news/americas/ballast-water-treatment-system-operating-issues-a-manufacturer-s-perspective.html With the Ballast Water Management (BWM) Convention already mandatory for newbuildings and the US Coast Guard enforcing the US stricter rules on invasive species in ballast water owners are finding that as they start to operate BWTS installed on their vessels in many cases do work as they hope – with Intertanko's members reporting problems with 60 – 80% of the systems installed.

New technology for monitoring emissions. Maritime Denmark. 17 December 2018. Available from: http://maritimedenmark.dk/?Id=19835 Nordic Tankers, Dania Ship Management and Danfoss IXA join forces in testing innovative technology for monitoring emissions.

Toyota hits the water with an investment in Robo-Ships. By Alex Davies. Wired. 17 December 2018. Available from: https://www.wired.com/story/toyota-sea-machines-autonomous-boats/ Like any properly terrifying invasion, it's hard to tell whether the robot one will come by land, air, or sea.

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Sea Machines raises $10 million in series A funding. Sea Machines. 17 December 2018. Available from: https://sea-machines.com/sea-machines-raises-10-million-in-series-a-funding Boston-based Sea Machines Robotics announced today that it has closed a $10 million Series A investment led by Accomplice and Eniac Ventures, with participation from Toyota AI Ventures; Brunswick Corp., through investment partner TechNexus Venture Collaborative; NextGen VP, Geekdom Fund; LaunchCapital; LDV Capital and others.

Ships: Deciphering the autonomous vessel debate. By Andrew Kinsey. MarineLink. 20 December 2018. Available from: https://www.marinelink.com/news/ships-deciphering-autonomous-vessel-461015 Confusion reigns in the ongoing debate on autonomous and remotely operated vessels.

IoT: a gateway to maritime sustainability. By Stefano Poli. Inmarsat. 21 December 2018. Available from: https://www.inmarsat.com/blog/iot-a-gateway-to-maritime-sustainability/ Shipping's customary divided opinion on new technology is highlighted in an Inmarsat Research Programme report that includes hard data on how far the industry sees IoT-based solutions as a gateway to sustainability.

MARITIME EDUCATION & TRAINING 2019 MarTID survey launched. World Maritime University (WMU). 30 November 2018. Available from: https://www.wmu.se/news/2019-martid-survey-launched The second annual MarTID survey has been launched to continue the study of global maritime training practices.

MARINA calibrates maritime training course packages. Government of the Philippines. 6 December 2018. Available from: http://marina.gov.ph/2018/12/06/marina-calibrates-maritime-

training-course-packages/ To sustain the production of high quality and competent Filipino seafarers through maritime education and trainings, the Maritime Industry Authority (MARINA) calibrated five (5) training course packages in a three-day workshop held in Manila.

U.S. and Philippine coast guards conduct maritime law enforcement training. United States Embassy in the Philippines. 13 December 2018. Available from: https://ph.usembassy.gov/us-and-philippine-coast-guards-conduct-maritime-law-enforcement-training/ A U.S. Coast Guard (USCG) Mobile Education and Training Team (MTT) conducted two Maritime Law Enforcement (MLE) training courses with the Philippine Coast Guard (PCG) in November.

Internationally recognised marine safety training institute launched. By Denis Chabrol. Demerara Waves (Guyana). 13 December 2018. Available from: http://demerarawaves.com/2018/12/13/internationally-recognised-marine-safety-training-institute-launched/ Guyana' maritime training institute MatPal and TOTALTEC Academy on Thursday announced they have teamed up to form the Maritime Safety Training Institute (MSTI), to offer state-of-the-art maritime and safety related training programmes.

Nigerian cadets at risk over emergence of tech-driven vessels. By Godfrey Bivbere. Vanguard (Nigeria). 19 December 2018. Available from: https://www.vanguardngr.com/2018/12/nigerian-cadets-at-risk-over-emergence-of-tech-driven-vessels/ The prospects of Nigerian trained cadets may have become jeopardized by the emergence of technology driven ocean-going vessels.

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MARITIME SAFETY Time to rethink safety in enclosed spaces. By Wendy Laursen. Maritime Executive. 1 December 2018. Available from: https://www.maritime-executive.com/features/time-to-rethink-safety-in-enclosed-spaces Crew members are often blamed for deaths in enclosed spaces.

If nobody entered enclosed spaces... By Howard Nightingale. Maritime Executive. 8 December 2018. Available from: https://maritime-executive.com/editorials/if-nobody-entered-enclosed-spaces If human beings and enclosed spaces are potentially fatally incompatible, the engineering solution to the problem is to keep the two elements separated as far as practicable.

4th Meeting for Caspian Maritime Safety Protocol kicks off in Tehran. FARS News Agency (Iran). 10 December 2018. Available from: http://en.farsnews.com/newstext.aspx?nn=13970919000402 Representatives from Russia, Azerbaijan, Turkmenistan, and Kazakhstan joined their Iranian counterparts in Tehran to attend the 4th meeting of the littoral states of the Caspian Sea on the protocol for maritime safety in the water body.

MV Jawan's Australian Certificate for the Carriage of Livestock revoked. Australian Maritime Safety Authority (AMSA). 10 December 2018. Available from: https://www.amsa.gov.au/news-community/news-and-media-releases/mv-jawans-australian-certificate-carriage-livestock-revoked The Jawan was scheduled to depart from Portland on a journey from Australia to Pakistan this morning after the vessel's classification society, on behalf of the flag state, provided their assessment of the ship's stability.

Kuwait affirms condemnation against lawless acts in maritime safety. Kuwait News Agency (KUNA). 12 December 2018. Available from: https://www.kuna.net.kw/ArticleDetails.aspx?id=2764135&language=en Kuwait has affirmed condemnation against lawless acts in maritime safety, strengthening international and regional efforts to address maritime security threats.

UPDATE 2-Norway tells three drillers to fix oil rig lifeboat safety. Reuters. 12 December 2018. Available from: https://uk.reuters.com/article/norway-oil-rigs/update-1-norway-tells-three-drillers-to-fix-oil-rig-lifeboat-safety-idUKL8N1YH4EX Norway's Petroleum Safety Authority (PSA) has told Transocean, Maersk Drilling and Odfjell Drilling to beef up emergency evacuation equipment and procedures on 22 offshore oil rigs, it said on Wednesday.

Captain of shipping tanker carrying tonnes of methanol found drunk aboard. By Tara Shaskey. Stuff (New Zealand). 13 December 2018. Available from: https://www.stuff.co.nz/national/crime/109322018/captain-of-shipping-tanker-carrying-tonnes-of-methanol-found-drunk-onboard A captain of a chemical tanker has lost his job after being found drunk aboard the vessel moments before it was due to leave Port Taranaki carrying tonnes of methanol.

