intermediate vocabulary... · introduction intermedlate vocabulary ls for students who atready have...

Interm ediateVocabulary

B J Thom as

Nelson

www.IELTS4U.blogfa.com

Thomas Nelson and Nons LtdNeison House Mayfleld RoadW alton-on-n ames SurreyKF12 5Pt. UK51 York PlaceEdlnburghEH1 3JD UK

Thomas Nelson (Hong Kong) LtdToppan Bslldlng 10/F22A Westlands RoadQuarry Bay Hong Kong@ B.p. Tbomas 1986

Flrst publlshed by Edward Arnold (Publlshers) ttd 1986.Reprlnted four tlmes. ISBN 0-7131-8427-2Thls edltlon publlshed by Thomas Nelson and Sons Ltd 1990ISBN 0-17-556144-3NPN 9 8 7 6 5A1l rlghts reserved. No paragraph of thls publlcatlon may bereproduc ,ed aoplad or transmltted save wlth written permlsslonor ln accordanc: with.the proMislons of the Copyrlght, Deslgn andPatents Act 1988, or under the terms of any llcenco permlttlngIlmlted copylng lsskled by the Copyrlght Licensing Agency, 90

' Tottenham Court Road, LondonfzWlp 9HE.Any parson who does any unauthorised act In relation to thlspubllcatlon may be llable to crlmlnal grosecutlon and clvll claimsfor damages.

Prlnted ln Hong Kong.

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Contents

lntroduction

Topics

Air Travel----s, Bank Accounts----6, Books and Reading.---7, Cars.-..8,Cinema and Films..-.9, Doctors and Hospitals

,---lo, Education--..ll,Electlons and Government-..-lz, Flats and Houses..-,13, Food andRestauranls-,,-l4, Gambling, Smoklng and Drinking

----ls, Industry andAgriculture-,--l6, lnternatlonal Relations

-.--l7, Law and Ordor,..-18,Music....19, Natural Disasters----zo, Publlc Transpoq,--,zl , Romance

and Marriage----p7, Shopping....23j Sport,...24, Televisîon andNewspapers-.--zs, Theatre.-..26, Travel,,..27, W ar-...28, WelfareState....29, W ork, , ..30

Mini Topics

Argument, Sadnass, Nervousness....al , Success, Fame? Pride..,.32,Birth, Childhood and Adolescencej Death....33, Advertlslng, Art,Ph

ctograyhy.,,.34, Mllitary Service Police, Security Work..,,35, ThelCountryslde, The Seaside, Mounta1ns,...36, Electrîcal Appliances, TheTelephone, Computeis....37, Factory W ork

, Office Work, A Strike....38

Related W ord Groups

Sounds, Animal Sounds,,.,39, Human Sounds, Ways of Looking....40,W alking, Body Movements.,..4l , Containers....zo, Furnlture and

Fittings....43, Connectors....4W, Tools....45r Vehicles, Bicycle....46,Collective Nouns, Young AnimaIs....47, Law Breakers.,,.4f,Occupat(ons....49, Male and Female

, PeopIe....50, Clothes....51, Partsoflhq Bqdy,!,s52, Pqnctuation Marks and-printingj British, . ygagtj ysmiyyjg s s o oggy utjayjjjtjggy gjjaqsgs s o ogy

Word Building

Prefixes....55, Suffixes.,..s8r Nouns made from verbs....60, Nounsmade from adjectives.e..68, Adjectives made from nouns....72,Adjectives made from verb

s....74s Verbs made from nouns..-.75, Verbsmade ffom adjectives....76

Speciallzed Vocabulary

Formal Words....77I Slang and Colloquial W ords....79& AmericanWords....80, Newspaper Headlines....8l. Abbreviations.,..8z

Pairs of Words Often Confused....84

il t,!!.... E$ 6)


INTRO DUCTION

Intermedlate Vocabulary ls for students who atready have a reasonablecommand of the basic structures of Engllsh and who now wish to expand thelrvocabulary. lt can be used both in the classroom and at home. lt glvesinvaluable assistance to students preparlng for the Cambrldge First Cerllficatein Engllsh examinatlon.

lntermedlate Vocabulary presents new words from a wlde variety of topicand language areas. Vareled and enjoyable exercises, such as gap fllling andword building, guide students în uslng the new words.Learners studyfng on their own should avoëd sîmply golng through the book'filllng in the blanks'. Exercises should be done at Intervals as a supplementto other materials, and sttldents should gîve themselves tlme to practisè anduse what they have learnt before going on tc learn more. lt is not enoughsimply to complete the exerclses and understandtbe new words encountered.Learners must actually use the words in conversation, composition or Iettersbefore they can feel that these words are truly a pall of their actlvevocabulary. Althokljh it ls chiefly aimed at the intermediate studont, advancedstudents will find thls book useful to test and practise thefr vocabulae, as wellas to fill In any gaps în thelr knowledge.

lntermediate Vocabulary ls divlded into six sections, each comprîsing a widevariety of exercises in which target words are contextualîzed. The fîrst twosections contain words and phrases ln topic areas, such as sport oreducation, and include items useful for students wrlting about or discussing apadlcular topic. The thlrd and fourth sections, Related Word Grcups andW ord Building, introduce new words and practise skllls such as deducingmeaning, word building and word transformation. The fifth section,Specialized Vocabulary, Is intended lcr more advanced studentsl as anintroduction to areas of language outslde thnse they will have encountered snfar ln their studies. These Include formal words, slang, words used innewspaper headllnes, abbreviatlons and Amerlcan words. Ths final sectlonlPairs of W ords Often Confused, is lntended as a reference section to beturned to as and when problems arlse with a qarticular pair of words. Theltems of vocabulary in this chapter can glve dlffictllty because (a) they haveslmllar spellîng and slmilar or even identical pronunctatlonv e.g.princîpallprînciple, (b) they have similar but not ldentical meaninq,e-g. gratefullthankful. (c) one of the words in the pair has a different meaningin other languages, e.g. actuallylnow.

To thestudent

To theteacher

Intermedlate Vocabulary can be used in a variety of ways. Exercises can bedone as pair or group activijes in class, leading to a discusslon, wrltlngactivity or other creative task. Altcmatlvely, exercises can be done ashomework. w1th the aid of the key and a dictionary, in preparation for a classdiscuss/on or work on a speclflc area of language. The book can also be usedfor revisîon and consolidatîon work.


TOPICS

ài-r Travel1 Put each of the following words or phrases in its cofrect place in thepassage below.depadure Iotlnge immlgration offcer check-ln desk departure gatesecurity guard duty free board departures board band luggagecheck excess baggage check Iln taxi passengers announceme

ntrunway trolley sacurity check conveyo? belt on board take olf

W hen travelling by aif you have to get to the airpod early in order to(a) about an hour before your fllght, If you have a lot ofluggage, you can qut it on a (b) and push it to the (c)

,where someone wlll (d) your ticket and weigh your iuggage. lf

you have (e) , it can be expensive. Your heavy Iuggage is puton a (f) and carried away. A light bag is classed as (g) -

and you can take it with you on to the plane. An (h) looks at

your passport and a (i) - checks your hand Iuggage before yougo into the (j) to wait till your flight is called, lf you want to1 youcan buy some cheap (k)

- goods here. Then you see on the(1) or you h6ar an (m) that you must (n) yourplane. You go through the (o) ? then there is sometimes a) before you actually enter the plane. When all the (q)(p

are (r) , and when the captain and hIs crew are ready în thecockpitk the plane begins to (s) to the end of the (t)

.Finally, permission is received from the control tower and the planemoves faster and faster in order to (u) .

2 Instructions as above.

headphones seat belts alsle Iand turbulence cabin crewairllner

At the airport

ln the air

Flying is fun. l like being in a big (j) with the (b)(StQWZrd$ zlld StoWafdejjFs) IpMkll)g GQW lll%r 'ITIIQ; W%lk k!p ajdyowjq th: (:) bgiiijlhg iilèilà aii drinksi and Ii the illgit lsgoiflg throtlgh Some (d) , they Warn everybody that it might be abit bumPy and aSk IJS to fasten OUr (e) . On a Iong flight l IikeIistening to music through the (f) available to a1l passengers

,aOd Somotimos l have a Sloep. I enjoy it al1 so much that I never wantthO plane to (g) - . '' ' - '

3 Put one Of the followlng words in each space in the sentencesbelow.

through at to off in on for by

(a) We decided to goplane,

(b) When do we take ?(c) First you must go

customs and immigration'(d) You'd better ask the

information desk.

(e) His friend went theairport wlth him to see him

(f) You must check at10.30.

(g) Put your luggage atrolley.

(h) He looked mypassport.

5


Bank Accounts

1 Put each word or phrase in the group below In its correct place inthe following passage.overdraft formalitles flll In account open branch bank charges

lt's very simple to (a) a bank (b) ln Britain. There arevery few (c) . Just go to you? Iocal (d) -, (e) a fewformst and that's it. You will probably only have to pay (9 ifthare ls no money ln your account or if you borrow money from thebankj in other words lf you have an (g) .

2 Instructions as above.notice current cheque withdraw deposit interest

For regular everyday use most people prefer a (a) account.Thls normally earns no (b) but you are given a (c) booklwhich makes shopping and paying bills very easy. A (d)account earns interest but it's not so easy to (e) your money.You sometimes have to glve a week's (f) .

3 Instructions as above.balance deposit wïthdrawal standing order statement

At regular pntervals, perhaqs monthly, you will receive a (a) -from the bank, giving detalls of each (b) (money you put In) and(c) (money you take out). 11 you're not sure how much moneyyou have in your account, you can Just go to your bank and ask whatyour (d) - is. If you have to make a regular payment, like rentjyou cap ask ths bank to pay this amount for you automatically. Thisarrangement is called a (e) .

Opening anaccount

Current anddeposit accounts

Using youraccount

Spending 4 Instructions as above. .cash idtiiitéffoil inèbtrià éxpènditure keep a fecord crossedoverdrawnSome people spend more money than they receive. In other words,their (a) is greater than their (b) , If you take more moneyout of the bank than you have in your account, you are (c) . To(d) of your spending, it's a good îdea when you write a chequeto fill in the (e) l which stays in the book. Most cheques are(9 cheques, which means that no one else can (g) them.They must be paid Into someone's account.

5 Put one of the following words or phrases in each space in thesentences belpw.out ol from for at In to

(a) He borrowed 210 his (e) Youill get a statementfather. regular intervals.

(b) She filled the cheque, (9 He took 2100 h1s(c) I asked - my balance. bank.(d) l prefer a current account (g) Hê withdrew E10O his

- a deposit account, bank.

6


Books and Reading

1 Match each kind of book on the right below with what you wouldnormally find in it on the Ieft.

(a) maps guidebook(b) exercises and diagrams etc. for school

study dictionary(c) meanings of words manual(d) information about a subject atlas(e) an exciting story of crime or adventure thriller(9 instructions, for example on how to

maintain, repair and use a car textbook(g) tourist information and advice about a

place or counlry W ho's W ho(h) a list of important, famous people and

details of their lives encyclopaedia

Kinds of book

2 Put each of the following words in its correct place in the passagebelow.

fine bookworm browse blbllography footnotes reviewsillestrations borrow glossary publlshed

l Iove books. I Iove to read. I'm a real (a) , and I love to(b) in bookshops, just looking briefly at one book after another.I Iook at the (c) ! the photos os drawlngs. If there are foreign ortechnical words in the book, I look at the (d) at the back fortheir meanings (unless they're explained in (e) at the bottom ofthe pages) and I look at the (9 , also at the back. which is a Iistof other books on the same subject. And I use the Iibrary a lot.I (g) two of three books a week, and I have to pay a (h) ifI return them Iate. Friends often recommend books to me, and I alsoread book (i) in the newspapers. I don't always agree withthem; but anyway they Iet me know what new books are being(l) -- .

3 Explain the difference between . . .

(a) contents page and index(b) bookshop and Iibrary(c) author and publisher(d) lend and borrow

(e) biojraphy and autobiography(f) fictlonj non-fiction and

reference books

Reading

4 Put one of the following words in each space in the sentencesbelow,

by from In up at on

(a) I borrowed this bookthe Iibrary.

(b) The index is the backof the book.

@) There are footnotesthe boltom of the page.

(d) I read it a book.

(e) You'll have to lookthe meaning adictionary.

(9 'Hamlet' lsShakespeare.

(g) The Ilbrarian said the bookwas the top shelf.


Cars

1 Next to each letter in the pictures below, write the name of thecar-pad it illustrates from the following list.number plate bonnet seat belt headlights boot steerlng wheelheadrest windscreen wheel accelerator (pedal) wlndscreen wlpersclutch (pedal) dashboard exhaust pîpe tyre brake (pedal)bumper aerlal gear Iever rearwiew mirror engine

Pads of a car

;C

( b) ( m j ( n l (o1 (p )(a ) (c1

N

(I)' F*

of:(d )@

.

(k ) .e

lJ1 --

(1)

(u1. .,,,.. (q)

1 bl ls1 (f) (e) (t1 (s1 (r1

Cars and driving 2 Put each of the following words or phrases In its correct place in thesentences below,ovedake mpg (mlles per gallon) rear reverse petrol tank vehiclefusl consumption bgdy performanca lnstruments indicate

(a) The amount of petrolmeasured In . The petrol goes in the .

(b) The way a car behaves (speed, brakes, acceleration etc.) ls calledthe car's .

