international journals of engineering & sciences n · 2013. 4. 20. · international journals...

International Journals of Engineering & Sciences

IJENS Vol: 12 Issue 03

June 2012

I

J

E

N

S

Click here

Contact: [email protected] [email protected] www.ijens.org

International Journals of Engineering & Sciences

mailto:[email protected]

mailto:[email protected]

http://www.ijens.org/

International Journals of Engineering & Sciences IJENS Vol 12 Issue 03 (June2012)

Main Menu [SIX International Journals under IJENS]

International Journals of Engineering & Technology IJET-IJENS

International Journals of Basic & Applied Sciences IJBAS-IJENS

International Journals of Electrical & Computer Sciences IJECS-IJENS

International Journals of Mechanical & Mechatronics Engineering IJMME-IJENS

International Journals of Civil & Environmental Engineering IJCEE-IJENS

International Journals of Video & Image Processing and Network Security IJVIPNS-IJENS

I

J

E

N

S

International Journals of Engineering & Sciences IJENS Vol 12 Issue 03 (June 2012)

ISSN: 2077-1185 (Online) 2227-2712 (Print) Impact Factor: 0.4245 Volume 12 Issue 03 June 2012 International Journal of Engineering & Technology IJET International Journals of Engineering & Sciences IJENS for list of Papers

I

J

E

T

IJET

Volume 12 Issue 03 June 2012 ISSN: 2077-1185 (Online) 2227-2712 (Print) International Journal of Engineering & Technology IJET International Journals of Engineering & Sciences IJENS IJENS Vol 12 Issue 03 (June 2012)

Title: Synthesis of Sulforaphane during the Formation of Plantlets from Broccoli (Brassica

oleracea L var italica) In Vitro

Author(s): Wenny Tilaar, Sumeru Ashari, Bagyo Yanuwiadi, Jeany Polii-Mandang

Pages: 01-05 Journal: IJET/IJENS Paper ID: 128303-4545-IJET-IJENS Published: 10-06-2012 | Full Text (.pdf) |64 KB

I

J

E

T

Abstract: Synthesis of sulforaphane in shoots of broccoli (Brassica oleracea L var italica) had been conducted in vitro.

Sulforaphane is found in abundance in broccoli shoots. The experiment was designed in three stages. Stage one was aimed to find the best concentration of naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) and benzylaminopurine acetic acid (BAP) in inducing the production of sulforaphane in broccoli cultures. In the second stage we studied the shoot propagation and analyzed the effect of combination of methionine precursor and the broccoli seed extract in increasing the sulforaphane yield. Stage three was aimed to find the best combination of methionine concentration and broccoli seed extract in producing sulforaphane in the broccoli plantlet. The results show that during the induction stage 1 ppm of NAA and 5 ppm BAP increased the sulforaphane production upto 47.76 ng/g, while the combination of 100 mg methionine and 1 g broccoli seed extract yielded 182.09 ng/g in the shoot propagation stage and 2,901 ng/g in the plantlet formation stage.

Keywords: Broccoli, methionine, sulforaphane, NAA, BAP, shoot induction, shoot propagation, plantlet formation

128303-4545-IJET-IJENS.pdf

















Title: Experimntal Study On Sn-Bi-In Melt-Spun Ribbons For Intermediate-Step Soldering

Author(s): Mustafa Kamal , Abu-Bakr El-Bediwi ,Shalabia Badr , Sabah Taha


I

J

E

T

Abstract: We chose Sn10Bi, Sn10Bi10In, Sn20Bi, and Sn20Bi20In (numbers are in weight percent) rapidly solidified from

melt using melt-spinning technique for intermediate –step soldering. We then investigated the structure, electrical and mechanical properties of the melt-spun ribbons using x-ray diffraction, double bridge circuit, dynamic resonance technique, and Vickers microhardeness tester. It was concluded that Sn10Bi10In as Pb-Free solder for intermediate-step soldering is the best solder in micromechanical system packaging as a hermetic sealing step.

Keywords: Melt-spin technique, SnBiIn, structure, Electrical, Mechanical properties, and Step Soldering

















Title: Buoyancy Driven Motion of Crude Oil Droplet within Aqueous Solutions

Author(s): Eisa AlMatroushi, Mamdouh T. Ghannam


I

J

E

T

Abstract: The flow behavior of the crude oil droplet motion within different aqueous solutions was studied in terms of

several parameters. These parameters are the effect of surface active material, salt concentration, and polymer concentration. The crude oil droplet motion under low Reynolds number was investigated in terms of rising velocity, steady shapes, and dimensionless geometric parameters. Different Newtonian and Non-Newtonian aqueous solutions were used as continuous phase. The droplets motion due to buoyancy effects was examined in a capillary tube positioned vertically. The mobility of the crude oil droplet and the steady shape deformation are influenced by the presence of the surfactant which, in turn, affects surface tension of the droplets. Presence of salt in the continuous phase also affects the crude oil droplet shape.

Keywords: Droplet motion; surfactant; non-Newtonian fluids, crude oil, buoyancy effect






Title: Morphology Studies and Mechanical Properties for PS/SBS Blends

Author(s): Buthaina A. Ibrahim, Karrer M. Kadum


I

J

E

T

Abstract: Polymer blending is of growing importance nowadays, because the blend can be tailored to meet the

requirements of specific applications. Blends of Polystyrene (PS) and Styrene-Butadiene-Styrene (SBS), as thermoplastic elastomers are prepared in different ratios by melt blending technique using Haake Poly-Driver extruder. Tensile test, Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) are used to study the mechanical and thermal properties and morphology. The test results show that the mechanical properties depend on the SBS content, i.e. the tensile strength and Young's modulus are found to decrease with increasing SBS composition, while ultimate elongation and impact strength are found to increase with increasing SBS composition. Test results show that all mechanical properties nearly follow the rule-of-mixture behavior. The DSC test results confirm state of miscibility for all blend ratios. The SEM results fully support those results obtained from mechanical properties.

Keywords: Polystyrene (PS), Styrene-Butadiene- Styrene (SBS), Polymer Blends, Morphology, Mechanical Properties






Title: Isolation and Identification of Biolarvicide from Soursop (Annona muricata Linn) Seeds

to Mosquito (Aedes aegypti) Larvae

Author(s): Alfrits Komansilan, Abdul L. Abadi, Bagyo Yanuwiadi, David A. Kaligis


I

J

E

T

Abstract: Isolation and identification of larvicide bioactive from soursop (Annona muricata Linn) seeds against the larvae of

Aedes aegypti mosquito, the transmitters of dengue fever has been done. The ethanol extract of soursop seeds was an active larvicide agent with a lethal concentration LC50 = 244.27 ppm. The soursop seed extract contains secondary metabolites compounds of saponin, alkaloid and triterpenoid groups. Test results of the activity fraction of n-hexane, ethyl acetate fraction and n-butanol fraction towards the Aedes aegypti mosquito's larvae showed that the fraction of n-hexane is more effective and has the highest toxicity with the concentration of mortality (LC50) = 73.77 ppm. Separation by column chromatography obtained 15 mg of active anti larvicide isolates (F2). Analysis and identification with GC-MS showed peaks of seven compounds, where there were three dominant compounds with a retention time relatively close and have the abundance % that are large enough which are classified as organic fatty acids, namely: methyl palmitate, methyl oleate and methyl stearate with the most dominant compound which is methyl palmitate fatty acid which has a 39.93% abundance.

Keywords: Soursop fruit, identification, biolarvicide, Aedes aegypti, Annona muricata Linn






















Title: Exponential Barrier Method in Solving Linear Programming Problems

Author(s): Parwadi Moengin


I

J

E

T

Abstract: This paper is concerned with the study of the exponential barrier method for linear programming problems with

the essential property that each exponential barrier method is concave when viewed as a function of the multiplier.. It presents some background of the method and its variants for the problem. Under certain assumption on the parameters of the exponential barrier function, we give a rule for choosing the parameters of the barrier function. Theorems and algorithms for the methods are also given in this paper. At the end of the paper we give some conclusions and comments on the methods.

Keywords: Linear programming, exponential barrier method, barrier function, Interior pint algorithm






Title: The differentiation and decision matrix risk assessment of accident precursors and near-

misses on construction sites

Author(s): Qiang Chen, Weiwei Wu, Xing Zhang


I

J

E

T

Abstract: Precursors and near misses are well known for providing a major source of useful information for safety risk

management. They are more frequent events than accidents and their causes may potentially result in an accident under slightly different circumstances. Despite the importance of this type of feedback, there is little knowledge on the characteristics of precursors and near misses, and on the use of this information in safety risk management. This paper focuses on differentiating the concepts of precursors related and evaluating the risk of precursors, near misses. First, precursors, near misses related concepts are reviewed and the relationships between the concepts are presented. Furthermore, the importance of precursors and near misses to further improve safety margins are emphasized. Eventually, risk-based evaluation of precursors, near misses is performed and the impacts of precursors, near misses on quantitative risk estimates are emphasized. By describing the precursors, near misses incidents with related probabilities and consequences, proactive management can be mobilized. Furthermore, a deeper understanding of the precursors and near misses will give the potential to control variability rather than by constraining it. Moreover, the investigation of precursors and near misses incidents can be used as a source of information for the construction of a structured methodological approach for decision-making. Information from precursors and near misses incidents investigations can also be important tools for improved risk communication.