The Safety@Sea Singapore Campaign: Focusing on navigational safety and Human Element. By David Foo. Safety4Sea. 14 December 2018. Available from: https://safety4sea.com/cm-the-

safetysea-singapore-campaign-focusing-on-navigational-safety-and-human-element/ While talking at the first SAFET4SEA Conference in Singapore, Mr. David Foo, Director (Port Systems), MPA Singapore, revealed that human element remains a major concern for safety and he provided an update on the ongoing efforts to address the human element, as well as share new initiatives and ideas on how MPA seeks to address the issue.

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IMO agrees to address fuel safety concerns under new MSC agenda item. By Unni Einemo. International Bunker Industry Association (IBIA). 14 December 2018. Available from: https://ibia.net/imo-agrees-to-address-fuel-safety-concerns-under-new-msc-agenda-item/ IBIA welcomes a decision by the IMO's Maritime Safety Committee to add a new item to its agenda to address concerns about fuel safety, separating the subject from discussions around the implementation of the new 0.50% sulphur limit under MARPOL Annex VI.

Time to rethink safety with solid bulk cargoes. By Kevin Cribbin. Maritime Executive. 15 December 2018. Available from: https://maritime-executive.com/editorials/time-to-rethink-safety-with-solid-bulk-cargoes 2018 will be the worst year on record for personal injury accidents and fatalities on ships carrying solid bulk cargoes, with at least 24 reported fatalities.

MARITIME SECURITY Ban on use of satellite phones in India: 6 years on and violations still occur. Gard. 3 December 2018. Available from: www.gard.no/web/updates/content/26690148/ban-on-use-of-satellite-phones-in-india-6-years-on-and-violations-still-occur Following the Mumbai terror attacks in 2011, the Directorate General of Shipping (DGS)in India banned the use of "Thuraya, Iridium and other such satellite phones" in Indian waters.

Hamburg Sud crewman tied up by drugs gang. By Gary Dixon. TradeWinds. 3 December 2018. Available from: https://www.tradewindsnews.com/liner/1647045/hamburg-sud-crewman-tied-up-by-drugs-gang A Hamburg Sud seafarer was tied up by a drugs gang in a raid on a boxship off Brazil.

U.S. Navy hosts combined course focused on African maritime security. United States Navy. 4 December 2018. Available from: http://www.c6f.navy.mil/news/us-navy-hosts-combined-course-focused-african-maritime-security The week-long course, hosted by U.S. Naval Forces Europe-Africa/U.S. 6th Fleet and conducted by the U.S. Naval War College, will foster dialogue among participants to share experiences and discover innovative solutions to the challenges of today's maritime security environment facing African nations.

Effective security is security that works. Splash 247.com. 6 December 2018. Available from: https://splash247.com/effective-security-is-security-that-works/ Unconscious biases relating to cost, conformity and compliance are undermining effective security argues James Wilkes from Gray Page.

Industry publishes improved cyber guidelines. BIMCO. 7 December 2018. Available from: https://www.bimco.org/news/priority-news/20181207-industry-publishes-improved-cyber-guidelines The third edition of the industry cyber risk management guidelines, Guidelines on Cyber Security Onboard Ships, addresses the requirement to incorporate cyber risks in the ship's safety management system (SMS).

EU NAVFOR promotes maritime security dialogue in Somalia. EU NAVFOR Somalia. 7 December 2018. Available from: https://eunavfor.eu/eu-navfor-promotes-maritime-security-dialogue-in-somalia/ The Operation Commander of EU NAVFOR, Major General Charlie Stickland OBE, visited Mogadishu on 4-5 December 2018, to continue vital discussions on maritime security with the Somali Deputy Prime Minister, His Excellency Mahdi Mohammed Gulaid.

EUCAP Somalia: mission extended, budget agreed. Council of the European Union. 10 December 2018. Available from: https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/press/press-releases/2018/12/10/eucap-somalia-mission-extended-budget-agreed/ The Council extended the mandate of the EU capacity building mission in Somalia, EUCAP Somalia until 31 December 2020.

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Navy to helm centre on maritime security. By Dinakar Peri. The Hindu (India). 17 December 2018. Available from: https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/navy-to-helm-centre-on-maritime-security/article25758522.ece The Navy will formally inaugurate the Information Fusion Centre (IFC) for the Indian Ocean Region (IOR) later this week.

EUNAVFOR MED Operation Sophia: mandate extended until 31 March 2019. Council of the European Union. 21 December 2018. Available from: https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/press/press-releases/2018/12/21/eunavfor-med-operation-sophia-mandate-extended-until-31-march-2019/ The operation's core mandate is to contribute to the EU's work to disrupt the business model of migrant smugglers and human traffickers in the Southern Central Mediterranean.

Special forces retake cargo ship after migrants threatened staff. By David Mercer. Sky News. 22 December 2018. Available from: https://news.sky.com/story/special-forces-storm-cargo-ship-after-migrants-threatened-staff-11588563 Special Boat Service (SBS) operatives from Sabre Squadron fast-roped from helicopters on to the ship, which had been sailing in the Thames Estuary, sources told Sky's defence and security correspondent Alistair Bunkall.

Warships, Tuna and Pirates - EU NAVFOR Operation Atalanta's contribution to security and development in Horn of Africa and Indian Ocean. European Union. 28 December 2018. Available from: https://eeas.europa.eu/headquarters/headquarters-homepage/55884 Piracy off the coast of Somalia developed as a serious threat to international shipping some ten years ago.

MIGRANTS Rescued migrants brought to Malta following agreement with Spain. Times of Malta. 2 December 2018. Available from: https://www.timesofmalta.com/articles/view/20181202/world/spanish-fishing-boat-carrying-rescued-migrants-heads-to-malta.695717 Eleven migrants rescued off the coast of Libya by a Spanish fishing boat were brought to Malta on Sunday, ending a protracted standoff to find a safe port for the boat.

Mediterranean migrant arrivals reach 107,583 in 2018; Deaths reach 2,133. International Organization for Migration (IOM). 4 December 2018. Available from: https://www.iom.int/news/mediterranean-migrant-arrivals-reach-107583-2018-deaths-reach-2133 The International Organization for Migration (IOM) reports that 107,583 migrants and refugees entered Europe by sea in 2018 through 28 November.

Migrants risk death at sea to reach Britain as prices spike on traditional routes. By Melissa Bell and Saskya Vandoorne. CNN. 6 December 2018. Available from: https://edition.cnn.com/2018/12/06/europe/migrants-channel-dinghies-gbr-intl/index.html Since the migrant crisis exploded in the summer of 2015, thousands have perished trying to cross the Mediterranean, with the death of three-year-old Syrian Alan Kurdi, whose body washed up on a Turkish beach, shocking the world.

Mediterranean migrant arrivals reach 110,833 in 2018; Deaths reach 2,160. International Organization for Migration (IOM). 11 December 2018. Available from: https://www.iom.int/news/mediterranean-migrant-arrivals-reach-110833-2018-deaths-reach-2160 IOM, the International Organization for Migration, reports that 110,833 migrants and refugees entered Europe by sea in 2018 through 9 December.

