– – The Need for Hydrography –The Need for Hydrography –

Updated: 16/01/2013Updated: 16/01/2013

International Hydrographic OrganizationInternational Hydrographic Organization

IHO definitionIHO definition::

the the measurementmeasurement and and descriptiondescription of the of the physicalphysical features of oceans, seas, coastal features of oceans, seas, coastal areas, lakes and rivers, …. areas, lakes and rivers, …. …. for the primary purpose of …. for the primary purpose of safety of safety of navigationnavigation and in support of all other marine and in support of all other marine activities, including economic development, activities, including economic development, security and defence, scientific research, and security and defence, scientific research, and environmental protectionenvironmental protection

Hydrography provides the Hydrography provides the fundamental backdropfundamental backdrop

for almost everything that happens for almost everything that happens in, on or under the seain, on or under the sea

… … without hydrography -without hydrography -

- no ship sails- no ship sails

… … without hydrography -without hydrography -

- no port is built - no port is built

… … without hydrography -without hydrography -

- no offshore infrastructure is developed- no offshore infrastructure is developed

… … without hydrography -without hydrography -

- no environmental plan is implemented- no environmental plan is implemented

… … without hydrography -without hydrography -

- no shore is defended, no island protected- no shore is defended, no island protected

… … without hydrography -without hydrography -

- no rescue is attempted - no rescue is attempted

… … without hydrography -without hydrography -

- no maritime boundary is delimited- no maritime boundary is delimited

Hydrography supports Hydrography supports :: Safety of navigationSafety of navigation Protection of marine environmentProtection of marine environmentNational infrastructure developmentNational infrastructure development Coastal zone managementCoastal zone managementMarine explorationMarine explorationResource exploitation – minerals, fishingResource exploitation – minerals, fishing Maritime boundary delimitation (UNCLOS, others)Maritime boundary delimitation (UNCLOS, others)Maritime defence and securityMaritime defence and security Disaster managementDisaster management

Inadequate hydrography meansInadequate hydrography means::• risk of marine accidents increasesrisk of marine accidents increases

– environmental pollutionenvironmental pollution– loss of lifeloss of life

• shipping lacks confidence in ports and shipping lacks confidence in ports and routesroutes

• international trade is limitedinternational trade is limited

• missed economic opportunitiesmissed economic opportunities

• environmental impactsenvironmental impacts

• potential liability and litigationpotential liability and litigation

what is the cost ofwhat is the cost of::

• under-developed ports?under-developed ports?• using complex and hazardous shipping routes?using complex and hazardous shipping routes?• lack of fundamental planning data for the coast lack of fundamental planning data for the coast

and seas?and seas?• imprecise disaster planning models?imprecise disaster planning models?• limited sea room for patrol vessels?limited sea room for patrol vessels?

Cost versus Benefit StudiesCost versus Benefit Studies Australia (Australia (19921992))

Canada (Canada (19921992) ) APEC (APEC (20022002))

different analysis approaches:different analysis approaches:• “ “ what would happen if the charts weren’t there ?what would happen if the charts weren’t there ?””

• “ “ what if no further hydrography took place ?what if no further hydrography took place ?””

Cost vs Benefit ratios greater than1:10 ! Cost vs Benefit ratios greater than1:10 !

– – Hydrographic Services –Hydrographic Services –

International ObligationsInternational Obligations

Mariners’ ObligationsMariners’ ObligationsConvention on the Safety of Life at Sea (SOLAS) Chapter VConvention on the Safety of Life at Sea (SOLAS) Chapter V

SOLAS V/19 –SOLAS V/19 – Carriage requirements for Nav equipment Carriage requirements for Nav equipment

• ……shall carry nautical charts and publications …shall carry nautical charts and publications …

• ……issued officially by or on the authority of a Government, issued officially by or on the authority of a Government, authorized Hydrographic Office or other relevant government authorized Hydrographic Office or other relevant government institution ….institution ….