(c) We can talk about the back of a (car, btlsl lorry etc.) butmore often we use the word .

(d) The speedometer, fuel gauge, and so on are callsd - .(e) To means to pass another vehicle golng in the same

directbn.(9 If you have to(g) The outside

a car uses is called the and it is

go backwards, you ,surface of the car, made of metal or fibreglass, is

(h)called the .'Make sure you ' - ' before turning Ieft or rlght.

8


Cinem a and Film s


cinema foyer aisle trailer cadoon critic usherette posterr0W Scroen horror performance revleW

Fiona and I went to the (a) the other day to see 'Devil' at theOdeon, The (b) by the Daily Express (c) - was good, andwe decided to go to the 8 o'clock (d) . When I arrived, Fionawas waiting for me in the (eî , looking at a (f) for 'Devil'on the wall. The (g) took our tickets and showed us to ourseats. l don't like to be too close to the (h) and I usually sit inthe back (i) if possible, and I prefer a seat on the (j) so Ican stretch my legs. Before the main film there was a Mickey Mouse(k) , then a (I) - for the following week's film. lDevil' was a(m) film and I was quite terrifiedl but Fiona thought it was funny.

2 lnstructions as above.

dccumentary Iocation role director cast bog offlce studiocritical performance plot

A visit to thecinema

A film review

Marlon Brando is a superb actor and in 'On the Waterfront' he gavehis finest (a) . lt is his best-known (b) . The (c)also included Eva Marie Saint and Karl Malden and the Illm's(d) I Elia Kazan, never made a better film, Parts of the film wereshot in the (e) in Hollywood, but a lot was made on (9 inthe streets of New York, which makes it at times Iike a (g) . Thecritics loved the film but it was not only a (h) success. lt was agreat (i) success as well, and made an enormous profit. The(j) is about a young man's attempt to be a boxing champion.

3 Put one of the following words in each space in the sentencesbelow.

to In on at

(a) It wasn't madelocation.

(b) lt was made thestudio.

(c) Is there a good filmtonight?

(d) What's theOdeon?

(e) He Iikes to sit theaisle.

(9 lt happened tllebeginning of the film.

(g) There was a trailer wthe next week's film.

(h) Let's jo the cinema.(i) This fllm is based a

book.() I like to s1t the back,(k) She prefers to sit the

front.(l) We were shown our

seats the third row.(m) Sometimes the cast list

comes the end of thefilm.

9


Doctors and Hospitals

Medical staff and 1patients

Match each person on the right wlth a definition on the left.

(a) an ordinary doctor patient(b) someone who looks after sick

people in hospital surgeon(c) person who helps people with

mental problem? out-patient(d) sick person receiving treatment in-patient(e) sick person who has to stay in

hospital medical student(f) sick person who has to visit hospital

regularly for treatment casualty(g) someone who operates on sick .

people psychiatrist(h) qerson badly injured in an accident,

fkre, war nurse(i) person who helps at the birth of a

baby . general practitioner(j) person whà studies to be a doctor specialist(k) person who specializes in one area

of medical treatment midwife


thermometer ward prescription operation stethoscope pulsereceptionist appolntment chemist symptoms examinetreatment waitlng room temperature

When l go to the dnctor, l tell the (a) my name and take a seatin the (b) . My doctor is very busy so I have to make an(c) before I go to see him. He asks me what's wrong with me,I tell him the (d) of my illness, for example high temperatureidifficulty in breathing. or pains, and then he will usually (e) me.He'11 listen to my heart with his (f) , he'll hold my wrist to feel my(g) , he'll take my (h) with his (i) . The problem isusually something simple and he might give me a (j) for somemediclne, which I take to the (k) . Of course, îf 1 needed moreserious (I) j I'd have to go to hospital. There I'd be put in a bedin a (m) with 10 or 20 other people. If there were somethingseriously wrong with me, 1 might need an (n) ,

Doctors'surgeries andhospitals


from on with In to for of

(a) He was operated (d) I have a pain myyesterday. back.

(b) She was taken (e) What's wrong , you?hospital. (f) He died cancer.

(c) He suffered bad (g) She got worse so they sentheadaches, a doctor.

1Q


Education

1 Put each of the following words or phrases in its correct space in thepassage below.

state terms semlnar degree co-educational private primarytutorial graduate nursery school grant secondary Iecturebreak up compulsory fees academic

W hen children are two or three years old, they sometimes go to a(a) , where they Iearn simple games and songs. Their first realschool is called a (b) school. In Britain children stad this schoolat the aje of five. The (c) year in Britain begins in Septemberand is dlvided into three (d) . Schools (e) for the summerholiday in July. (f) education begins at the age of about eleven,and most schools at this level are (g) , which means boys andgirls study together in the same classes. In Britain education is(h) from flve to 16 years of age, but many children choose toremain at school for another two or three years after 16 to take higherexams. Most children go to (i) schools, which are maintainedby the government or local education authorities, but some chlldren goto j) schools, which can be very expensive. Unlversity coursesnormally Iast three years and then students (k) , which meansthey receive their (I) . At university, teaching is by (m)(an individual Iesson between a teacher and one or two students),(n) (a class of students discussing a subject with a teacher),(o) (when a teacher gives a prepared talk to a number ofstudents) and of course private study. Most people who receive auniversity place are qiven a (p) by the government to help paytheir (q) and Ilving expenses,


(a) to sit an exam and to set an exam(b) lq tqk: qn eyqrn qnd !p pqys qrl eygm(c) compuisory and voluntary(d) to educate and to bring up(e) a pupll and a student

3 Put one of the followlng words in each space in the sentencesbelow.up to of at by from in into

(a) Which school do you go?

(b) He Ieft school the age1 8 .

(c) The summer term endsJuly. j)

(d) She's not at home, she'sschool. (k)

(e) She goes SussexUniversity,

(f) His lecture was dividedfour pads.

(g) School breaks nextFrîday.

(h) He is now university.(i) She is the same class

as her brother.Students usually receive agrant the state.They're given a grantthe state.

11


Elections and Governm ent

1 Put each of !he following words or phrases in its correct place in thepassage below.election campaign suppcrt polling day ballot box vote predlctopinicn poll polling staticn eandldate

People sometimes try to (a) the result of an election weeksbefore lt takes place, Several hundred people are asked which partythey prefer, and their answers are used to guess the result of thecoming election. This is called an (b) . Meanwhile each partyconducts its (c) with meetings, speeches, televisioncommercials, and party members going from door to doorencouraqing people to (d) their party, In Britain everyone over18 is eliqlble to (e) . The place where people qo to vote in anelection Is called a (f) and the day of the electlon is often knownas (g) . The voters put their votes In a (h) and Iater theyare counted. The (i) with the most votes is then declared thewinner.

Elections

Government 2 Instructlons as above.cabinet alllance right-wlnj prime minlster split coalitionmajorlty Iefbwing oppositlon one-party statesln most countries, except (a) , there are several differentpolitical partles. The one with the (b) of seats normally formsthe government, and the parties which are against the government arecalled the (c) . Sometimes no single pady wins enough seats,and several parties must combëne together in a (d) to form agovernment, The principal ministers in the government form a groupcalled the (e) , The leader of this group, and of the government,is the (f) . Of course there are many different kinds of padies!and governments. A socIaIlst or communist parly is often described as10) r A ç?P!!!Y#tiyP PIXX PP the Other hMnd, is usually said toy jy j jjyaj sjjuajyoyys ;jy ajyyyy yjyajjjysj gùjyjytjjyjyg jjj ybe ( j . o I .

party or between two parties there is a big argument or deepdifference of opinlon. This is called a (i) . When, on the otherhand, two parties work together, this is sometimes cailed an j) .


(a) pro- and anti-(b) an eleclion and a referendum4 Put one of the following words in each space in the sentencesbelow.with for agaînst to in between

(a) I voted the Liberal candidate,(b) Put your voting papers the ballot box,(c) He's very right-wing, so he's the socialists.(d) She belongs the Communist Party.(e) The Liberals formed an alliance the Social Democrats.(f) There's a split the two parties,(g) There's a split the party.

12


Flats and Houses

Renting a flat 1 Put each of tho following words or phrases in its correct posltlon inthe passage below.deposit fee flat advertlsements self-contained Iandlord rentblock references accommodatlon agency

The first thing l had to do in London was find somewhere to live, ifpossible a small, one-bedroomed (a) . I didn't want to share akitchen or toilet; I wanted to be independent in my own (b)place. I decided l could pay a (c) of Q50 a week. I couldn't findwhat I wanted in the newspaper (d) so I went to an (e) .They offered me a nice place, It was in a modern (9 on the thirdfloor. I had to pay the agency a (g) , and the (h) wanteda big (i) and (j) from my employer and bank manager.

Buying a house 2 Instructions as above.

conditlon detached estate agentsemi-detached archltect surveynr

terraced spaclous bulldercrampnd removals

Tony and Sheila's fîrst home was a (a) house, one of a line ofhouses alI connected. But several years later when they had a smallchild, they found it rather (b) for three people, They wantedsomething more (c) and so decided to move. They went to an(d) - and Iooked at details of the houses he had to offer. TheyIooked at a (e) house (one of a pair attached to each other),Ilked it, and asked a (9 to inspect it for them. He said that itwas in good (g) , and they therefore decided to buy it. Luckilythey sold thelr house qulckly and soon a (h) firm was taking a1Itheir furnlture and other possessions to their new home, But already,after a couple of years, they are hoping to move again. Tony'sbusiness is doing well and they want to get an (i) to design alngd:rn, (j) ... lqpg>p 1v( tlpm, grlt @ (@) yn hqllrl it,

3 Explaln the difference between . . ,

(a) a landlord and a tenant(b) a house and a bungalow(c) ground floor and first floor

4 Put one of the following words in each space in the sentencesbelow. '

for at in on of intn with

(a) She wanted a place (4 My flat is the top floor.her own. (g) My flat is a modern

(b) He'1t move tomorrow, block.(c) He'II move his new (h) The house is good

flat tomorrow. condition.(d) l share the kitchen (i) l looked advertise-

three other people. ments the newspaper.(e) The landlord asked the j) She pays a rent û90 a

tenant more rent. week.

13


Food and Restaurànts

Eating out 1 Put each of the following wùrds or phrases in its correct place in thepassage below. 'bill fast food cookery books eat out recipe dish menutake-away ingredients waiter snack tip

1'm a terrible cook. I've tried hard but it's no use. I've got lots of(a) , I choxe a (b) I want to cook, l read the (c) ,I prepare a1I the necessary (d) and follow the instructions. Butthe result is terrible, and I just have a sandwich or some other quick(e) , So I often (f) . 1 don't like grand restaurants. It's notthe expensel it's just that I don't feel at ease in them. First the(g) gives me a (h) which I can't understand because it'scomplicated and has lots of foreign words. At the end of the mealwhen I pay the (i) I never know how much to Ieave as a(j) . I prefer (k) places, Iike hamburger shops where youpay at once and sit down and eat straightaway. And l like (I)places, where you buy a meal in a special container and take it home.

Entertaining at 2 Instructlons as above.home kjnnapcutlery vegetarlan dlet crockery slde dîsh starter

entertaining sink main course washing up dessert

Maureen often gives dinner parties at home. She Ioves (a) . Shelays the table: puts the (b) in the right places, sets out theplates and puts a clean white (c) at each place, For the mealitself, she usaally gives her guests some kind of (d) - fîrst, forexample soup or melon. Next comes the (e) , whlch is usuallymeat (unless some of her guejts are (f) or if they'te on aspecial (g) ) with a (h) of salad. For (i) it's usuallyfruit or ice-cream, and then coffee, When everyone has gone home,she must think about doing the j) , as ln the kitchen the

.. .. .. ... .. .. .. ... .. .. .. .. .. .... .. ... ...... jtk jjjgy (jj .. ... .......... ...... jj jjg;y .. jj: jt.jj j jj j::;j jji jgr;j jr jy.t yjjjl . jtk jj g)j .. ... ... ... .. .. ..... ,, .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

3 Explain the difference between . , .

(a) a buffet and a banquet (c) a chef and a caterer(b) overcooked, undercooked (d) a café and a canteen

and raw

4 Put one of the following words in each space in the sentencesbelow.to at down of for out in up

(a) I asked the menu. (g) 1 Iooked the menu.(b) I Iike to eat . (h) 1'm very fond Chinese(c) He took my order. food(d) l prefer a simple café (i) Could you help me set

a big restaurant. the plates?(e) I Iike to go self- j) Put the used cutlery

service places. the sink.(9 Let's invite the Smiths (k) 1'11 wash them Iater.. . . dinner. .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . .

14


Gam bling, Sm oking and Drinking

Smoking

1 Put each of the following words or phrases In its correct place în thepassage below.casino fortune wreck puntlrs games of cbance broke bettingodds bookmakers compulsive gamblers

Some people are (a) which means that they simply cannot stop(b) on horses or ylaylng (c) . lt can be like a disease. lfyou're Iucky, you can wln a (d) - but if you're unlucky it can(e) your Iife. And most people are unluckly. The (9 arealways against the gambler. At the race course it is the (g) - whowin and the (h) who Iose. From a game of roulette in the(i) , the house makes a profit, the gambles oflen goes j)

.


put out harmful

Drinking

cravinj packet chain-smoke stalnedaddictlon antlsocial fatal ash trays

To many people. smoking is not just a pleasure, it is an (a) .They need it, depend on it, can't stop it, If they haven't smoked for

some hours, they feel a (b) for a cigaretle. They often(c) l which means they Iight another cigarette immediately theyhave (d) - ' the one before. Smoking is often considered(e) , since many people don't like the smell of cigarettes or thesight of the smoker's (9 fingers or (g) full of cigarette-ends. Above all, smoking is (h) to health and in many countriesa warning is printed on every (i) - of cigarettes. Scientlsts haveproved that there is a link between smoklng and a disease which canbe j) , éancer.

