CASE STUDY 1

Youth inclusionfactors in

community tourismin Pampalarama

SustainableCommunity Tourism

and communitypar�cipa�on in

Chalcaltaya

The poten�al for sustainable and

community tourism in Llaullini

Interna�onal Seminar 2017Sustainable Community Tourism

La Paz, BoliviaResearch Summary

CASE STUDY 2 CASE STUDY 3

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TABLEOFCONTENTS

TheInternationalSeminar.......................................................................................................................2

Casestudyn°1:YouthinclusionfactorsincommunitytourisminPampalarama.........................3

CaseStudyn°2:SustainableCommunityTourismandcommunityparticipationinChalcaltaya7

CaseStudyn°3:Thepotentialforsustainableandcommunitytourisminthecommunity.....11

SummaryofRecommendations..........................................................................................................15

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TheInternationalSeminarThisdocumentprovidesasummaryof researchconductedaspartof the71st InternationalSeminaronSustainableCommunityTourism,heldinBoliviainJuly2017.TheSeminarwasorganizedbyUniterra,aprogram jointly implemented by World University Service of Canada (WUSC) and the Centre forInternationalStudiesandCooperation(CECI),andfundedbytheGovernmentofCanadathroughGlobalAffairsCanada. Themainobjectiveofthe InternationalSeminar is toenableyoungpeoplefromvariousregionsoftheworld to collaborate through a research project with local partners on issues for sustainabledevelopment, thus strengthening partners’ capacities to improve the socio-economic conditions ofwomenandyoungpeopleinAfrica,LatinAmerica,andAsia. InthecaseofBolivia,theworkwassupportedbytheMunicipalGovernmentofLaPazthroughitsAgency“LaPazMaravillosa”andUniversidadCatólicaBoliviana–SanPablothroughthemajorofTourismAdministration.

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Casestudyn°1:“Wehaveplacesthatdonotcomparetothecity”:Youthinclusion

factorsincommunitytourism.Case:Pampalarama.

TheStudyAreaThe Pampalarama lodge is a communityinitiative established by members of thecommunity of Chacaltaya with a concept ofcommunitymanagement.ThisinitiativeislocatedinthemunicipalityofLaPaz, to thenorthof the city, and ispartof theHampaturi Rural District; in the foothills of theCharquiniandWilamankilisanimountains.The community consists of 70 families,approximately48ofwhichlive in the cityof LaPaz.Themaineconomicactivitiesofthecommunityinclude mining, camelid farming and peat(organicsoilusedasfertilizer).

TheResearchThemainobjectiveoftheresearchistodescribeand analyze community tourism activity in thecommunity of Chacaltaya and in itsPampalarama venture, as well as its influenceonthelocalpopulation.The research was guided by the followingobjectives:• Identifythepotentialfortourismthatisnot

beingleveragedinthestudyarea.• Identify the perception in the Chacaltaya

community regarding tourism, protectionand conservation of culture, environmentandtraditions.

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• Identify the level of youth engagementinthetouristactivitiesofChacaltaya.

Thehypothesisthatguidedtheresearchis“Thetourist activity in Pampalarama can becharacterized as community tourism, thanks tothe tourism potential identified and thereduction of youth migration through theinclusionofthispopulationgroup.”The following variables and indicators areaddressed:1.Communitypotential:

• Tourism(attractions)• Tourism(otherelements)• Environment

2.Youthmigration:• Employment• Senseofbelonginginthecommunity• Education• Sentimental ties and their influence on

migration3.Youthinclusion:

• Culturalidentification• Youthandskillsdevelopment• Genderequality• The elderly and their ancestral

knowledge• Employmentopportunities

MethodologyTo verify the hypothesis, the research wasconducted using a inductive method.Information was compiled through directobservations in the selected community,individual interviews, and focus groups withcommunity members. The research has beendeveloped based on the mixed model, sinceboth quantitative and qualitative approacheswereusedindatacollection.ResultsTourismPotentialStructured observation, compared with theresultsofthecommunity,showsthattheregionhasimportanttourismpotential,partofwhichis

beingleveraged.However,otherattractionsarenotvisitedbytourists,suchasthefollowing:

• Last´imaHillviewpoint• Tambo• CraftWorkshop• MedicinalWorkshop• VisitorCenter• CamelidCareWorkshop• MiningComplex

