international institute for applied systems analysis (iiasa)
DESCRIPTION
International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA). Potential and Costs for Controlling Particulate Matter in Europe. Approach to PM Assessment. Health impact theories still controversial (PM mass, size, number, carbonaceous, etc.) - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
IIASA
International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA)
Potential and Costs
for Controlling
Particulate Matter
in Europe
IIASA
Approach to PM Assessment
Health impact theories still controversial (PM mass, size, number, carbonaceous, etc.)
Integrated assessment for all impact theories (as far as possible) to determine set of robust measures
• First step: PM mass, distinguish PM size classes
• Future work: other PM properties (carbonaceous, metals, alkaline, etc.)
IIASA
Methodology
Emission factors for TSP first– mass balance approach for stationary combustion
sources– reported factors for the mobile and other sources
PM10 and PM2.5 fractions for uncontrolled emissions
Uncontrolled emission factors forfine / coarse / PM>10
Size-specific emission removal efficiencies
IIASA
Initial Projections of Primary PM
EU-15 Non-EU
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
8000
9000
10000
11000
1990 2010 CLE 1990 2010 CLE
kilo
tons
Fine fraction (PM2.5) Coarse fraction (PM10-2.5) >PM10
IIASA
PM10 emissionsby source sector [kilotons]
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
1990 2010 1990 2010
EU-15 Non-EU
Power sector Industry Domestic Transport
IIASA
PM2.5 emissionsby source sector [kilotons]
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
1990 2010 1990 2010
EU-15 Non-EU
Power sector Industry Domestic Transport
IIASA
PM control optionsconsidered in RAINS
Stationary Sources:
• Cyclones
• Fabric filters
• Electrostatic precipitators (ESP)– 1 field – 2/3 fields – 3+ fields
• Improved combustion techniques
for small sources
Mobile Sources:
• EURO-II
• EURO-III
• EURO-IV
• EURO-V
IIASA
Control potential for primary PM emissions
0
50
100
150
200
No control CLE MFR No control CLE MFR
1990 2010
Mil
lio
n t
on
s
PM2.5 coarse >PM10
IIASA
PM emission control costs(Billion Euro/year)
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
1990 2010 1990 2010
EU-15 Non-EU
Power sector Industry Domestic Transport
IIASA
Major open issues
• Emissions from wood burning• Re-suspension
– Road– Rail
• Material handling• Waste treatment & disposal, solvents
• Verification with national experts
IIASA
On the Internet
Free access to PM module
• National databases
• Emission calculations and projections
• Cost calculations and cost curves
http://www.iiasa.ac.at/~rains