international journal of town planning and management vol 2 issue 1
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International Journal of
IJTPM Jan – June 2016
Town Planning
and Management
Mechanical Engineering
Electronics and Telecommunication Chemical Engineering
Architecture
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¬ International Journal of Thermal Energy andApplications
¬ International Journal of Production Engineering¬ International Journal of Industrial Engineering
and Design¬ International Journal of Manufacturing and
Materials Processing¬ International Journal of Mechanical Handling and
Automation
« International Journal of Radio Frequency Design« International Journal of VLSI Design and Technology« International Journal of Embedded Systems and Emerging
Technologies« International Journal of Digital Electronics« International Journal of Digital Communication and Analog
Signals
« International Journal of Housing and Human SettlementPlanning
« International Journal of Architecture and InfrastructurePlanning
« International Journal of Rural and Regional PlanningDevelopment
« International Journal of Town Planning and Management
Applied Mechanics
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Computer Science and Engineering « International Journal of Wireless Network Security« International Journal of Algorithms Design and Analysis« International Journal of Mobile Computing Devices« International Journal of Software Computing and Testing« International Journal of Data Structures and Algorithms
Nanotechnology« International Journal of Applied Nanotechnology« International Journal of Nanomaterials and Nanostructures« International Journals of Nanobiotechnology
« International Journal of Solid State Materials« International Journal of Optical Sciences
Physics
« International Journal of Renewable Energy and itsCommercialization
« International Journal of Environmental Chemistry« International Journal of Agrochemistry« International Journal of Prevention and Control of Industrial
Pollution
Civil Engineering« International Journal of Water Resources Engineering« International Journal of Concrete Technology« International Journal of Structural Engineering and Analysis« International Journal of Construction Engineering and
Planning
Electrical Engineering« International Journal of Analog Integrated Circuits« International Journal of Automatic Control System« International Journal of Electrical Machines & Drives« International Journal of Electrical Communication
Engineering« International Journal of Integrated Electronics Systems and
Circuits
Material Sciences and Engineering « International Journal of Energetic Materials« International Journal of Bionics and Bio-Materials« International Journal of Ceramics and Ceramic Technology« International Journal of Bio-Materials and Biomedical
Engineering
Chemistry « International Journal of Photochemistry« International Journal of Analytical and Applied Chemistry« International Journal of Green Chemistry« International Journal of Chemical and Molecular
Engineering
« International Journal of Electro Mechanics andMechanical Behaviour
« International Journal of Machine Design andManufacturing
« International Journal of Mechanical Dynamicsand Analysis
« International Journal of Fracture and damageMechanics
« International Journal of Structural Mechanicsand Finite Elements
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Biomaterials« International Journal of Plant Biotechnology« International Journal of Molecular Biotechnology« International Journal of Biochemistry and Biomolecules« International Journal of Animal Biotechnology and
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International Journal of Town
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International Journal of
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International Journal of Town Planning and Management is an international peer-reviewed journal that
focuses on the integrative social economical systems of planning, residential demolition, financial shelter
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! Planning and design for sustainable urban mobility
! Enhancing urban safety and security
! Financing urban shelter
! Sustainable development of regional structures
! Integrative social-ecological systems
! Housing and community planning
! Residential demolition
! Suburbanization and urban sprawl
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INTERNAL MEMBERS
Associate Manager
ChairmanMr. Puneet Mehrotra
Managing Director,JournalsPub,
New Delhi
Hidam Renubala
Ankita Singh
Akanksha Marwah