ElementsofCommunityTourismWithin the definition of community tourism,only some elements are consideredfundamental for this research: Beneficial andrespectfulrelationshipbetweentouristsandthecommunity.The study shows that 76% of communitymembers consider an exchange of knowledge,experience and customs with visitors aspositive.70% have a positive perception of tourists,compared to only 2.9% of respondents whohave a negative perception; the positiveperception is basedmainly on the potential togenerateaneconomicgain;47%ofrespondentsbelieve that tourists do not get to know thecommunityandgodirectlytothelodge.Oneofthemostrevealingresultsindicatesthat53% of the respondents perceive that theyreceive some benefit from the tourist visits,comparedto35%whobelievethattheydonotreceive any benefits; demonstrating a very lowinterrelationship between tourists and thecommunity.Use and Conservation of the Community’sHeritageAn assessment of the attractions was carriedout,togeneratingarankingtoidentifythemostimportant attractions for the residents,:Murmuntani Hill, Wilamankilisani Mountain,PatalaramaandEncantolagoons.However, it isrecognizedthattheoveralluseisverylow.

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The study shows that the community assigns agreatervaluetonaturalandheritageattractionsfrom a tourist perspective compared to othercommunityuses,suggestingthatitsvaluationissubject toaconsumptivevalue,whichprovidesan opportunity to create interestingconservationstrategies.On the other hand, the research found thatdespite significant migration, communitymembers are proud of their culture andperceive that there areunique aspects to theircommunity.YouthMigrationTourism has the potential to reduce migrationby promoting sources of employment in thecommunity.The lack of a secondary school is one of themost complicated barriers to achievingcommunity retention, and impacts the currentimpossibility of the initiative to generatesufficientincometoengagemoreyouth.On the other hand, research shows thatalthough young people in the communityperceive that there aremore job opportunitiesin the city, the quality of life is, according tothem,betterinthecommunity.In termsofemploymentand jobopportunities,thisisperceivedastheonlyreasontoleavethecommunity. All the participants of the study,i.e.,youthunder35yearsofage,indicatethatiftourism activity were greater, sources ofemployment would increase and this wouldallowaradicalreductionofmigration.We analyzed factors of belonging, includinglanguage, which shows that the elderlypopulationusesAymaraastheirmainmeansofcommunication, while its use is decreasingamongyoungpeople.Althoughtheyunderstandit perfectly, youth tend to communicate inSpanish – a factor that could affect thecommunity, but would also facilitatecommunicationwithtourists.

Young people perceive the community as auniqueandspecialplace,feelprideintheirlandand are interested in sharing their experienceswith tourists. 89% of young people who weresurveyed feel that they are part of thecommunity.InclusionandInvolvementCurrently, only 6 people from the communityparticipate in tourism activities, and it isperceived as an alternative to rural exodus foryoungpeople.Analysis of the Elements of CommunityTourismItwasevidentthatthemanagementmodelhasnotprioritizedawideparticipation.Communitymembers generally do not perceiveopportunities for participation, and evenpartners directly involved in the project arelackingadequateinformation.Community initiatives shouldprovide, in returnthe use and enjoyment of the territory and itsattractions,abenefit thatalthoughmaynotbeeconomic, should reach all members of thecommunity whether they are partners ornot. However, it is clear that the communitydoes not receive benefits from the lodge. Theonly advantage perceived by the community isthat tourismhasat least led tosomepeople inthe city learning about the existence of thecommunity.In terms of improving the quality of life in thecommunity, this is recognised asa factor inyouth retention,yetmigrationpersistsbecausetherearenosignificantchanges.Conclusions79% of the people surveyed stated that theywould be interested in havingmore tourists inthe community, leveragingtheir naturalattractions and way of life to encourageexperience-basedtourism.

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The insufficient income generated by tourismactivitiesdoesnotallowforthedevelopmentofeithergreaterbenefitsoremploymentsources,whichconsequentlyhasnotmanagedtoreversethetrendofemigration.The lack of communication and informationregarding the tourism initiativeprovided to thecommunityhasbrokenthechannelsoftrustandtheperceptionoftransparency.Although the project may have started as acommunity tourism initiative, lack ofcommunication and low income generationhavedamagedtheinitiative.Therefore, the proposed hypothesis is nottestedsince itdoesnotcomplywithanyoftheselectedvariables.RecommendationsCommunication: It is necessary to improve thecommunication not only between the initiativeand the community, but also between theinitiativeandthetourists.Marketing: Investments must be made in webmarketing. The web page is out-dated, the