• … … [adhering to] IHO specifications and guidelines[adhering to] IHO specifications and guidelines

SOLAS V/27 –SOLAS V/27 – Nautical charts and nautical publications Nautical charts and nautical publications

• ……adequate and up to dateadequate and up to date

Governmental ObligationsGovernmental ObligationsSOLAS V/9 –SOLAS V/9 – provision of hydrographic services provision of hydrographic services

• Contracting governments undertake to Contracting governments undertake to arrangearrange to to collect and collect and compilecompile hydrographic data, and to hydrographic data, and to publishpublish, disseminate and , disseminate and updateupdate all nautical information necessary for safe navigation; all nautical information necessary for safe navigation;

• Obtain Obtain uniformityuniformity in charts and nautical publications and to in charts and nautical publications and to take into account whenever possible the relevant take into account whenever possible the relevant international resolutions and recommendations, adopted by international resolutions and recommendations, adopted by the IHO; andthe IHO; and

• Co-ordinate activities and Co-ordinate activities and ensure global availabilityensure global availability of of hydrographic and nautical informationhydrographic and nautical information

Governmental ObligationsGovernmental ObligationsSOLAS V/4 –SOLAS V/4 – navigational warnings navigational warnings ……take all steps necessary to ensure that, when intelligence take all steps necessary to ensure that, when intelligence

of any dangers is received from whatever reliable source, it of any dangers is received from whatever reliable source, it shall be shall be promptly brought to the knowledge of those promptly brought to the knowledge of those concerned and communicated to other interested concerned and communicated to other interested GovernmentsGovernments

SOLAS Chapter 5 regulations 9 and 4SOLAS Chapter 5 regulations 9 and 4

This means This means eacheach State must ensure that : State must ensure that :• hydrographic surveys are carried outhydrographic surveys are carried out

• appropriate nautical charts and other nautical appropriate nautical charts and other nautical publications are publications are availableavailable and and up to dateup to date

• Maritime Safety Information (MSI) is promulgated Maritime Safety Information (MSI) is promulgated

SOLAS V/9, SOLAS V/4SOLAS V/9, SOLAS V/4 ((provision of hydrographic services and navigational warningsprovision of hydrographic services and navigational warnings))

… … are International Obligations under are International Obligations under Treaty LawTreaty Law … … apply to ALL Contracting Governmentsapply to ALL Contracting Governments

Other Governmental ObligationsOther Governmental Obligations

• UN Resolution A.53/32 - UN Resolution A.53/32 - The Year of the OceanThe Year of the Oceanss

….. invites States to ….. invites States to cooperatecooperate in carrying out in carrying out hydrographic surveyshydrographic surveys and in providing and in providing nautical nautical servicesservices for the purpose of ensuring safe navigation for the purpose of ensuring safe navigation as well as to ensure the greatest uniformity in charts as well as to ensure the greatest uniformity in charts and nautical publications and to coordinate their and nautical publications and to coordinate their activities so that hydrography and nautical information activities so that hydrography and nautical information is available on a world-wide scaleis available on a world-wide scale

UNCLOS 1982UNCLOS 1982

Charts are required to support:Charts are required to support:

• Establishing baselinesEstablishing baselines

• Delimiting Sea Areas Delimiting Sea Areas –Territorial Sea, EEZ ,Continental Shelf , etcTerritorial Sea, EEZ ,Continental Shelf , etc

• Identifying traffic separation schemesIdentifying traffic separation schemes

• Identifying sea lanes transit and innocent passage routesIdentifying sea lanes transit and innocent passage routes

• Deploying submarine cables and pipelinesDeploying submarine cables and pipelines

• Conducting drilling on the seafloor Conducting drilling on the seafloor

• Conduct of Marine Scientific Research Conduct of Marine Scientific Research

Meeting Governmental ObligationsMeeting Governmental Obligations

SOLAS V/9 and V/4 can be satisfied:SOLAS V/9 and V/4 can be satisfied:• directly via governmentdirectly via government• through bi-lateral cooperation with other Statesthrough bi-lateral cooperation with other States• using commercial support providersusing commercial support providers

- in whole or in partin whole or in part

Overall responsibility and obligation to ensure that a Overall responsibility and obligation to ensure that a national hydrographic service is provided remains national hydrographic service is provided remains

with the with the GovernmentGovernment

- - Role of the IHO Role of the IHO --

IHOIHO

• intergovernmental consultative and technical intergovernmental consultative and technical organizationorganization