Migrants keep crossing Strait of Gibraltar despite bad weather. France 24. 13 December 2018. Available from: https://www.france24.com/en/20181213-migrants-keep-crossing-strait-gibraltar-despite-bad-weather A radio message comes in from a Spanish maritime rescue boat to the service's command centre in the southern town of Tarifa: "34 migrants rescued".

Maritime Knowledge Centre (MKC)

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Mediterranean migrant arrivals reach 111,237 in 2018; Deaths reach 2,216. International Organization for Migration (IOM). 14 December 2018. Available from: https://www.iom.int/news/mediterranean-migrant-arrivals-reach-111237-2018-deaths-reach-2216 IOM, the International Organization for Migration, reports that 111,237 migrants and refugees entered Europe by sea in 2018 through 12 December.

Mediterranean migrant arrivals reach 111,558 in 2018; Deaths reach 2,217. International Organization for Migration (IOM). 18 December 2018. Available from: https://www.iom.int/news/mediterranean-migrant-arrivals-reach-111558-2018-deaths-reach-2217 IOM, the International Organization for Migration, reports that 111,558 migrants and refugees entered Europe by sea in 2018 through 16 December.

Dozens of rescued migrants stranded at sea wait for safe port. Euronews. 22 December 2018. Available from: https://www.euronews.com/2018/12/24/dozens-of-rescued-migrants-stranded-at-

sea-wait-for-safe-port A total of 344 migrants have been rescued in the Mediterranean Sea since Friday (December 21).

Channel migrants: Home secretary declares major incident. BBC News. 28 December 2018.

Available from: https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-46705128 Sajid Javid has asked for an urgent call with his French counterpart about the situation.

NAVIGATION & COMMUNICATIONS The view from class on tanker ice operations. By Ed Martin. Tanker Shipping & Trade. 30 November 2018. Available from: https://www.tankershipping.com/news/view,the-view-from-class-on-tanker-ice-operations_56091.htm With the entry into force of IMO's Polar Code, the regulatory environment for tankers operating in ice has changed substantially.

Long Range Identification and Tracking: Have you reported in the last six hours? US Coast Guard Maritime Commons. 4 December 2018. Available from: http://mariners.coastguard.dodlive.mil/2018/12/04/12-4-2018-long-range-identification-and-tracking-have-you-reported-in-the-last-six-hours/ The Long Range Identification and Tracking (LRIT) system is a designated International Maritime Organization (IMO) system designed to collect and disseminate vessel position information received from IMO member States' ships.

The cost of lost connections. By Martyn Wingrove. Maritime Digitalisation & Communications. 10 December 2018. Available from: https://www.marinemec.com/news/view,the-cost-of-lost-connections_56171.htm The digital world ground to a halt for a day last week for more than 25M people across the UK.

One icebreaker escort operation performed in eastern part of Gulf of Finland during 24 hours on December 10-11. Port News. 11 December 2018. Available from: http://www.en.portnews.ru/news/269145/ 1 vessel was escorted by an icebreaker in the eastern part of the Gulf of Finland during 24 hours on December 10-11, says Ice Operations Headquarters of the Baltic Sea Ports Administration.

How to protect the Arctic as melting ice opens new shipping routes. By Gareth Willmer. HORIZON - the EU Research & Innovation Magazine. 17 December 2018. Available from: https://horizon-magazine.eu/article/how-protect-arctic-melting-ice-opens-new-shipping-routes.html This milestone in shipping may be a sign of things to come, with maritime activity expected to climb as global warming melts the region's sea ice – declining at about 13% each decade, according to NASA.

Maritime Knowledge Centre (MKC)

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AIS problems revealed in East China Sea. By Laura Kovary. gCaptain. 27 December 2018. Available from: https://gcaptain.com/ais-problems-revealed-in-east-china-sea/ Automatic Identification Systems (AIS) are causing problems for mariners transiting waters where there are high concentrations of fishing vessels, particularly in the East China Sea.

Using big data to transform digital navigation. By Thomas Mellor. Maritime Executive. 28 December 2018. Available from: https://maritime-executive.com/editorials/using-big-data-to-transform-digital-navigation This year, the maritime industry witnessed an important milestone in safety and situational awareness at sea, with the introduction of an ADMIRALTY high-density contour Electronic Navigational Chart (HD-ENC) for the UK's Bristol Channel.

PIRACY Unfair reporting on piracy, says Nigeria. By Laxman Pai. MarineLink. 5 December 2018. Available from: https://www.marinelink.com/news/unfair-reporting-piracy-says-nigeria-460355 The Director General of the Nigerian Maritime Administration and Safety Agency (NIMASA), Dr. Dakuku Peterside, has called on the International Maritime Bureau (IMB) to ensure fairness and balance in its reportage of piracy issues on Nigeria's territorial waters.

Tidewater PSV crew safe after pirate attack. By Gary Dixon. TradeWinds. 6 December 2018. Available from: https://www.tradewindsnews.com/casualties/1650324/tidewater-psv-crew-safe-after-pirate-attack The crew of a Tidewater platform supply vessel (PSV) was reported safe on Thursday following a pirate attack off Nigeria.

PORT STATE CONTROL Foreign flagged ships detained in the UK during November 2018. UK Marine Accident Investigation Branch (MAIB). 12 December 2018. Available from: https://www.gov.uk/government/news/foreign-flagged-ships-detained-in-the-uk-during-november-2018 During November, there were six new detentions of foreign flagged vessels in a UK port, three vessels remained under detention from previous months.

PORTS & HARBOURS Denmark's most modern container port. Copenhagen Malmö Port. 29 November 2018. Available from: http://www.cmport.com/news-and-media/pressreleases/2018/2018-11-29 The area in Outer Northern Harbour is fairly anonymous, however, the on-going groundworks are a reminder that this is where the container terminal of the future will be just three years from now.

TRENDING VIDEO: A rare view inside Apapa Port and the challenges of poor logistics. By Jite Eriabie. Ships & Ports. 30 November 2018. Available from:

http://shipsandports.com.ng/trending-video-rare-view-inside-apapa-port-challenges-poor-logistics/ The nation's premiere port, the Lagos Port Complex Apapa is the largest and second oldest port in the West and Central Africa sub-region.

How should ports prepare for autonomous shipping? By Joe Baker. Ship-Technology.com. 3 December 2018. Available from: https://www.Ship-Technology.com/features/ports-autonomous-shipping/ Autonomous shipping - the keynote topic of every maritime industry event for quite some time - is finally taking baby steps towards reality.

Maritime Knowledge Centre (MKC)

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Cosco Shipping's Piraeus plans dealt a blow. By David Glass. Seatrade Maritime News. 3 December 2018. Available from: www.seatrade-maritime.com/news/europe/cosco-shipping-s-piraeus-plans-dealt-a-blow.html On 30 November the Council froze the tender for the construction of a new cruise terminal in the Greek port, a key pillar port's 'investment master plan' which Cosco is committed to implement under its agreement when purchasing control of the Piraeus Port Authority (PPA) two years back.