Facebook page is not updated, and it isnecessary to generate information onTripadvisor,Booking,etc.Signage: Signage on the trails as well as roadsignsareinsufficient,andaccesstothelocationisdifficult.AdministrationandNewRelationships:There isapressingneedtohavespecializedpersonnelinplaceformarketingtoimprovecommunication,aswellasworkingwiththestudentmarketinLaPaz which represents 36% of the market lastyear.Infrastructure: It is essential to improveelectricity services, the use of dry toilets, andheatingintherooms.Security:Recreationservicesmustbeimproved,especiallyforboatsandaccesstotrails.Transportation: Regular transportation to thelodgeshouldbeprovidedtofacilitatethearrivaloftourists.Training: There is a clear need to developtraining processes for Pampalarama to besuccessful, mainly in cooking, hygiene, tourguidesandforeignlanguages.

Thisstudywasconductedby:ErikaApazaChirino,RachelBerman,NicoleGonzalesCastrillo,FrédériqueLefort,FallonMawhinney,JordanMyles,WilsonPomaCalle.AcademicSupervisor:MarceloArze

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CaseStudyn°2:Sustainablecommunitytourismanditsrelationshipwithcommunity

participation.Case:Chacaltaya.

TheStudyAreaThe community of Chacaltaya is located 25kilometresaway from thecityof LaPaz, at theheadwatersof theChoqueyapuRiver, themainbodyofwaterthatcrossesthecity.Chacaltaya is an indigenous communityinhabitedby70familiesofAymaraorigin.In2006,thecommunitystartedconstructionofa tourist lodge capitalizing on the beautifullandscape,bringingtogetherthemountainsandthePampalaramalagoon.Thisprojectsoughttoconsolidate a community-based participatoryeconomic initiative. The venture so far has notestablishedapositioninthemarketandthelowprofits generated concern the communitymembers.

TheResearchThis research’s main topic is “Sustainablecommunity tourism and its relationship withcommunity participation in the case of thecommunityofChacaltaya-Pampalarama”.The hypothesis that guided the research is“Community tourism practices in Chacaltayameetthecharacteristicsofsustainabilityaswellas favouring the participation of thecommunity.”The general objective was to establish theextenttowhichcommunitytourismpracticesinChacaltaya meet the characteristics ofsustainability as well as favouring theparticipationofthecommunity.

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For the development of the research, twovariables and their respective dimensionswereconsidered: sustainability (economic, social andenvironmental) and participation (decision-makingprocess,levelofparticipationandequityindecision-making).Theresultsofthisresearcharehighlightedbelow.MethodologyTo verify the hypothesis, the research wasconducted using a deductive method.Information was compiled through directobservations in the selected community,individual interviews, focus groups withcommunity members, and a quantitativetechniquethroughsurveys.ResultsRelatedtoSustainabilityThe results obtained from the research showthat the initiative has not yet achievedsustainability, understanding that it must bebased on the following aspects: business-economic,socio-cultural,andenvironmental.Businesseconomicpillar:Theincomeearnedbytourist activity is not enough to generateeconomicbenefitsorprofitsforthepartnersorthecommunity.The administration of the venture falls on asingle family; it has been determined that theadministration was not formally establishedwithin the cost structure and there is noperiodic accountability process. As aconsequence, this practice generatessusceptibilityanddistrustfromthepartnersandthecommunity.Methods used for financing the project,including the support of themunicipality, havegeneratedanexternaldependenceoneconomicresources, in particular for investment ininfrastructureandequipment, aswell as in thesubsidizationofmarketingprocesses,whichhasnot allowed for the empowerment of the

members to perform these actionsautonomously.The study has determined inconsistencybetween market objectives and real demand.The current market of the initiative is theinternal market, mainly people of La Paz.Nevertheless the promotional marketing hasadvertised to foreign tourists and has not hadtheexpectedsuccess.Socio-cultural pillar: The venture shows a gapbetweenbusinessmanagementandcommunitydynamics, manifesting itself in an absence ofspaces for dialogue, communication, andinvolvement between the business andcommunitymembers.This is an obvious gap. On the one hand, thecommunitypresentsneedsfortheirlivelihoods,especially in basic services such as drinkingwater, sanitation system, health, roadinfrastructure, and garbage collection. Thebusiness couldplay a better role in respondingtotheseneeds.On the other hand, if better leveraged, thecultureofthecommunityhasahighpotentialtobecome an asset for tourism. The communityalso recognizes that tourism would have thepotential to value their traditions, ways of lifeandculture.Environmentalpillar: The community shows aninadequatemanagement of solid waste, whichresultsinadeteriorationofattractiveness.The need to have territorial planning andorganization of the economic practices of thecommunity is evidential, particularly as othereconomic activities, including the extraction ofpeatandmining,haveanegativeimpactontheenvironment.Part of the analysis carried out by thecommunity is that they perceive that nationaltourists are the ones that deteriorate theenvironment, including the wetlands of the