• established in 1921established in 1921

• to support safety of navigation and the protection of to support safety of navigation and the protection of the marine environmentthe marine environment

IHO Mission IHO Mission

… … to facilitate the provision of adequate and timely to facilitate the provision of adequate and timely

hydrographic information hydrographic information

… … for world-wide marine navigation and other for world-wide marine navigation and other

purposes purposes

… … through the co-ordination of the endeavours of through the co-ordination of the endeavours of

national hydrographic officesnational hydrographic offices

HistoryHistory

19081908 International Congress of Navigation, St PetersburgInternational Congress of Navigation, St Petersburg19121912 International Maritime Conference, St PetersburgInternational Maritime Conference, St Petersburg19191919 International Hydrographic Conference, LondonInternational Hydrographic Conference, London19211921 IHB established by 24 nations in MonacoIHB established by 24 nations in Monaco19701970 International Convention: establishedInternational Convention: established20052005 Protocol of Amendments to the IHO ConventionProtocol of Amendments to the IHO Convention2012 …awaiting majority of Member States’ approval to 2012 …awaiting majority of Member States’ approval to

amendmentsamendments

IHO Member States – 2013IHO Member States – 2013ALGERIA ARGENTINA AUSTRALIA BAHRAIN BANGLADESH BELGIUM BRAZIL CAMEROON CANADA CHILE CHINA COLOMBIA CROATIA CUBA CYPRUS DEMOCRATIC PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF KOREA DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO DENMARK DOMINICAN REPUBLIC ECUADOR EGYPT ESTONIA FIJI FINLAND FRANCE GERMANY GREECE GUATEMALA ICELAND

INDIA INDONESIA IRAN (ISLAMIC REPUBLIC OF) IRELAND ITALY JAMAICA JAPAN KUWAIT LATVIA MALAYSIA MAURITIUS MEXICO MONACO MOROCCO MOZAMBIQUE MYANMAR NETHERLANDS NEW ZEALAND NIGERIA NORWAY OMAN PAKISTAN PAPUA NEW GUINEA PERU PHILIPPINES POLAND PORTUGAL QATAR REPUBLIC OF KOREA

ROMANIA RUSSIAN FEDERATION SAUDI ARABIA SERBIA SINGAPORE SLOVENIA SOUTH AFRICA SPAIN SRI LANKA SURINAME SWEDEN SYRIAN ARAB REPUBLIC THAILAND TONGA TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO TUNISIA TURKEY UKRAINE UNITED ARAB EMIRATES UNITED KINGDOM OF GREAT BRITAIN AND NORTHERN IRELAND URUGUAY UNITED STATES OF AMERICA VENEZUELA (BOLIVARIAN REPUBLIC OF)

Awaiting Approval: BULGARIA HAITI MAURITANIA MONTENEGRO SIERRA LEONE BRUNEI DARUSSALAM GEORGIA VIET NAM

IHO Member States – 2013IHO Member States – 2013

International Hydrographic BureauInternational Hydrographic Bureau

IHO SecretariatIHO Secretariat19 Personnel19 Personnel

• 3 Directors3 Directors• 5 Assistant Directors5 Assistant Directors• 2 + 1 Translators2 + 1 Translators• 8 Supporting Staff8 Supporting Staff

Regional Hydrographic Commissions

Capacity Building Sub-Committee

INTERNATIONAL HYDROGRAPHIC CONFERENCE INTERNATIONAL HYDROGRAPHIC BUREAU

Hydrographic Services and Standards Committee (HSSC)

Finance Committee(FC)

Inter-Regional Coordination Committee (IRCC)

other WGs as required

WGs as required

other WGs as required

Technical Working Program Regional

Coordination

International Hydrographic BureauInternational Hydrographic Bureau SecretariatSecretariat 15 technical standards15 technical standards 10 associated guidelines10 associated guidelines 18 other publications18 other publications Direct support to 40 bodies (Direct support to 40 bodies (Committees, WGs and Committees, WGs and