Bintulu Port leads the way in international security code. Borneo Post Online. 5 December 2018. Available from: http://www.theborneopost.com/2018/12/05/bintulu-port-leads-the-way-in-international-security-code/ Bintulu Port Sdn Bhd (BPSB) has been recognised by the Ministry of Transport as the leading organisation in the implementation of the International Ship and Port Facility Security (ISPS) Code in Malaysia.

Port of Tallinn rewards emission-reducing ships with a discount of up to 8% on tonnage fees. Port of Tallinn. 6 December 2018. Available from: http://www.portoftallinn.com/news?&art=1069 "All the vessels sailing on the Baltic Sea must, naturally, meet current applicable environmental regulations," said Ellen Kaasik, the Head of Quality and Environmental Management of the Port of Tallinn.

London hosts global port environment experts. Port of London Authority (PLA). 11 December 2018. Available from: http://www.pla.co.uk/London-hosts-global-port-environment-experts The Port of London Authority (PLA) hosted 20 specialists from ports and incentive providers around the world recently, when the steering group for the Environmental Ship Index (ESI) met in London.

China's Zhoushan to go after Singapore marine hub's top billing. By Chen Aizhu and Roslan Khasawneh. Reuters. 12 December 2018. Available from: https://www.reuters.com/article/us-china-singapore-bunker-shipping-analy/chinas-zhoushan-to-go-after-singapore-marine-hubs-top-billing-idUSKBN1OB2XO China's port city of Zhoushan is planning to challenge Singapore's dominance of the multi-billion dollar shipping fuel industry, relying on proximity to some of the world's biggest ports and Beijing's support to give it an edge.

Cambodia makes record breaking ivory haul at port. BBC News. 16 December 2018. Available from: https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-46583766 Cambodia has seized more than 3.2 tonnes of African ivory hidden in a storage container from Mozambique, a customs official has said.

British Ports calls for leadership from the shipping industry on safety issues. British Ports Association. 18 December 2018. Available from: https://www.britishports.org.uk/news/british-ports-calls-for-leadership-from-the-shipping-industry-on-safety-issues Following reports of a number of instances around the presence of defective pilot ladders on visiting ships and the regular use of dangerously weighted heaving lines by some vessels at UK ports, the British Ports Association has called on the international shipping community to face up to these ongoing safety issues.

Port of Rotterdam Authority makes greener sea-going shipping more accessible. Port of Rotterdam. 19 December 2018. Available from: https://www.portofrotterdam.com/en/news-and-press-releases/port-of-rotterdam-authority-makes-greener-sea-going-shipping-more-accessible From the start of 2019, the Port of Rotterdam Authority will widen and facilitate the Green Award discount for sea-going shipping.

The future of automated ports. By Fox Chu, Sven Gailus, Lisa Liu, and Liumin Ni. McKinsey & Company. December 2018. Available from: https://www.mckinsey.com/industries/travel-transport-and-logistics/our-insights/the-future-of-automated-ports Although ports have adopted automation more slowly than comparable sectors, notably mining and warehousing, the pace is now starting to accelerate.

Maritime Knowledge Centre (MKC)

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REGULATIONS Compliance with new emissions rules likely to be problematic. Allianz Global Corporate & Specialty. November 2018. Available from: https://www.agcs.allianz.com/insights/expert-risk-articles/ss-2018-compliance-with-new-emissions-rules-likely-to-be-problematic/ In April 2018, the International Maritime Organization (IMO) reached a landmark agreement to cut shipping emissions by at least 50% by 2050, with the goal of eventually phasing them out completely.

No Scrubs: More ports declare ban on EGCS discharges. North P&I Club. 3 December 2018. Available from: http://www.nepia.com/insights/industry-news/no-scrubs-more-ports-declare-ban-on-egcs-discharges/ Exhaust gas cleaning systems (EGCS) – more commonly referred to as scrubbers – are an accepted equivalent measure in complying with the IMO 2020 global sulphur cap.

Nautilus backs call for radical overhaul of the STCW Convention. Nautilus International. 4 December 2018. Available from: https://www.nautilusint.org/en/stcw Nautilus has backed a warning from the head of the International Chamber of Shipping (ICS) that the global rules governing seafarer training and certification need to be radically overhauled.

Legal issues arising from 2020 sulphur cap. Safety4Sea. 5 December 2018. Available from: https://safety4sea.com/legal-issues-arising-from-2020-sulphur-cap/ The sulphur cap, to take effect from 1 January 2020, mandates that ships must run on fuel containing no more than 0.5% m/m of sulphur, unless having scrubbers installed.

China prepared to go further than IMO in terms of environmental regulations. By Katrine Grønvald Raun. ShippingWatch. 10 December 2018. Available from: https://shippingwatch.com/secure/carriers/article11060317.ece China could become the next player to ban the use of open-loop scrubbers, as Singapore recently decided to do in the port's area starting in 2020.

BIMCO publishes two 2020 sulphur clauses. By Rasmus Nord Jorgensen. BIMCO. 10 December 2018. Available from: https://www.bimco.org/news/priority-news/20181210-bimco-publishes-two-2020-sulphur-clauses BIMCO has published two sulphur content related bunker clauses which are now available on the BIMCO website and on SmartCon, BIMCO's contract editing solution.

Lloyd's List Outlook 2019: Regulation. Lloyd's List. 10 December 2018. Available from: https://lloydslist.maritimeintelligence.informa.com/LL1125447/Lloyds-List-Outlook-2019-Regulation This year was one of crucial achievements, heightened dispute and loose ends that were never fully tied up in the maritime regulatory landscape.

ExxonMobil IMO 2020 talking points 02: Port of Southampton [VIDEO]. Ship & Bunker. 12 December 2018. Available from: https://shipandbunker.com/news/features/industry-

insight/850643-exxonmobil-imo-2020-talking-points-02-port-of-southampton-video Amidst the rallies, the teams discuss the top of mind concerns when it comes to IMO 2020, from on-board fuels management to compliance and enforcement post 2020.

Intertanko: Sulphur cap will take two years to bed in. Splash 247.com. 13 December 2018. Available from: https://splash247.com/intertanko-sulphur-cap-will-take-two-years-to-bed-in/ Paolo d'Amico, head of d'Amico Società di Navigazione group, has added a couple more titles to his impressive resume in recent weeks, taking the reins at Milan-listed d'Amico International Shipping and becoming chairman of the International Association of Independent Tanker Owners (Intertanko) at a crucial time for the sector.

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Outlook 2019: Credit-starved bunker industry limps towards IMO 2020. By Jack Jordan. S&P Global Platts. 14 December 2018. Available from: https://www.spglobal.com/platts/en/market-insights/latest-news/shipping/121418-outlook-2019-credit-starved-bunker-industry-limps-towards-imo-2020 The bunker industry is in a fragile state as it enters its last year before tougher sulfur restrictions come into force, with several key players in retreat.

