international air transport association and alternative...
TRANSCRIPT
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International Air Transport Association and
Alternative Aviation Fuels
Jorin Mamen, IATA Consultant Alternative Fuels
2nd UTIAS-MITACS Int’l Workshop on Aviation and Climate ChangeMay 27-28 2010
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About IATARepresents 230 airlines, 93% of airlines worldwideMission is to represent, lead and serve the airline industryTasks:
Safety procedures and auditsData analysis on various aspects of airlinesGuidance materialsAssigns airport and airline codesAccredits travel agentsClearing house for international flightsTraining and development, etc.
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Aviation EmissionsIn 2008, commercial aviation consumed 71 billion USG of fuel
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Four-Pillar Environmental StrategyTechnology
Investing in technologyOperations
Improving operational efficiencyInfrastructure
Building and improving efficient infrastructureEconomics
Carbon offsets, emissions trading
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Emissions Reduction Roadmap
2005 20502020
No action
2030 2040
-50% by 2050
CO2emissions
2010
Business as usual emissionsGross emissions trajectory
(schematic)
650 MT
62005 20502020
TechOpsInfra
No action
2030 2040
-50% by 2050
CO2emissions
2010
Business as usual emissionsKnown technology, operations and infrastructure measuresCarbon-neutral growth 2020Gross emissions trajectory
CNG 2020
(schematic)
72005 20502020
TechOpsInfra
No action
CNG 2020
2030 2040
-50% by 2050
CO2emissions
2010
Business as usual emissionsKnown technology, operations and infrastructure measuresBiofuels and additional technologyCarbon-neutral growth 2020Gross emissions trajectoryEconomic measures
Biofuels + add. Tech
(schematic)
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IATA Report on Alternative FuelsReleased annually - 5th edition in 2010
Available free on line
Summarizes advances in aviation biofuels
Input / updates from industry stakeholders
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IATA Report on Alternative FuelsTopicsProduction processes
Emissions
Sustainability
Economics
Specifications
Flight Trials
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What Are Aviation Biofuels?Fuels that resemble typical jet fuel
Dozens of varieties
Extremely strict standards for properties such as:DensityFreeze pointFlash pointEtc.
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Renewable Sources
Plant matterVegetable oilsAnimal fatsAlgae
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3rd Quarter 2010Hydrogen treatment
Conventional oil crops, Camelina, Jatropha, Halophytes, Algae
HydroprocessedRenewable Jet (HRJ)
Fermentation
Gasification/Fischer-Tropsch
Process
2011+SugarsFermented Renewable Jet (FRJ)
Attained 2009Energy crops, forestry residues, municipal waste
Biomass-to-Liquid (BTL)
CertificationEnergy Source
Fuels from Renewable Sources
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Jet Fuels Must Be CertifiedASTM D1655 – US standard for jet fuel
Def Stan 91/91 – UK Military Standard
AFQRJOS – EU Civilian Fuel Quality Requirement
Others (Russian, etc.)
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Alternative Fuel Test Flight Program
50% one engineCamelina23 Nov 2009GE, Honeywell UOPB747-400
50% one engineAlgae and Jatropha
7 Jan 2009Boeing,GE Aviation,CFM, Honeywell UOP
B737-800
BlendAlt FuelDatePartnersAircraftCarrier
Gas to liquid(not biofuel)
Gas to liquid(not biofuel)
Camelina, Jatropha, Algae blend
Jatropha
Coconut & Babassu
20% one engine23 Feb 2008Boeing, GE AviationB747-400
40% two engines30 April 2010RentechA319
50% four engines12 Oct 2009Airbus, ShellA340-600
50% one engine30 Jan 2009Boeing,Pratt & Whitney,Honeywell UOP
B747-300
50% one engine30 Dec 2008Boeing,Rolls-Royce
B747-400
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Scheduled Alternative Fuel Flights
TBCSalicornia2011CFM, Safran, EADS, Airbus, Honeywell
A320
BlendAlt fuelDatePartnersAircraftCarrier
Sugars
TBC
Jatropha TBC2H 2010Airbus, CFMA320
TBC1H 2012Embraer, Amyris, GEE190
TBC2010Airbus, IAE, Honeywell
A320
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BioJet Uptake Scenarios
Source: E4tech0%
10%20%30%40%50%60%70%80%90%
100%
2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045 2050
Proportion of jet demand
High
Central (high)
Central (low)
Low
Very low
18 Source: IEA
Impact on production costs of each doubling of capacity-30
-25
-20
-15
-10
-5
0
GTCCpower
(1991-97)
Gasturbines(1958-63)
Solar PV(1968-98)
Ethanol(1979-95)
Coal(1975-93)
Windturbine
(1990-98)
Nuclearpower
(1975-93)
% c
ost r
educ
tion
19Source: IATA, IEA, various biofuel studies
0.00
0.20
0.40
0.60
0.80
1.00
1.20
2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030
US$
per
litr
e
BTL cost
BTL cost
HRJ cost
Jet kerosene
Jet + costof carbon
HRJ cost
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AVIATION BIOFUELS
LAND USE
FOOD CROPS
FRESH WATER
ENERGY USE
AVIATION BIOFUELS
IATA working with Roundtable on Sustainable Biofuels
Sustainability pressures
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What Is IATA Working On?
2010 Report on Alternative FuelsGuidance materials for airportsDatabase of biofuel producersNew reporting procedures for biofuel useNew model aviation fuel purchase agreements for biofuelIATA Fuel Forum
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The Way Forward
Agree to common sustainability standardsAgree to common carbon lifecycle calculationsDemonstrate airline demandIncrease crop yieldsScale up production capacitySupport from governments
R&DDemonstration plantsCommercialization/implementation