Keywords: Precursors, Near misses, Risk-based evaluation, Decision matrix








Title: Establishing Crude Oil Concentration in Sediment Applying the Toluene Colour Index

Method

Author(s): Franz L. Kessler


I

J

E

T

Abstract: Seepagecrude oil and oil-impregnated sand were sampled in the surroundings of Miri, Sarawak, and

mixed/extracted with Toluene in the laboratory. The oil produced a characteristic staining of the Toluene, and it was noticed that the colour of the oil/Toluene mix and oil sand/Toluene extraction appeared to be proportional to the concentration of oil dissolved in the Toluene. The liquid colour changed from faint yellow/green in low concentrations to deep orange, and later at rising oil concentration to orange-brown. Therefore it is concluded that the colour of the Toluene/oil mix can be used to estimate oil saturation (So, %) of oil sands, onceoil concentrations in Toluene are calibratedwith a colour index chart. The method might also be used to quickly assess the amount of crude oil contamination in the aftermath of an oil spill.

Keywords: Oil, Borneo, Miri field, Seepage, Toluene, soil pollution










Title: Hybrid BSCF Genetic Algorithms in the optimisation of a PIFA Antenna

Author(s): Ameerudden Mohammad Riyad, Rughooputh Harry C. S


I

J

E

T

Abstract: With the exponential development of mobile communications and the miniaturization of radio frequency

transceivers, the need for small and low profile antennas at mobile frequencies is constantly growing. Therefore, new antennas should be developed to provide both larger bandwidth and small dimensions. This paper presents an intelligent optimisation technique using a hybridized Genetic Algorithms (GA) coupled with the intelligence of the Binary String Fitness Characterization (BSFC) technique. The aim of this project is to design and optimize the bandwidth of a Planar Inverted-F Antenna (PIFA) in order to achieve a larger bandwidth in the 2 GHz band. The optimization technique used is based on the Binary Coded GA (BCGA) and Real-Coded GA (RCGA). The optimisation process has been enhanced by using a Clustering Algorithm to minimize the computational cost. During the optimization process, the different PIFA models are evaluated using the finite-difference time domain (FDTD) method.

Keywords: BCGA, BSFC, Genetic Algorithms; Hybrid GA, PIFA, RCGA









Title: Performance Comparison of LTE Transmission Modes in High Speed Channels using Soft

Sphere Decoder

Author(s): Syed Ali Irtaza, Aamir Habib, Qamar-ul-Islam


I

J

E

T

Abstract: Recent technologies have made real-time high data rate communication a reality. Long Term Evolution (LTE) is one

of them. In this paper we discuss the performance of Transmit Diversity (TxD) and Spatial multiplexing (SM) using Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) communication in comparison with Single Input Single Output (SISO) communication to achieve high date rates in LTE communication. Vehicular A (VehA) and Vehicular B (VehB) tapped delay channel model are used to model the high speed outdoor movements of the LTE user. Soft Sphere Decoder (SSD) with Minimum Mean Square Error (MMSE) equalization is used. Sphere decoder (SD) gives a sub optimal Maximum Likelihood (ML) solution with reduced complexity. Complexity is reduced as compared to the ML decoder as the solution is chosen by considering the values that are enclosed by the radius of the sphere. Soft decisions are incorporated to have reduced error probability. The comparison is performed between transmission modes to select the mode of communication based upon the SNR and throughput to achieve optimal utilization of the resources. It is observed that at lower values of SNR, TxD performs better, giving higher throughput and reduced Block Error Rate (BLER). As the SNR values are increased beyond a certain threshold, the performance of Closed Loop Spatial Multiplexing (CLSM) and Open Loop Spatial Multiplexing (OLSM) performs better than the TxD in terms of throughput therefore making TxD not suitable for higher values of SNR. The Least Square (LS) estimation for feedback provides no improvement at high speed to compensate the rapid change of the channel behavior.

Keywords: VehB, SSD, Transmit Diversity, Closed Loop Spatial Multiplexing, Open Loop Spatial Multiplexing, LS







Title: Effect of Adding Ag on Tensile and Microstructure Properties of Zinc Alloy

Author(s): Farihan M. Azizan, Hadi Purwanto, Mohd Yusry Mustafa


I

J

E

T

Abstract: Silver additions between 0.03 wt.% to 0.50 wt.% were made to the Zn-20Sn (wt.%) in an attempt to develop Zinc

based alloy for application and improvement in giftware industry. In this study, we investigated the effect of Ag addition on Zn based alloy and mechanical properties of Zn-Sn-Ag alloys with variation of Ag contents. The measured mechanical properties are tensile strength and percentage elongation. It was found that addition of Ag over the entire range of concentrations has a useful effect on tensile properties of the alloy. Furthermore, the percentage elongation and tensile strength of the samples also increases with further increase in Ag content. Alloy containing 0.50 wt.% showed the highest value in both tensile strength and percentage elongation. Thus, the mechanical properties of the alloy improved with increasing Ag percentage up to 0.50 wt. %. On the other hand, increasing Ag content also significantly affected the fracture surface of the alloys. The surface showed a mixed mode of fracture exhibiting ductile failure and brittle failure. Metallographic studies showed that the addition of Ag resulted in microstructure modifications of the alloy involving the formation of intermetallic compound identified as Ag3Sn and AgZn which decrease the precipitation of Zn in Sn matrix. The microstructure results also affected the mechanical properties of alloy by the presence of the elements.

Keywords: Zinc alloy, silver, giftware, mechanical properties, fracture






Title: A Novel Crowbar Protection Technique for DFIG Wind Farm during Fault Ride Through

Author(s): Omar Noureldeen


I

J

E

T

Abstract: This paper proposes a terminal crowbar protection technique for Doubly Fed Induction Generators (DFIG) to

protect the rotor converter and enhance network stability during grid disturbances. Simulation test using MATLAB-Simulink toolbox is implemented on a 9 MW wind farm exports its power to 120 KV grid. The simulation is performed using different values of crowbar resistances. The variations of rotor current, rotor speed, DC-link voltage, active power and reactive power of the wind farm are investigated. Also, a comparison between the conventional crowbar and the proposed crowbar protection techniques is investigated.

Keywords: DFIG, Conventional Crowbar, Terminal Crowbar, Rotor Current, Active Power, Reactive Power, Short Circuit






Title: Study on Container Yard Utilization of Major Ports in Indonesia Eastern Region

Author(s): Misliah Idrus, Lawalenna Samang, Rahardjo Adisasmita, Ganding Sitepu, M. Isran Ramli


I

J

E

T

Abstract: This paper attempts to analyze the utilization of container yards of major ports in Indonesian Eastern Region for

current condition. In this regard, the study focused on ten major ports available in the region. Yard occupation ratio (YOR), a performance indicator of container yard utilization is calculated using a general standard model. Furthermore, the paper forecasts the demand of the container yard using growth method in order to evaluate the container yards capacity in the future. The analysis results show that the utilization of the container yards is not optimal in serving the container throughput. In considering the current and future growth of the demand, most of the container yards of the major ports in the region need improvement and development efforts in order to increase their serving in the future.

Keywords: Container yard, utilization, yard occupation ratio (YOR), major port, Indonesia Eastern Region






Title: Mitigating DoS/DDoS Attacks using IPTables

Author(s): Bahaa Qasim M. AL-Musawi


I

J

E

T

Abstract: Denial-of-Service (DoS) is a network security problem that constitutes a serious challenge to reliability of services

deployed on the servers. The aim of DoS attacks is to exhaust a resource in the target system, reducing or completely subverting the availability of the service provided. Threat of DoS attacks has become even more severe with DDoS (Distributed Denial-of-Service) attack. It is an attempt by malicious users to carry out DoS attack indirectly with the help of many compromised computers on the Internet. Service providers are under mounting pressure to prevent, monitor and mitigate DoS/DDoS attacks directed toward their customers and their infrastructure. Defending against those types of attacks is not a trivial job, mainly due to the use of IP spoofing and the destination-based routing of the Internet, though there are many proposed methods which aim to alleviate the problem like Firewalls, Intrusion Detection Systems, Ingress filtering, IP Traceback, SYN Proxy etc. This paper discusses the efficient packet filtering technique using firewall to defend against DoS/DDoS attacks. Firewall scripts are written using command-line tool iptables in Linux to deny the suspicious traffic. Packet analyzer tool used to showcase the effectiveness of the scripts in mitigating the various kinds of DoS/DDoS attacks.

