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India

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Uttarakhand, India

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University, India

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College, Jalpaiguri, West Bengal, India

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Pradesh, India

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Technology, India

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India

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Bangalore, Karnataka, India

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India

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Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India

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Jammu, Jammu, India

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Technological University, India

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Fibre Technology, West Bengal, India

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Pradesh, India

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India

Dr. Roya Mohammad zadehkakhkiDepartment of Chemistry, University of

Gonabad, Gonabad-Iran, Islamic Republic of Iran

EDITORIAL BOARD MEMBERS

Dr. M. R. JayapalDepartment of Chemistry, Narasaraopeta

Engineering College Narasaraopeta, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, India

Dr. Kaman SinghDepartment of Chemistry, Faculty of Science

University of Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India

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Products, University of Nizwa Nizwa, Sultanate of Oman, Oman

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Nairobi Kenya, Kenya

Dr. Feyzullah TokayExpert Dr. Balýkesir University, Research

Center of Applied Sciences, Turkey

Dr. Dinesh Nivrutti NavaleDepartment of Chemistry,Vivekanand Education

Society's College of Arts, Science and Commerce, Chembur, Mumbai, India

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Dear Readers,

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and will stimulate further research into the vibrant area of analytical chemistry.

Puneet Mehrotra

Managing Director

1. Micellization Investigations of Meristyl Alcohol Based Bis-Sulfosuccinate Gemini Surfactant with Anionic and Nonionic Conventional Surfactants Vinayika Singh, Rashmi Tyagi 1

2. Physico-Chemical Study of Rani Pond Water in Winter Season-2015 of Rewa District, Madhya Pradesh, India Omprakash Gupta, Dinesh Kumar Singh, Manoj Kumar Solanki, Sateesh Kumar Mishra 9

3. Guar Gum and Its Graft Copolymers: An OverviewSandeep Rai, Nilesh Singh, Akshita Rai 15

4. Chitosan: Chemistry, Applications & Economics of Production - A Review

Sandeep Rai, K. Satish Kumar, Jinkal Mistry, Nilesh Singh, Akshita Rai GRP Limited, Panoli, Bharuch, Gujarat, India 23

5. Generating Fuel from Plastic: Recent Report

Amit Agnihotri 35

Contents

IJAAC (2016) 1–8 © JournalsPub 2016. All Rights Reserved Page 1

International Journal of Analytical and Applied Chemistry Vol. 2: Issue 1

www.journalspub.com

Micellization Investigations of Meristyl Alcohol Based Bis-

Sulfosuccinate Gemini Surfactant with Anionic and Nonionic

Conventional Surfactants

Vinayika Singh*, Rashmi Tyagi Department of Chemistry, Jaypee University of Engineering and Technology, Guna,

Madhya Pradesh, India

Abstract

Micellization studies have been carried out to investigate the mean aggregation number of

aqueous solution of newly synthesized bis-sulfosuccinate gemini surfactant based on meristyl

alcohol (BSGSMA1,4) using flexible spacer as methylene chain (CH2)4. The methylene chain

was introduced via α,ω-dibromo butane in the reaction. The present study explored the effect

of prepared gemini toward the two well recognized conventional surfactants, i.e., sodium

dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and Triton X 100 in mixed micelles of binary systems. The

measurements were carried out with the help of steady state fluorescence technique. From

the study, it was observed that the value of N for pure BSGSMA1,4 (3*CMC) was enhanced

from N = 14 to 32 for mixed BSGSMA1,4 + SDS (3*CMC) system and suppressed (N = 12) for

mixed BSGSMA1,4 + Triton X 100 (3*CMC). As concentrations of SDS (5*CMC) and Triton

X 100 (40*CMC) were increased in mixed systems, the value N was also enhanced for both

systems and found to be 57 and 33, respectively. The results revealed the more favorable

micellization behavior of gemini BSGSMA1,4 toward the SDS as compared to Triton X 100

and also exhibited the good synergism behavior of prepared gemini with conventional

anionic surfactant (SDS) even at a lower concentration, i.e., 3*CMC.