Deepika Bhadauria
Commissioning Editors
Priyanka Garg
Chhavi Goel
Shrawani Verma
EDITORIAL BOARD MEMBERS
Dr. Krishna Kumar Dhote Department of Architecture and Planning,
MANIT, Bhopal (M.P.), India
Dr. Sandeep Dua Department of Physical Planning &
Architecture, Guru Nanak Dev University, Punjab, India
Dr. Prakash Vinayak DurgeDepartment of Civil Engineering, College of
Engineering & Tecnology Akola, India
Dr. Sanjay Kumar Sonar GhanshyamDepartment of Civil Engineering, College of
Engineering, Pune, India
Dr. Adesoji David Jiboye Department of Architecture, Obafemi Awolowo
University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
Dr. Mohammad Arif Kamal Department of Architecture, Aligarh Muslim
University, Aligarh, India
Dr. Ashwani KumarDepartment of Architecture, Malaviya National
Institute of Technology, Jaipur, India
Dr. Bibhuti Bhusan MukharjeeDepartment of Civil Engineering Veer Surendra Sai University of Technology (VSSUT), Burla,
India
Mahua MukherjeeIIT Roorkee, India
Fathima Samana S.Acharya's School of Architecture, India
Pooja NigamDepartment of Architecture and Planning,
MNIT Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
Dr. Satyaki Sarkar Department of Architecture, Birla Institute of
Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, India
Dr. Jagdish SinghMaulana Azad National Institute of Technology,
Bhopal, India
Bhawna SrivastavaMaulana Azad National Institute of Technology
Bhopal, India
Ar. Debashis Sanyal Associate Professor, Department of Architecture,
National Institute of Technology Raipur, Chhattisgarh, India
Ms Sharmin Khan Assistant Professor, Department of
Architecture, Z.H.C.E.T., AMU, Aligarh, India
Prakash Chandra Tamrakar Department of Architecture and Interior, Decoration & Design, Government Girls'
Polytechnic, Raipur (C.G.), India
Nishant NathaniAssistant proffesor, Department of Architecture
& Planning,Amity University Haryana, India
Ar. Ankur Prabhakar AttriGuru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar,
Punjab., India
From the Editor's Desk
Dear Readers,
We would like to present, with great pleasure, the inaugural volume of a new scholarly
journal, International Journal of Town Planning and Management. This journal is part of
the Engineering Sciences, and is devoted to the scope of present Town Planning and
Management issues, from theoretical aspects to application-dependent studies and the
validation of emerging technologies.
This new journal was planned and established to represent the growing needs of Town Planning and
Management as an emerging and increasingly vital field, now widely recognized as an integral part of
scientific and technical investigations. Its mission is to become a voice of the Civil Engineers community,
addressing researchers and practitioners in this area.
The core vision of International Journal of Town Planning and Management in Journals Pub is to propagate
novel awareness and know-how for the profit of mankind ranging from the academic and professional
research societies to industry practitioners in a range of topics in Transportation Engineering in general.
Journals Pub acts as a pathfinder for the scientific community to published their papers at excellently, well-
time & successfully.
International Journal of Town Planning and Management focuses on original high-quality research in the
realm of Planning and design for sustainable urban mobility, Enhancing urban safety and security,
Financing urban shelter, Sustainable development of regional structures, Integrative social-ecological
systems, Housing and community planning, etc.
The Journal is intended as a forum for practitioners and researchers to share the techniques of
Transportation Engineering and Traffic System and solutions in the area.
Many scientists and researchers have contributed to the creation and the success of the Town Planning and
Management community. We are very thankful to everybody within that community who supported the idea
of creating an innovative platform. We are certain that issue will be followed by many others, reporting new
developments in the field of Town Planning and Management.
This issue would not have been possible without the great support of the Editorial Board members, and we
would like to express our sincere thanks to all of them. We would also like to express our gratitude to the
editorial staff of JournalsPub, who supported us at every stage of the project.
It is our hope that this fine collection of articles will be a valuable resource for Architectural readers and will
stimulate further research into the vibrant area of Town Planning and Management.