Keywords: DoS attacks, DDoS attacks, iptables












Title: Age and Paleoecology of The New Netim Formation Calabar Flank, South Eastern Nigeria

Author(s): Edoho D. Bassey, Nse U. Essien


I

J

E

T

Abstract: Diverse benthic and planktic Foraminiferal assemblages of Cretaceous age occur within the shales that

intercalates the New Netim Marl in the Calabar Flank, South Eastern Nigeria. This formation forms marl ridges across the Calabar Flank from Ikot Nyong (Northeast) to Mbebu village (southwest) . Fifteen fresh samples were collected from the highly fissile shales that intercalate the marl units (fig 1). They were subjected to foraminiferal (micropaleontological) and palynological analysis to determine the age and study the paleoecology of the New Netim Formation. Foraminiferal analysis reveals the occurrence of the following index benthic forms: Ammobaculites jessensis, Ammobaculites benuensis and Haplophragmodies bauchensis. Also, the planktic foraminiferal species identified include: Whiteinella inornata, Whiteinella baltica and Heterohelix reussi. These foraminiferal assemblages point to a Turonian – Coniacian age for the New Netim Formation. Palynomorphs recovered from the palynological analysis are generally long-ranging microspores. However, the occurrence of Mid – Upper Cretaceous Trifossapollenites sp. and Cicatricosisporites sp. indicates a Turonian – Coniacian age for the marl unit under investigation. The above foraminiferal and palynological assemblages suggest a Turonian- Coniacian age for the New Netim Formation and a shallow inner- neritic paleo- bathymetric environment for the carbonate build-up.

Keywords: Age, Foraminifera, Palynomorphs, Paleoecology, New Netim Formation















ISSN: 2077-1223 (Online) 2227-2720 (Print) Impact Factor: 0.3647 Volume 12 Issue 03 June 2012 International Journal of Basic & Applied Sciences IJBAS International Journals of Engineering & Sciences IJENS for list of Papers

I

J

B

A

S

IJBAS

Volume 12 Issue 03 June 2012 ISSN: 2077-1223 (Online) 2227-2720 (Print) International Journal of Basic & Applied Sciences IJBAS International Journals of Engineering & Sciences IJENS IJENS Vol 12 Issue 03 (June 2012)

Title: General Method Of Multivariate Non-Linear Regression Based On Genetic Programming

Author(s): Ortiz Triviño, Jorge Eduardo; Florez Calderón, Mauro

Pages: 01-12 Journal: IJBAS/IJENS Paper ID: 121803-6464-IJBAS-IJENS Published: 10-06-2012 | Full Text (.pdf) |293 KB

I

J

B

A

S

Abstract: In this paper we show the method Ψ to estimate the structure and parameters of a non-lienar function of real

value ƒ(.;Ɵ):Ɽn→Ɽ from a data set {(x1, x2, …, xj, …, xn,; y1)}i=m i=n taken from that function. The technique Ψ is based in the Holland’s genetic algorithm, this employ the genetic operations of selection, crossover and mutation. But unlike this, the individuals are dynamic structures called trees, allowing its size can grow without restrictions and these ones can become a better representation of the desired response. The experimentation shows that the method is efficient for both linear and nonlinear functions as well as for multivaried cases.

Keywords: Model, non linear function, genetic programming, structure

121803-6464-IJBAS-IJENS.pdf







Title: XRF Study on Some Indian Mackerel Samples

Author(s): Fairuz M.N, Bauk S., Suzana M. I.


I

J

B

A

S

Abstract: X-ray fluorescence analysis is a powerful analytical tool for the determination of almost all the elements present

in a sample. The aim of this paper was to study the X-ray fluorescence emissions from some fish tissue samples. The excitation source used was an annular radioactive source of Am-241 and the X-ray fluorescence from the sample were counted using a high purity Germanium (HPGe) detector. The spectra obtained were analyzed using a Multi-Channel Analyzer-3 analyzer and Microsoft Excel. Seven fish samples of Indian Mackerel were bombarded with Am-241 photons without any sample preparation. Each data were collected for four hours. The X-ray fluorescence spectra from these samples were complex due to the presence of natural tissues of the fish. From the spectra obtained, there were some trace elements suggested to be present in the samples. The possible trace elements present in the sample were Manganese (Mn), Iron (Fe), Rubidium (Rb), Niobium (Nb), and Molybdenum (Mo). The presence of these trace elements might due to the essential nutrition of the fish.

Keywords: X-ray fluorescence, XRF analysis, trace elements, biological sample






Title: Skills for driving continuous improvement in a electricity distributor

Author(s): Tércius Cassius Melo de Morais, Maria de Lourdes Barreto Gomes, Luiz Bueno da Silva


I

J

B

A

S

Abstract: This article presents variables and their respective impacts on the continuous improvement (CI) of a Brazilian

electric company. In the case study conducted, a measuring instrument verified which CI organic behaviors were noticed by employees. The resulting data from these measurements were analyzed through factorial and descriptive examination methods. The factorial analysis identifies the four most important factors (abilities) that boost the organization into CI practices. The most significant one is the Commitment to the CI, that represents 25.4% of impact in the factorial model that impersonates the CI, followed by: Encouragement of the CI process (17.5%), Understanding of the CI meaning (16.9%); and Analyzing the CI (13.9%). The descriptive analysis indicates that the ability less perceived by the interviewees is the Encouragement of the CI process, with a 66.3% perception, and that the most perceived one is the Commitment to the CI, with 78.6%.

Keywords: Continuous improvement, energy sector, skill, factorial analysis






Title: A Survey of Natural Occurring Radionuclides and Particle Concentrations from Erupting

Mount Bromo in East Java, Indonesia

Author(s): Johan A.E. Noor, Eko Pujadi


I

J

B

A

S

Abstract: Mount Bromo in East Java, Indonesia is erupting from 23 November 2010 and ejects ash with a maximum height

of 1,500 meter and throws lava as high as 50-300 meters from the crater. In any eruptions the presence of natural radioelements is evident with high concern to affect the human health living near the volcano. This survey was aimed to determine the levels of radiation from the volcanic ash. We measured radiation dose rate, soil gamma-ray concentration, soil heavy metals contents and dust/ash concentration at four spots along the volcano’s caldera located at the village of Cemorolawang, District of Probolinggo just 2 km east of the crater. It was revealed that the radiation exposure rate was 14-16 μR/hr and the concentrations of K-40, Ra-226 and Th-232 were 760.8±84.6 Bq/kg, 31.9±4.2 Bq/kg and 57.0±6.8 Bq/kg, respectively. We also found that the concentra-tion of the particulate (PM10) was 52.9±5.1 μg/m3.

Keywords: Mount Bromo, natural occurring radioactive materials, volcanic eruption, human health













Title: A Variation on Planarized QuasiPAS Model

Author(s): A.A. Bachtiar, D. Riminarsih


I

J

B

A

S

Abstract: Bachtiar (2009) and Bachtiar and James (BJ, 2012) proposed a new kinematic dynamo model called by Quasipas

model. Quasipas flow is a modification of Pekeris, Accad, and shkollar flow. They proposed this flow in their effort to find planar velocity dynamos. In this work, we revisited the fully planarized version of Quasipas model. Based on the results of Bachtiar (2009) and BJ (2012), we tried to increase the portion of planarized poloidal part of this flow. We suspected that planarized poloidal part plays an important role in improving the magnetic field’s rate. We found that the magnetic field’s rate of fully planarized Quasipas has improved, however we could not find any successful dynamo.

Keywords: Planar Velocity, Quasipas flow, planarized poloidal part











Title: Effect of polyester and filler on water absorption behaviour, density and porosity of

kenaf (Hibiscus canabinus) fibre reinforced brake pads

Author(s): Namessan, N.O., J.N. Maduako, S.A. Iya


I

J

B

A

S

Abstract: Asbestos fibre has been used as traditional base material in brake pads manufacture, but due to its health hazard,

non-renewability, cost, non-biodegradability and difficulty in processing, its replacement has been sought. For the purpose of improving their properties, the fibres were retted, bleached and modified using mercerization, acetylation and semi-carbonisation methods to obtain three modified fibres in addition to the crude fibre. The four fibre types (crude, mercerised, acetylated and semi-carbonised) were evaluated for moisture absorption, density and porosity. Brake pads were produced from each of the four fibre types (each 15 % by weight) using a randomised factorial experimental design (1x 3 x 3), where the concentrations of the polyester (15 %, 20 % and 25 % by weight ) and filler(70 %, 65 % and 60 % by weight) were used. These materials or ingredients were mixed at 600 rpm for 5 minutes and then hot pressed at 175 0C under a moulding pressure of 32.5 MPa, which was held for 1 minute. A total of 36 samples of kenaf brake pads were produced and evaluated. Comparison among treatment means using the least significance difference (LSD) showed that at 20 % of polyester, water absorption in crude, mercerized, acetylated and semi-carbonized samples was not significantly different when 65 % weight of filler changed to 60 % by weight but the water absorption was significantly different when polyester changed from 20 % to 25 %. Also, the performance evaluation results indicated that kenaf brake pads have high percentage of water absorption capacity, porosity and density with an average value of 0.067 g, 38 % and 2.984 g/cm3 respectively than all the samples investigated.

