international consortium of applied bioeconomy research (icabr) ravello, italy june 2012 cami ryan...
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Innovation and
Regulatory Adaptability
International Consortium of Applied Bioeconomy Research (ICABR)
Ravello, ItalyJune 2012
Cami RyanUniversity of Saskatchewan
(co-authors: Jillian McDonald and Stuart Smyth)
Brazil
South Africa
The Philippines
Free Trade Area
Agreement of the
Americas(2004)
Asia-Pacific Economic
Cooperation(1989)
Cotonou Agreement
(2003) (formerly the
Lomé Convention
(1975))
Examining innovative science policy…
ICABR 2012 Ryan, McDonald & Smyth
Roles of international agreements…
Facilitate trade interests
Goals for research & innovation
European Economic Community (EEC)
Free Trade Agreement (FTA) / NAFTA
CGIAR
…challenges / complexities…
Free Trade Area
Agreement of the
Americas(2004)
Brazil
•signed on: 2004•Trade & investment
•Other partners:
ICABR 2012 Ryan, McDonald & Smyth
Brazil
Political turmoil 80s
ICABR 2012 Ryan, McDonald & Smyth
Military dictatorship 60s
Economic growth 80s
Measures to liberalize
Global leader in GM crops
South Africa
Cotonou Agreement
(2003) (formerly the
Lomé Convention
(1975))
•signed on: 2003•Trade & aid
•Other partners:
ICABR 2012 Ryan, McDonald & Smyth
South Africa
ICABR 2012 Ryan, McDonald & Smyth
Not party to same preferential treatment
Trade relations with the EU - TDCA
Prior to 1994: SA policy affected by Apartheid
Turbulent changes in mid 90s public inv
Private sector investment in R&D
9th in GM crop production
The Philippines
Asia-Pacific Economic
Cooperation(1989)
•signed on: 1989•Trade, tech transfer and food security
•Other partners:
ICABR 2012 Ryan, McDonald & Smyth
The Philippines
ICABR 2012 Ryan, McDonald & Smyth
First ASEAN region to establish GM reg system
1/3 total land mass is dedicated to ag production
First ASEAN country to commercialize GM crop (Bt corn)
Adoption of GM crops – farmer driven
Trade Analysis: relative distributions of exports
Canada United States European Union
Maize Soybean
Cotton Maize Soybean
Cotton Maize Soybean Cotton
Brazil 0% 0% 0% 0.1% 0.3% 0% 99.9%
99.7% 100%
South Africa 0.02%
0.7% 0% 2.3% 91% 100% 97.7%
8.3% 0%
The Philippines
7.7% 0% 0% 92.3% 0% 100% 0% 0% 0%
Authors’ calculations on data sourced from: FAO Tradestat, 2012
ICABR 2012 Ryan, McDonald & Smyth
Qualifying Trade Relationships…
ICABR 2012 Ryan, McDonald & Smyth
Innovation/Science Policy Matrix
Brazil South Africa The Philippines
Political status Democratic/developing
Democratic/developing
Democratic/developing
Economic status Producer/exporter Producer/domestic consumption/exporter
Producer/domestic consumption
Major strategic partners
United States EU (aid), South African countries
Australia
Major trading partners
EU (soybeans) EU, United States United States
LLP Policy n/a n/a Developing
Science based regulations development status
In place, evolving In place, evolving In place, evolving
Science-based policy goals
Development and trade
Development and trade
Education, attraction of educated ex-pats, trade & commercialization
WTO status 1995 1995 1995
CBD status Rtf: 1994 Rtf: 2003 Rtf: 1995
BSP status Rtf: 2004 Rtf: 2010 Rtf: 2004ICABR 2012 Ryan, McDonald & Smyth
Policy implications & conclusions
Almost 50% of biotech crops in developing countries (James 2010) Growth rates 2x that of developed
countries (2011)
33+ Million Has.
James 2011
Policy implications & conclusions
H0: International & trade agreements serve as influencers to adoption of policy/regulatory systems in developing countries
results: it’s just not that simple! Development of reg systems
Complex! Partially influenced by trade/strategic
partnerships Other context-dependent factors▪ Political history▪ Geo-political factors▪ Historical relationships
ICABR 2012 Ryan, McDonald & Smyth
Questions? Comments?
Cami RyanUniversity of Saskatchewan
[email protected] to my co-authors!
Jillian McDonald & Stuart Smyth
No? Good… let’s drink wine.