2019 and 2020 statutory deadlines looming. Tanker Operator. 14 December 2018. Available from: http://www.tankeroperator.com/ViewNews.aspx?NewsID=10338 With just over two weeks to go before IMO's fuel data collection system (DCS) starts on 1st January, 2019, many companies have still not submitted their SEEMP Part II fuel oil consumption data collection plan for approval, DNV GL has warned.

Politicians could face backlash when IMO 2020 effects hit consumers. By Andrew Critchlow. S&P Global Platts. 17 December 2018. Available from: https://blogs.platts.com/2018/12/17/imo-2020-oil-diesel-consumers/ If the threat of higher diesel taxes was enough to cause riots on the streets of Paris, then the impact of an obscure new rule forcing shipping companies to use cleaner fuels in commercial vessels has the potential to turn the "gilets jaunes" movement apoplectic with rage unless policymakers wake up to the danger.

IMO 2020 shaping up to be bad news for small and medium sized players. Ship & Bunker. 18 December 2018. Available from: https://shipandbunker.com/news/world/235552-imo-2020-shaping-up-to-be-bad-news-for-small-and-medium-sized-players When it comes to IMO 2020, it seems there are very few things the industry can agree on.

Legal issues arising from new bunker sulphur regulations in MARPOL. Swedish Club. December 2018. Available from: https://safety4sea.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/Swedish-Club-Legal-issues-arising-from-new-bunker-sulphur-regulations-in-MARPOL-2018_12.pdf The Marine Environment Protection Committee (MEPC) confirmed in July 2018 that the new global sulphur limit for marine fuel of 0.50% m/m will apply from 1 January 2020.

SALVAGE The Lloyd's List Podcast: The future of salvage. Lloyd's List. 10 December 2018. Available from: https://lloydslist.maritimeintelligence.informa.com/LL1125432/The-Lloyds-List-Podcast-The-future-of-salvage Those in the salvage sector are the unsung heroes of shipping.

A vision for the future of the salvage industry. By Felicity Landon. Seatrade Maritime News. 14 December 2018. Available from: http://www.seatrade-maritime.com/news/europe/a-vision-for-the-future-of-the-salvage-industry.html The occasion was the International Salvage Union (ISU) marine journalists' lunch, held in the Merchant Taylors' Hall in London.

Salvage divers capture footage of wrecked Norwegian frigate. Maritime Executive. 17 December 2018. Available from: https://www.maritime-executive.com/article/salvage-divers-

capture-footage-of-wrecked-norwegian-frigate The Norwegian military has released detailed video footage of the damage to the frigate Helge Ingstad, which sank last month after colliding with merchant tanker on the approaches to Bergen, Norway.

Maritime Knowledge Centre (MKC)

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SEAFARERS The causes of maritime accidents in the period 2002-2016. Seafarers' International Research Centre (SIRC). November 2018. Available from: http://www.sirc.cf.ac.uk/Uploads/The%20causes%20of%20maritime%20accidents%20in%20the%20period%202002-2016.pdf Maritime safety has undoubtedly improved in the last century as a result of a combination of factors including: technological advancement; better training; and regulatory development (Allianz, 2012).

The working and living conditions of seafarers on cargo ships in the period 2011-2016. Seafarers' International Research Centre (SIRC). November 2018. Available from: http://www.sirc.cf.ac.uk/Uploads/Publications/The%20working%20and%20living%20conditions%20of%20seafarers.pdf This report outlines key changes, in the period 2011-16, in the living standards of international seafarers working in the cargo, inshore, offshore, and passenger sectors of the industry.

Seafarers' training: Council adopts its position on streamlined framework. Council of the European Union. 3 December 2018. Available from: https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/press/press-releases/2018/12/03/seafarers-training-council-adopts-its-position-on-streamlined-framework/ The Council today adopted its position (general approach) on a proposal to simplify and streamline the existing EU regulatory framework on seafarers' training and certification.

Forty seafarers abandoned in UAE. Maritime Executive. 9 December 2018. Available from: https://www.maritime-executive.com/article/forty-seafarers-abandoned-in-uae The U.K.-based charity Human Rights at Sea has documented a case of 40 seafarers abandoned in dire circumstances in the UAE.

ISWAN calls on Port of Odessa to reconsider closing seafarer centre. International Seafarers' Welfare and Assistance Network (ISWAN). 10 December 2018. Available from: https://www.seafarerswelfare.org/news/2018/iswan-calls-on-port-of-odessa-to-reconsider-closing-seafarer-centre The seafarer centre, Odessa Seamen's Club, closed its doors last week after being required to move by the port authority in Odessa.

Nautilus warns MCA of criminalisation risk. Nautilus International. 10 December 2018. Available from: https://www.nautilusint.org/en/solasconsultation Nautilus has warned that Maritime & Coastguard Agency (MCA) proposals to update UK legislation in line with changes to the international SOLAS Convention could increase the risk of seafarers being unfairly criminalised.

Maritime industry can now use blockchain for certification of seafarers. By Gavin van Marle. The Loadstar. 11 December 2018. Available from: https://theloadstar.co.uk/maritime-industry-can-now-use-blockchain-certification-seafarers/ A new consortium to deploy blockchain technology to cover the certification of seafarers was unveiled today.

Seafarers demanding more integration as Kenya exploits its Blue Economy resources. By Philip Mwakio. Standard Digital (Kenya). 13 December 2018. Available from: https://www.standardmedia.co.ke/article/2001306077/seafarers-demanding-more-integration-as-kenya-exploits-its-blue-economy-resources A section of Kenyan Seafarers now want the government to include them in its key strategic planning on the implementation and harnessing of the Blue Economy.

Wearable technology and seafarers. International Seafarers' Welfare and Assistance Network (ISWAN). 13 December 2018. Available from: https://www.seafarerswelfare.org/news/2018/wearable-technology-and-seafarers Technology can be a wonderful thing, and shipping is seemingly engaged in perhaps its biggest leap forward since steam replaced sail.

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An update from the International Port Welfare Partnership (IPWP) programme. International Seafarers' Welfare and Assistance Network (ISWAN). 14 December 2018. Available from: https://www.seafarerswelfare.org/news/2018/an-update-from-the-international-port-welfare-partnership-ipwp-programme The International Port Welfare Partnership (IPWP) programme is an ISWAN project managed by the Merchant Navy Welfare Board (MNWB).

Where would a no-deal Brexit leave UK seafarers? By Patrick Kingsland. Ship-Technology.com. 17 December 2018. Available from: https://www.Ship-Technology.com/features/brexit-impact-on-uk-seafarer-certificates/ It is the nightmare scenario that is becoming all the more plausible: with just months to go before the United Kingdom is scheduled to leave the European Union, Theresa May's much-disputed draft withdrawal agreement has left the chance of a no-deal Brexit looking increasingly likely.

A phone call away: Telemedicine has made a huge difference in the well-being of seafarers. By Wendy Laursen. Maritime Executive. 17 December 2018. Available from: https://www.maritime-executive.com/magazine/a-phone-call-away The limited ability to provide medical care at sea has been classified as one of the "special risks" for seafarer stress.

