international coral reef society conference 2008 - dr ali jones
TRANSCRIPT
A community change in the symbionts of a scleractinian coral
following a natural bleaching event: field evidence ofacclimatization
Alison Jones, Ray Berkelmans, Madeleine van Oppen,
Jos Mieog, William Sinclair
Miall IslandKeppel Islands
Great Barrier Reef
Acropora millepora
Bleaching events
20022002 2006
The coral symbiosis
coral polyp
zooxanthellae(algae)
‘coral bleaching’ is the expulsion of the algal
symbiont
Symbiodinium ITS1 types
Type C2
Type D
Type C1
Type D* SSCP
The coral symbiosis
Photosyntetically Photosyntetically fixed carbonfixed carbon
lipidslipidsCOCO22
CaCa2+2+
Thermal tolerance
D
C2C2
C2/D
Coral mortality
Bleaching can Bleaching can eventually result in eventually result in the death of the the death of the coral host and coral host and proliferation of proliferation of coral diseasecoral disease(Douglas, 2003)(Douglas, 2003)
healthy coralhealthy coral
‘‘old’ dead coralold’ dead coral
recently dead recently dead or diseasedor diseased
Symbiont shuffling
Symbiont community shift
050
100150200250300350400450500
C2 D C1
05
101520253035
C2 C1 D
-5
5
15
25
35
C2 C1 D0
10
20
30
C2 C1 D
noneDC2C1D*2+
Type C2
Type D
Type C2/D
Type C1
19
21
23
25
27
29
31
33
35
37
39
Jan-
01
Mar
-01
May
-01
Jul-0
1
Sep
-01
Nov
-01
Jan-
02
Mar
-02
May
-02
Jul-0
2
Sep
-02
Nov
-02
Jan-
03
Mar
-03
May
-03
Jul-0
3
Sep
-03
Nov
-03
Jan-
04
Mar
-04
May
-04
Jul-0
4
Sep
-04
Nov
-04
Jan-
05
Mar
-05
May
-05
Jul-0
5
Sep
-05
Nov
-05
Jan-
06
TEMPC
2006 2006 bleaching bleaching
eventevent
51%
5%
25%
6%
2002 2002 bleaching bleaching
eventevent
AIMS Halftide Rocks temperatures (mean AIMS Halftide Rocks temperatures (mean ± SD± SD °C)°C)
Chloroplast cell membrane
Thylakoid membraneThylakoid lumen
2H2O O2 + 4H+
CYT B6f
complexPSII
H+
H+
PSI
Fd FNR ATP
synthase
H+
ATP
ADP + ADP + PP22NADP
+ 2H+
CO2
Calvin Cycle of carbon fixation
Starch synthesis
e-
LHC
DDC2C2
Physiological costs of adaptation?
Acknowledgements
This project made possible by support from the
Australian Institute of Marine Science,Central Queensland University
andUniversity of Groningen
Climate change
IPCC multi-model ensemble (Meehl, 2007)
↑ 2.0 – 4.5 °C
ReferencesBerkelmans, R. and M. J. H. van Oppen (2006). "The role of zooxanthellae in the thermal tolerance of corals: a ‘nugget of hope’ for coral reefs in an era of climate change." Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences (1934-1990).
Done, T. (1992). "Phase shifts in coral reef communities and their ecological significance." Hydrobiologia 247: 121-132.
Done, T., P. Whetton, et al. (2003). Chapter 11: Global climate and coral bleaching on the Great Barrier Reef. Final report to the State of Queensland Greenhouse Task Force, Department of Natural Resources and Mining, www.nrm.qld.gov.au/science/climate.html: 33.
Hoegh-Guldberg, O., P. J. Mumby, et al. (2007). "Coral reefs under rapid climate change and ocean acidification." Science 318(5857): 1737-1742.
IPCC, Ed. (2001). Climate change 2001: The scientific basis: Contribution of Working Group I to the third assessment report of the Intergovernmental Panel on climate change, New York : Cambridge University Press, 2001.
Meehl, G. A., T. F. Stocker, et al. (2007). Chapter 10: Global climate projections. Climate change 2007: The Physical Science Basis, Contribution of: Working Group I to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, Cambridge University Press.
Mieog, J. C., M. J. H. Van Oppen, et al. (in press). "Quantification of algal endosymbionts (Symbiodinium) in coral tissue using real-time PCR."
Mieog, J. C., M. J. H. Van Oppen, et al. (2007). "Real-time PCR reveals a high incidence of Symbiodinium clade D at low levels in four scleractinian corals across the Great Barrier Reef: implications for symbiont shuffling." Coral Reefs 26(3): 449-457.
Mieog, J. C., M. J. H. van Oppen, et al. (in press). "Enormous potential for shuffling of algal symbionts in reef corals."
Muscatine, L. (1990). The role of symbiotic algae in carbon and energy flux in reef corals. Ecosystems of the world 25: Coral reefs. Dubinsky. New York, Elsiever. 25: 75-87.
Ostrander, G. K., K. M. Armstrong, et al. (2000). "Rapid transition in the structure of a coral reef community: The effects of coral bleaching and physical disturbance." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 97(10): 5297-5302.
Pittock, B., Ed. (2003). Climate Change: An Australian Guide to the Science and Potential Impacts, Australian Greenhouse Office.
Smith, C. (2004). The molecular and genetic basis for variation in thermal tolerance in a common reef-building species on the inshore Great Barrier Reef. Townsville, James Cook University. PhD Thesis.
Ulstrup, K. E. and M. J. H. van Oppen (2003). "Geographic and habitat partitioning of genetically distinct zooxanthellae (Symbiodinium) in Acropora corals on the Great Barrier Reef." Molecular Ecology 12(12): 3477-3484.
van Oppen, M. J. H., F. P. Palstra, et al. (2001). "Patterns of coral-dinoflagellate associations in Acropora: significance of local availability and physiology of Symbiodinium strains and host-symbiont selectivity." Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences (1934-1990) 268(1478): 1759-1767.
Wakeford, M., T. J. Done, et al. (2007). "Decadal trends in a coral community and evidence of changed disturbance regime." Coral Reefs On-line First.
Wilkinson, C., Ed. (2004). Status of Coral Reefs of the World 2004. Townsville, Australian Institute of Marine Science.