Keywords: Water absorption; density, porosity, kenaf brake pads
















Title: On Problem of the Solution for the temperature and magnetic field

Author(s): Nahed S.Hussien


I

J

B

A

S

Abstract: In this paper, we studied the temperature and the magnetic field distribution in the infinitely long, eccentric tube

carrying a steady, axial current and placed parallel to an infinite line current. Numerical example and graphs are presented for the temperature in the medium and for the magnetic field components in the region between the two cylinders is considered. The distance between the tube and the line current is let to vary and the results are discussed.. Numerical results are given and illustrated graphically.

Keywords: Magnetic field distribution, thermo elasticity






Title: On the Catastrophe model and Stability

Author(s): Mohammed Nokhas Murad


I

J

B

A

S

Abstract: In this paper, we have applied the method of averaging to obtain periodic solutions of some nonlinear differential

equation (NLDE). Then we have determined the averaging system to obtain the stability of periodic solution of NLDE. And the main result is the following proposition: The butterfly type catastrophe occurs in case of NLDE of fifth degree.

Keywords: Cusp catastrophe model, cusp type catastrophe, nonlinear differential equations, saddle-node bifurcation






Title: Physico-chemical Characterization of Lignocellulosic fibre from Ampelocissus cavicaulis

Author(s): Agu, C.V., Njoku, O. U., Chilaka, F.C., Okorie, S.A., Agbiogwu, D

Pages: 68-77 Journal: IJBAS/IJENS Paper ID:12-117505-03-2323-IJBAS-IJENS Published:10-06-2012 | Full Text (.pdf) | 288 KB

I

J

B

A

S

Abstract: Ampelocissus cavicaulis bast fibres were extracted from the young plant stems using water retting extraction

procedure, and the resulting fibres were uniform with almost circular cross-sections. Phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of residual tannins, alkaloids, steroids, glycosides, and proteins, with the absence of free reducing sugars and flavonoids. Further analysis revealed the quantity of tannins, alkaloids and steroids to be 0.01±0.002, 6.40±0.28 and 0.03±0.004%w/w respectively. Lipophilic and alcoholic extractives obtained using soxhlet technique with n-hexane / methanol as extracting solvents were found to be 1.96%w/w and 9.21%w/w respectively. Moisture and ash content were found to be 5.60± 0.071%w/w and 2.88±0.90%w/w respectively. Structural component on %w/w basis shows that cellulose is 38.66±1.15%, acid insoluble lignin 33.21±2.76%, hemicellulose 25.91±1.29%, acid soluble lignin 1.47±0.01%, and the acid soluble lignin derived product-vanillic, p-coumaric and ferulic acids were found to be 1.346±0.022%w/w, 0.034±0.02%w/w and 0%w/w respectively. Cellulose lignin ratio is 1.16. The physical and mechanical parameters of the fibre determined include diameter 0.9174mm, tensile strength 238.28MPa, percentage elongation 3.0 % and Young’s modulus 3971.33MPa. The results obtained show that A. cavicaulis lignocellulose bast fibre has comparable properties with other natural fibres and some synthetic fibres.

Keywords: Ampelocissus cavicaulis bast fibres, Lignocellulosic fibre

12-117505-03-2323-IJBAS-IJENS.pdf

12-117505-03-2323-IJBAS-IJENS.pdf

12-117505-03-2323-IJBAS-IJENS.pdf

12-117505-03-2323-IJBAS-IJENS.pdf

12-117505-03-2323-IJBAS-IJENS.pdf

12-117505-03-2323-IJBAS-IJENS.pdf

12-117505-03-2323-IJBAS-IJENS.pdf

12-117505-03-2323-IJBAS-IJENS.pdf

12-117505-03-2323-IJBAS-IJENS.pdf

12-117505-03-2323-IJBAS-IJENS.pdf

12-117505-03-2323-IJBAS-IJENS.pdf

12-117505-03-2323-IJBAS-IJENS.pdf

12-117505-03-2323-IJBAS-IJENS.pdf

12-117505-03-2323-IJBAS-IJENS.pdf


Title: Percolation Characteristics With Variations Of Rainfall Intensity, Soil Density And Soil

Gradation Test

Author(s): H.Arfan, M.S.Pallu, L.Samang, Imran


I

J

B

A

S

Abstract: Water volume quantity may overflow on the surface not only due to natural phenomena, but also because water

is less or no longer able to become absorbed into the soil and just flowed on the surface, flooding and damaging the region in its path. This study aims to analyze the influence of rainfall intensity variations and its relationships towards the percolation, which the observe rainfall intensity variations in this study are equal to 120 mm /hour, 275 mm /hour, and 450 mm/hour againts variations of soil density 40%, 60%, 80% for the original soil and soil with variations of sand content 0%, 25%, 50% in a normal type rain and torrential rain, with solum shallow soil depth (25 cm), without vegetation, and without slope. This study is done by measuring the intensity of rainfall using a rainfall simulator which was designed in such a way so it can obtain the rainfall intensity which is determined on soil samples that had been prepared in the test bucket with a thickness of 25 cm sample. The results showed that the highest percolation value is equal to 1.47 x 10-8 m3/sec for 120 mm/h of the rainfall intensity on 40% of soil density with 50% of sand content. The highest runoff values is equal to 3.75 x 10-8 m3 for 450 mm / h of rainfall intensity at 0% of soil density and 80% of sand content.

Keywords: The intensity of rainfall, soil density, infiltration, surface runoff







Volume 12 Issue 03 June 2012 ISSN: 2077-1231 (Online) 2227-2739 (Print) Impact Factor: 0.4444 International Journal of Electrical & Computer Sciences IJECS International Journals of Engineering & Sciences IJENS for list of Papers

I

J

E

C

S

IJECS

Volume 12 Issue 03 June 2012 ISSN: 2077-1231 (Online) 2227-2739 (Print) International Journal of Electrical & Computer Sciences IJECS International Journals of Engineering & Sciences IJENS IJENS Vol 12 Issue 03 (June 2012)

Title: Laboratory Investigation on Hydrophobicity of New Silicon Rubber Insulator under

Different Environmental Conditions

Author(s): Muhammad Tariq Nazir, Jiang Xingliang, Shakeel Akram

Pages: 01-08 Journal: IJECS/IJENS Paper ID: 121003-4848-IJECS-IJENS Published: 10-06-2012 | Full Text (.pdf) | 2646 KB

I

J

E

C

S

Abstract: In order to find out the hydrophobicity loss while soaking in distilled water, hydrophobicity recovery after

soaking, hydrophobicity transfer through different contaminations, hydrophobicity loss under icing and hydrophobicity recovery through contaminated iced new silicon rubber surfaces based on hydrophobicity loss, recovery and transference property of silicon rubber, laboratory studies were carried out. The hydrophobic characteristics were studied by STRI hydrophobicity classification guide and measuring the static contact angle along the silicon rubber surface. The experimental results showed that hydrophobicity loss rate is much slower while soaking new SIR in distilled water as compared to recovery at different temperatures. It is found that the new silicon rubber material surface cannot lost its hydrophobicity completely even soaking for eight days at room temperature but, recovered it completely with different rates at different ambient temperature variations. Hydrophobicity transfer rate through pollution layer at different contaminations under different temperatures is also discussed. Therefore, for this purpose hydrophobicity transference through four different contaminations under different temperatures were carried out artificially in laboratory. In the last part of this paper hydrophobicity loss under icing condition and hydrophobicity recovery through icing surfaces under different conditions at different environmental temperatures, humidity and wind speeds are considered.

Keywords: Silicone rubber, hydrophobicity, static contact angle, pollution, icing

121003-4848-IJECS-IJENS.pdf









Title: Digital Simulation of the Generalized Unified Power Flow Controller System with 60-

Pulse GTO-Based Voltage Source Converter

Author(s): Rakhmad Syafutra Lubis


I

J

E

C

S

Abstract: The Generalized Unified Power Flow Controller (GUPFC) is a Voltage Source Converter (VSC) based Flexible AC

Transmission System (FACTS) controller for shunt and series compensation among the multiline transmission systems of a substation. The paper proposes a full model comprising of 60-pulse Gate Turn-Off thyristor VSC that is constructed becomes the GUPFC in digital simulation system and investigates the dynamic operation of control scheme for shunt and two series VSC for active and reactive power compensation and voltage stabilization of the electric grid network. The complete digital simulation of the shunt VSC operating as a Static Synchronous Compensator (STATCOM) controlling voltage at bus and two series VSC operating as a Static Synchronous Series Capacitor (SSSC) controlling injected voltage, while keeping injected voltage in quadrature with current within the power system is performed in the MATLAB/Simulink environment using the Power System Blockset (PSB). The GUPFC, control system scheme and the electric grid network are modeled by specific electric blocks from the power system block set. The controllers for the shunt VSC and two series VSCs are presented in this paper based on the decoupled current control strategy. The performance of GUPFC scheme connected to the 500-kV grid is evaluated. The proposed GUPFC controller scheme is fully validated by digital simulation.