Puneet Mehrotra
Managing Director
1. Innovative Application of Prefabs in Earthquake-Resistant Bridge Construction A.N. Sarkar 1
2. Social Implication of Housing Intervention on Spatial Fabric of Slums Rajender Silakari, Krishna Kumar Dhote, Preeti Onkar Singh 23
3. Urban Agriculture and Vertical Farming Technology in AgropolisA.N.Sarkar 37
4. Bamboo Reinforced Low Cost House – A Case StudyT.K. Lohani, K.P. Dash, P.K. Parida, S.K. Mansingh 59
5. Town Planning and Management for Sustainable CitiesGarima Agarwal 71
Contents
IJTPM (2016) 1–22 © JournalsPub 2016. All Rights Reserved Page 1
International Journal of Town Planning and Management Vol. 2: Issue 1
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Innovative Application of Prefabs in Earthquake-Resistant
Bridge Construction
A.N. Sarkar* Asia-Pacific Institute of Management, 3 & 4 Institutional Areas, Jasola (Sarita Vihar), New Delhi, India
Abstract
Pre-stressed concrete, widely known to be a prefabricated structure (Prefab in short) has
long been accepted in statically loaded structures. Thus, we have seen the construction of
pre-stressed concrete bridges, dams, pipelines, reservoirs and various structures including
more recently atomic reactor pressure vessels. In recent years pre-stressed concrete has been
specially used in seismic resistant structures. Just like any other new material, it will attract
criticism and comment, sometimes by people who may not have had the opportunity of full
investigation of the material in question. Furthermore, today engineers are more critical of
any new material or technique and will seldom accept them unless conclusive evidence of
their performance can be produced. More extensive use of precast concrete components,
which are fabricated off-site and then connected on-site, could allow bridges, vulnerable to
earthquakes, has to be constructed more frequently. The increased use of precast components
in bridges also promises to increase work-zone safety and decrease environmental impacts
for bridges that span waterways. Because precast systems contain connections, and
connections are typically vulnerable to seismic loading, a qualitative evaluation of the
expected seismic performance of each system is deemed necessary. Precast concrete
substructure systems have received much less attention than have superstructure systems-
both of buildings and bridges. The use of precast substructure components can provide
significant time savings by eliminating the time needed to erect formwork, tie steel, and cure
concrete in the substructure. The success of the system depends strongly on the connections,
which must have good seismic resistance, have tolerances that allow easy assembly, and be
suitable for rapid construction. This paper discusses precast concrete systems that have been
used for rapid bridge construction, especially in the earthquake affected/prone area. The
paper also identifies key features that are important for successful precast concrete system
applications in bridge construction and repairing in high to medium seismic zones.
Keywords: bridge construction, earthquake resistance, prefabricated structure
PRECAST CONCRETE SYSTEMS
FOR RAPID CONSTRUCTION OF
BRIDGES
More increasingly use of precast concrete
components, which are fabricated off-site
and then connected on-site, may be
allowing bridges to be constructed more
frequently. The increased use of precast
components in bridges also emphasizes to
increase work-zone safety and decrease
environmental impacts for bridges that
span waterways. The researchers identified
four types of precast concrete
superstructure systems: full-depth precast
concrete panels, partial-depth precast
concrete panels, pre-stressed concrete
multi-beam superstructures, and pre-
constructed composite units.[1]
The four
IJTPM (2016) 23–36 © JournalsPub 2016. All Rights Reserved Page 23
International Journal of Town Planning and Management Vol. 2: Issue 1
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Social Implication of Housing Intervention on Spatial Fabric of
Slums
Rajender Silakari, Krishna Kumar Dhote*, Preeti Onkar Singh* Department of Architecture and Planning, MANIT, Bhopal, India
Abstract
Housing for poor has always been a priority since independence and has gained momentum
after the recent policies of government in last decade with its focus on improvement in quality
of life of urban poor. It is perpetual for urban professionals to review whether the
implications are leading towards the desired social development. The present paper focuses
on understanding the relationship of social and spatial fabric of slums with the help of case
studies of pre-intervention and post-intervention slums of Central India.
Keywords: slums, spatial fabric, urban poor
INTRODUCTION
The National Urban Renewal Mission
started in 2005 has been a landmark
intervention in providing urban
infrastructure and housing for urban poor.