3 lnstructions as above.soclable sip sott drinks soberteetotallers drunk ' hangover'' '

Drlnking habits vary. Some people don't drink alcohol bt all, just(a) ' llke fruit Julce. They are called (b) , Others like to(c) - a glass of wine slowly, just to be (d) . Others like todrink glass after glass of beer, or possibly (e) such as whisky

,brandy or vodka, Soon they become (9 and if they continue,they'll get (g) and wake up the next mofning with a bad

(h) - . Some people are dependent on alcohol. They can't dowithout it. They are (i) . One thing is certain. If #ou drive, youshouldn't drink. Stay j') .

4 Put one of the following words in each space in the sentencesbelow.down up out to on

(a) Lots of punters have bet that horse.(b) He wants to give smoking or at least cut -

.(c) No smoking. Please put your cigarettes .

(d) Smoking is harmful your health. It can be fatal.(e) He was beginning to depend - alcohol.

15

Gam bling


Industry and Agriculture

1 Put each of the following words in its correct place in the passagebelow,

produce shlpyards products expod natural resources slumpeconomy boom plants imporl marhets

The health of a big, developed country's (a) depends largely onits industry. Factories have to keeq busy. They must (b) andsell their (c) in large quantitles. (d) must make and sellships, car (e) must make and sell cars. A period of industrialsuccess, when evee hing goes well and Iarge profits are made, iscalled a (f) . On the other hand a period when there ls not muchindustrial actlvlty is called a (g) . T0 maintain a high Ievel ofgroduction is not simple. For example Japan, a very successfulyndustrialized country, has very few (h) such as oi1 or coal, andhas to (i) them from other countries in order to keep itsindustries going, and thus to supply needs at home and also to() its goods to lts overseas (k) .

2 Instructions as above,

Iivestock crops agricultural dams fertilizers harvest îrrigatesell-sufficlent fertile farmers

A country whîch wishes to be (a) ln food will encourage its(b) to produce as much as possible so that it will not bedependent on food lmports. If there is not much rain, (c) mustbe built on rivers to provlde water to (d) the Iand. lf the Iand isnot naturally rich. chemical (e) -- must be used to make it(f) . Then (q) (of wheat, rlce etc.) will grow, the (h)will be good, and ln addition the (i) (cattle, sheep etc.) will havegrass to eat. If this does not happen, the (j) - sector of thecountry's economy wlll suffer and the country will have to impo!'t foodfrom abroad.


Industley

Agriculture

(a) an oilfield and an o1I refinery(b) a mine and a quarry(c) the producer and the consumer(d) to plough and to sow


in to on from of

(a) Profits depend largely production and sales.(b) There is a boom - shipbuilding,(c) The main expod lran is oil.(d) This land suPers Iack of water.(e) Thailand is self-sufficient rice.(9 . Sweden exports wood the UK.

16


A sum mitm eeting

Iliplo rnaticfelatio n s

International Relations

1 Put each of the following words or phrases in its correct place in thepassage below,

stlperpowers Ieader spokesman breakdown news conferenceltem settle summlt meeting hold prelimlnary agenda

The American President and the Soviet (a) have announcedtheir intention to (b) a (c) in Vienna next month. The twocountries have already had (d) talks and decided on an(e) for the meetinq. The main (9 will be a discussionabout the nuclear arms sltuation. At a (j) held in Washingtonyesterday a government (h) told journalists that the unfodunate(i) of Iast year's talks between the two countsles had beencaused by disagreements over arms. He said the Vienna meetingwould be a chance for the two () to (k) their diperences.

2 lnstructions as above.in protest at split ambassadors embassies reseme break offdiplomatic relations Ilnks

Neighbouring countries A and B had always had very good, closerelations, but in 1984, owing to a disagreement over the exact Iocationof the border between them, a (a) began to develop. Flnasly, ln1986, (b) military actlvity by country B near the border, countryA'announced 1ts intentlon to (c) (d) with country B. Bothcountries withdrew their (e) and the (f) In the twocountries were closed down. It is hoped that a solution will be foundand that it will be possible to (g) - normal trade, cultural anddiplomalic (h) as soon as possible,

.a put one of the following words in each space in the sentencesbelow.In for over of on at about by

(a) The French Ieader hasn't yet decided a date themeeting.

(b) At a summit meeting each cotlntry is represented its headof government.

(c) The announcement was made a news conferenceMoscow.

(d) The ambassadors had a discussion the peace treaty.(e) The breakdown the talks surprised everyone,(9 The Amesican ambassador walked out of the meeting

protest the Russian speech.(g) A spokeswoman said there was some disagreement the

agenda the meoting.


Law and O rder


thefl pleaded flngerprints found cellinvestigate sentence charge detainedhandcu: witnesses

An arrest

evldence arrest oathflne court magistrate

Law andpunishment

A policeman was sent to (a) the disappearance of somepropedy from a hotel. W hen he arrîved, he found that the hotel staf'fhad caught a boy in one of the rooms w1th a camera and some cash.When the policeman tried to (b) the boy, he became violentand the policeman had to (c) him. At the police station the boycould not give a satisfactory explanation for his actions and the policedecided to (d) him with the (e) of the camera and cash.They took his (9 , locked him in a (g) , and (h) himovernight. The next morning he appeared in (i) before th:(j) . He took an (k) and (I) not guilty. Two(m) , the owner of the property and a member of the hotel stap,gave (n) . Aher both sldes of the case had been heard the boywas (o) guilty. He had to pay a (q) of Q50 and he wasgiven a (q) of three months in prlson suspended for two years.


detective plain clothes Jury warders coroner verdict sollcitortrlal inquest death penalty

(a) If you want legal advice in Britain, you go to a .(b) At the end of the j the judge ordered the twelve men and

women of the to retire and consider their , guilty ornot guilty.

(c) Men or women who Iook after prisoners in prison are called prisonQjfj CQ L'S OF k

(d) lf a person dies in unusual circumstances, an is held at aspeclal court, and the 'judge' is called a .

(e) A policeman who investigates serlous crime is called a . Hewears , not uniform .

(f) ln some countries murderers are executed but other countrieshave abolished the .


before ln to of with

(a) He's being keptcustody.

(b) He was sentencedfive years.

(c) She got a sentencesix months.

(d) He was accusedmurder.

(e) She's been chargedtheft.

(f) He appeared courthandcuffs.

(g) They were broughtthe judge.

(h) The jury reached a verdict. .. . .. . g ui Ity. . . ' . . . . .

18


M usic

Classical music 1 Put each of the following words and phrases in its correct place inthe passage below.musicians bow bows strlng ccnductor instruments scorekeys baton audience conced hall

While the (a) was filllng up and the (b) - were taking theirseats, the (c) were tuning their (d) . The famous(e) entered. He gave the audlence a Iow (f) , picked uphls (g) t looked briefly at the (h) which lay open in front

of him, and ratsed hIs hands. The pianist placed her fingers ready overthe (i) of hes piano. The (j) section of the orchestraNiolinists, cellists etc.) brought their (k) up, ready to play. Theconcert was about to begin,

Popular music 2 lnstructions as above,

group vocalist Ilve stage number one fans concert Iyricstop ten recordlng studio

After the Beatles, the Rolling Stones have qrobably been the mostsuccessful (a) in Brltain. Most of thelr records have gone intothe (b) and they've had many at (c) . But their recordshave usually been made in a (d) and l always wanted to hearthem (e) at a (f) , I wanted to see them perform on(g) in front of thousands of exclted (h) . And l did

, atEarls Court In 1983. It was great. Aqd Mick Jajger, the (i) ,sang alI the oId favourites. I couldn't hear the (j) very wellbecause of the noise, but somehow it didn't matter.

1:3 IEEEEE :)':: 1r::, IE a ii 1-.11 1l: I-''l e .::.1 i' 'e 1-. !q@!, lr'lh !qp), lqq!l 1:::, ,q 1t: !k,!!!r lqpq, ,q@q, lrqll ... ,:.. -,......?. ..... .... . . .......... .... ...... ...... .... ...... ... .. ..... . .. . ..... .... .... ...... .. ... ....... .. ...... ..... ... ....... ..... .... ... ... .. .....

(a) an orchestra and a band(b) percussion instruments and wiljd instruments(c) a concert and a rehearsal(d) a composer and a musician

4 Put one of the following words în each space in the sentencesbelow.

by in at on

(a) What record is number one?(b) Their new record is the top ten,(c) This music was written Chopin.(d) l haven't seen this gsoup stage.(e) Who's the guitarist that group?

19


Natural Disasters

Famine and flood 1 Put each of the following words nr phrases in its correct place in thepassage below,drought famine starve starvation cut off helicopters dropflood drownlf a country has no rain for a long time, this d?y period is called a(a) . ln countries dependent on their agriculture, this can lead toa period of (b) , when there is not enough food and peopleactually (c) (die of hunger). They dIe of (d) . When itrains very heaviiy and the Iand Is under water, this is called a(e) . ln this situation people and animals can (9 .Sometimes (g) have to (h) - food supplies to people inareas which are (i) .

2 Instructions as above.medical teams tollrubble casualties

earthquake trapped epidemic rescue teamscollapse outbreak

Earthquake andepidemic

In some parts of the world, the ground shakes from time to time. Thisis called an (a) and if it's a bad cne, the ntlmber of (b)(dead and injured people) is sometimes large. Buildings often(c) and (d) have to search for qeopie who are (e)under the (f) . Sometimes water supplles are affected and thereis an (g) of disease, called an (h) . (i) are sent bythe government to help the sick. The death (j) can reachhundreds or even thousands.

Fire 3 lnstructions as above.on fire fire engîne under control fireman put out fire brigadeovercome arson

During the night ît was reported that a house was (a) .Someone phoned the (b) and a (c) was sent to tiehouse. One (d) - was (e) by smoke and taken to hospital,but in half an hour the fire was (f) and afler another half hour itwas finally (g) , At first the police thought it was an accident: butIater they found matches and a petrol can and began to stlspect

(h) .4 Put one of the following words in each space in the sentencesbelow.for in of from off under by

(a) Many people died starvation.(b) There are eadhquakes in Japan time time.(c) Food supplîes are dropped people whose homes are

cut .(d) Rescue teams searched injured people.(e) There was a drought ten months Central Africa.(f) Many people were trapped - the rubble of the building which

had collapsed.(g) Medical teams were sent the government.

20


Public Transport r

1 Put each of the following words in its correct place in the passagebelow.fare slidlng doors platform conductor crew cab double-deckerbus stop driver rush hour tube destination inspector subwaylift hail slngle-decker taxi-rank metro coach meterescalator conductress check tip rack

A taxi, sometimes called a (a) , is the most comfortable way totravel, You simply (b) the taxi In the street or go to a (c)

,where there are several taxis waiting, for example at a station. At the

end of your journey, you can see how much the (d) is bylookinq at the (e) . You add a (f) to this, and that's it.Very slmple. But expensivelW hat about taking a bus? If it has two floors

, it's casled a (g)and you can get a good view from the top, If lt has only one floor, it'scalled a (h) . Most buses have a two-person (i) : the() , who drives. of course, and the (k) , (or (l) if it'sa woman) who takes your money. Keep your ticket because an(m) might want to (n) it. You catch a bus by walting at a(o) . You can see where a bus is going because the (p)is wrltten on the front. But try to avoid the (q) .Quicker than the bus is the underground (called the (r) - InLondon, the (s) ln New York and the (t) in Paris andmany other cities). You buy your tîcket at the ticket-office. Go down tothe (u) on the (v) or in the (w) . The train comes

.The (x) open. You get on. You Iook at the map of theunderground system. Very simple.For longer dlstances take a train or a Iong distance bus

, usuallycalled a (y) , which is slower but cheaper. The train is very fast

.Put your Iuggage on the (z) and sit and wait till you arrîve.

(a) a carriage and a compartment(b) a season ticket and a return ticket(c) a bus driver and a bus conductor(d) a train driver and a guard

3 Put one of lhe following words in each space ln the sentencesbelow.

for off at in from

(a) We went down the Iih.(b) We met the station.(c) I waited 20 minutes a

bus.(d) ln Britain people queue (i)

buses.(e) We must wait the bus (j)

stop.(9 She waited the

platform.

(g) The tube stops everystation.

(h) The conductor askedour fares.W e finally got the bus

our destination.1'11 meet you the ticketoffice.

(k) Get your ticket - themachine.