Keywords: 60-pulse GTO thyristor model VSC, UPFC, GUPFC, active and reactive compensation, voltage stability










Title: Mobility Prediction Using Pattern Matching

Author(s): Mohammad Al-Hattab, Maen Takruri and Johnson Agbinya


I

J

E

C

S

Abstract: Real time applications impose strict timing constraints on the delivery of data. To fulfill this requirement in

mobile ad hoc networks in which the topology changes frequently, these changes should not affect the Quality of Service (QoS) for data delivery and route updates. The prediction of the mobility of nodes in mobile ad hoc networks becomes a key solution for the delivery of data in real time applications; it enables the reconstruction of the routes just prior to the change of the topology which ensures a smooth and efficient data delivery that satisfies the real time constraints. In this paper we present a mobility prediction scheme for mobile ad hoc networks using the past movements of the nodes and correlation analysis. Real data was simulated using MatLab to validate the proposed scheme.

Keywords: Cross correlation, pattern matching, topology prediction






Title: Effect Of The Interleaver Types On The Performance Of The Parallel Concatenation

Convolutional Codes

Author(s): Yahya Jasim Harbi


I

J

E

C

S

Abstract: In this paper, we study the performance of turbo codes with different types of interleaver. Various issues related

to the code performance are investigated. These include the effect of the interleaver length, the interaction between the interleaver and the number of decoding iterations, and the effect of interchanging the interleaver between input and output. Simulation results show that some types of the interleavers can be very competitive to random interleaver for different frame lengths.

Keywords: Interleavers, PCCCs, Frame size, Iterative decoding, Bit error rate












Title: Behavior of DFIG Wind Turbines with Crowbar Protection under Short Circuit

Author(s): Omar Noureldeen


I

J

E

C

S

Abstract: Doubly Fed Induction Generators DFIG are nowadays widely used in variable speed wind power plants. The

dynamic interaction between variable speed DFIG wind turbines and the power system which is subjected to disturbances, such as short circuit faults, is an important issue. The ability of the wind power plant to stay connected to the grid during disturbances is important to avoid a cascading effect due to lack of power. This paper investigates the impact of fault ride through on the stability of DFIG wind turbine using crowbar resistance. Simulation test using MATLAB-Simulink toolbox is implemented on a 9 MW wind farm exports its power to 120 KV grid. The simulation is performed using different crowbar resistances. The variations of rotor current, rotor speed, DC-link voltage, active power and reactive power of the wind farm are investigated.

Keywords: DFIG, Crowbar Resistance, Rotor Current, Active Power, Reactive Power, Short Circuit






Title: Selection of Suitable Location of the FACTS Devices for Optimal Power Flow

Author(s): Rakhmad Syafutra Lubis, Sasongko Pramono Hadi and Tumiran


I

J

E

C

S

Abstract: The flexible AC transmission system (FACTS) in a power system plays a vital role in improving the power system

performance, both the static and dynamic, where improving the stability, reducing the losses and the cost of generation, also enhancing the system loading capability with rerouting the power flow in the network. In order to reach the above goals, these devices must be located optimally. In the proposed work, the sensitivity of system loading factor, corresponding to the real and reactive power balance equations with respect to the control parameters of FACTS, technique plus N-1 contingency criterion with some considerations that fitting with formation of the network are used to consider the location and type of the devices. Furthermore the optimal location and parameter are tested and found with the nonlinear predictor-corrector primal-dual interior-point optimal power flow (OPF) algorithm. The simulation was performed on the IEEE 30-bus, 57-bus and 118-bus power systems for steady-state studies and considering eigenvalue after addition the dynamic component. The optimization results indicate that introduction of FACTS devices in a right location increases the loadability or decreases the losses of the system where the sensitivity of system loading factor and N-1 contingency criterion can be effectively used for the selection of FACTS location.

Keywords: FACTS, Optimal Power Flow, Interior-Point Method, Sensitivity of system loading factor, N-1 contingency

criterion






Title: Space Charge Characteristics of LDPE/MMT Nano-Composite Insulation Material under

different Fields and Temperatures

Author(s): Shakeel Akram, Liao Ruijin, Muhammad Tariq Nazir, Lijun Yang, Baige


I

J

E

C

S

Abstract: Low-density polyethylene (LDPE) is one of the types of solid polymers and has been used as insulating material of

electrical power cables. When a voltage is applied on LDPE, space charges appear and accumulate. However, the electric field distribution in the sample could be distorted by the accumulation of space charge. The uneven distribution of electric field due to space charge usually results in the electric breakdown of LDPE power cables. Therefore, it is important to understand the mechanism and accumulation of space charges in LDPE power cables and to explore the means of elimination. An improvement in LDPE using Nano-fillers may be one of the ways to overcome this problem. If the Nano-fillers could suppress the accumulation of space charges or improve the migration of space charges in LDPE, the electric breakdown from space charges will be decreased to some extent and due to its high resistivity under high dc stress this material is expected to be used as insulation material in HVDC underground power cables in future. For this purpose a series of measurements with 1% content of MMT and pure LDPE have been taken using PEA technique at different temperatures and electric field. The results showed that temperature, electric field and Nano-filler has great influence on the performance of insulation material.

Keywords: Space charge, LDPE/MMT Nano-Composite, Pulsed electro-acoustic (PEA), Electric Field, Temperature










Title: Algorithm for developing Urdu Probabilistic Parser

Author(s): Neelam Mukhtar, Mohammad Abid Khan and Fatima Tuz Zuhra


I

J

E

C

S

Abstract: Any decision error in greedy search procedure results in a wrong parse. Best-first strategy is complicated. The

novel algorithm developed in this work is based on multi-path shift reduce-strategy. In this algorithm, if the input matches with more than one clause on the right hand side of a rule in Urdu probabilistic context free grammar the items on the old stack are copied to a new processing stack and subsequently reduce operation is performed. A number of stacks can be created whenever required. The probabilities of the rules can be added for each path. Parse tree with the highest probability is selected as the correct solution. Dry run of the main algorithm shows the superiority of this algorithm over its previous counter parts.

Keywords: Urdu Parser, Probabilistic Parser






Title: Management of Traffic Accidents Using Web Services

Author(s): Fadi F. Fouz, Mohammad O. Afandi


I

J

E

C

S

Abstract: In this paper, a traffic accident management system based on web services is proposed and developed. Web

services are used to integrate a number of subsystems and databases. The subsystems include incidents management system, patrol vehicles tracking system, Google maps API, police data center and accidents reconstruction system. The proposed model of integration is a composition of object, aspect and service orientation paradigms. Although the subsystems have heterogeneity in database, data structures, functions, and resources, the integration based on the proposed model succeeded to pass most of the heterogeneity problems.

Keywords: Web services, Data integration, Systems Integration, XML






Title: Dynamic Simulation of the Generalized Unified Power Flow Controller in Multi-Machine

Power Systems

Author(s): Rakhmad Syafutra Lubis, Sasongko Pramono Hadi, Tumiran


I

J

E

C

S

Abstract: The latest generation of flexible AC transmission system (FACTS) devices, the convertible static compensator

(CSC), is the progress of several innovative operating concepts in the historic development and application of FACTS. One of the concepts modelling is the generalized unified power flow controller (GUPFC) have been done, which can control bus voltage and power flows of more than one line or according to even a sub-network. In this paper it derived to pile up a novel nonlinear dynamic simulation of the GUPFC consisting of one shunt converter and two series converters based on voltage source converter (VSCs) and DC link capacitor installed in a substation in a multi-machine power system. The linearised Phillips-Heffron model of the system is introduced with Hammons and Winning model is derived to study oscillation stability. The dynamic simulation of the GUPFC is arranged with a simulation program in Matlab programming language, where the two case study of the four machine twelve bus and three machines fifty seven bus power systems was simulated and presented to investigate the impact of the GUPFC control function on power system oscillation damping and to proof the simulation program reliability. It is found that the basic control function of the GUPFC, the voltage control of the DC link capacitor, interacts negatively with the power system, thus damaging system oscillation stability. In order to counteract the negative interaction measuring is done by either adjusting or equipping the GUPFC with a power oscillation damping (POD), without installing the power system stabilizer (PSS) on each machines are tested. The results demonstrate that a satisfactory damping of power system oscillations can be achieved. It is seen that the GUPFC dynamic simulation can be applied and better than the unified power flow controller (UPFC) for a large scale system as the multi-line control.

