internal processing in sla
DESCRIPTION
Second Language AcquisitionTRANSCRIPT
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INTERNAL PROCESSING
Presented by
Kartika Ajeng ARani Yusnita
Source: Language Two (Author)Heidi Dulay , Marina Burt , Stephen Krashen
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Internal Processing:
Filter Organizer MonitorLANGUAGE ENVIRONMENT
Learner’s Verbal Performance
Subconsciousconscious
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THE FILTERIt screens incoming language based on
what psychologists call “affect”
Motivation
Emotional states
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Which target language models the learner will select
Which parts of the language will be attended to first
When language acquisition efforts should cease
How fast a learner can acquire a language
THE FILTER
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MOTIVATION
• The desire to achieve proficiency in a new language in order to participate in the life of community that speaks the language
Integrative Motivation
• The desire to achieve proficiency in a new language for utilitarian reasons, such as getting a job
Instrumental Motivation
• The desire to acquire proficiency in a language or language variety spoken by a social group with which the learner identifies
Social Group Identification
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MOTIVATIONHigh motivation acts to let the learner absorb a maximal amount of the
target language
Motivation acts to filter out parts of the language that are not important to
the learner
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EMOTIONAL STATESThe less anxious the learner, the better language acquisition proceeds; Relaxed and comfortable
students can learn more in shorter periods of time
Relaxation# Students’ relaxed
mental state# “twilight state”
Anxiety
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THE ORGANIZER
The learner’s gradual organization of the new language system
It is the “cognitive” principles : analytical and logical criteria for the organization of knowledge and behaviour
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THE ORGANIZER
Transitional constructions that learner use before a structure finally acquired
The errors that systematically occur in learner speech
The common order in which mature structures are learned
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Transitional Constructions
The structures learners regularly use during acquisition of a particular language structures
It the most important indicator s of the force of the organizer in controlling the language acquisition process
The development of these structures can be characterized by general linguistic principles
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LEARNERS’ ERRORS
• The flawed side of learner speech or writingError•Provides data from which inferences about the nature of the language TL process can be made•Indicates which part of the target language students have most difficulty and which error types detract learner’s ability to communicate
Function
•(1) Omitting grammatical morphemes; (2) double marking; (3) regularizing rules; (4) Using archiforms; (5) Using two or more forms in random alternation; (6) misordering
Types
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The Acquisition Order of Structures
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SO, the Organizer…
A guide for the acquisition process, limiting what can be learned to new material that fits into the growing
organization of the new language system
A regulatory mechanism which permits the gradual and systematic growth that has been observed for L2
acquisition in natural and formal settings
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The Monito
r
part of internal
system for conscious linguistic
processing
formulate sentences speech and
writing correction
Learners’ ageThe amount of
formal instruction
experiencedThe task’s
nature and focus required The individual
personality
Krashen’s Monitor
Adult verbal performance
Piaget – formal operations
(around puberty)
Formal thinker
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Formal thinker
think abstractly about language
conceptualize lingusitic
generalizations
mentally manipulate
abstract linguistic
categories
construct and understand a
theory of a language
(grammar)
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The scope of monitor use
Linguistictask
• Manipulation; directs the student’s attention to the linguistic operation – encourage monitoring
• Communication; focuses the student’s attention on communicating an idea rather than on the language forms
Formal
instruction
• The monitor makes conscious editing of one’s language• Subconsciously acquired grammar edit by feel
The learner’s personali
ty
• Self-confidence; anxiety level and extroversion• Empathy; less rigid person seems to learn L2 easier than
authoritarian learner• Analytical tendencies; field independent (analytical, left-
brained) and field dependent (holistic, empathic and open personality)
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Foreign Language Aptitude
Phonetic coding
ability
• The ability to store new language sounds in memory• No clear relationship with the components of the organizer
Grammatic
al sensitivity
• The ability to demonstrate awareness of the syntactical patterning of sentences in a language
• Involves a conscious meta-awareness of grammar
Inductive
ability
• The ability to examine language material and identify patterns of correspondence and relationships of grammatical form
• The goal is to discover an explicit abstract set of rules
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