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community. The perspective is that it is thetourists’ garbage that contaminates the riversandotherbodiesofwater,whichhasgeneratedanaversiontotourists.It is important to highlight the sustainablepracticesthatarebeingcarriedoutinthelodge,including responsible consumption, the use ofrenewable energy (when the system is inoperation), and a sewagemanagement systemsuitablefortheinstalledcapacity.Ontheotherhand,a fundamentalcontributionof the community enterprise is theenvironmental education provides to visitors,showing the importance of conserving watersources.ResultsRelatedtoParticipationCommunity ventures require the activeparticipation of a community interest group,whichgeneratesbenefits for the inhabitantsasawhole.The processes of decision-making andparticipatory consultation have been – overtime – losing their importance. Channels ofcommunicationareclosingbetweenthepeoplewhoperformtheadministrationoftheinitiativeand the community, generating distrust andindifferenceinthecommunity.According to the evaluation of the levels ofparticipationofthecommunity,wecanobservethat the concept of the venture has greatacceptance and the potential to generatebenefits is valued by the community.Wewereabletoidentifyaparticipationinterestbasedonthe conviction of the benefits and sources ofworkthatcouldbegeneratedfromthisactivity.However, a low level of involvement in theprovision, administration, and management ofserviceswasalsoidentified.Anotherelementofanalysisofparticipationwasequity in decision-making. In tourism, theparticipation of women is particularly

important,asthesectorisoftenassociatedwithfemale gender roles, unlike other economicalternatives,suchasmining,whichareculturallyassociatedwithmalegenderroles.Itshouldbenotedthatalthoughthereisaclearinterest of young people to participate in theinitiative, no spaces have been created forthem.Thismakesitimpossibleforyouthtobeapartofthedecision-makingprocesses.ConclusionsThevariablesanalyzedshowthat:

1. The minimum requirements ofsustainabilityhavenotbeenmetbytheinitiative.

2. The participation process of differentcommunity interest groups is minimal.Therefore the criteria for being acommunityventurehavenotbeenmet.

Therefore, the hypothesis proposed for thisinvestigation, “Community tourism practices inChacaltaya meet the characteristics ofsustainability as well as favouring theparticipationofthecommunity”isfalse.However, within the management process,therearecharacteristicsthatmaketheinitiativepotentially sustainable. To achievesustainability, it will be necessary to makechanges inthecommunityengagementprocessand businessmanagement.Market focusmustbe improvedandstrategiesmustbedevelopedtoincreasetheopportunitiesforparticipationofcommunitymembers.It is also evident that the economic income ofthe initiative is insufficient to generate greaterparticipation and as such, is affecting itssustainability.To improve income generation, demand-drivenapproaches must be developed that allow forimprovedbusinessmanagement.

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In thesameway, it is important to thinkaboutan equitable development between thecommunity and the lodge, which assures theprovision of basic services in the community,approaching the economic venture with thesocialreality.In environmental terms, it is necessary to gaingreater control over tourist flows in order toensure sustainable management ofenvironmentalresources.RecommendationsInrelationtothereceptivetourismmarket,thelocationofthecommunitymustbeconsidered.The initiative is outside natural tourist routes,which is why it is a priority to work in thenationalmarketto identifypotentialaudiences,inordertoensureacontinuousflowoftourists.However, the conditions of access to thecommunitymustbe improved,with a focusondomestictravelroutes.

Another fundamental aspect is theimprovement of communications between theinitiative and the community. Otherwise, thedivision between the two might grow,preventing further development of theinitiative.There-establishmentofparticipatoryprocessesbetween the community and the economicinitiative is fundamental to ensuring greatersustainabilityof the initiative. It is important toensurestrategies forgreaterparticipationofallmembers of the community in the decisionsthatmainlyconcerngroupssuchaswomenandyouth.It is also important to generate and recognizebenefitstothecommunitythroughthetourisminitiative. These benefits should not only beeconomic. Factors such as empowerment,cultural rescue, and others, can be equallyimportantbenefitstothecommunity.