21


Rom ance and Marriage

1 Put each of the following words or phrases in its correct place in thepassage below.date approve mature attracted romantic keen break offgo out relatlonship drlft apal't

Ann was a very (a) girl who often dseamed of love andmarriage. She was especially (b) to a young man calledMichael, who worked in the same office as she did, and he was very(c) on her too. They became friendly and one day Michaelasked her to go out with hlm. Their first (d) was a visit to thecinema, and they both enjoyed the evening so much that they decidedto (e) together regulasly. Michael was a bit untidy and ratheryoung, and Ann's parents didn't (f) of him at first, but Ann wasa sensîble, (g) girl and they had confidence in her. For a yearor so everythinj went well, but then somehow they slowly began to(h) , untll fînally they decided to (i) - their () .2 Put each of the fotlowing words in its correct place in the passagebelow.bride engaged bridegroom consent wedding civil receptîonhoneymoon propose toast

One evenîng, although he was nervous, Joe decided to (a)to his girlfriend, Linda. She accepted his proposal, they became(b) and he gave her a ring. After a year they had saved enoughmoney to get married (they were both over 18 so they did not needtheir parents' (c) ). Some people have a religious ceremony witha priest, but Joe and Linda decided on a (d) ceremony in aregistry office. On the day of the (e) Linda, the (9 , wasvery calm, but Joe, the (g) , was nervous. Afterwards, at the(h) , speeches were made and the guests drank a (i) - tothe happy couple, who finally left.for a (j) in Spain.

3 Explain the difference between . , ,

(a) to be fond of and to be in Iove with(b) seqarated and divorced(c) a flancé and a flancée(d) mother and mother-in-law4 Put one of the following words in each space in the sentencesbelow.in with out to of

(a) Bob and Lena are going (f) He fell lovetoqether. . her at once.

(b) Bob is golng (g) he's getting marriedLena. Llz next month.

(c) He was too nervous to ask (h) She's engaged aher . policeman.

(d) She's very fond -- him. (i) His parents don't approve(e) We drank a toast their her.

fdture happiness. (j) Have confidence mel

Romance

Marriage

22


Shopping

1 Match the items on the left wlth the shops where you buy them onthe right.

(a) very oId furniture florist's(b) flowers butcher's(c) writing paper, pens grocer's(d) newspapers, magazines greengrocer's(e) cigaretles, matches antique shop(f) teav biscuits, butter baker's(g) fruit, vegetables tobacconist's(h) dogs and cats newsagent's(i) bread and cakes statloner's(j) meat pet shop

Kinds of shop

Going shopping 2 Put each of the following words or phrases in its correct place in thepassage below.

tag Iabel cash desk off-the-peg refund sales try on tillassistant mail order bargain recslpt cashier exchange

lf you want to buy a ready-made (or we sometimes say (a) )jacket, first find the jackets in the shop and Iook at the (b)inside to see the size, material and make. For the price, look at theprlce- (c) . To see if it will (d) you, you can (e) - thejacket in front of a mirror. If necessary an (f) will help you. Youpay the (g) j who you will find at the (h) . He or she willtake your money, put it in the (i) - and give you your change.Make sure you also get a (j) , which you should keep and bringback to the shop with the jacket if .something ls wrong with it and youwant to (k) it or ask for a (I) of yoiar money. ln clothessiops you pay the fixed price, of course. You don't (m) . Or youcan wait until the (n) - , when many goods are reduced in price. Ifyou 'don't Iike shops; you can stay'at'home ' Iook-at catalogaeb ahdnewspaper advertisements and do your shopping by (o) .


(a) to overcharge and toundercharge

(b) a shopkeeper and a shoplifter


in on for with at by inside back

(a) These jackets are reduced (e) There ls normally a labelqrice. a jacket.

(b) The asslqtant advised me to (f) I took it to the shop totry the coat - complain.

(c) 1 want to look the (g) 'Is somethlng wrong -animals the pet shop- tt'?' he said.

(d) He bought many things (h) l asked a refund,mall order.

(c) shopping andwindow-shopping

(d) a wholesaler and a retailer

23


Sport

Spods facilitlesand atbletics

1 Put each of the following words or phrases in its correct place in thepassage below.officials pools courts stadium rink field events athtetesrings pitches scoreboard spectators track events

There's a big new sports ceptre near my home. There are football(a) , tennis and basketball (b) , swimmpnj (c) , asports hall with two boxing (d) ànd even a skatlng (e) .There is also a separate athletics (9 , where 20,0:0 (g)can watch the (h) - on the tqack and the (i) , such asjumping and throwing, in the grass centre. The () get ready inmodern changing rooms and the (k) time and measure theevents with modern equipment. A huge electronic (I) - shows theresults.

Foolball 2 lnstructions as above.draw track sults captains match referee amateurs teamtoss a coln players crowd gymnasitlm train

I play football for my Iocal (a) against other sides in the area. Ofcotlrse the (b) aren't paid, we're just (c) . Btlt anyway we(d) very hard In the evenings and we're Iucky because we canuse the (e) of a Iocal school. On the day cf the (f) wearrive early, change: and put on (g) to keep warm. Then the(h) , dressed ln black, calls the two (I) to the centre tc() tp decide who will play In which directlon. Not many peoplecome to watch the game, We usually have a (k) of only one ortwo hundred. But we anloy it, whether we win, lose or (l) .

3 Explain the difference between k k .

(a) amateurs and.professionals (c) to win and to beat(b) a winner and a runner-up (d) a hurdle race and a relay race

4 Put one of the following words in each space in the sentencesbelow.on for of at In between

(a) Which team does he play 9(b) She pqt her tracksuit.(c) There's an exciting race takinq place the track,(d) I'm not very good runnlng.(e) She's the best player the team.(f) There was a crowd 50,000 the stadium,(g) The result the football match was a 2:2 dsaw.(h) The match was England and Scotland.(i) A runner-up comes second - a race or competition.

24


Television and Newspapers

Television 1 Put each of the following words or phrases in its correct place in thepassage below.

vîewers subjective mass media quiz shcws indoctrinatechannels objective soap operas commerclals switch(a) is a phrase often used to describe ways of givinginformation and entertainment to very Iarge numbers of people. ltincludes newspapers, advertising and radio and, of course, televislon.ln most countries people can (b) to any of three or four different(c) . Do television programmes Influence our minds? Do they(d) us? Is the news completely (e) (neutral) or is it(f) (considered from one particular point of view)? Don't the(g) for alcohol, food and other goods condltion our mlnds?Even the (h) going on week afler week telling the story of onefamily or group of people sometimes make us want to copy the lifestyle we see on the screen. Also (i) which give people bigprizes fo? answering simple questions can make us greedy. Someprogrammes are watched by tens of millions of () .

2 lnstructions as above.cartoons editorials clrculation censorship sensational viewsadvertlslng gossip columns news agenclei reviews headllnesentertalnment correspondents

Newspapers

A newspaper makes its money from the price people pay for it andalso from the (a) it carries. A popular newspaper with a(b) of over five mlllion daily makes a Iot of money, Less seriousnewspapers are probably read just for (c) . They have big(d) above the news stories. funny (e) to Iook at and(f) photos of violence. The (g) are full of stories of theprivate Iives of famous people. No one takes the political (h) oflqqh ?:P.:r, Ygïk q'qipvlly! çy th: plh:r .h#q4! Iq x.fTç çgpntqy Fh:q:thèià là n6 (1j , iirlotis néùspapers are read prlncipally for tieirnews, sent to them by their (j) round the world and by the big(k) . People also read these newspapers for their (l) of .new books, films and plays and for their (m) , which representthe opinion of the newspaper itself about the impodant events andissues of the moment.


(a) viewers and Iisteners(b) mass clrculation and small circulation(c) editor, repoder and critic

4 Put one of the following words in each of the sentences below.in on over for to

(a) This programme is boring. Switch another channel.(b) lt's a commercial beer.(c) That actor's a soap opera every Friday,(d) What's televislon tonight?(e) If you don't Iike this quiz show, you can switch .

25


Theatre

Parts of a theatfe 1 Match each pad of a theatre on the right with a definition on the Ieft.

(a) where actors put on their costumes andmake-up stalls

(b) area on which the performance takesplace aisle

(c) a line of seats circle(d) a way down from back to front between

the seats dressing room(e) the area of downstairs seats stage(f) the area of upstairs seats box office(g) the theatre entrance hall where people

meet before going in row(h) the place where you go or phone to buy

tickets backstage(i) the whole area out of sight of the

audience boxj) a litlle private balcony with 3-5 seats only foyer

Producing a play 2 Put each of the following words or phrases in its correct place in thepassage below.revlews performances audlence rehearsals first night directorrun theatre-goers pads hit cast flop critlcs playwrlghtmatlnées applause auditions

The person who dlrects the preparation of a play is the (a) .Sometimes the (b) , who wrote the playl works with him. One ofthe first things to be done is to choose the (c) , the actors andactresses. For this purpose, (d) are held at which actorsperform short pieces and the most suitable are chosen for the(e) In the play. Before the play is performed in front of an(f) of hundreds of (g) , of course there are a 1ot of(h) ; At Iasti the (i) ! When the cudain goes down at theend, will there be enthusiastic (j) or silence? Will thenewspaper (k) be good or bad? What will the (I) think?Everyone hopes for a (m) that will (n) for months or evenyears, but the play might be a (0)' and only Iast a few days. It'shard work in the theatre. There are evening (p) six nights aweek and afternoon shows, called (q) , once or twice as well.3 Put one of the following words in each of the spaces below.to in behlnd during at on

(a) We sat the stalls.(b) The usherette showed us our seats.(c) There were two actors the stage.(d) You'd better ask the box ohlce.(e) My favourite adress was the play.(4 During the performance, work is going on the scenes.(g) People usually have a drink or a cigarette the interval.(h) Our seats were the third row.(i) He prefers to sit the front; she Iikes to be the back.

. .. . () ..I like to.sit the middle.. . . . .. . . . . . ..

26


Travel

1 Put each of the followîng words or phrases in its correct place in thepassage below.peak off the beaten track hitch-hlking leîsurepackage hollday youth hostels travel agants

People have mose money and more (a) nowadays and evenyoung people can afford to go abroad. Many (b) - offer cheap(c) for flights to aI1 parts of the world, so youngsters can avoidthe crowded, wels-known places and get to less famous areas Fhichare (d) . Instead of using public transpod and hotels, they cantravel by (e) and stay at (9 . But most people prefersome kind of (g) at a popular holiday (h) , which meansthat everything is arranged for you and the price you pay includestransport, food and accommodation. Try to avoid taking your holidayduring the busy (i) tourist season. lt's more crowded andexpensive. lf possible, go in the quieter j) period.

off-peak resortcut-price tickets

2 Put each of the following words in its correct place in the passagebelow, Some words must be used more than once.

tour voyage flight

Holidays

Journeys

trlp

(a) For general advice about , go to a travel agent.(b) One day I would Iike to do the by train and ship across

Russla to Japan.(c) We're going on a of Europe, visiting 1 1 countries in five

weeks.(d) We went on a three-week round the Mediterranean. The

ship called at Venice, Athens, Istanbul and Alexandria.

(e) He once went by shlp to Australia. The took 31/2 weeks,(f) I'm going on a business to Paris next weekend.(g) Alr France - 507 from Paris to New York will be taking off in

1Qn mirltlles,- --. - -(i) Tie - from Heathrow Airpod to the centre of London takes

about 45 minutes by underground.

(i) On our first day in New Yori we went on a three-hour of thecity by bus, whlch showed us the main sights.

j) During our stay in London we went on a day to Oxford, andanother to Windsor.

travel journey crulse

3 Explain the difference between . . ,(a) a hotel and a bed anà breakfast place(b) seasick, airsick and carsick(c) tour operator and ttavel agent(d) at sea and at tho seaside

4 Put one of the followlng words in each space in the sentencesbelow,in at by

(a) We went car. (d) She arrived London at(b) We went John's car. midnight,(c) We went a journey. (e) She arrived the hotel.

27


W ar

The outbreak of 1 Put each of the following words or phrases in its correct place in thewar passage below.

deteriorate moblllze hostile acts declare war clashes aggressionoutbreak forces ultlmatum retaliate

Fcr years there were border (a) between troops of country Xand those of country Z. Then (b) from X atlacked a village in Z.Z accused X of (c) and began to (d) in readiness forpossible war. X warned Z: 'If you carry out (e) against us, wewill (4 .' But there was more fîghting on the border. Thesituatlon had begun to (g) . X delivered an (h) to Z. 1Ifyou do not promise to respect our borders, we will (i) .' Finallycame the (j) of war.

Peace making 2 lnstructions as above.get involved withdraw intermediary peace treaty neutral targetspeace-keeping force fntervene ceasefire civillan

After months of fighting, during which (a) as well as military(b) were bombed, country X asked country Y, which hadremained (c) dusing the hostilities, to act as an (d) , butY decided not to (e) . X then asked the United Nations to(f) . The United Nations managed to arrange a (g) andstatloned a multi-national (h) between the two opposing armies.After weeks of talks, the two countries finally signed a (i) andthe UN troops were able to (j) .