Keywords: aggregation number, anionic bis-sulfosuccinate gemini surfactant, mixed systems

INTRODUCTION

Gemini surfactants are the amphiphilic

molecules which have two hydrophilic

head groups and two hydrophobic tail

groups separated by a covalently attached

spacer. On the other hand, conventional

surfactants represented by a single

hydrophobic tail connected to an ionic or

polar head group. Gemini surfactants

exhibited good surface active properties

like excellent surface activity, good water

solubility, low CMC value, better foaming

as compared to conventional surfactants.

Therefore, researchers always attract

toward the studies of gemini surfactants.[1]

Sulfosuccinate surfactants are known as

industrial consumable surfactants and used

in numerous fields such as cosmetics,

textile, polymers, paints and coating,

leather, printing, and agriculture.[2]

The

huge applications of these surfactants are

mainly due to their admirable performance

properties such as foaming, emulsifying,

solubilizing properties, and excellent

surface active properties viz. low critical

micelle concentration, high effectiveness

in reducing surface tension, and

biodegradability.[3]

Many researchers

investigated the mixed surfactant study[4,5]

of anionic gemini surfactants with some

conventional surfactants. Fluorescence

technique is widely used to determine the


International Journal of Analytical & Applied Chemistry Vol. 2: Issue 1

www.journalspub.com

Physico-Chemical Study of Rani Pond Water in Winter Season-

2015 of Rewa District, Madhya Pradesh, India

Omprakash Gupta1, Dinesh Kumar Singh

2, Manoj Kumar Solanki

3*, Sateesh Kumar Mishra

4

1Department of Chemistry, Govt. Science College, Rewa, M.P., India

2Department of Geology, Govt. Engineering College, Rewa, M.P., India

3Department of Chemistry, Govt. Engineering College, Rewa, M.P., India

4Department of Chemistry, G.K. Memorial College of Pharmacy, Chakghat, M.P., India

Abstract

This paper presents to physico-chemical study of Rani pond water in winter season-2015 of

Rewa district, Madhya Pradesh, India. We are analysed to change in physical and chemical

properties of Rani pond water due to season. The variable data of samples are within

prescribed limits as suggested by World Health Organisation (WHO), Indian Standard (ISI)

and BIS desirable limit for drinking water for drinking purpose. Seasonal variation in

physical and chemical parameters like temperature, turbidity, colour, odour, test, pH, total

hardness, calcium (Ca2+

), magnesium (Mg+2

), total alkalinity, chloride (Cl), TDS, sulphate

(SO42

), etc. were data study for a period of year 2015 (winter). Some parameters were found

in some limits.

Keywords: Madhya Pradesh India, physico-chemical study of pond water, seasonal analysis

of pond water Rewa, study of pond water

INTRODUCTION

All life on earth depends on water, fresh

water is a critical, finite, vulnerable,

renewable natural resource on the earth

and plays as important role in our living

environment without it life is impossible.

India is endowed with rich water

resources. Ponds water has a more

constant chemical composition and some

types of impurities dissolved in pond

water. Pond water are polluted due to

impurities and different types of pollutants

dissolved in water. The Rewa district pond

water quality evaluated on the basis of

dissolved some minerals, salts, impurities,

etc. In this paper, results of the study of

river waters for temperature, turbidity,

colour, odour, test, pH, total hardness,

calcium (Ca2+

), magnesium (Mg+2

), total

alkalinity, chloride (Cl), TDS, sulphate

(SO42

), etc. In this study, analysis of

River water for a year of 2015 (winter)

Rewa, Madhya Pradesh, India. Rani pond

water samples are indicated by sample 1

and sample 2 in Table 1 given below.[1,2]