Keywords: FACTS, GUPFC, non-linear dynamic simulation program, linearised Phillips-Heffron model, Hammons and

Winning model









Title: Modulation Methods Employed In Digital Communication: An Analysis

Author(s): Adeleke, Oluseye A. and Abolade, Robert O.


I

J

E

C

S

Abstract: The concept of modulation is a key factor in communication, because without an appropriate modulation method

or scheme, getting an expected throughput in such a communication effort would be impossible to achieve. Communication engineers and researchers have not relented in trying to find the best modulation methods solution aimed at achieving an expected throughput, bandwidth/power efficiency, low error performance, etc in digital communication networks. Digital modulation is preferred to the analogue modulation due to their error-free capability.Moreso, this choice of digital modulation is dependent on the type of communication network that is to be established. However, trade-offs must be made between the bandwidth efficiency, power efficiency and the cost of implementation of such a network. This paper focuses onsome methods usually employed in the process of modulation in digital communication networks. Specifically, binary phase shift keying, quadrature phase shift keying, eight phase shift keying and sixteen phase shift keying are investigated, using the matrix laboratory (MATLAB) software as the simulation tool in which the bit error rate (BER), symbol error rate (SER), spectral efficiency and power efficiency are comparatively analysed.Findings show that lower end phase shift keying schemes can be used for purposes that involve low error performance and minimum power but low bandwidth efficient while the higher schemes suit purposes that require higher bandwidth efficiency but are low power efficient.

Keywords: Modulation, Power efficiency, Noise Immunity, Phase Shift Keying, Spectral Efficiency, Bandwidth Efficiency






ISSN: 2077-124X (Online) 2227-2771 (Print) Impact Factor: 0.6666 Volume 12 Issue 03 June 2012 International Journal of Mechanical & Mechatronics Engineering IJMME International Journals of Engineering & Sciences IJENS for list of Papers

I

J

M

M

E

IJMME

Title: The Cooling Rate Effect on the Buckling Strength and Elastic Properties of Heated

Martensitic Stainless Steel Columns

Author(s): Ali Sadiq Yasir

Pages: 01-07 Journal: IJMME/IJENS Paper ID: 122203-4747-IJMME-IJENS Published: 10-06-2012| Full Text (.pdf) | 488 KB

I

J

M

M

E

Volume 12 Issue 03 June 2012 ISSN: 2077-124X (Online) 2227-2771 (Print) International Journal of Mechanical & Mechatronics Engineering IJMME International Journals of Engineering & Sciences IJENS IJENS Vol 12 Issue 03 (June 2012)

Abstract: The buckling strength of slender columns its important property especially for columns that subjected to axial

compressive forces. In this paper, we study the effect of cooling rate after heating over (Ac3) for martensitic stainless steel columns on the buckling strength and elastic properties for different type of fixing for column. The results show that the best buckling strength occurs when using very slow cooling rate (inside furnace), that the buckling strength increased about (31%) and elastic modulus increased about (25%) because the slow cooling increase the formation of pearlitetic microstructure that had high strength and good elastic properties . The very fast cooling rate (in salt water) decreased the buckling strength about (46%) and elastic modulus about (51%) because the fast cooling rate increase the formation of martensitic microstructure that had high hardness and low buckling strength and low elastic properties.

Keywords: Buckling strength, elastic modulus, martensitic stainless steel, cooling rate

122203-4747-IJMME-IJENS.pdf







Title: Modeling of the impact on cylindrical composite shell as continuous patch loading

Author(s): Farzin Firouzabadi, Amran Ayob, M.R.Arjmandi, Soheil Gohari, Nayeleh Deirram

Pages: 08-13 Journal: IJMME/IJENS Paper ID:1210003-7575-IJMME-IJENS Published:10-06-2012| Full Text (.pdf) | 185 KB

I

J

M

M

E


Abstract: Due to great properties, Composite materials are utilized in many applications in advance and accurate industries

such as aerospace and fuel vessel structures. In contrast with all of the composite advantages, susceptibility of these materials to impact damage became a major concern recently. The aim of this research is to study the dynamic response of the composite cylindrical shell subjected to impact by modeling the impact loading as a continuous patch loading on the contact surface of cylinder. Radial deflection of the cylinder as of the most important parameter in dynamic response has been studied in this research using analytical approach and FEM method. In analytical approach proper governing equations are derived and represented in Matlab. In the second approach we used finite element analysis and ABAQUS software to determine the accuracy of the results obtained analytically. The present study concludes that, amount of the radial deformation of cylinder is at its highest value in contact point and it will decrease gradually by getting far away from impact point on circumferential path on the cylinder surface.

Keywords: Cylindrical Composite shell, Finite element analysis, Impact, Radial Deflection





Title: Industrial Benchmarking: A Critical Research and Practices in Automotive Manufacturing

Unit

Author(s): Mohammad Israr, Anshul Gangele

Pages: 14-26 Journal: IJMME/IJENS Paper ID:1210503-1919-IJMME-IJENS Published:10-06-2012| Full Text (.pdf) | 116 KB

I

J

M

M

E


Abstract: This paper is based on a survey conducted on top management’s awareness and understanding of benchmarking

in Indian automotive manufacturing companies. The main objective of this paper is to provide empirical evidence on top management’s awareness and understanding of the benchmarking technique and its role towards business survival and competitiveness. To achieve this objective, the authors developed a questionnaire comprising of fifthteen questions, checked for reliability and validity by experts and practitioners. The survey results and findings revealed that almost 17% are in the very good category, about 55% of the respondents companies are still in the moderate category, nearly 22% are in the low category and 6% have very little understanding and knowledge as regards to benchmarking. In summary, the survey analysis showed large majority of the Indian companies involves in the automotive manufacturing sector still experiencing lack of knowledge as regards to the benchmarking concept and its role towards enhancing their business process effectiveness and competitiveness. The paper culminates with discussions and conclusions, focusing on recommending the steps that should be taken by the Indian government through its agencies such India Productivity Corporation (IPC) and Small & Medium Industry Development Corporation (SMIDEC) in encouraging more companies to use the benchmarking A Survey on Benchmarking Understanding and Knowledge Among Indian Automotive Components Manufacturing SMEs 386 technique in their pursuit to survive and be more competitive in the local, regional and global market.

Keywords: Benchmarking, competitiveness, survey, performance, survival, customer satisfaction







ISSN: 2077-1258 (Online) 2227-2763 (Print) Impact Factor: 0.4883 Volume 12 Issue 03 June 2012 International Journal of Civil & Environmental Engineering IJCEE International Journals of Engineering & Sciences IJENS for list of Papers

I

J

C

E

E

IJCEE

Volume 12 Issue 03 June 2012 ISSN: 2077-1258 (Online) 2227-2763 (Print) International Journal of Civil & Environmental Engineering IJCEE International Journals of Engineering & Sciences IJENS IJENS Vol 12 Issue 03 (June 2012)

Title: Dam Construction Impacts on Stream Flow and Nutrient Transport in Kase River Basin

Author(s): Cindy SUPIT, Koichiro OHGUSHI

Pages: 01-05 Journal: IJCEE/IJENS Paper ID: 120103-9797-IJCEE-IJENS Published:10-06-2012| Full Text (.pdf) |399 KB

I

J

C

E

E

Abstract: Kase River Basin in Saga Prefecture is one of the most important rice production bases in Kyushu Island, Japan. A

new multi-purpose Kase River Dam has been constructed just downstream of another old agricultural dam, Hokuzan dam in Saga Prefecture, Japan. Forest and agricultural areas have been changed from artificial coniferous forest and rice field to water area. This study is to evaluate the future potential impacts of dam construction on stream nutrient transport for a 197.735 km2 mountains dam watershed in Kase River basin using SWAT (Soil and Water Assessment Tool) model. The SWAT model was calibrated and validated using 2 years (2008-2009) daily stream flow data with the coefficient correlation = 0.86 and Nash-Sutcliffe index = 0.84. To describe effects on hydrological process from operating dams, various scenarios were examined, using the calibrated model. The set of scenarios tested the impact of the existence or nonexistence of dam reservoirs in the watersheds. The result of this study indicates that excessive dams in Kase River basin has changed dramatically the stream flow regimes by a decrease of monthly stream flow rates in the watershed up to 29.3% from the disappeared dam scenario. Impoundments have less efficient on stream nutrient transport, based on results at Furuyu point. The future change of monthly stream and nutrient transport gave us the clue to be suggested for future adjustment of dam operation rule to optimize water resources and pollution control in Kase River basin.