3 Explaîn the diperence between . . .

(a) tç a:vançe anJ lo rpyrga! (c) conyeqtional war and nuclear(b) war and civil war war

(d) an ally and an enemy

4 Put one of the following words in each space ln the sentencesbelow.as In for out between

(a) X declared war Z.(b) Troops are moving readiness an attack.(c) Y didn't want to get involved the fighting.(d) The Second World War broke în 1939.(e) Canada acted an intermediary the argument.(f) War planes carsied an attack.(g) The peace-keeping force remained the two enemy armies

during peace talks, then withdrew,

28


Vvelfare State

1 Put each of the following words or phrases in its cornect place in thepassage below.

elderly medical treatment physically dîsabled jension schoollngmentally handtcapped eliglble out of work socla! services benefltssocial workers welfare state retire subsldized Iow incomes

A country whlch helps its osd, slck, disabled and unemployed is calteda (a) . (b) people receive a state (c) - when thay(d) at the age of 60 or 65. People with (e) who cannotafford to buy or rent decent accommodatlon are glven houses or flatswith (f) rehts, which means that the government or Iocal councilsuqports the rent to keep it Iow. Sick people get free (g) fromthelr doctor or at the hospital. Mothers of small chîldren get specialstate financial (h) , and of course older children receive free(i) , (j) people, who cannot move normalty, and (k)people, whose minds are not fully develoqedj also receive specialassistance and, if necessary, special equlpment to help them Iivenormal Iives. Penple who are (I) are normally (m) torecelve unemployment benefit, which is paid by the state. The(n) (government departments responsible for people's well-being) will helq people who, financially, physically or psychologically,have difficulty rn coplng with Iife and (o) wlll visit such pecple intheir homes.


(a) advice and advise(b) blind and deaf(c) free and subsidized(d) a hearing aid and braille(e) haves and havernots

3 Put one of the following words in each space in the sentencesbelow,

for of at with out In

(a) Disabled people sometimes find it difficult to cope publictranspo/.

(b) He's been - work for over a year.(c) a welfare state, the government is responsiblepeople's well-belnj,

(d) Social workers vislted her - her home.(e) He retired the age 65.(f) After his accident, he received a disability pension the rest

of his Iîfe.

29


W ork

1 Put each of the following words or phrases Jn its correct place in thepassage below.

references shcrbljt ezperience vacancy qualifications fill in.appllcatlon forms Intervlew applicants apply

In times of high unemployment there are usually very many (a)when a (b) - is advertised. Sometimes Iarge numbers of people(c) , and send off (d) for a single job. It is not unusual, infact, for hundreds of people to (e) to a firm for one post. Thisnumber is reduced to a (f) of perhaps six or eîght. from whom afinal choice is made when they aI1 atlend an (g) . Very possiblythe people interviewing will be interested in the (h) thecandidates gained at school or university and what (i) theyhave had in previous jobs. They will probably ask for () wrlttenby the candidates' teachers and employers.

2 lnstructions as above.pension

Applying for ajob

Choosing theright job commute salary prospects promotion retlre

ambitious perks increments commission

Job satisfaction is important but 1 have a wife and baby so 1 have tothink about money too. If a job interests me, I need to know what(a) it offers and also whether there are regular annualincreases, called (b) . l want to know if l wlll receive a (c)when I (d) at the age of 60 or 65. If the job is selling a product, lask if 1'11 receiva a percentage of the value of What I seil, called(e) . It is also lmportant to know if there are extra advantages,Iike free meals or lransport, or the free use of a car. These are called(f) or fringe beneflts, Are the futtlrê (g) good? Forexample, is there a good chance of (h) to a better job, withmore money and responsibility? Is the job near my home? lf it isn't, 1'11have to (i) every day and this can be expensive. I am very keento be successful. I am very (j) . I don't want to stay in the sameJob aII my life.

3 Put one of the following words in each space in the sentencesbelow.at In for to as ofI of

(a) I'm interested this job.(b) What did you study university?(c) He has applied British Airways a job an

office manager.(d) Tbis job advertisement looks interesting. 1'11 ssnd an

application form,(e) Have you filled the form yet?(9 You must send the form by 20 May.(g) He's been that job for two years,(h) She retired the age of 60.(I) A commission means you get a percentage what you sell.j) The use a company car is a nice perk to have.(k) The sixty applicants were reduced a shorblist of four.

30


M INI TOPICS

Argum ent

Put each of the following words in its correct place in the passagebelow.

disagreement frlction nag resentment aggressive rowtroublemaker jealous

I've always had a feelinq of (a) towards my older brother, John,because he always recelved more attention from our parents. Therehas always been (b) between us, And now that I'm moresuccessful than he is in my Job, he is (c) of me. Welve neveractually had a (d) , just the occasionat (e) , but we'venever got on well, And his wife likes to make things worse, She's areal (f) , a nasty, argumentative, quarrelsome, (g)woman. I've heard her (h) John continually to get a better job, abigger house, a nicer car.

Sadness

lnstructions as above.

sob heartbfoken withdrawn grief recover Ioss tearsmlss sleepless comfort

When Susan's cat was killed by a car she burst into (a) andbegan to (b) so Ioudly that the neighbours next door heard her.

. She was (c) by the (d) . Her mother tried to (e)her but Susan's (f) was so great that it was three days (andtt1.roo (g) nlghtsl.before she began to (h) enough to eatnormally, Even then she talkel to no one and was silent and (î)for weeks. I thlnk she'll always (j) her pet.

Nervousness

lnstructions as above.

blush sweat tongue-tled nerves embarrassment stammertremble tranquillizer falnt shy

I have to tell you that my (a) aren't very good. Last week I wentfor a job interview and my hands began to (b) , my palmsstaded to (c) and my face was red because I always (d)wlth (e) on these occasions. I've always been very (f)with other people. W hen I was asked questions l was completely(g) and I could only (h) . 1 felt (I) and wished l hada j) to calm me down. l didn't get the job. A pity. I would Iike tohave been a television newsreader.


Success

Put each of the following words in its correct place in the passagebelow.achieve confidence Iadder ambitious exploit achievementdetermined power ruthless ablllty

I've never been (a) in the normal sense. l've never wanted tobe a manager or director. I've never wanted to reach the top of the(b) or to have (c) . But l've always had a wish to '(d) somethlng, to write a book, climb a mountain, win a prize.This is not because I want fame or money but just that simple feelingof (e) you get when you've done something difficult. I'm notvery sure of myself and It would be good for my (9 to succeedin something, Some people wlll Iie, (g) other people, bedishonest, do anything, in order to secceed. They will be absolutely(h) . But l think the people who deserve to succeed are thosewho are (i) and have (j) .

Fam e

Put each of the following words or phrases ln its correct place in theassage below.17intewiews bodyguards break-up prlvacy în the public eyeatltographs celebrity pressures entourage fans

Being famous, being a (a) can mean wealth, tecognition andbeing surrounded by an (b) of helpers, secretaries and agents,lt can mean giving (c) to admiring (d) and (e) tothe press. But being (f) also has its disadvantages. Famousentertalners suffer from a Iack of (g) . They need (h) toqrotect them, The constant (i) - on them can lead to the(j) of their marriages. This is the price of fame.

Pride

Instructions as above,boast proud vain thick-skinned conceited pride snobcontemptuousMrs Watson next door thinks she is better than other people. Shethinks she is superlor, 'high class'. In other words, she's a (a) - .She is very (b) of herself and very (c) of otàer, 'ordinary'people. I've heard her (d) to neighbours about her lovelyhouse, her big car, her husband's hijh salary. She's a very (e)person too, always admiring herself ln a mirror. Mr W atson also has avery high opinlon of himself. His neighbours think that he is a very(9 - person, but the Watsons are both so (g) that otherpecple's criticism of them has no effect on them at all. l think that oneday they'll find that they have no friends Ieft, and then they'll be sorry.(h) comes before a fall.

32


Birth

Put each of the following words o? phrases in its correct place in thepassage below.

pregnant born maternity ward mldwife prams deliver callparents expecting cots crawl

When a woman is (a) a baby, we say that she is (b) .Babies are (c) either at home or in the (d) of a hospital.lt is the job of a doctor or a (e) to (f) new babies. Thekroud (g) must soon decide what to (h) the child. For theflrst slx months of their Ilves most babies are taken out In (i)and sleep in (j) . At eight months or so they Iearn to (k)along the floor, and they can usually walk soon after their first blrthday.

Childhood and Adolescence

Put each of the following words in its correct place in the passagebelow.

hobbles development extroverls adult relationshipsdaydreams adults introverts Idolize teens

Children Ilve in their own world, from which (a) are largelyexcluded. The (b) world is strange and exciting to them. Theyhave (c) of successj adventure, romance and fame. They(d) their big brothers and slsters, gop singers or film stars,(e) such as stampzcollecting, muslc or dancing are important tothem. Children, especially when they are in their (f) , go througha physical.and emotional (g) which can be frightening. Theircharacters also begin to develop. Some adolescents are (h)and keep themselves to themselves, while others are (i) andlike to share their thoughts and form () with other people. It's awonderful, terrible time.

Death

Instructions as above.

mourners crematorium dead funeral widow cemeterywill leave inherits hearse priest

The body of a person who has died is taken in a special car called a(a) - to the (b) - service, which is conducted by a(c) . The relatives and friends of the (d) person, who arecalled the (e) , are there. Then the wooden copin is buried in agrave in the (4 or cremated in a (g) . When people getolder they usually make a (h) and (l) - their money andother thlngs to their family and friends, When a man dies, it is usuallyhis (j) who (k) his property.

33


Advertising

Put each of the following words or phrases in 1ts correct place ln thepassage below.hoardings classified advertisements publlcize commerciaispcsters advertisîng agencies persuade eye-catching

Advedisements are everywhere, from columns of small (a) forhousesj jobs, cars etc. in newspapers to big (b) on walls andenormous advertisements on (c) - by the side of the road. Thejob of the (d) is to (e) the products of the firms whoemploy them, They design (f) advertisements and maketelevision (g) to (h) us to buy, buy, buy.

Art

Put each of the followîng words In Its correct place ln the passagebeiow.galleries works dealers professlonal sculptor creativesculpture painter amateur reproductions

One of the most (a) things anyone can do ls to make a work ofart, whether it's a (b) making a (c) or a (d)painting pictures. (e) artists do it for their own satisfaction andpleasarej but (9 adists have to make a llving from their artand they are dependent on (g) to sell thelr (h) in cîty(i) . l myself have three Picassos, a Botticelli and a Van Gogh.They're (j) j not originals, but they're a1I I can afford.

Fiotograpày

lnstructions as above.prints album enlargements snaps slides camera projectordevelop

A 1ot of people buy a (a) just to take holiday (b) - . Theyhave (c) made and put them in an (d) - - or sometimes theyprefer (e) , which they can show on the wail or screen with a(9 . Other people are more serious. They (g) - and printtheir films theimselves in theîr own darkroom at home. If they want bigpictures they make (h) .

34


Military Service

Put each of the following words or phrases In its correct place in thepassage below.

army compulsory fofces volunteers navy promotion offlcera1r force

In some countries military service is (a) , AlI young men andsometimes young women must spend a year or two in the (b)

.(In Britain they don't have to. All members of the armed services are(c) .) To be a soldier you join the (d) , to be a sallor youjoin the (e)

and to be an airman you join the (f) . If youare good at your job and can take responsibilitys you mlght get(g) and become an (h) .

Police

tnstructions as above.walkie-talkie join plain clothes detective police force rankpoliceman unëform

Alan is now oId enough and tall enough to (a) the (b) ' . Atfl

rst, of course, he'll be an ordinary (c) of the Iowest (d) .He'Il wear a (e) - and go out in the streets keeping In touch with

the police station with hls (f) . Then he'd like to be a (g) -

in (h) investigating serious crime.

Security W ork

lnstructions as above.guards tap armoured vehlcles bullet-proof kidnappers couriersbug securlty firm private detectives

l run a (a) which offers a complete range of security services.We have (b) - with special (c) windows to transport

money and other valuable items. We can sujply trained (d) tcprotect exhibits at ad shows and jewellery dlsplays. We can advisgyou if you think someone is trylnj to (e) your phone or(f) your private conversatlons at home or in the office withhidden microphones. W e have ex-policemen whom you can hire as(g) and special (h) to deliver your valuable parcelsanyqhere in the world. We can protect you or your chlldren againstposslble (i) .

35


The Countryside

Put each of the following words or phrases in its correct place in the

passage below.farms unpolyuted relaxed rurai wlldlife pace national parkscultivated remote vlllages

Away from the urban problem: of the city lies the (a) paaceand quiet cf the countryside, The air is more llkely to be clear and(b) , the (c) of life ï slower, and the people living insmall (d) more (e) and friendly. Some land is (f)and you'll see crops growing, as well as animals grazing, on the(g) . Some areas of partpcular natural beauty are designated as(h) by the government, and here (l) can Iive and moveabout safely. lt is in places (j) from the nolsy cities that you canexparience the true beauty of nature.

The Seaside

Put each of the following words in its correct place in the passage

below.lifeguards depth waves shallow horlzon beach drowndlve currents cliffsMany people's idea of relaxation is to sit on a sandy (a) gazingat the broad (b) or watchlng the (c) - roll in one after theother. But the sea can be dangerous and every year hundreds ofbathers (d) eîther when they are carried out to sea by strong(e) or sîmply because they can't swim and find themselves cutof their (9 wtth their feet no longer touching the botlom. Andhundreds more have to be rescued by (g) . lf you want to(h) into the sea, from rocks or snme other high point make

, :

sure itls deep enoughk lf it s (i) - t y0u could seriously InjuroyOtlFSelf. And finally, if you decide to walk along the high (l)overloolling the beaGh and the sea, don't go too near the edge.

Mountains

Instructîons as above.mountaineers ropes oxygen ascent peak equlpment rangehelght descent climbThe Hîmalayas are the best-known mountain (a) in the worldand Mt Everest, with a (b) of 8,880 metres is the highestmountain. Since Edmund Hillaœ made the first (c) in 1953.(d) from many countries have managed to (e) to the(9 - . Normally they need to take (g) cylinders to helpthem breathe and other special (h) , inciuding (i) toconnect themselves to each other. It's a dangerous sport andvmanypeople have Iost their Iives, not just on the way up but durina the(i) ' as welf. ' ' ' . . . . . . . . . . . . -.