RHCsRHCs)) Conference organisationConference organisation External representationExternal representation bi-lingual websitebi-lingual website

IHO Decision MakingIHO Decision Making Committees and WGs only provide proposalsCommittees and WGs only provide proposals Unless decided at a ConferenceUnless decided at a Conference

• ALL Member States are consultedALL Member States are consulted simple majority required for technical decisionssimple majority required for technical decisions

2/3 majority required for other matters2/3 majority required for other matters

• Not responding, is in effect = “NO”Not responding, is in effect = “NO”

Normal procedure for many inter-governmental Normal procedure for many inter-governmental organizationsorganizations

Regional Hydrographic CommissionsRegional Hydrographic Commissions

regional co-ordination ofregional co-ordination of

• nautical informationnautical information• hydrographic surveyshydrographic surveys• production of nautical charts and documentsproduction of nautical charts and documents• trainingtraining• technical cooperation technical cooperation • hydrographic capacity building projectshydrographic capacity building projects

Regional Hydrographic CommissionsRegional Hydrographic Commissions

Governed by Statutes - Governed by Statutes - NOTNOT IHO regulations IHO regulations

– – IHO Capacity Building –IHO Capacity Building –

Capacity Building Sub CommitteeCapacity Building Sub Committee

ObjectivesObjectives:: continuously assess hydrographic surveying, nautical charting and continuously assess hydrographic surveying, nautical charting and

nautical information status in nations and regions where hydrography is nautical information status in nations and regions where hydrography is developingdeveloping

establish and maintain close relationships with national agencies and establish and maintain close relationships with national agencies and international organizations, to identify funding and technical assistance international organizations, to identify funding and technical assistance

cooperate with Regional Hydrographic Commissions cooperate with Regional Hydrographic Commissions

Capacity Building StrategyCapacity Building Strategy

AwarenessAwarenessRaise priority of HydrographyRaise priority of Hydrography

AssessmentAssessmentIdentify and prioritize problemsIdentify and prioritize problems

AnalysisAnalysisIdentify Projects based on national/regional Identify Projects based on national/regional prioritiespriorities

ActionActionImplementation of Activities. Follow-upImplementation of Activities. Follow-up

Phases of Hydrographic Capacity BuildingPhases of Hydrographic Capacity Building

PreliminaryPreliminary• Raise awarenessRaise awareness

PhasePhase OneOne• CollecCollection and circulation of nautical information needed tion and circulation of nautical information needed

to maintain existing charts and publicationsto maintain existing charts and publications PhasePhase TwoTwo

• Capacity to conduct hydrographic surveys, data Capacity to conduct hydrographic surveys, data gathering and processinggathering and processing

Phase ThreePhase Three• ProducProduction of charts and publicationstion of charts and publications

IHO Capacity Building FundIHO Capacity Building Fund

Fund supports:Fund supports:

• Technical AssistanceTechnical Assistance• Training and EducationTraining and Education• Financial AssistanceFinancial Assistance• Start-up ProjectsStart-up Projects

• Proposals submitted via Regional Hydrographic Proposals submitted via Regional Hydrographic CommissionsCommissions

– – Conclusion –Conclusion –

Benefits of IHO MembershipBenefits of IHO Membership

Develop the national hydrographic serviceDevelop the national hydrographic service

Improve safety of navigationImprove safety of navigation

Increase wealth from the sea and oceanIncrease wealth from the sea and ocean

Gain access to capacity building supportGain access to capacity building support

Access regional and bi-lateral cooperation Access regional and bi-lateral cooperation programmesprogrammes

International Hydrographic OrganizationInternational Hydrographic Organization

International Hydrographic BureauInternational Hydrographic Bureau4 b, Quai Antoine 14 b, Quai Antoine 1erer

B.P. 445B.P. 445MC 98011 MONACO CEDEXMC 98011 MONACO CEDEX

Principauté de MonacoPrincipauté de Monaco

Telephone: +377 93 10 81 00Telephone: +377 93 10 81 00Fax: +377 93 10 81 40Fax: +377 93 10 81 40e-mail: info@iho.inte-mail: info@iho.int

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