Fair treatment for seafarers. By Ambassador Carlos Salinas. Manila Times. 18 December 2018. Available from: https://www.manilatimes.net/fair-treatment-for-seafarers/484214/ We feel we can't do enough for our Filipino seafarers.

Abducted boxship crewmembers released by Nigerian pirates. Maritime Executive. 18 December 2018. Available from: https://www.maritime-executive.com/article/abducted-boxship-crewmembers-released-by-nigerian-pirates Eight Polish crewmembers from the container ship Pomerania Sky have been released by their captors, two months after they were kidnapped off the coast of Nigeria.

Miracle seafarer survives six days in the sea after ship sinks. Sailors' Society. 18 December 2018. Available from: https://www.sailors-society.org/about-us/press-room/miracle-seafarer/ A seafarer has survived six days in the open sea after the ship he was on sank in the Bali Strait.

Case Study: Seafarers' Abandonment in the UAE. Human Rights at Sea (HRAS). December 2018. Available from: https://www.humanrightsatsea.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/HRAS-Case-Study-UAE-Seafarer-Abandonment-Dec-18-SECURED.pdf Human Rights at Sea has been made aware of a series of human rights and labour abusive practices against seafarers on board three vessels in the UAE belonging to the ship-owner company Elite Way Marine Services EST. incorporated in Dubai.

SEARCH & RESCUE Updated commentary on flagging issue of Aquarius SAR vessel. Human Rights at Sea (HRAS). 6 December 2018. Available from: https://www.humanrightsatsea.org/2018/12/06/updated-commentary-on-flagging-issue-of-aquarius-sar-vessel/ The country of Henry Dunant, father of humanitarian principles, has responded to a popular request and parliamentary motion to allow the Aquarius, Search and Rescue (SAR) vessel of SOS Méditerranée and Médecins sans Frontières, to sail under the Swiss flag.

Aquarius forced to end operations as Europe condemns people to drown. Medecins Sans Frontieres (MSF). 6 December 2018. Available from: https://www.msf.org/aquarius-forced-end-operations-europe-condemns-people-drown As refugees, migrants and asylum seekers continue to die in the Mediterranean Sea, Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF) and its partner SOS MEDITERRANEE have been forced to terminate operations by the search and rescue vessel Aquarius.

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Offshore platform could boost search and rescue operations. By Abdelkhalik Kamal Eldin Soliman Selmy. Maritime Executive. 11 December 2018. Available from: https://www.maritime-executive.com/editorials/offshore-platform-could-boost-search-and-rescue-operations The enormous loss of life, especially migrant fatalities recorded in the Mediterranean, has continued despite the IMO's attention on maritime safety through conventions and new technologies.

SHIP RECYCLING Shipbreaking Platform: fighting to stop boats being broken up on beaches. By Elliot Gardner. Ship-Technology.com. 5 December 2018. Available from: https://www.Ship-Technology.com/features/shipbreaking-platform-ngo/ Most ships have a lifespan of around 25 to 30 years, after which the vessel becomes difficult to run without the owner operating at a loss.

Shipbreaking: Updated list of European ship recycling facilities to include six new yards. European Commission. 6 December 2018. Available from: https://ec.europa.eu/info/news/shipbreaking-updated-list-european-ship-recycling-facilities-include-six-new-yards-2018-dec-06_en In the 4th version of European List of ship recycling facilities published today, the European Commission has added six new yards to the List.

European List of ship recycling facilities. European Commission. 6 December 2018. Available from: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:32018D1906&from=EN Amending Implementing Decision (EU) 2016/2323 to update the European List of ship recycling facilities established pursuant to Regulation (EU) No 1257/2013 of the European Parliament and of the Council.

Ship recycling transparency initiative's online platform goes live. World Maritime News. 10 December 2018. Available from: https://worldmaritimenews.com/archives/266378/ship-recycling-transparency-initiatives-online-platform-goes-live/ The platform comes nine months after a group of shipping companies led by Hapag-Lloyd and Maersk, first announced their collective effort to use the market-drivers that transparency brings to make responsible ship recycling the norm.

Press Release: SRTI launches new platform to drive responsible ship recycling. Ship Recycling Transparency Initiative (SRTI). 10 December 2018. Available from: https://www.shiprecyclingtransparency.org/app/uploads/2018/12/SRTI-Press-release.pdf Industry leaders and non-profit the Sustainable Shipping Initiative today announced the launch of the Ship Recycling Transparency Initiative's (SRTI) online platform, a tool for sharing information on ship recycling to drive responsible practice. SRTI Platform

EU list of approved shipbreakers stirs controversy as D-Day looms. By Geoff Garfield. TradeWinds. 13 December 2018. Available from: https://www.tradewindsnews.com/casualties/1653362/eu-list-of-approved-shipbreakers-stirs-controversy-as-d-day-looms As owners of European-flag ships face an end-of-year deadline requiring them in future to recycle their vessels only at approved yards, controversy continues to rage over the adequacy of the 26-strong list of facilities and its exclusion of the Indian subcontinent.

Ship recycling: No sleepless nights for the E.U. By Nikos Mikelis. Maritime Executive. 25 December 2018. Available from: https://maritime-executive.com/editorials/ship-recycling-no-sleepless-nights-for-the-e-u Since 2014 I have provided The Maritime Executive with an end-of-year review of developments in the ship recycling industry and with some thoughts on what we may expect to see in the new year.

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SHIPBUILDING & SHIPREPAIR China delivers world's first Arctic condensate tanker. China Daily. 5 December 2018. Available from: http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/a/201812/05/WS5c07353aa310eff30328f23f.html The construction of the first Arctic condensate tanker has come to an end at a shipyard in South China's Guangdong province, and the tanker will soon be handed over to its Greek owner.

NYK to build two more LNG carriers for Total. World Maritime News. 7 December 2018. Available from: https://worldmaritimenews.com/archives/266225/ The duo is scheduled for delivery in 2021 and will be equipped with a WinGD-made dual-fuel slow-speed diesel engine (X-DF diesel engine) that can operate on marine gas oil or boil off gas stored in the cargo tank.

Korean shipbuilders dominating LNG carrier market. By Park Jae-hyuk. Korea Times. 10 December 2018. Available from: https://www.koreatimes.co.kr/www/tech/2018/12/693_260047.html Korea will outpace China in terms of the number of shipbuilding orders this year and retake the top spot for the first time in seven years, due to growing demand for liquefied natural gas (LNG) carriers amid stricter environmental regulations worldwide, industry analysts said Friday.

Hurtigruten plans bigger batteries and reveals LBG plans. By Rebecca Moore. Passenger Ship Technology. 14 December 2018. Available from: https://www.passengership.info/news/view,hurtigruten-plans-bigger-batteries-and-liquid-biofuel-for-new-ships_56232.htm Hurtigruten's new battery hybrid cruise ships will leave space for a battery pack five times larger in capacity than the initial pack being used – and the company revealed its plans to use liquid biogas (LBG) to a group of select press as it unveiled its new ships at Kleven shipyard in Norway.

