international law relating to islands part i islands ...exclusive economic zone and the continental...
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International Law Relating to Islands
Part I
Islands, Rocks, and Low-Tide Elevations
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Characteristics of the sea
“ridge” “bank” “bar” “plateau” “rise” “cap” “spur” “reef” “shoal” “atoll” “rock” “island”
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Mid-oceanic ridge
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Macclesfield Bank
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United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea
Article 121(1)
Regime of Islands
1. An island is a naturally formed area of land, surrounded by water, which is above water at high tide.
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United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea
Article 121(2)
Regime of Islands
2. Except as provided for in paragraph 3, the territorial sea, the contiguous zone, the exclusive economic zone and the continental shelf of an island are determined in accordance with the provisions of this Convention applicable to other land territory.
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United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea
Article 121(3)
Regime of Islands
3. Rocks which cannot sustain human habitation or economic life of their own shall have no exclusive economic zone or continental shelf.
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Oil platform
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Lighthouse on a bank
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Dredging sand to build an island
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Dike
Canal
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Iceberg
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Abel Island (Norway)
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Rock
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Rockall Island
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Quitasueño Bank
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Maritime Delimitation in the Black Sea
Serpents’ Island
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Disputes in the South China Sea
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Artificial islands
Palm Jumeirah in Dubai
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International Law Relating to Islands
Part II
Methods for Securing Sovereignty over an Island
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Sovereignty over islands
A. General points
B. Discovery of terra nullius
C. Cession or other agreement
D. Continuous and peaceful possession
E. State succession
F. Military conquest
G. Relevance of proximity
H. Relevance of maps
I. Alternative approaches
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Clipperton Island
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Tiran and Sanafir Islands in the Red Sea
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Island of Palmas
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Hanish Islands in the Red Sea
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Uti possidetis juris:
French West Africa
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1978-1984 Beagle Channel Mediation
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International Law Relating to Islands
Part III
Islands in Relation to Maritime Zones
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United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea
Article 121(2)
Regime of Islands
2. Except as provided for in paragraph 3, the territorial sea, the contiguous zone, the exclusive economic zone and the continental shelf of an island are determined in accordance with the provisions of this Convention applicable to other land territory.
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Strait Baselines
the coast is deeply indented or there is a fringe of islands
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Maritime Delimitation in the Black Sea
Serpents’ Island
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Lighthouse on low-tide elevation
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Bays
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Disputes in the South China Sea
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Atoll
Taiaro Atoll, French Polynesia
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Archipelagic States (Indonesia)
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Archipelagic sea-lane passage
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International Law Relating to Islands
Part IV
Effects of Islands on Maritime Boundary Delimitation
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Equidistance line approach
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Anglo/French Continental Shelf Dispute
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Angle bi-sector approach
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Anglo/French Continental Shelf Dispute
Channel Islands Enclaves
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By Eric Gaba
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Territorial and Maritime Dispute (Nicaragua v. Colombia)
Sketch Map No. 1
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Territorial and Maritime Dispute (Nicaragua v. Colombia)
Sketch Map No. 2
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Territorial and Maritime Dispute (Nicaragua v. Colombia)
Sketch Map No. 3
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Territorial and Maritime Dispute (Nicaragua v. Colombia)
Sketch Map No. 8
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Territorial and Maritime Dispute (Nicaragua v. Colombia)
Sketch Map No. 9
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Territorial and Maritime Dispute (Nicaragua v. Colombia)
Sketch Map No. 11