36


Electrical Appliances

Put each of the following words ln Its correct place in the passagebelow.

electrlclan adjust switch Iead controls dealer plug kncbsocket unplug

W hen you buy a television, radio or cassette recorder make sure ithas a long enough (a) . (b) - lt in at the most convenient(c) in your room, and then (d) on. You normally(e) the volume by turning a (9 , and there are other(g) as well. lt is probably best to (h) the appliance whenit is not in use. lf you have any trouble with it

, ask an (i) to lookat it or take it back to the () you bought it from.

The Telephone

Put each of the following words or phrases in its correct place in thepassage below.

receiver llne Iook up engaged dial directcry get throughoperator

How easy it is to use the telephone! Nowadays we usually don't needthe (a) to connect us to friends in othes countries. We can(b) the number in the telephone (c) , pick up the(d) and (e) the number. If the numbes is not (9 ,we (g) straightaway and if it's a good (h) l we can have aclear, easy conversation with people on the other side of the world,

Com puters

Instructions as above.

sohware computers screen word processor hardwaf: calculatorkeyboard printer

So you only have a pocket (a) to do additions, multiplicationsand so on, and you want to know about real (b) - '? Right. Well,the machines themselves are called the (c) and the programsthat you feed into them are called the (d) . If you want to see theresults of what you are doing, you'll need a (e) or you'll have toplug in to a television set. You'll operate your machine Iike a typewrlterby pressing keys on the (9 . lf you want a record on paper ofwhat you're doing, you'll need a (g) , and if you want a machinewhich will enable you to see, arrange, re-arrange and then print apage of material, then the machine you want is a (h) - . You wantcolour? Well, you can . . ,

37


Factory W ork

Put each of the following words or phrases in its correct place in thepassage below.Iabour reiations tea break apprentice factory canteen foremanwhite collar management shop floor manual

! like to work with my hands; in other words, ! Iike (a) work. lhave never wanted to be a (b) wosker, as I would be bored wîtho#ice work. So l have been taken on as an (c) in a (d) -for two years to learn to be a machine-operator. l work with a group ofmen under a (e) - , who tells us what to do, when we can go tothe (j - for Iunch or take a (g) and so on. (h) arequite good and the (i) spend a Iot of tlme on the j)mixing with the workers. I've got no complaints.

Office W ork

Instructions as above.tygewriter calfers statlonery dictate shodhand correspondencefillng cabinets fileI do general work in a small office. l deal with a1l (a) - coming intoand sent from the office and (b) these Ietters alphabetically inbig metal (c) near my desk. l answer the telephone and give(d) the information they want. If the manager wants to(e) a Ietter, l take it down in (f) on my pad and type it onmy electric (g) . Of course it's împodant that we always haveenotlgh paper and envelopes and so on, and it's one of my Jobs to buythis (h) when we need it. I don't know what they'd do withoutme!

A Stfik:

lnstrtlctions as above.dispute unempjoyment go on strike dismissshop steward on the dole redundant picket Iine

1 ,600 workers at the Ace Cycle Factory decided to (a) -week following a (b) wëth the management, who last mcnthdecided to (c) two men for unsatisfactory work: The mencomplained lo their (d) , who told the union. The managementand the union have had taçks but these soon ended in (e) . Thearea in which the factory is situated is aàready an area of high(f) , with one aduit in five (g) (out of work and receivingstate aid). The striking workers have formed a (h) outslde thefactory gates to prevent other workers frcm going in to work. Themanagement say that 200/c of the workers wlll have to be made(i) next year anyway because of the decreased demand forcycles.

last

deadlock

38


RELATED W ORD G ROUPSSounds1 Put each of the following words in its correct place in the sentencesbelow.

rumbse whistle crash squeal roar creak rustle bangclatter splash

(a) We heard a of tyres. It was atop speed.

(b) The glates and glasses felp to the floor with a .(c) We Ilve near the airport and there's a terrible - every time a

plane goes overhead.(d) The day was very quiet and we could hear the of Ieaves in

the wind.(e) He fell into the water with a great .(f) I heard a . lt sounded Iike a gun-shot.(g) It was an enormous, heavy, old, wooden door and it used to

Ioudly when anyone opened it.(h) It was the best football match l've ever seen. Both teams played

hard until the final - .

(i) The metal tray fell down the stone stairs with a .j) I could hear the of thunder in the distance,

police-car turning a corner at

2 înstructions as above.

crack tick squeak pop pips jingle(a) There was no sound except the quiet of the alr-conditioning

.(b) At every hour on the radio there are six so that people cancheck the preclse tlme.

(c) The champagne cork finally came out with a Ioud .

(d) Be careful. The ice is very thin and l think I heard it .(e) To celebrate the happy event, aII the church betls in the townbe9a9 t? . !(f) I ikiàt ù11 iiy élké. ''ffiere's a somewhere In tile back wheel.

(g) The englne of a Rolls Royce is so quiet that even when the car isgoing fast you can hear the clock .

(h) Thè animals had small bells round their necks, which used towhen they moved.

hum geal

Anim al Sounds

Match each animal with the sound it makes.

(a) monkey(b) Iion(c) dog(d) cat(e) horse(f) hen(g) cock(h) bee(i) cow

roarcluckmiaow, purrchattercrowbark, growlm ooneighbuzz

(l) sheep(k) elephant4: I )h I:) i 641(m) donkey(n) frog(o) snake(p) duci(q) Wolf(r) mouse

bleatbrayhisstrumpetgrunt, squealsqueakhowlquackcroak

39


Hum an Sounds

Put each of the following verbs in its correctbelow.

place in the sentences

sniffwhisper

(a) He was so nervous he could only l JI . . , I'mpleased to meet you.'

(b) Don't a1l the tlme. Use a handkerchief and blow your nose.(c) lf we are out of breath after running we and .(d) It is said that people if they sleep with their mouths open

and on their backs.(e) He drank a lot of beer quickly and began to .(f) If you have a cold and you , English people often say,

'Biess you'.(g) Don't speak so loudl Just - . The children are asleep.(h) I always used to in history lessons. They were so boring.(l) He can't stop talking. We always - with relief when he goes

sighCough puW yawnsneeze groan

hiccup stammer Snore Pant

away,(j) Smoking always makes me .(k) My children when l teil them thek must go to bed.

W ays of Lpoking

Put each of the following verbs in its correct place in the sentencesbelow.frown stare peep wink glance bllnk peer glare gazeglimpse

(a) That man does look rather strange but you shouldn't - athim.

(b) He made a hole in the fence so that he could tirougiwithout beiny seen.

(c) If you go out lnto bright sunlight after being in the dark, yotlsometimes .

(d) Small boys often stand outside the bicycle shop and - at thewonderful machines in the window.

(e) We if we are rather annoyed or if we are concentrating.(9 Did you someone pass the window a moment ago? I

thought I just saw someone.(g) l thoaght he was serious until l saw him at me to show he

was joking.(h) Grandfather has very bad eyes. He has to at the

newspaper to read it. '(i) I saw the motorist get out of his car and - furiously at the

other drlver who had run into the back of him.(j) 1 saw him quickly at his watch.

40


W alking

Put each of the following vesbs in its correct place in the sentencesbelow.

stray crawl trip dash trudge slip creep llmp staggerwander stroll march

(a) He was completely drunk. I watched him across the roadand fall down.

(b) It's very pleasant for a tourist to round a new city with noparticular purpose or destination.

(c) It was a lovely day so we decided to in the park for an hour.(d) His injured foot made h1m badly.(e) Be careful or you'll on thls Icy bIt of pavement.(9 Everyone was asleep when I returned so I had to to my

room without making a noise.(g) If you join the army, you'll have to learn to .(h) Please don't away from the main group or you'll get lost.(I) Before babies can walk, they can only on their hands and

knees.() I'm afraid someone will over that piece of wood and fall.(k) lt began to rain and we had to into a shop to keep dry.(I) The exhausted men had to for five mlles through the snow.

Body M ovem ents

1 Match each item on the lefl with the most suitable phrase on theright.

(a) He flexed(b) He shook(c) He.clenched(d) He craned(e) He snapped(4 He shrugged(9) H* Wiped(h) He folded(i) He scratched(1) He held(k) He tapped(I) He rubbed


his head in disagreement.his fists angrily.his neck.to.see.better.his muscles proudly.his forehead with a handkerchief.his foot in time to the music.his shoulders.his breath under water.his knee because it was painful.his arm s and relaxed.his head thoughtfully,his fingers to get attention.

(a) He trembled(b) He shivered(c) He sweated(d) He blushed(e) He sobbed(f) He started(9) He dozed(h) He fainted

în the hot sun.with em barrassment.with fear.when he heard the sad news.with cold.after going without food for three days.in surprise at the sudden noise.in his armchair after a hard day's work.

41



(a) She nodded

(b) He bowed

(c) She curtseyed(d) She waved(e) He smiled(f) He saluted

(g) She fidgeted(h) He pointed

when she saw her friend gelling off thebus.

when his commandlng officer entered theroom .

in agreement.when she was introduced to the Queen.when he was introduced to the Queen.to show the shop assîstant what hewanted.

because he was happy.afler sitting ln the same position for solong.

4 Put each of the following verbs in its correct place in the sentencesbelow,

punch grope grab stretch pat slap squeeze nudgebeckon stroke

(a) After driving his taxi a1I day, Teddy Iikes to get out and hisarms and Iegs,

(b) Some parents theis naughty children.(c) If he says that to me again, 1'11 him on the nose.(d) When l was small my father used to - me on the head when!

,he was pleased wlth me,(e) She loved cats, and always used to stop and any cat she

SaW .(f) Several people saw two men smash the shop window,

some diamonds, get into their car and drive away.(g) He was sllm so he was just able to between the two tables.(h) It was absolutely dark and I had to in front of me to find the

door.(i) My brother went to sieep during the church service and l had to

him with my elbow to wake him.() When it's your turn for a Iuggage checkk the customs officer will

you to come forward.

Containers

Match each container on the left with its contents on the right.

(a) basket clothes and personal things for a longstay

(b) trunk coins(c) tank bank notes, tickets(d) safe shopping(e) vase petrol, water(f) purse suits, jackets, dresses(g) wallet cash, secret documents, jewellery(h) kettle boiling water(I) wardrobe flowers

42


(I) j tl (4(m) sultcase(n) barrel(o) satchel(P) bin(q) bOX(r) (thermos) flask

school booksclothes and belongings for a week'sholiday

Ietterwater, mllkwaste paperbeerhot tea, cold drinksbusiness paperschocolates, matches

Furnitpre and Fittings

Match each item from the following list with the correct letter from thepictures below.

table bed carpet bookcase cushion chair plllow rugshelf cudalns armchair mattress sofa cupboard stooldesk wardrobe lamp chest of drawers sheet drawerwashbasin Iampshade blanket

( a'

l lb l (c1 ( d) (p l

!= u - - (I) ( rn ) ( n1

L !:- - r- , ,! !- iiiii--.

-

-------'-------------srr,jy rggrii--.---------------------

-

--------------------,,sr,rr

------------ffzzu l'i''---'-------------------------------------

-

-----------------:irr:------,--

...-. - $;i' !;'-

Z=

*: '; '-.,.--

'

. . . . .. .''ï,'. . . -. . . . ... .. . .... . .. . l .. . .. . ...... . . Jr . . . .. . .. . . .. . .............. . ................. ... . . ................... ............. . .. . ....?..T -.-r

I

rt.yr'm (qj(e1,/r,''- (r). <x .

(14)(f) (s)

1( i) '(.: 1 t t l

''qftnpp- - N= ='* <* Z( i ) l h ) Fpj A-- - *

. .w - a (wjN

l 4 (v) ....a. '

.<- . e

*W tD1 Q < '' 'X( q ) : . pygg y 4..

.

(;,L( h

43

(j) briefcase(k) envelope


Connectors

1 Match each of the following connectors with the correct picturebelow.nail nut pIn screwchaln paper clip rope

bolt safety pin needle drawing pinstring rubber band thread

*d

(aj

r

.e= =

(b) (c) (d) ...';z.. 'd (ej

/'.

.

) ) ., ,1

?k&'ï

*- w * /zl ..-- z4 v J ' --->.z

'

.

( hl ( 1 )

u .== .E=

ln3) ' (n)

t f;-' / )

' - - j //

-, , y/it

'

#

'

. .

. . '*

'

tk1 (t) -S* -

2 Complete each of the following sentences with the correctconnector from the Iist above' making it plural if necessary.

(a) We sew 610th with a and .(b) We tie up a parcel with .(c) Mountaineers use to keep together and avoid falling.(d) To keep a baby's nappy In place we use .(e) We use a hammer to knock a into wood.(9 To pin a notice to a notice board we use a .(g) To keep pieces of c10th together in dressmaking we use .(h) We keep pieces of paper together firmly w!th a .(i) Dlfferent parts of a bicycle and other machines are kept together

with and .j) We use a screwdriver to put in or take out .(k) Large ships in port are kept in place with heavy iron .(I) The postman keeps aII the Ietters for one street together with a

, made of elastic.

44


Tools

Match each of the following tools with the correct picture below,

spanner hammer screwdriver axe saw spade penknîfechisel fork drill scissors mallet jack rake

'

N j% ,

-

x. 'e

' (dl S?/'(a1 (u) (c) (e)

+'z '

T#

(h l ( 1) (j )

!