SHIPPING Threat of contaminated fuel easing, but looming sulfur cap is wild card. By Alan R. Earls. Professional Mariner. 30 November 2018. Available from: http://www.professionalmariner.com/December-January-2019/Threat-of-contaminated-fuel-easing-but-looming-sulfur-cap-is-wild-card/ The last thing a mariner wants to worry about is an unreliable prime mover.

Danish firm claims first biofuel commercial sea voyage. By Tom Burridge. BBC News. 30 November 2018. Available from: https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-46394339 As things stand, the vast majority of ocean-going vessels that transport goods across the globe run on what is known as "heavy fuel oil".

Kenya's PS Karigithu named AU Woman of the Year, Africa's most influential. By Martin Mwita. The Exchange (Tanzania). 30 November 2018. Available from: https://www.exchange.co.tz/kenyas-ps-karigithu-named-au-woman-of-the-year-africas-most-influential/ Kenya's Maritime and Shipping Affairs Principal Secretary Nancy Karigithu has been named the 2018 African Union (AU) Woman of the Year and Pan-African Most Influential Woman in Business and Government.

Shipping braced for a year of disruption. By Linton Nightingale. Lloyd's List. 1 December 2018. Available from: https://lloydslist.maritimeintelligence.informa.com/LL1125484/Shipping-braced-for-a-year-of-disruption Shipping faces a year of uncertainty in 2019, underpinned by political, technological and regulatory disruption.

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Commentary: Global shipping and logistics chains reshaped as China's Belt and Road dreams take off. By Andre Wheeler. Channel News Asia. 2 December 2018. Available from: https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/commentary/belt-road-initiative-reshaping-global-trade-shipping-logistics-10954186 Tectonic shifts are underway in the shipping sector as trade logistics and supply chains are being disrupted, not by technology but the awakening of a long-asleep dragon.

Harry Theochari takes the reins at Maritime UK. Maritime UK. 3 December 2018. Available from: https://www.maritimeuk.org/media-centre/news/harry-theochari-takes-reins-maritime-uk/ Theochari will start his tenure by co-chairing the Maritime Ministerial Working Group tomorrow, followed by meetings with other politicians at Westminster, including the Shadow Transport and Scotland Secretaries.

Digitalization forces carriers to find new pathways to value. By Katrine Grønvald Raun. ShippingWatch. 3 December 2018. Available from: https://shippingwatch.com/secure/carriers/article11045786.ece A core ingredient for carriers' business could be reduced to a parenthesis, at least when it comes to value creation.

Is digitisation in shipping disruption or racketeering? By Panos Patsadas. Splash 247.com. 3 December 2018. Available from: https://splash247.com/is-digitisation-in-shipping-disruption-or-racketeering/ I have been quietly observing for months now the on-going debate about the digitisation of shipping and reading time after time how this is the future.

Maersk sets net zero co2 emission target by 2050. Maersk. 4 December 2018. Available from: https://www.maersk.com/news/2018/12/04/maersk-sets-net-zero-co2-emission-target-by-2050 Aimed at accelerating the transition to carbon neutral shipping, Maersk announces today its goal to reach carbon neutrality by 2050.

IMO 2020: EGCSA criticizes Singapore open-loop scrubber ban. Ship & Bunker. 5 December 2018. Available from: https://shipandbunker.com/news/apac/671641-imo-2020-egcsa-criticizes-singapore-open-loop-scrubber-ban Singapore's decision to ban open-loop scrubbing has come under further fire, this time from the Exhaust Gas Cleaning Systems Association (EGCSA).

Logavatu breaks new grounds in international maritime sector. By Inoke Rabonu. Fiji Sun Online. 5 December 2018. Available from: http://fijisun.com.fj/2018/12/05/logavatu-breaks-new-grounds-in-international-maritime-sector/ Mavis Elizabeth Vandhana Joseph-Logavatu is breaking new grounds as International Maritime Organisation's (IMO's) Technical cooperation officer with the Pacific Community (SPC).

Sail-powered ships to carry Renault cars to the US. By Christian Carlsen. ShippingWatch. 5 December 2018. Available from: https://shippingwatch.com/carriers/article11052343.ece French car manufacturer Renault has joined players who want wind sails installed on large merchant ships.

«Explosive growth» in Russian Arctic shipping. By Atle Staalesen. Independent Barents Observer (Norway). 5 December 2018. Available from: https://thebarentsobserver.com/en/arctic-industry-and-energy/2018/12/explosive-growth-russias-arctic-shipping «It is an explosive growth,» Rosatom representative Maksim Kulenko underlined in a speech this week.

Shipping needs a 'green revolution' to take on future challenges. By Katherine Si. Seatrade Maritime News. 6 December 2018. Available from: http://www.seatrade-maritime.com/news/asia/shipping-needs-a-green-revolution-to-take-on-future-challenges.html Energy transformation and climate changes are posing serious challenges to international shipping, which, even though shipping is considered an efficient mode of transport, is under pressure to reduce its emissions, speakers said at the International Marine Intelligent Energy Efficiency Technology Summit 2018 held in Shanghai.

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Sails make a comeback as shipping tries to go green. Canadian Broadcasting Corporation (CBC). 6 December 2018. Available from: https://www.cbc.ca/news/technology/rotor-

sails-freighters-shipping-1.4934907 As the shipping industry faces pressure to cut climate-altering greenhouse gas emissions, one answer is blowing in the wind.

MSC recommits to IMO targets as Maersk raises emissions bar. By Janet Porter. Lloyd's List. 6 December 2018. Available from: https://lloydslist.maritimeintelligence.informa.com/LL1125421/MSC-recommits-to-IMO-targets-as-Maersk-raises-emissions-bar Mediterranean Shipping Co says it remains committed to a multilateral approach to reducing ship pollution after alliance partner Maersk set out its own ambitious targets for zero carbon emissions by 2050.

Verifavia Shipping signs cooperations with 8 ROs to support IMO DCS Verification. Verifavia Shipping. 7 December 2018. Available from: https://bit.ly/2FhCgo5 Verifavia, the world's leading emissions verification company for the transport sector (aviation and shipping), today announced 8 new cooperation agreements with Recognized Organisations (ROs), supporting the verification of data for the International Maritime Organisation's (IMO) Data Collection System (DCS) regulation.

Risk to trade if ports not climate change proofed. United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD). 7 December 2018.Available from: https://unctad.org/en/pages/newsdetails.aspx?OriginalVersionID=1949 About 80% of world trade is carried by sea, but the maritime industry handling these goods is on the frontline of climate woes, unless it adapts - fast.

Top 10 flag states 2018. Lloyd's List. 10 December 2018. Available from: https://lloydslist.maritimeintelligence.informa.com/LL1125024/Top-10-flag-states-2018 Panama is, unsurprisingly, still the world's biggest ship register by more than 80m tonnes.