Also the policy "Housing for all" aims to
make India slum free is another ambitious
project of Government of India. Projects
undertaken without the knowledge of their
likely social impacts tend to produce
unintended hardships for the local
population (Mathur, 2011). The
monitoring system evaluate the physical
targets and fund utilizations but at this
juncture of time it is relevant to go beyond
the economic benefits of programme and
analyze the social impact of these
programs on the communities where the
poor live. The outcome of this analysis
will lead to more useful guidance for the
ongoing housing projects under different
programs which aims to achieve the long
term goals of poverty alleviation and
social upgradation. The assessment of
social implication of such programs will
help in making the projects responsive to
the social development concern. The aim
of assessing social implications is to
understand the consequences of the
development interventions as every project
have social ramifications. It provides an
opportunity for the beneficiaries, may be
passively to participate and respond in
shaping their future.
Globally, social impact assessment is seen
as an overarching framework that
embodies the evaluation of all impacts on
humans and on all the ways in which
people and their communities interact with
their socio-cultural economic and bio-
physical environment. With reference to
the housing programme for urban poor
oneneeds to understand what constitutes
social impact and identifies the indicators
to measure the impacts. The impacts of
housing programme can be classified as
social impact, economic impact and
impact on built or spatial fabric. The
present article discusses the intricate
relationship of social fabric formed and
evolved by community living there and the
spatial fabric which has grown
subsequently. The housing intervention
0th Century 1988.
IJTPM (2016) 37–58 © JournalsPub 2016. All Rights Reserved Page 37
International Journal of Town Planning and Management Vol. 2: Issue 1
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Urban Agriculture and Vertical Farming Technology in
Agropolis
A.N. Sarkar*
Ex-Senior Professor (International Business) & Dean (Research), Asia-Pacific Institute of
Management, New Delhi, India
Abstract
The concept of Urban Agriculture dates back 1915; whereas the Vertical Farming is
relatively a recent concept. With the alarming pace of globalization, industrialization and
urbanization there is visibly a huge population flux in the major cities with meteoric rise of
demand for healthy food to feed the teeming millions. This has prompted the scientists to
evolve alternate farming approaches to fill-in the gaps. The recent innovations and
technological breakthrough have given rise to what are currently widely known as urban
agriculture, vertical farming, roof-top farming, hydroponics. The paper is dedicated to
discuss some of recent innovations made as well as technological breakthroughs in the field
of urban agriculture and vertical farming in Agropolis.
Keywords: agropolis, urban agriculture, vertical farming
URBAN AGRICULTURE: THE
DEFINITION
Urban agriculture is “the growing,
processing and distributing of food and
other products through intensive plant
cultivation and animal husbandry in and
around cities” .[1]
City farming and urban
farming are sometimes used
synonymously with urban agriculture.
Community gardening is a similar idea,
although it often refers specifically to
production for gardeners’ own use rather
than for sale.
The term “urban agriculture” was
associated with several different
definitions and meanings. ANR describes
urban agriculture to include beyond that
which is strictly for home consumption or
educational purposes, production,
distribution and marketing of food and
other products within the cores of
metropolitan areas and at their edges.
Examples in this regard include roof-top
agriculture and horticulture, ornamental
creepers, hydro/aquaponics, herbal
gardens, vertical agriculture community
supported agriculture, and family farms
located in metropolitan greenbelts
(Adapted from the American Planning
Association, 2011).