MATERIAL AND METHODS The pond water sample were collected

during the winter season of year 2015 in

the month of October from Rewa city,

Madhya Pradesh. Material requirement for

sampling and analysis of water of Itinerary

for the trip, personnel and sample transport

arrangement, area map, site location map,

icebox, weighted bottle sampler, D.O.

sample, D.O.D. bottles, sample containers

(including bacteriological sample

containers), heavy metals, D.O. fixing and

traction chemical and glassware, tissue

papers, thermometer, field measurement



www.journalspub.com

Guar Gum and Its Graft Copolymers: An Overview

Sandeep Rai1,2*

, Nilesh Singh1, Akshita Rai

3

1GRP Limited, Panoli, Bharuch, Gujarat, India

2Shroff S.R. Rotary Institute of Chemical Technology, Vataria, Bharuch, Gujarat, India

3Ramanbhai Patel College of Pharmacy, Anand, Gujarat, India

Abstract

Guar gum, a naturally occurring polysaccharide, is being widely used in numerous

applications. Guar gum is modified by graft copolymerization to improve upon properties.

Grafting is an innovative method to produce a new class of semi synthetic polymeric

materials. In grafting, while the original properties of polymer remain intact, some

additional and useful properties are incorporated. Natural polymers are available in huge

quantities on Earth, since billions of years. Guar gum is a versatile natural polymer and is

used as food and medicinal plants. In this review, an attempt is being made to bring the

insights on guar gum and its graft copolymers.

Keywords: Cyamopsis tetragonolobus, graft copolymers, guar gum, % grafting and grafting

efficiency, polymer, polysaccharide

INTRODUCTION

There has been a considerable thrust in the

growth and consumption of

polysaccharides such as starch, cellulose,

alginate, chitosan, guar gum, etc., for

variety of applications in the field of

biomedical and pharmacology. This is

because of their properties like

sustainability, biodegradability and

biosafety.

The primary aim of this review article is

on guar gum (GG) chemistry, its

production and applications.

The review article also highlights few

latest developments of Guar Gum graft

copolymers for different applications. GG

is a naturally occurring non-ionic

polysaccharide of high molecular weight

(approximately 50,000–8,000,000). It is

derived from the guar seed Cyamopsis

tetragonolobus. This plant is grown

mainly in India and Pakistan and is being

used as an edible food item also. It finds

application in various industries as

viscosity builder, stabilizer, emulsifier and

water binder. Guar gum is a non-ionic

branched chain natural polymer.

It consists of straight mannose units joined

by β-D (1→4) linkage having β-D

galactopyranose units to this linear chain

by (1→6) linkages. The ratio of mannose

to galactose units ranges from 1.6:1.0 to

1.8:1.0, possibly because of climatic

variation.[1–3]

In cold water, guar gum forms a viscous,

colloidal dispersion. It is often used as a

viscosity builder and water binder in

different industries like mining, textiles,

paper, petroleum, explosives, etc. (Figure

1)[4]

MANUFACTURE OF GUAR GUM

Guar gum, known as Gum cyamopsis or

guar flour, is derived from the ground



www.journalspub.com

Chitosan: Chemistry, Applications & Economics of Production -

A Review

Sandeep Rai1,2

*, K. Satish Kumar1, Jinkal Mistry

1, Nilesh Singh

2, Akshita Rai

3

1GRP Limited, Panoli, Bharuch, Gujarat, India

2Shroff S.R Rotary Institute of Chemical Technology, Vataria, Bharuch, Gujarat, India

3Ramanbhai Patel College of Pharmacy, Changa, Anand, Gujarat, India

Abstract

Chitosan is a natural poly-cationic linear polysaccharide derived from chitin and also known

as de-acetylated chitin. It is derived from partial de-acetylation of chitin. Its low solubility in

neutral and alkaline solution limits its application. Chitosan’s chemical modification brings

to it new reactive functional properties for different applications. Because of

biocompatibility, non-toxicity, low allergenicity and biodegradability, it is used in various

applications .This review paper presents the chemistry, literature review of properties,

applications and economics of production of chitosan.