Keywords: Dam construction, Stream flow, Nutrient transport, Kase River Basin

120103-9797-IJCEE-IJENS.pdf








Title: Effective Moment of Inertia Approach for Predicting Deflection of Concrete Beams

Reinforced with Twisted Bamboo Cables

Author(s): Akmaluddin, Pathurahman


I

J

C

E

E

Abstract: This work investigated the deflection of 9 beams that were reinforced with twisted bamboo cables. The beams

were simply supported and tested under two symmetrical points load monotonically. The beams with three different amount of bamboo reinforcement were considered. The beam section was 150x250 mm and clear span of 2750 mm. Cracking moment and crack moment of inertia values were affected significantly by the presence of bamboo reinforcement in the beam. Experimental results showed that cracking moment varies from 0.3 to 0.7 of ultimate moment. Ratio of experimental to theoretical cracking moment varies ranging from 0.90 to 1.42. A modified form of cracking moment of inertia was proposed. Thus an effective moment of inertia used for predicting deflection of bamboo reinforced beam was introduced. The model produced in this study gave better prediction than that of both the existing model and ACI equation in terms of reinforcement ratio between 0.72 % and 1.88 %.

Keywords: Effective moment of inertia, reinforced concrete, beam, bamboo, deflection







Title: Tensile Strength of Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement

Author(s): H.Y Katman, M.R Ibrahim, M.Y Matori, S. Norhisham, N. Ismail, R. Che Omar


I

J

C

E

E

Abstract: This paper compares the performance of the reclaim asphalt pavement (RAP) mixes prepared with the foamed

bitumen. Four different percentages of foamed bitumen namely 1%, 2%, 3% and 4% were used in preparation of the mixes. Mixes prepared with 50% RAP and 50% crusher run (Mix B) were compared with mixes prepared with 100% crusher run (Mix A) which performed as a control sample. Performance of the mixes based on indirect tensile strength test (ITS) in different conditions namely cured at 40oC for 72 hours and soaked for 24 hours at 25oC was evaluated. The test results indicated that incorporating RAP to the mixes shows insignificant difference in ITS value but also increase the resistance to moisture damage. However ITS value is significantly affected by the foamed bitumen content which 2% of foamed bitumen results in optimum ITS.

Keywords: Reclaimed asphalt pavement, Foamed bitumen, Indirect tensile strength, Tensile strength retained






Title: Metal Ions Removal From Synthetic Solutions and Produced Water Using Activated

Zeolite

Author(s): Maria do Rosário T. de Abreu, Francisco Cláudio de F. Barros, Giselle S. C. Raulino, Cícero P. Moura, Ronaldo F. do

Nascimento


I

J

C

E

E

Abstract: In this study synthetic zeolite 4A was used for metal ions removal from synthetic aqueous solutions and produced

water samples of oil platforms in Ceará state-Brazil. The pH effect on the metal ions removal using zeolite 4A was investigated for 1.0, 5.0 and 7.0 values. Experimental data obtained with synthetic solutions showed that at a pH 1.0 value strontium and potassium ions are removed almost 100% and 90% respectively, while for other metal ions the removal was around 60%. In contrast, the metal ions removal from producer water on the zeolite was lower due to presence of several matrix effects.

Keywords: Produced Water, Wastewater treatment; Adsorption; Zeolites







Title: Re-Reading of Public Life and Urban-Architecture in Ayvalik Through Nets of Water

Author(s): M.Cetin, S.Doyduk


I

J

C

E

E

Abstract: The urban fabric of Ayvalik, which has a unique Aegean identity, displays one of the rare examples of water-town

relationship in Turkey. The urban history of Ayvalik, like many other waterfront towns, is associated with the story of water, i.e. Aegean Sea. The local culture, which is based on water in Ayvalık, has also been the major determinant of social life. The physical reflection of this social fabric is easily read on the urban structure as well as in the waterworks. This whole can enable us to follow the traces of a morphological formation, which is a reminiscent of a “net” constituted by waterworks. Today, a gap can be observed in the relationship between Ayvalik and water. This relationship has been limited to the waterfront level by the impact of tourism. The vehicular road lying along the coast and the serving buildings, which altogether exhibits a wall effect, seem to have caused the nodes of above-mentioned network, in other words, the points where waterfront is connected to the water elements within the city, to break up from each other. However, the path lying along the coast has always been a coastal line emphasizing the connection rather than being an obstacle. Identifying the connection between coastal water and inner water elements, their clarification and revitalisation in daily life could be a preliminary step in the renewal of urban and water culture in the town. Should such a network and its nodes could be re-interpreted in connection with the historical, urban and architectural characteristics; it would contribute to the unique urban tissue. Such a re-interpretation should focus on the concept of “net” and its “nodes”, which can be accepted as a metaphor to complete the urban tissue. In this study, the waterworks, which act as the generators of urban regeneration proposal are analysed with specific reference to Ayazma building. The contribution of these buildings to physical and social stock, their location within the projected network, and their physical relationship with each other are scrutinised. Nets of building, life and water are reconciled with the proposed scheme in Ayvalik.

Keywords: Water-town relationship, metaphor of water-net













Title: Determining Additional Modulus of Subgrade Reaction Based on Tolerable Settlement

for The Nailed-slab System Resting on Soft Clay

Author(s): Anas Puri, Hary Christady Hardiyatmo, Bambang Suhendro, Ahmad Rifa’i


I

J

C

E

E

Abstract: Nailed-slab System is a proposed alternative solution for rigid pavement problem on soft soils. Equivalent

modulus of subgrade reaction (k’) can be used in designing of nailed-slab system. This modular is the cumulative of modulus of subgrade reaction from plate load test (k) and additional modulus of subgrade reaction due to pile installing (∆k). A recent method has used reduction of pile resistance approach in determining ∆k. The relative displacement between pile and soils, and reduction of pile resistance has been identified. In fact, determining of reduction of pile resistance is difficult. This paper proposes an approach by considering tolerable settlement of rigid pavement. Validation is carried out with respect to a loading test of nailed-slab models. The models are presented as strip section of rigid pavement. The theory of beams on elastic foundation is used to calculate the slab deflection by using k’. Proposed approach can results in deflection prediction close to observed one. In practice, the Nailed-slab System would be constructed by multiple-row piles. Designing this system based on one-pile row analysis will give more safety design and will consume less time.

Keywords: Soft clay, Nailed-slab System, friction pile, tolerable settlement, modulus of subgrade reaction












Title: The effects of Gas Emission Steam Power Plant On The Surrounding Residential Area

Author(s): A.M.Arif Bijaksana, , M.Sjahrul, Nadjamuddin Harun,Rudy Djamaluddin


I

J

C

E

E

Abstract: One of the major users of fuels is a Steam Power Plant (PLTU) as a provider of electricity to the primary needs of

people living in the city/county in Indonesia. Energy sector, especially the activities of burning fossil fuels (petroleum) is the largest contributor to greenhouse gas emmisions. The analysis used to assess the effect of power plat emmisions (PLTU) of the housing surrounding the model dispersion (spread) gas in the air (Screen View) is a mathematical simulation to calculate the spread of gas emissions in the air around the power plant. It is made by computer programs that generated mathematical equations and algorithms which simulated the spread of pollutants. And perceptions with statistical analysis.The results on PLTU Tonasa II Pangkajene Regency the dispersion of gas emissions (S02, CO, C02, N02, TSP) spread from the source after 60 minuts with concentration 0,0054 µg/m3) at the average distance 1158 m, with dimensions (average) plume is x = 61,65 m, y = 70,59, and z = 41,32 m, which is formed in the direction of the wind. And the results of people's perceptions aspect of human basic needs about PLTU Tonasa II have affected and unaffected. Similary the standarts aspects of a healthy home.

Keywords: Effect, flue gas, the concentration and dispersion emissions






Title: Finite Element Modeling of Brick-Mortar Interface Stresses

Author(s): T.C. Nwofor


I

J

C

E

E

Abstract: The splitting failure of brickwork under compressive loads has in general been associated with the transverse

strain of the mortar joint due to the difference in the elastic properties of the brick and mortar. While the load causing failure is compressive, the stresses initiating it would appear to be tensile. The magnitude of such tensile stresses in this research was seen to depend on the elastic properties such as modulus of elasticity (E) and poisson’s ratio (n) of the two materials concerned. Thus by carrying out an elastic analysis of the brick-mortar couplet and taking into account the different elastic properties of the brick and mortar elements, a relationship between the interface tensile stress and elastic properties was obtained. This relationship shows the controlling influence of brick-mortar elastic properties on the splitting failure of brickwork.