Urban agricultureand urban farming
bradly include urban gardening around a
village, town, or eco-city .[1]
Urban
agriculture can also livestock, piggery,
poultry, fishery, apiculture, fresh-water
aquaculture, agro-forestry, and horti-
pastoral system. These activities occur
in peri-urban areas as well, and peri-urban
agriculture may have different
characteristics .[2]
Urban agriculture can
reflect varying levels of economic and
social development. In the global north, it
often takes the form of a social movement
for sustainable communities, where
IJTPM (2016) 59–70 © JournalsPub 2016. All Rights Reserved Page 59
International Journal of Town Planning and Management Vol. 2: Issue 1
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Bamboo Reinforced Low Cost House – A Case Study
T.K. Lohani*, K.P. Dash, P.K. Parida, S.K. Mansingh
Department of Civil Engineering, Orissa Engineering College, Orissa, India
Abstract
The objective is to set up a low cost house using bamboo and its culms as reinforcement
material. A prototype of such a construction has been undertaken in an area of 255 sq.ft. As
bamboo acts as a structural member, it can replace steel as reinforcement. The proposed
structure consists of four supporting column and one main column at its centre to achieve a
better economy due to reduction in the number of columns and replacement of steel by
bamboo (20% reduction in overall cost). This case study explores the various aspects of
bamboo reinforcement building methodologies for low cost housing by highlighting the
alternate resources for economy and durability. Bamboo is a grass and botanically belongs
to family “Poaceae”. Dendrocalamus strictus, bambusa vulgaris schard are the species
which have highest value of tensile and compression strength. Major problem in using
bamboo as construction material are water absorption and moisture content. Proper
seasoning and/or treatment has made the bamboo to use as a reinforced material. Test
results on mechanical and physical properties of load bearing aspects are undertaken to
compare them with standards available. An estimated cost of Rs. 360,000.00 was calculated
which saves approximately Rs. 100,000.00.
Keywords: culm, column, earthwork, reinforcement, sizing, seasoning
INTRODUCTION The increase cost of concrete and steel, the
most prevalent construction material for
urban housing, has exacerbated the
growing demand for housing. Relying
completely on masonry and reinforced
concrete building system has made even
the most modest housing unit too
expensive for the urban dwellers.
Considering the situation, this project
aimed to assess the potential of local
bamboo resources to provide an
alternative, sustainable, safe, and
affordable building material in present
scenario. From the results of INBAR[1]
and AIRCA,[2]
it has been demonstrated
that due to its strength, versatility,
earthquake-resistant, fast-growing, and
self-regenerating properties, when treated
and used properly, becomes a highly
renewable and affordable material that can
be used in every component of housing. In
2004, INBAR’s work on bamboo
construction was validated by the
International Organization for
Standardisation (ISO), which issued
international standards bamboo: structural
design[3]
and determination of physical
and mechanical properties of bamboo.[4]
The use of bamboo as reinforcement in
port land cement concrete has been
studied extensively by Clemson
Agricultural College. [5]
Bamboo has been
used as a construction material in certain
areas for centuries, but its application as
reinforcement in concrete had received
little attention until the Clemson study. A
IJTM (2016) 71–72 © JournalsPub 2016. All Rights Reserved Page 71
International Journal of Town Planning and Management Vol. 2: Issue 1
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Town Planning and Management for Sustainable Cities
Garima Agarwal*
Department of Biotechnology, Jaypee Institute of Information Technology, Noida, India
Abstract
This paper reveals a review of the key literature on the issues relating to planning,
development and management of sustainable cities, introduces the contributions from the
Special Issue, and speculates on the prospective research directions to place necessary
mechanisms to secure a sustainable urban future for all. Today all the rural areas is going to
convert in urban areas for the benefit of future generation but it completely effecting
livestock, natural disaster, etc.
*Corresponding Author
E-mail: [email protected]
BACKGROUND
Increasing urbanization will be one of the
defining features of the 21st century. This
leads to particular environmental
challenges, but also gives opportunities for
urban development that can contribute to
newer goals of improving the quality of
life for urban residents and help them in
achieving greater levels of global
sustainability. Almost 50% of the world’s
population already lives in urban areas,
with a growing number of these people
living in towns and cities in low and
middle-income countries. As well as being
a demographic phenomenon, urbanization
is intricately linked with economic, social
and environmental transitions.