Thisstudywasconductedby:AlbertoEspinoza,MélodieGuay-Hébert,IvethGuzman,VaniaMelendez,ValériePaquette,JessicaRenaud,PaolaSanchez.AcademicSupervisor:MarceloArze

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CaseStudyn°3:Thepotentialforsustainableandcommunitytourisminthe

communityofLlaullini.

TheStudyAreaThe community of Llaullini is located in thefoothills of theHuaynaPotosimountain,whichis6,088metersabovesea levelandhasoneofthehighesttouristflowinBolivia.Nearby, along theViscachani Lagoon (about25minutesbyvehiclefromthebaseoftheHuaynaPotosi, in thecommunityofBotijlaca),asimplelodge has been built to accommodate tourists,with the intention of generating a flow ofvisitors among those who arrive at HuaynaPotosí. This shelter has been financed by theMunicipalGovernmentofLaPaz,throughfundsfromtheMunicipalOfficeofZongo.

TheResearchThe research was guided by the followingobjectives:GeneralObjectiveTo determine Llaullini’s potential for thedevelopment of community tourism initiatives,for the purposes of sustainable developmentandyouthinclusion.SpecificObjectives• Evaluatethelevelofinterestforcommunity

tourism, from both the community(executionerof theactivity)and the tourist(potentialdemand)perspectives.

• Determinewhetherexistingactivities,basicservices, infrastructure, and naturalenvironments could contribute to the

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developmentofanauthenticdestinationfortourists.

• Analyze the tourist situation in thecommunity of Llaullini, regarding ventures(successes and failures) and the currentcontributions of different actors in thecommunity.

• Identifywhichimprovementsmustbemadein relation to the services, infrastructure,and attractions of Llaullini to enhance theflowof tourists and increase visitors to thecommunity.

Thehypothesisthatguidedtheresearchis“Theperception of the community and potentialtourists isthatcommunitytourisminLlaullini ispotentiallysustainableandattractive”.The analysis to test the hypothesis wasperformed based on the variables associatedwith the conceptof community tourism,whichwasusedintheSeminar:“Community tourism is a form of organizationfortheprovisionoftourismservicesinwhichallor a group of members of the community areinvolved, based on an agreement with thecommunityandcomplyingwithcommunityandtouristregulations;whichusestourismresourcesin a sustainable manner in its territory,promoting the value and conservation of itsheritage and generating a specific benefit forthe entire community and which allowsimproving the living conditions of allmembers,while establishing a respectful and mutuallybeneficial relationship with visitors.” (Arze,2016)Variables that allowed the researchers touncover theperceptionsof thecommunityandpotential tourists were chosen from the aboveconceptandinclude:• Tourismsustainability• Communitytourism• Attractivepotential

MethodologyTo prove this hypothesis, the research wasconducted using an inductive method.Information was compiled through directobservations in the selected community andthrough individual interviews with communitymembers and tourists. The research has beendeveloped based on the mixed model, sinceboth quantitative and qualitative approacheswereusedindatacollection.ResultsThe research revealed trends in theperceptionof the community in relation to tourism. Themajority–58%–ofpeoplesurveyedexpresseda high interest in participating in this type ofeconomic activity, while 34% expressed anaverageinterest.Trainingneedsthatthecommunityperceivesasnecessary were also evaluated. The mostfrequently suggested needs were: gastronomy(26%),languages(26%),touristcustomerservice(14%), and tour guide training (10%), amongothers.The analysis carried out in the communityshows that there is an interest in potentialbenefits for the community generatedbytourism in Huayna Potosí. 27% ofrespondents believe that these benefits shouldbedistributedtothecommunity,while11%saythat the benefits are only for certainmembersof the community. 35% of respondents statethattourismdoesnotgenerateprofits.Analysiswasalsocarriedoutwithtourists:100%of respondents expressed interest in living acommunitytourismexperience.ResultsRelatedtoCommunityTourismItwas determined – based upon the results ofthe research– that the tourismactivity carriedout in the study area cannot be consideredcommunity tourism, due to different factors,