J e .

@N.

z #< & %k,

( t ) 7w. 4 ( n )

2 Complete each of the following sentences with the correct tool fromthe list above.

(a) We cut paper or c10th w1th a pair of ,(b) We put ln and take out screws with a .(c) We dig holes in the ground with a .(d) We make holes in wood, metal or stone with a ,(e) We raise a car to change a wheel with a .(f) We knock nails into wood with a .(g) We cut down trees with an .(h) We carve wood or stone with a .(i) We hit a chisel with a ,(j) We collect dry Ieaves and make eadh level with a .(k) To cut string and other things, we carry in our pocket a folding

(I) We turn the earlh over in the garden with a spade or .(m) We saw wood with a .(n) We tighten or Ioosen nuts and bolts w1th a .

45


Vehicles

Match each of the following vehicies with the correct picture below.car lorry motorbike ambulance caravan van bus tankerbulldozer coach trailer scooter

( b 1 P 1 G 1 PX t d ' '(a) ae e .H .

=

- % XO=. I

D -- .

(e1 %R)): tt1 tQ1

t;'-- ---------f;k.'-- ;;;'--'.--,-'---r ;;'-'----,',,---

.r= * -r=m - R > N

...% q-. #' . ::.i) lI1 t k1 t t1(

e zz ez sz eazRz. l',x Fg za w zz z',,-

.,> F,,eer . z''''a,l z s z p e'zz .z zz' e y,..'% .'A . - a z'zz a w a zz .

,. . w, f-s z' z #: a . /

. ve .

Bicyçlq

Match each of the foliowing bicycfe parts with the correct Ietter in thepicture below.saddle frame brakes mudguard chain gears spokes bellhanàlebars pedal tyre front lighl back light pump

46


Collective Nouns

Put each of the following collective nouns in its correct place in thesentences below, making it plural if necessary, Some nouns must beused more than once. .flock herd bundle mob stackshoal bunch set crowd fleetflight cpump gang pack

sulte audience swarmcongregation cfew

(a) The of the Britlsh Royal Navy was very strong in thenineteenth century.

(b) Disease reduced the farmer's from 90 to 65 cows.(c) She was attacked by a of wasps.(d) A - of shoutîn: people overturned cars, set fire to shops and

attacked a police station.(e) The Prime Minlster occupied a of rooms at the hotel.(f) Some spectators jn the disagreed with the referee's

decision.(g) He bought a Iarge of bananas.(h) The priest was very sad to see his getting smaller week by

week.(i) Fishing boats use modern equipment to locate the of fish.j) She lost her balance and fell down a of steps.(k) He was the leader of a well-known of criminals.(l) We sat down in the shade of a - of trees.(m) In spring of birds arrive back in Britain after spending the

winter in Africa.(n) Our pîcnlc was completely ruined by a of ants.(o) He gave her a - of flowers.(p) British Airways has a of 26 Boeing 747s.(q) She gave a - of old clothes to a charity organization.($ The applauded the new play enthusiastically.(s) Has anyone seen a of ke/s? l Ieft them somewhere. .(t) Golf ls an expensive gameï You 1I' need'a ' ' bf tlub:.(u) The books were arranged în a one on top of the other.(v) They've bought a Ieather three-piece - a sofa and two

armchalrs.(w) Let's play a game. Who's got a of cards?(x) That cruise ship carries 150 passengers and a of 85.(y) The of sheep was controîled by a shepherd and two(z) For their wedding l gave them a of catlery (6 knives,

6 spoons, 6 forks etc.).

dogs.

Young Anim als

For each anlmal below give the name of its young from the followinglist.piglet kitten cub chick lamb call foal ducklingPUPPF iid

(a) wolf (d) fox (g) cat j) sheep(b) horse (e) dog (h) Iion (k) goat(C) 7ig (f) cow (i) duck (l) hen

47


Law Breakers

1 Match each person on the

(a) an arsonist

(b) a shoplifter(c) a mugger(d) an offender

(e) a vandal

(f) a burglar(g) a murderer(h) a kidnapper

(i) a pickpocket

(j) an accomplice(k) a drug deater

(1) a spy(m) a terrorist

left with the correct definition On the right,

attacks and robs people, often in thestreet

sets fire to property illegallyis anyone who breaks the Iawbreaks into houses or other bulldings tosteal

steals from shops while acting as anordinary customer

kills someonedeliberately causes damage to propertysteals things from people's pockets incrowded places

gets secret information from anothercountry

buys and sells drugs illegallytakes away peoqle by force and demandsmoney for thelr return

helps a criminal in a criminal actuses violence for political reasons


' (a) an assassin

(b) a hooligan

(c) a stowaway

(d) e ytpjqf(a) a hilacker(9 a forger

(g) a robber(h) a smuggler

(i) a traitor(l) a fangster(k) a deserter

(I) a bigamist

causes damage or disturbance in publicplaces

hides on a shîp or piane to get a freelourney '

takes contrcl of a plane by force and makesthe pilot change course

mgrdjqs for qoiitical reasons or a rewardis séiiiébiiè Wh: àtèàlàmakes counterfeit (false) money orsignatures

is a member of a criminal grotlpsteals money etc. by force from people orplaces

marries illegally, being married alreadyis a soldier who runs away from the armybrings goods into a country illegally withoutpaying tax

betrays his or her country to another state

48


O ccupations

1 Match each person on the Ieft w1th the correct definition on the right.

(a) a traffic warden(b) a dustman(c) a window dresser(d) an estate agent(e) a secretary(9 an undertaker(9) a bricklayer(h) a civil servant

(i) a vet(j) a newsagent(k) a midwife

arranges shop-window displaysmakes brick buildings and wallsworks in a govefnment ministrycontrols parking and jarking meterscollects rubbish from people's housestreats sick animalshelps people buy and sell housessells newspapers and magazines froma shop

delivers babiesmakes arranqements foy funeralsdeals with offlce correspondence andrecords


(a) a chef(b) an architect(c) a Iibrarian(d) a fishmonger(e) a miner(0 a curator

(g) an interior decorator(h) a typist(i) a chauffeur(j) a surgeon

3 Instruètions as aboke.

(a) an optician(b) a clown(c) a jockey(d) an auctloneer(e) an editor(f) . a docker(g) a chiropodist(h) a butcher

(i) a reporter() a diplomat

(k) a florist

drives someone's car for themtypes Ietters in an officedesigns buildingsoperates on sick peoplecooks in a restaurant or hoteldesigns the lnsldes of houses,hotels etc.

runs a m useumk in a Ilbrarywor s

gets cpal from under the groundsells fish from a shop

rides racehorsesIoads and unloads ships in a podsells valuable objects at an auctionmakes people Iaugh at a circustests people's eyes and sells glasseswrites for a newspapersells flowers from a shoprepresents his or her country at anembassy

Sells meat 'prepares books, newspapers etc. fospubllcation

treats people's feet

49


M ale and Fem ale

Complete each pair below by adding the male or female equivalent.

(a) klng -(b) bus conductress(c) husband(d) bridegroom(e) heroine(f) boy scout -(g) basmaid(h) poiicewoman(i) air steward -(J) headmistress

(k) actor(I) nun(m) waiter(n) - princess(o) nephew(p) actress(q) host(r) Iandlord(s) widow(t) aunt

Peppl:

The words below on the Ieft are used in colloquiai conversation todescribe people of different characteristics or interests, Match eachitem on the left with the most suitable phrase on the right.

(a) a chatterbox

(b) a hlghbrow(c) a nosey parker(d) a bookworm(e) a film fan

(f) a slowcoach(g) a lazybones(h) a scatlerbrain(i) a workaholic(j) a fresh air fiend(k) a hlgh flier

(l) a troublemaker(m) a killjoy

is inquisitive and pokes his or her noseinto other people's buslness

can't stcp talkingloves reading booksis confused and forîetfulis întellectual and Iikes seriousIiterature, art, music

Ioves to workiy vqry k##n pq th4 çip:jpqis not very actlve or enerjétléis slowcauses difficultîes between peopleseems to enjoy preventing others fromenloying themselves

Iikes to open the windows or be outsideis clever and ambltious and will getpromotion and success

50

A


Clothes

1 Match each of the following items of clothlng with the correct tetterin the pictures below.

jacket socks boots suit apron cap overcoat shorts shirltee-shlrt pullover trousers shoes waistcoat sandals tiedress skid slippers scarf blouse pyjamas hat

ge % v..1 <' . j ' f 2:6- >

. ' !; -#r ï' F*.. % *.l -1e

x v % = a,i j 5 ov'gx.y q. (n): j !. v ! ,i.

,(w1 -'-'- f ! é#k :

.;; ., , j s .s :f sxF 4 s(v) #. : (o1r'>': 1To#-

( u) ( rl (p1. V (s)(t1tq)

r 'yfe 'i .

. *

2 Match each of the following pads of clothing with the correct letter inthe plctures below.

label heel collar lajel sole seam pocket toe sleevebelt Iaces crease Ilnlng ctlff button zip buckle

(al - (nn)( î1 t 1. . ..(e.) (

'

f l(b) (ql

e....e..- r k - t n ). . . +. s .w w '

(c) . (k1

(h1 (q1 * (p1(o)

(d ) ''4 11 'N

x .

Wear/Dress 3 Put the correct form of wear or dress in the spaces below,

(a) Students normally very informally.(b) She often ln black.(c) They usually - jeans and sweaters,(d) They were in jeans and sweaters.(e) What were they ?(9 How were they ?(g) He can wash, shave and in ten minutes.(h) She was an evening - .(i) The men were in evening .j) lt's informal. There's no need to - up.

51


4 Put one of the following prepositions in each space in the sentencesbelow.

on in off up

(a) Your jacket's undone. Btltton it -,(b) lt was very watm. We took our coats.(c) Put - your pullover. lt's cold.(d) That's the man, the dark sult.(e) Hang your coat .(9 Hang your coat - the hook.(g) He took his shoes and put some slippers.(h) Anna's the girl the red dress.(i) She's oniy three. She can't do her coat by herself.(j) He rolled his sleeves and staded work.

Parts pf the Body1 Match each of the following partsin the picture beiow.

hairmoutheyebrow noseeye z neckchin eyelasheseyelid nostrrtlips cheekJaw ear

throatforehead

of the head w1th the correct letter

. (a)1p1 z(b1

(ol l cl

l nl td1x . M (e)(

n1)w.' (fl(i1

(k) - . 1q)tj) -%

' tb1(l)

2 Match each of the followingin the piçtpqe bqlow.shotllder forearmeibow wristchest handhip waistthijh nailshln calfleg footsole toepalm kneethumb anklefinger hselarm stomach

parts of the body with the correct letter

52


Punctuation M arks and Printing

Match each of the following items with the correct letter near the textbelow,

apostrophe inveded commas heading dash comma capltal Iettersubheadlng bracket full stop small letter underlinlng strokecolon question mark footnote paragraph semicolon italicsexclamatlon mark abbreviation asterisk hyphen

(aï (b# (c1 (d) (e1

(v) keeulatioll 4/8 z 2A

You are cntitlcd to import thc fnllowing(u) i

tcms: video-films, film, cameras; books.(t1 (fj

furniture, stationcry; of ficc equipment,(s)

typewritcrs, calculators Lnot computcrs).(r) (0'

(hè(q) (i) lmpartation of Animals fi1

For thc importation of animals* scnd for lcaflets

(I)(pl ''Can 1' Import a Pet?B and ''Don't Import(k)

Diseascl''(o)

(l)in) * Agricultural anim als and pets c-g. dogs, cats.

(m1

British Measurem ents

Put each of the following words In its correct place in the sentencesbelow.

ounce gallon inch foot yard stone pound acremile plnt

(a) 1 = 2.54 centimetres(b) 1 = 0,3048 metre(c) 1 - = 0.9144 metre(d) 1 = 1 ,609.35 metres(e) 1 = 0.405 hectare

(f) 1 = 28.35 grams(g) 1 - = 0.454 kilogram(h) 1 = 6.35 kilograms(i) 1 = 0.568 lilre(i) 1 = 4.55 litres

53


Quantities

ln the columns (a)-(h) and (l)-(p) below are units in which we buy thingsand in the opposlte cclumns are the things we btly in those quantities.Match each lettered item with the most suitable item on its rlght.

(a) a bar of matches(b) a pair of soap(c) a box of potatoes(d) a pound of c10th(e) a roll of shoes(f) an ounce of milk(g) a yard Of tobacco(h) a pint of film

(i) an acre of flowers() a bottle of toothpaste(k) a gallon of Iand(I) a bunch of wine(m) a tin of sardines(n) a tube of petrol(o) a Facket of jam(P) a Jar 0f cigarettes

Shapes

Put each of the following words in îts correct place in the sentencesbelow.circle Iower vedical size square upper horlzontal shaperectangle angle diagonal centre trîangle right angleparallel corner

These two diagrams are of the same(a) but of a different (b) .

This ls a (c) with the (d)lines twice as Iong as the (e) ones.

This is a (f) w1th a (g) - linegoing from the (h) to the top Iefbhand (i) .

This is a (j) - . Each bottom(k) îs 450. The top one is a(I) (S0O).

These two lines are (m) to eachother. The (n) Iine is longer thanthe (o) one. There is a (p)between them.