Keywords: Finite element method, masonry, brick-mortar couplet and interface stresses








Title: Optimization of Land Use and Allocation to Ensure Sustainable Agriculture in the

Catchment Area of Lake Tondano, Minahasa, North Sulawesi, Indonesia

Author(s): Hengki D. Walangitan, Budi Setiawan, Bambang Tri Raharjo, Bobby Polii


I

J

C

E

E

Abstract: Preservation of lake’s ecosystem and increasing productivity of dry land of Lake Tondano is a form of socio-

economic and ecological conflict in the use of land resources associated with sedimentation rate control of Lake Tondano due to erosion of the lake in one side and farmer income and agricultural employment in the other side. Therefore, a solution is needed to ensure optimal use of land for sustainable agriculture. Within this conceptual framework, we conducted a study aiming to analyze the optimal allocation of land use type in order to ensure sustainable agriculture in the catchment of the lake Tondano The soil erosion was evaluated using USLE model. The farming analysis was carried out to evaluate agricultural income and employment. The analysis on optimal land use type allocation was performed using goal programming. The result showed that the optimal land use type allocation with erosion control priority could be achieved in all scenarios, whereas the maximum employment target could not be achieved in all priority scenarios. The priority on achievement of farming income to support the needs of decent living for farmers and farm workers could be attained by using forest land for plantation of non-timber crops such as palm trees to produce sugar and local alcoholic beverage, which contributed significantly in increasing the income, employment, and acceptable erosion level of the catchment area.

Keywords: Sustainable agriculture, goal programming, optimal land use allocation, priority scenarios











Title: Container Stacking Yard Optimum Utilization Analysis of Operator and User Orientation

(Case Study PT. Pelabuhan Indonesia IV)

Author(s): Misliah, Lawalenna Samang, Rahardjo Adisasmita, Ganding Sitepu


I

J

C

E

E

Abstract: Stacking yard is one of seaport’s main facilities to store containers and to prevent from ship’s delay risk which

affects in decreasing of loading and discharging productivity and increasing of ships and cargoes time in seaport. One of the indicators used for Port development plan is by using stacking yard utilization level (YOR). PT (Persero) Pelindo IV manages 19 seaports in Indonesia East Region which serve 10 provinces such as 5 provinces in Sulawesi, one province in east of Kalimantan, and 4 provinces in Maluku and Papua Island. Total area for those provinces are 865.284 km2, equal with 45.76% from Indonesia total area or almost half of total area of Indonesia. During 1999-2010, containers’ traffic rate of PT (Persero) Pelindo IV has increased 15,61% per year (average). During period 2000-2010 general cargo type is decreased from 33.9% in 2000 became 7.16% in 2010, as for container type is increased from 11.18% in 2000 became 41.91% in 2010. The purpose of this research is to analyze optimum stacking yard’s level of utilization based on operator and user. This research carries out optimization methods by minimizing total cost expenses for operator and user. The result of this research shows that the average of stacking yard’s level of utilization in 2010 is 58%, while the average of optimum stacking yard level of utilization is 85%.

Keywords: Stacking yard, level of utilization, optimum










Title: Corrosion of API X70 Steel Due to Near Shore Sediment

Author(s): A.M.A.Budiea, N. Yahaya, N. M. Nor


I

J

C

E

E

Abstract: Pipelines those have been buried under seabed sediment are at risk of corrosion due to the corrosiveness of this

particular environment. Hereby, corrosion experimental study has been conducted to highlight the importance of near shore sediment as an aggressive environment towards steel structures. Coupons made from API X70 steel of actual pipe have been considered to calculate the corrosion rate by means of weight lost determination at both near shore and offshore areas. The results show that the corrosion rates of coupons buried at near shore area were higher than corrosion rates at offshore. Convincingly, near shore environment has shown a significant influence on corrosion rates of steel pipelines.

Keywords: API X70 Steel; Corrosion; Near Shore Sediment; Weight Loss Coupons






Title: Travel Demand Model for a Typical Nigeria University

Author(s): Abiola, O. S; Ayodeji, J. D

Pages: 89-99 Journal: IJCEE/IJENS Paper ID: 125602-03-2929-IJCEE-IJENS Published:10-06-2012| Full Text (.pdf) |76 KB

I

J

C

E

E

Abstract: University campuses have unique transportation requirement that may be characterized with a high

concentration of trips during multiple peaks periods. These campuses are often of the largest employers in small to medium size cities. It is therefore critical to examine the factors that are significant to campus travel demand models. One of the major roles of transportation modeling is to forecast travel demand based on changes in the transportation system. The models are used to predict changes in travel and utilization of the transportation system in response to changes in land-use, demographics and socio-economic conditions. This paper presents the result of a research on developing travel demand model for a typical Nigeria University using Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta as a case study. Models based on Multinomial logit (MNL) were used to model both the number of trips and the choice of mode to campus. The results showed that 52% of student population makes a single trip per day and about 40% make two trips per day. Moreover, 54% of the student lives very close to campus which is comparable with North Dakota University student with 52.6% living within 3.2km of the campus. The model showed that cost to school, location, income and number of stop trips were the significant variables for the number of trips made by the student. The MNL model for mode choice to campus showed that location, waiting time at bus stop, number of trips, cost to school and time to bus stop are the significant variables. This research can be used for transportation planning and policy decision.

Keywords: Student, trips, cost to school, model, travel mode, location

125602-03-2929-IJCEE-IJENS.pdf





ISSN: 2077-1207 (Online) 2227-2755 (Print) Impact Factor: 0.4571 Volume 12 Issue 03 June 2012 International Journal of Video & Image Processing and Network Security IJVIPNS International Journals of Engineering & Sciences IJENS for list of Papers

I

J

V

I

P

N

S

IJVIPNS

Volume 12 Issue 03 June 2012 ISSN: 2077-1207 (Online) 2227-2755 (Print) International Journal of Video & Image Processing and Network Security IJVIPNS International Journals of Engineering & Sciences IJENS IJENS Vol 12 Issue 03 (June 2012)

Title: Wu-Lee Steganographic Algorithm on Binary Images Processed in Parallel

Author(s): Silvana GRECA, Edlira MARTIRI

Pages: 01-04 Journal: IJVIPNS/IJENS Paper ID:127703-6363-IJVIPNS-IJENS Published:10-06-2012| Full Text (.pdf) |177 KB

I

J

V

I

P

N

S

Abstract: Data security is nowadays one of the most active fields of study in Informatics and Computer Science. Author

right for intellectual property is a real challenge, especially when information is processed and transmitted. One of the electronic forms of digital data is images. They are widely used in organizations, research institutions, and in environments where high resolution is needed. Here we come across to another kind of processing: parallelism. Information hiding and watermarking techniques are essential in addressing the problem of author copyright. This is done by means of steganographic algorithms. The aim of this paper is to analyze and present those steganographic algorithms which can be parallelized to a coarse-grain size. We will consider one typical steganographic algorithms for binary images, Wu-Lee and will analyze the parallelization of this algorithm.

Keywords: Steganography, Wu-Lee method, binary image, parallel processing

127703-6363-IJVIPNS-IJENS.pdf










Title: A Computer Vision Approach for Reducing Energy Losses

Author(s): Ahmad Khan, Muhammad Uzair

Pages: 05-07 Journal: IJVIPNS/IJENS Paper ID: 122003-7474-IJVIPNS-IJENS Published:10-06-2012| Full Text (.pdf) | 70 KB

I

J

V

I

P

N

S

Abstract: Saving electrical energy is one of the major requisites of the countries around the world, especially third world

countries. In this paper we present a computer vision system for reducing electrical energy waste. The system senses the environment using computer vision and turns-off electrical appliances when they run needlessly. The absence of people is determined by detecting and tracking people in places like offices, classrooms or halls. To increase accuracy, the concept of data fusion is employed. Simple electronics sensors are used to cope with situations where only camera decision is not sufficient. We have tested our system in university campus and in the absence of people, it is capable of intelligently turning off electrical appliances to avoid waste of electrical energy: resulting in energy saving.

Keywords: Electrical Energy, Energy Losses






Title: Adaptation of Spiking Neural Networks for Image Clustering

Author(s): Chinki Chandhok, Soni Chaturvedi

Pages: 08-13 Journal: IJVIPNS/IJENS Paper ID: 122503-8484-IJVIPNS-IJENS Published:10-06-2012| Full Text (.pdf) | 189 KB

I

J

V

I

P

N

S

Abstract: A Biological Neural Network or simply BNN is an artificial abstract model of different parts of the brain or nervous

system, featuring essential properties of these systems using biologically realistic models. The process of segmenting images is one of the most critical ones in automatic image analysis whose goal can be regarded as to find what objects are presented in images. This paper depicts the image processing algorithms that treat the problem of image segmentation. Spiking Neuron Networks (SNNs) are often referred to as the 3rd generation of neural networks which have potential to solve problems related to biological stimuli. Spiking neural networks (SNNs) exhibit interesting properties that make them particularly suitable for applications that require fast and efficient computation and where the timing of input-output signals carries important information. However, the use of such networks in practical, goal-oriented applications has long been limited by the lack of appropriate unsupervised learning methods. Image clustering in realistic human sense can very well be analyzed using SNN. Spiking neural networks usually results in improved quality of segmentation reflecting the mean square error to be minimum. Effective Matlab Programs yielded good results for real time, realistic human being brain behavior like output.

Keywords: Spiking Neural Network (SNN), Spike; Integrate and fire neuron, Segmentation, backpropagation, gradient

descent, wavelets





international journals of engineering & sciences n · 2013. 4. 20. · international journals...

Documents