Courtesy: Wikipedia
The main objective of this research was to
assess the practice of master planning and
challenges of land management in India
People’s Regional State thereby pointing
its future implications for sustainability.
More specifically, the study was intended
to:
Assess the extent to which master
plans prepared for the town attained
the objectives in the town.
Identify the challenges related to land
and their management status in the
town.
Discuss the institutional frameworks
and arrangements for master planning
and land management in the town.
Indicate the implication for the future
planning and management practices
with respect to the urban land in the
town.
CONCLUSION
I would like to appreciate for the
urbanization but urbanization should be in
limits so that it cannot affect completely
demolish the rural areas. Rural areas are
also important for natural phenomenon of
life cycle for every individual and we need
to conserve it for juveniles as well.
REFERENCES
1. Yigitcanlar T., Kamruzzaman M.,
Planning, Development and
International Journal of
IJTPM Jan – June 2016
Town Planning
and Management
Mechanical Engineering
Electronics and Telecommunication Chemical Engineering
Architecture
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E-mail: [email protected]
¬ International Journal of Thermal Energy andApplications
¬ International Journal of Production Engineering¬ International Journal of Industrial Engineering
and Design¬ International Journal of Manufacturing and
Materials Processing¬ International Journal of Mechanical Handling and
Automation
« International Journal of Radio Frequency Design« International Journal of VLSI Design and Technology« International Journal of Embedded Systems and Emerging
Technologies« International Journal of Digital Electronics« International Journal of Digital Communication and Analog
Signals
« International Journal of Housing and Human SettlementPlanning
« International Journal of Architecture and InfrastructurePlanning
« International Journal of Rural and Regional PlanningDevelopment
« International Journal of Town Planning and Management
Applied Mechanics
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Computer Science and Engineering « International Journal of Wireless Network Security« International Journal of Algorithms Design and Analysis« International Journal of Mobile Computing Devices« International Journal of Software Computing and Testing« International Journal of Data Structures and Algorithms
Nanotechnology« International Journal of Applied Nanotechnology« International Journal of Nanomaterials and Nanostructures« International Journals of Nanobiotechnology
« International Journal of Solid State Materials« International Journal of Optical Sciences
Physics
« International Journal of Renewable Energy and itsCommercialization
« International Journal of Environmental Chemistry« International Journal of Agrochemistry« International Journal of Prevention and Control of Industrial
Pollution
Civil Engineering« International Journal of Water Resources Engineering« International Journal of Concrete Technology« International Journal of Structural Engineering and Analysis« International Journal of Construction Engineering and
Planning
Electrical Engineering« International Journal of Analog Integrated Circuits« International Journal of Automatic Control System« International Journal of Electrical Machines & Drives« International Journal of Electrical Communication
Engineering« International Journal of Integrated Electronics Systems and
Circuits
Material Sciences and Engineering « International Journal of Energetic Materials« International Journal of Bionics and Bio-Materials« International Journal of Ceramics and Ceramic Technology« International Journal of Bio-Materials and Biomedical
Engineering
Chemistry « International Journal of Photochemistry« International Journal of Analytical and Applied Chemistry« International Journal of Green Chemistry« International Journal of Chemical and Molecular
Engineering
« International Journal of Electro Mechanics andMechanical Behaviour
« International Journal of Machine Design andManufacturing
« International Journal of Mechanical Dynamicsand Analysis
« International Journal of Fracture and damageMechanics
« International Journal of Structural Mechanicsand Finite Elements
5 more...4 more...
3 more...
Biotechnology « International Journal of Industrial Biotechnology and
Biomaterials« International Journal of Plant Biotechnology« International Journal of Molecular Biotechnology« International Journal of Biochemistry and Biomolecules« International Journal of Animal Biotechnology and
Applications3 more...
Nursing « International Journal of Immunological Nursing« International Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing« International Journal of Neurological Nursing« International Journal of Orthopedic Nursing« International Journal of Oncological Nursing
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