INTRODUCTION

Chitosan is composed of β-(1-4)-linked D-

glucosamine and N-acetyl-D-glucosamine

randomly distributed within the polymer.

Chitosan is cationic in nature, while

majority of polysaccharides are either

neutral or negatively charged in an acidic

environment. This property of chitosan

allows forming electrostatic complexes or

multilayer structures with other negatively

charged natural or synthetic polymers [1].

Chitosan is reported to have various

biological properties, such as antitumor

[2], antimicrobial [3], and antioxidant [4]

activities. The degree of de-acetylation

(Molar fraction of de-acetylated units or %

de-acetylation) and the molecular weight

of chitosan, were found to affect its

biological properties [5]. Chitosan is

widely used for different biological and

biomedical applications such as in water

treatment [6], wound-healing materials [7],

pharmaceutical excipient or drug carrier

[8], obesity treatment [9] and as a scaffold

for tissue engineering [10]. There is

increased interest in pharmaceutical as

well as biomedical applications of chitosan

and its derivatives and significant

development has been achieved.

Fig.1: Chemical structures of cellulose,

chitin, and chitosan [11]

Different Structural Conditions of

Chitosan [12]

1) Flakes: Chitosan flakes are mostly

used for the research studies, since

they are easier to manage than gelled

materials. However, the major limiting

parameter with flaked material is the

size of chitosan particles due to

diffusion restrictions.

2) Gel beads: Gel beads are mainly used

for the preparation of catalyst particles.

IJAAC (2016) 35 © JournalsPub 2016. All Rights Reserved Page 35


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Generating Fuel from Plastic: Recent Report

Amit Agnihotri*

Department of Chemical Engineering, ITM, Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh, India

Plastics have become a part of our daily

lives rom packaging, to bags and soda

bottles. They are not only unsafe but their

increased accumulation can cause big

effects on our environment.

Plastic products are found almost

everywhere clogging the waterways,

oceans, forests, and other natural habitats

that have animals who mistake harmful

plastic products for food. They constitute

nearly 10 % of daily discarded waste.

The problem is that they break down very

slowly, which means they are piling up in

landfills and serving as the source material

in artificial island creation in our seas.

Due to the use of chemical additives

during plastic production, plastics have

potentially harmful effects that could

prove to be carcinogenic or promote

endocrine disruption. Some of the

additives are used as phthalate plasticizers

and brominated flame retardants.

In a recent research, a new way to degrade

ordinary plastics and create fuel has been

reported.

A team of researchers from the Chinese

Academy of Sciences and University of

California have published in the

journal Science Advances about this new

finding.

Scientists have been looking for new ways

to degrade plastics, especially

polyethylene which is the most common

kind, but until now have not been able to

find a means for doing so that is both

inexpensive and accessible.

However, some success is being achieved

in this area and scientists are looking

forward to improvise it further.

This new method involves mixing the

plastics with an organometallic catalyst

which is made by mixing readily available

molecules that are doped with iridium

metal.

This reaction causes weakening of the

bonds that hold the plastic together,

allowing it to be easily torn apart.

The broken pieces can later be used to

create a diesel-like fuel which could be

used to power vehicles and other motors.

The scientists also claim that burning this

fuel is also cleaner than burning other

combustible materials.

This new method of plastic degradation is

not only easy to perform, but is quite

inexpensive too.

However, there still remains a question if

it is scalable or not. Also, as iridium is too

expensive, it is not feasible to obtain it in

sufficient quantities. The team is looking

for other ways to make this method more

practical and available for commercial use.

In an effort to find alternatives for

degrading plastic materials, we can hope to

have a cleaner environment in future.

http://phys.org/tags/fuel/

Mechanical Engineering

Electronics and Telecommunication Chemical Engineering

Architecture

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¬ International Journal of Thermal Energy andApplications

¬ International Journal of Production Engineering¬ International Journal of Industrial Engineering

and Design¬ International Journal of Manufacturing and

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