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including the low participation of thecommunity, in particular low level of youthengagement. An equal distribution of benefitsthat generates an impact in the communitiessimplydoesnotexist.Whilethereisawillingnessinthecommunitytodeveloptourisminasustainablemanner, thereis an expectation regarding basic services,access to potential of tourist attractions in thearea.ResultsRelatedtoSustainabilityThesustainabilityanalysiswascarriedouttakingintoaccountthepotentialoftouristactivity:Environmental:Theresidentsexpressedconcernabouttheenvironmentaldegradationcausedbytourism, due to the absence of good practicesandadequateplanning.Economic: The analysis shows that the level ofpoverty is not critical and that tourismhas thepotential to become an engine of economicdevelopment.Social: Therearesufficientsocialpracticesthatcouldcontributetodecision-makingandprojectdevelopment with a perspective that favoursinclusion.Results Related to the Potential of TouristAttractivenessThestudyshowsthattouristsconsideravisittothe community of Llaullini as an interestingcomplement to their travels. They valueenvironmental awareness and protection,hospitalityandqualityofservicesaskeyfactorsfor success. Meanwhile, the communityconsiders itself as a tourist attraction and thestudy reveals a willingness of its members toprovideservicestovisitors.ConclusionsThe research conducted and the hypothesistesting show that there is no local tourismmanagement that complies with the minimum

elements to be considered as communitytourism. However, residents believe in thetourism potential of their community fordevelopment,aswellasaninterestonthepartofthetourists.The analysis conducted shows that in order toachieveasuccessfulinitiative,theprojectmust:Carryout long-termplanning thatpromotesanauthenticandcompetitivedestination,usingthecommunity’sgreateststrengths:thecultureandnature.Generate a gradual implementation scheme, inordertoguidethedevelopmentofallaspectsoftheinitiativeinaharmoniousmanner.It is essential to consider the central role ofyouth as catalysts, in the planning, executionandoperationoftheinitiative.Implementing organizations must promotecontinuous and committed assistance from theplanning stage, through investment andadequate human resources, to avoid scenariosthatcouldhindertheprocess.RecommendationsfortheCommunityThe budget ought to be used as efficiently aspossible, with a focus on a process thatmaximizesthebenefitsforthecommunity.It is essential to promote partnerships andcooperationwith theother communities in thearea, in order to generate complementaryalternatives.It is important to have regular transportationandcommunicationservicesinLlaullini.Determine anddevelop an authentic attractionthat highlights the community, including dailyactivities as a potential attraction for thetourismexperience.Create and generate spaces to facilitateeffectiveyouthparticipation.

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RecommendationsforimplementersConduct long-term tourism planning with thecommunity, which includes an effectivemarketingandpromotionstrategy.Promote inclusion projects among universitystudentsandyouthfromthecommunity.Intervene in regulation and monitoring frommunicipal authorities (e.g. charging fees totourists) and more rigorous control over thecertificationofmountainguides.Implement a road signage system and visitortrails.

Thisstudywasconductedby:

CafiaDaherAbdi,StéphanieHamel,LydiaMazel,CamilaRuizR.,AndreaSirpa,GabriellaStien,LuisFernandoVelarde.

AcademicSupervisor:MarceloArze

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SummaryofRecommendations

Developstructuredplansdetailingtheenterprises’strategiestomaketherightdecisionsandachievetheobjectivesgradually.

Generatespacesforcommunicationbetweencommunitiesandtourismventurestoimprovetheparticipationofcommunitiesinthetourismsector.

Strengthentrustbetweenadultsandyouthtoensuremoreemploymentopportunitiesandreducetheruralexodus.

Establishstrategiclinkswithinstitutionsthatcansupportthedevelopmentofcommunitytourism.

Createstrategiclinkswithothercommunitieswithwhichthereisacomplementarityofservices.

Diversifythetouristoffer,toattractnotonlyforeigntouristsbutalsoBoliviantouristsandguaranteeacontinuoustouristflow.

Developalistofinterestingtouristattractionsincommunities(medicinalplants,hotsprings,trails,festivals,etc.)

Improvetheinfrastructureofhostels(electricity,bathrooms,heating)tomakethestaymorepleasant.

Traincommunitymembersinareassuchascooking,hygiene,guidesandforeignlanguagestoimprovecustomerservice.

Raiseawarenessamongthecommunitiesregardingtheproblemofwastemanagementtopreservetheenvironment.

Ensurethesafetyoftourists,rigorouslycontrollingthecertificationofmountainguidesandimprovingrecreationalservices.

Useculturalwealthasatouristattractionandasatooltorevaluethelocalculturethatisbeinglost.

Developexternalcommunicationsandonlinemarketingstrategiessothatinformationaboutthecommunityreachestourists.

Improvetransportservicesandsignagetofacilitatetheaccessoftouriststocommunities.

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