A new platform will enable shipping players to exchange tonnage. By Louise Vogdrup-Schmidt. ShippingWatch. 10 December 2018. Available from: https://shippingwatch.com/secure/carriers/Container/article11061386.ece A new digital platform named TTEX will enable shipping companies try out completely new sides of shipping.

The big picture behind Maersk's 2050 decarbonisation pledge. By Tristan Smith. Splash 247.com. 11 December 2018. Available from: https://splash247.com/the-big-picture-behind-maersks-2050-decarbonisation-pledge/ Maersk's announcement is a major step forwards for the sector and for the future stability of world trade, and provides a real boost for all the companies working on zero GHG solutions for shipping.

Moody's: Two tough years ahead for container carriers. By Tomas Kristiansen. ShippingWatch. 12 December 2018. Available from: https://shippingwatch.com/secure/carriers/Container/article11066441.ece ShippingWatch has asked Moody's Maersk expert Maria Maslovsky to elaborate on whether the concerns about Maersk represent concerns about the entire container industry.

Happy 50th Birthday Review of Maritime Transport: looking forward to the next maritime half-century. By Richard Scott. Hellenic Shipping News. 12 December 2018. Available from: https://www.hellenicshippingnews.com/happy-50th-birthday-review-of-maritime-transport-looking-forward-to-the-next-maritime-half-century/ Fifty years ago the world's shipping industry was experiencing the onset of changes which were destined to have a lasting impact and shape the pattern of activities seen in today's markets.

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Shipping must address its commissions system. By Okan Duru. Splash 247.com. 12 December 2018. Available from: https://splash247.com/shipping-must-address-its-commissions-system/ Why did the Financial Conduct Authority of the United Kingdom ban commission-based fee systems among investment advisories, and what does it tell us about the century-old commission systems of the shipping markets?

Women in Maritime elect new executive. Business & Maritime West Africa. 12 December 2018. Available from: http://www.businessandmaritimewestafrica.com/maritime-development/women-in-maritime-elect-new-executive The Women International Maritime Africa (WIMAfrica) Nigerian chapter, on Tuesday in Lagos elected Mrs Bola Muse, as the new President with 23 votes against two other contestants.

Shipping lines have yet to prove promises of speedy booking. By Katrine Grønvald Raun. ShippingWatch. 12 December 2018. Available from: https://shippingwatch.com/secure/carriers/Container/article11066834.ece It should be as easy to book a container as it is to order a plane ticket.

In depth: three key ship types to watch in 2019. World Maritime News. 12 December 2018. Available from: https://worldmaritimenews.com/archives/266603/three-key-ship-types-to-watch-in-2019/ These include big-ship categories led by Capesizes, large LNG carriers and medium range (MR1) tankers, according to VesselsValue's trade analyst Court Smith.

Top 10 women in shipping 2018. Lloyd's List. 13 December 2018. Available from: https://lloydslist.maritimeintelligence.informa.com/LL1125250/Top-10-women-in-shipping-2018 From finance and insurance to politics, dry bulk and oil, women are increasingly making their mark in an historically male-dominated shipping industry.

Coming changes in marine fuel sulfur limits will affect global oil markets. US Energy Information Administration (EIA). 14 December 2018. Available from: https://www.eia.gov/todayinenergy/detail.php?id=37793 International regulations limiting sulfur in fuels for ocean-going vessels, set to take effect in January 2020, have implications for vessel operators, refiners, and global oil markets.

'Maritime industry has capacity to drive economy'. By Sulaimon Salau. Guardian (Nigeria). 14 December 2018. Available from: https://guardian.ng/business-services/maritime-industry-has-capacity-to-drive-economy/ With a prospect to generate over $8 billion yearly, the maritime sector has the resources to propel the desired growth in the nation's economy, stakeholders have said.

Maersk reveals big industry response to its decarbonisation pledge. By Sam Chambers. Splash 247.com. 17 December 2018. Available from: https://splash247.com/maersk-reveals-big-industry-response-to-its-decarbonisation-pledge/ Maersk has had a huge response from maritime peers keen to join its ambitious 2050 fleet decarbonisation bid.

Outcome of IACS Council 78. All About Shipping. 17 December 2018. Available from: www.allaboutshipping.co.uk/2018/12/17/outcome-of-iacs-council-78/ The IACS Council welcomed the publication of the final three, of twelve, IACS Recommendations on Cyber Safety.

Cargo ships are emitting boatloads of carbon, and nobody wants to take the blame. By Henrik Selin and Rebecca Cowing. The Conversation. 18 December 2018. Available from: https://theconversation.com/cargo-ships-are-emitting-boatloads-of-carbon-and-nobody-wants-to-

take-the-blame-108731 Maritime shipping transports 90 percent of the goods traded around the world by volume.

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Global cruise industry to cut carbon emissions by 40% by 2030. By Rebecca Gibson. Cruise & Ferry. 18 December 2018. Available from: http://www.cruiseandferry.net/articles/global-cruise-industry-to-cut-carbon-emissions-by-40-by-2030 Cruise Lines International Association (CLIA) and its member cruise lines have pledged to cut carbon emissions by 40% by 2030, making the cruise sector the first in the maritime industry to jointly commit to reducing its carbon footprint.

Keeping trade flowing after Brexit won't be plain sailing. By Jonathan Saul. Reuters. 18 December 2018. Available from: https://uk.reuters.com/article/us-britain-eu-shipping/keeping-trade-flowing-after-brexit-wont-be-plain-sailing-idUKKBN1OH250 The British government has held talks with shipping firms to secure back-up vessels in case Britain exits the European Union with no trade deal but it is unlikely to make progress as most ships are booked for other business, industry sources say.

One Hundred People 2018. Lloyd's List. December 2018. Available from: https://lloydslist.maritimeintelligence.informa.com/one-hundred-edition-nine Environmental regulation has pushed everything else off the agenda for 2019 as the maritime industry stares down the barrel of the International Maritime Organization's low-sulphur cap.

RESEARCH Microplastic ingestion ubiquitous in marine turtles. By E. M. Duncan, A. C. Broderick et al. Global Change Biology. (2018). Available from: https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.14519 Despite concerns regarding the environmental impacts of microplastics, knowledge of the incidence and levels of synthetic particles in large marine vertebrates is lacking. Seabed Mining and Approaches to Governance of the Deep Seabed. By K. F. Thompson, K. A. Miller et al. Frontiers in Marine Science. (2018). Available from: https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fmars.2018.00480 Commercial seabed mining seems imminent, highlighting the urgent need for coherent, effective policy to safeguard the marine environment.

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About the cover The CAB Cover is a photograph of the international memorial to the world’s seafarers, past, present and future which graces the entrance to IMO Headquarters in London. The memorial, a seven-metre high, ten-tonne bronze representation of the bow of a cargo ship with a lone seafarer on the deck, is the work of internationally renowned British sculptor Michael Sandle.