international atomic energy agency inis training seminar principles of information retrieval and...
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International Atomic Energy Agency
INIS Training SeminarINIS Training Seminar
Principles of Principles of
Information Retrieval and Query Information Retrieval and Query FormulationFormulation
07 – 11 October 2013
Vienna, Austria
Bekele NegeriINIS Unit
Nuclear Information Specialist
International Atomic Energy Agency
OutlineOutline
• Databases (Textual) types
• Planning searches
• Formulating queries
• Measure of Search effectiveness
• Using search results and queries
October 2013 INIS Training Seminar 2
International Atomic Energy Agency
Databases (textual)Databases (textual)
• Databases consist of data (records) described in fields and a means by which to search these fields, a search engine.
• Databases may look different on screen but the underlying principles for searching and formulating search strategies are common to all.
October 2013 INIS Training Seminar 3
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Bibliographic Databases (Types)Bibliographic Databases (Types)
• Bibliographic Databases: provide only citation or reference author(s), title, subject(s) and publisher..) and with this information you should be able to locate the item in the Library.
• Bibliographic with some full text content: these enhanced databases include keywords and abstracts and often, but not always, include the full text of an article.
• Bibliographic databases with full text content: these databases include the entire full text for all articles and other documents indexed.
October 2013 INIS Training Seminar 4
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Planning your searchPlanning your search
• “Understanding the Problem is Half of the Solution”
• Define precisely the information you are seeking
• Identify the concepts that represent the problem
October 2013 INIS Training Seminar 5
International Atomic Energy AgencyOctober 2013 INIS Training Seminar 6
Planning a search: examplePlanning a search: example
Risk of medical radiation exposure?
• To whom: to patients or doctors and medical technicians?
• If to patients: are you concerned about exposure due to radiodiagnostics (CT, X-ray..) or due to radiation therapy or both?
• If radiotherapy: are you concerned about radionuclide therapy or external irradiation therapy?
• If about personnel: are you interested about safety policy of medical establishements?
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Planning your search (Cont’d)Planning your search (Cont’d)
• Topic: Risk of radiation exposure of medical staff in a radiotherapy department
• Concepts:
• Exposure to radiation
• Medical staff
• Radiotherapy
• Are we looking for documents• In certain language, from certain country..
• Latest publications
• Only records with full text documents, or journal citations..?
October 2013 INIS Training Seminar 7
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IINIS Database FieldsIINIS Database Fields
• Numerical (Exact or Range search)• Year of publication (PY)
• Reference Number (RN)
• Free Text• Title (TI) Authors (AU)
• Source (SO) Abstract (AB)
• Controlled Vocabulary
• Language (LA)
• Country of Input (CO)
• Descriptors (DE)• Indexer-assigned descriptors (DEI)
• Computer-upposted descriptors (DEC)
October 2013 INIS Training Seminar 8
International Atomic Energy Agency
Search StrategySearch Strategy
• Simple search
• single search term or phrase• “Oncology” , “nuclear safety”
• Advanced search (combining concepts)• Boolean Operators: OR, AND, NOT
• Text Operators
any (includes any), all (includes all), exact phrase
• Numeric Operators
equal, more, less, more or equal, less or equal
• Truncation, Wildcard
• Multilingual Search
October 2013 INIS Training Seminar 9
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Query Syntax Query Syntax Google Search ApplianceGoogle Search Appliance
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Query FormulationQuery Formulation
• Translating your search concepts into proper search syntax
• For the Topic: Risk of radiation exposure of medical staff in a radiotherapy department• Simple to complex
• MEDICAL PERSONNEL (is a BT for RADIOLOGICAL PERSONNEL)
• OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE or OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY or RADIATION PROTECTION
• RADIOTHERAPY
• Try to search for individual terms and explore the database; you may identify other key concepts like radiation doses, ALARA, dose limits…
• Then combine them using boolean operators (and, or, not)
• Some databases allow you to combine searches while others allow you to combine your results during selection of records
October 2013 INIS Training Seminar 11
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Measuring Search EffectivenessMeasuring Search Effectiveness
• Precision & Recall
• Recall: the ratio of the number of relevant records retrieved to the total number of relevant records in the database.
October 2013 INIS Training Seminar 12
International Atomic Energy Agency
• Precision: the ratio of the number of
relevant records retrieved to the total
number of irrelevant and relevant records
retrieved.
• Precision and recall are
Inversely relatedHigh recall = comprehensive retrieval
but high noise
High Precision = only relevant records
but miss out good records
Source: http://www.creighton.edu/fileadmin/user/HSL/docs/ref/Searching_-_Recall_Precision.pdf
October 2013 INIS Training Seminar 13
International Atomic Energy Agency
Optimize your search strategyOptimize your search strategy
• Precision• Search in particular field
• Search in DEI (indexer assigned descriptor)
• Use exact Phrase
• Combine using “AND”
• Recall • Search across fields
• Combine synonyms, related terms, broad or general terms
• Use “any” or “all” words
• Optimise • Use your best judgment
• From simple to complex
October 2013 INIS Training Seminar 14
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Using your Query and search resultsUsing your Query and search results
•Selecting relevant records• select format (pdf/ html/excel..)
• Printing/saving
• Email search results
•Storing query• Save and run query
• Subscribe Feeds
October 2013 INIS Training Seminar 15