C)


W O RD BUILDING

PrefixesIn the followlng exercises syllables or words are to be added to thefront of other words to change or add to their meaning. W herenecessary, hyphens have been placed în the sentences.

1 co-l = with, together) re-l = again) ex-t = former, before)inter-t = between)Put one of the above prefixes in each of the spaces ln the sentencesbelow.

(a) The -pilot took over the plane's cnntrols while the captainhad a coffee and sandwich.

(b) The US and the USSR can attack each other with-continental missiles.

(c) Germany and France are -operatlng on the design of a newspace-rocket.

(d) She's divorced but she's still on good terms with her-husband.

(e) Does national sport really improve relations betweencountries?

(f) The teacher told his student to write hls bad composition.(g) The local trains are slow but the -city servlces are excellent.(h) Most houses nead to be painted every flve to seven years.(l) Men who once served in the armed sewices are called

-servicemen.() Both boys and girys go to that school. It'q -educatlonal.

2 bi-l = two) pre-t ='z before) semi-t = half) counter-t = in theopposite direction)Instructions as above.

(e) We managed to drive the enemy back, but they attacked.(b) The back wheel of a cycle bears more weight than the front

wheel.(c) Dinosaurs lived millions of years ago in - -historic tlmes.(d) The pupils' desks were arranged in a - circle round the

teacher.(e) His father is Greek and his mother is Italian so he's Iingual.(f) It was a Iateral agreements signed by tndia and Pakistan.(g) Bibby is three. She goes to a -school playgroup every

mornîng.(h) The espionage depadment has(i) Houses in Britain are oflen built in pairs.

-detached.(j) He was only -conscious when thedied in hospital. ambulance arrived and he

caught three foreign spies,They're called

55


3 post-l= after) mono-t = one) anti-t = against) non-l = not)lnstructions gs above.

(a) He got his university degree Iast year. Now he's doinggraduate studles.

(b) Some flights go from London to the Middle East -stop.(c) The wbrds 'fat' 'help' and 'come' are all syllables.l(d) That's sensel You don't know what you're talking about!(e) The princiqal -war problem was to rebuild the destroyed

cities and Industries.(f) Maybe future tralns will run on jtlst a slngle rail. This system is

called a rail. -(g) To prevent petrnl from freezing, qut freeze in the tank.(h) l'm not -marriage. l think it's a very good ctlstom.(i) I'm afraid the club is not open to -members.

4 mulli-t = many) trans-l = across)de-(= acting against)Instructions as above.

super-t = above, more than)

(a) The countrysfde is becoming forested so quickly that soonthere'll be no trees lefl at all.

(b) Fle works in London and in New York so he's a regularatlantic air passenger.

(c) The train became railed at 60 miles per hour but no onewas seriously hurt.

(d) He was so power-ful that he sometimes seemed almosthuman.

(e) lt is now possible to plant a heart from a dead person to aIfvinq one.(9 Britaln has people from a11 over the world, It's a racialsociety.

(g) The villages are becoming poptllated as more'and morepeople move to the cities.

(h) He beiieves fn ghosts and maglc and other natural things.(i) Concorde is a sonic plane. It flies faster than sound.() He's ihcredibly rich. He's certainly a - -millionaire.

5 pro-t = for, in favour ofl sub-l = under) uni-t = one) tri-l =three)Instructions as above.

(a) That road is very dangerous. Use the way to get across.(b) That newspaper is very lefbwing. In fact it's =communIst.(c) The marine approached the warship unseen.(d) They have discovered some terranean cavps 200 feet

down. '(e) Soldiers, polîcemen and firemen wear form. Teachers donlt.(9 Small children ride cycles, not bicycles.(g) He likes British people and culture. He's very -British.(h) A shape wlth three angles is'called a angle.(i) The -war party wanted more arms and a biiger army.() Both men and women have their hair cut there. lt's a sex

salon,

56


6 over-t = too much) under-l = not enough)Put'one of the above prefixes in each of the spaces in the sentencesbelow.

(a) He needs a good holiday. He's suffering from work.(b) She didn't hear the alarm clock and slept.(c) It needs to be cooked a Iittle more. lt's done.(d) You've charged me. The prlce Is 28 not t10.(e) They say they're paid and'want more money.(f) There aren't enough people in the country. lt's populated.(g) There were too many jeople in the room. lt was crowded.(h) Rich nations should glve more aid to developed cotlntries.(1) He's fat and Iazy. lt's because he eats.() We estimated the cost of the holiday and ran out of money,

7 un- dis-Put one of the above prefixes in each space in the phrases below tomake the word which follows it opposite in meaning,

(a) a(n) comfortable chalr(b) a(n) believable story(c) a(n) punctual train(d) a(n) respectful pupil(O) û(n) popular man(9 a(n) bonest

shopkeeper(g) aln) Iucky accident(h) a(n) famillar city(i) a(n) . satisfied customer(i) a(n) grateful child(k) a(n) unlted party(l) to lock a door

(m) to obey an order(n) to believe a story(o) to agree with someone(p) to Ioad a ship(q) to approve of

som eone

(r) to like cheese(s) to button a jacket(t) to appear round the

corner

(u) to ' cover buriedtreasure

(v) to trust a politician

8 ir- iI- im- . in-Put one of the above prefixes In each spacè in the phrases below tomake the word which follows it opposite in meaning.

(a) an resistible (1) an relevant questiontemptation (m) an polite Ietter

(b) an possible glan (n) an - Iiterate person(c) an legal buslness deal (o) frejuent buses(d) an accurate (p) Ieglble handwriting

calculation (q) an curable illness(e) an mature young man (r) an regulas ttain(9 an ' moral action service(g) an convenient (s) an dependent country

arrangement (t) formal clothes(h) an logical answer (u) an replaceable work of(i) an resgonsible boy art(j) an patlent motorist (v) an expensive present(k) an secure feeling .

57


Suffixes

1 -ish(i) -ish sometimes means 'with the qualities of' e.g, boylsh.Put each of the following words in its correct place in the sentencesbelow,childlsh girlish amateurlsh piggish monklsh

(a) He lives in one small room and he hasn't many needs. He Ieadsan almost life.

(b) He is usually a very flne actor, but last night he was terrible, really

(c) He's nearly eighteen but he still has very attitudes andinterests.

(d) He behaved very badly at lunch. He really has manners.(e) She still wears rather young, fashions.

(Ii) -lsh often means 'rather', 'about', 'more or less' e.g. yellowish(more or Iess yeliow), eightîsh (about eight), slowish (rather slow). Thisuse of -ish is colloqulal, so is not often used in writlen English.

Put each of the following words in its correct place in the passagebelow, in which a man who has witnessed a crime describes to apolice officer what he saw.smallish sevenish twentyish fairish greenlsh darkish tallish

Well, it happened very quickly, officer, I was just Ieavîng my oïce. Itwas fairiy Iate, perhaps (a) and 1 couldn't see very welt becauseit was already getling (b) . A man came out of the bank. He had(c) halr. His age, well, he was (d) or may be twenty-five.I couldn't guess his height, but he was (e) . He had a suitcaseand he got into a car, not a very big one, (9 in fact. The colour?I think it was (g) . Sorry I can't be more exact.

2 Wul -less-ful means 'having', 'with' e-g. careful, colourful.-less means 'without' ' Iacking' e-g. careless, windowless.

Put each of the following words in its correct place in the sentencesbelow.thoughtful harmful successful friendless thoughttess harmlessbeautlful waterless

(a) The Sahara Desert is a vast area which runs from east towest across Afrlca.

(b) Smoking is to your health.(c) This present is just what I want and need. How of you.(d) l hope you are in your exams.(e) Don't be afraid of the dog. He's .(f) It was very of you to qlay the radio so Ioud so Iate at night.(g) She's very . Three artlsts have painted her.(h) l was alone and in a strange city.

58


3 -er -ee-er usually has an active meaning e.g. examinerLa person who sets anexamination)-ee usualty has a passive meaning e.g. examfnee (a person who takesan examination)Put each of the following words in its correct place in the sentencesbelow.

Intervîewer tralner emptoyerinterviewee tralnee employee

(a) l was given a pay rise of Q1 ,00Q by my .(b) A football team normally has a to keep the players fit.(c) A television should always give the a proper chance

to express his or her opinions.(d) That company has 200 people working in its factory. My brother

works there and 1, too, am an .(e) At the moment he's a manàgement . If he's successful,

he'll be given hIs first responsible posîtlon in January.

4 -proofwroot means 'safe agulnst', 'able to resist' eag. a fireproof door.

Put each of the following words in îts correct place in the sentencesbelow.

waterprocf soundproof bulletproof heatproof shockproofchildprnof foolproof

(a) The windows of the President's car were made of glass incase of an assasslnation attempt.

(b) Our tent wasn't completely and the rain came through.(c) The soldlers were given watches,(d) These dishes are - . You can put them in the oven.(e) The bank's security system is completely . It can't possibly

go wrong,(f) The car Iocks should be , otherwlse my.young sons will

open them during a Journey and fall out,(g) The recording studîo was completely ,

5 -ful-ful îs often used to indicate quantlty e.g. a pocketful (the contents of apocket) of coins,Put each of the following words in its correct place in the sentencesbelow.

houseful cupful tankful handful mouthful teaspoonful

(a) Put a Iarge - of rice in boiiing water, then add a little salt, justa .

(b) At Christmas we had a of visitors.(c) The foreign tourist put a of money in front of the taxi driver

and said, 'Is this enough'?'(d) After just one l knew she was a wondedul cook.(e) A - of petrol should take thîs car over 200 miles.

59


6 -er -or -ar

From the verbs below make nouns describing people by adding -er,-or or -arto the end and making any other necessary spellingchanges.

e.g. liberate Iiberator drum drvmmer

(a) teach (f) collect (k) înspect (p) donate(b) direct (g) sail (I) act (q) visit(c) beg (h) murder (m) buy (r) produce(d) interpret (i) operate (n) edlt (s) travel(e) translate () demonstrate (o) work (t) compete


(a) slng (f) rob (k) ski (p) swim(b) govern (g) survive (l) instruct (q) contribute(c) announce (h) supply (m) elect (r) create(d) admire (i) contro! (n) write (s) manage(e) decorate () investigate (o) photograph (t) Iie

8 -ist -ian

From the nouns below make other nouns describing people by adding-ist or -ian to the end and making any other necessary spellingchanges.

e.g. Brazil Brazilian violin violinist

(a) motor (g) Buddha (m) science (s) comedy(b) electricity (h) economy (n) music (t) beauty(c) Paris (i) art (o) psychiatry (u) journal(d) Christ (j) bicycle (p) terror (v) parachute(e) piano (k) tobacco (q) magic (w) language(f) history (I) politics (r) flower (x) archaeology

Nùuh: l àdè frùl kèib:

1 -sis -ureMake nouns ending in -sis or -ure from the following verbs, makingany necessary changes in spelling. Then put each noun in its correctplace in the sentences below.

emphasize hypnotlze slgn analyse paralyse selze diagnosefall close enclose

(a) The doctor's was that l had bronchitis.(b) Don't put an inslde an aerogramme. lt is not permitted.(c) The of the blood will help the pollce flnd the murderer.(d) The doctor used to make her calm and relaxed.(e) He was very ambitious, and his to become prime minister

was a shock to him.(f) The at the bottom of the Ietter was impossible to read.(g) Some teachers put a Iot of on learning by head.(h) There has been a military government since the army's of

power six years ago.

60


(i) This disease can Iead to the of certain muscles.j) The of the factory and Ioss of jobs came as a result of

fewer orders from abroad.

2 -yMake nouns from the following verbs by adding -yto the end andmaking any other necessary changes in spelling. Then put each nounin its correct place in the sentences below.

prosper enquîre lnjure discover apologize fcrge explredeliver recover conspîre assemble

(a) ln England there is no postal on Sundays.(b) He still suffers from an he received ln a game of football

ten years ago.(c) He could copy other people's signatures perfectly. He was finally

sent to prison for ,(d) The of a ship from the bottom of the sea is a very dlfflcult,

expensive operation.(e) The of Amerlca was made in 1492 by Christopher

Colombus.(f) I wish you hapqiness, good health and for this coming year.(g) This is the parllamentary building, where the National

m eets.(h) She accepted his for his rude behaviour at dinner.(i) The President believed there was a to overthrow him.(j) On , your passport may be renewed for a further five years.(k) Thank you for your about our products. We enclose our

current catalogue.

3 -enceMake nouns ending in -ence from the following verbs, maklng anynecessary changes in spelling. Then put each noun in its correct placein the sentences below.

prefer obey delend offend 1ns1st coinclde refer dependcorrespond reside difrer interfere exist pretend

(a) He couldn't go to university but continued his educatlon throughcourses.

(b) This monument is in memory of the men and Women who died inof this country.

(c) Police dogs are trained to a high standard of .(d) Tea or copee? Do you have any ?(e) She wasn't really angry at all, lt was jùst .(f) Dictionaries, encyclopaedias and atlases are called books.(g) The doctors trled to cure him of his on drugs.(h) The United Nations came into in 1945.(i) Despite his that he was innocent, he was arrested.j) I can't tell the between butler and margarine.(k) I hope she didn't taie . I was only joking.(1) 1 met John on hollday quite by chance. What a .(m) She complained of by her mother-in-law in her private

affairs.(n) 'Place of ' means the place where you Ilve.

61


4 -anceMake nouns from the followlng verbs by adding -ance to the end andmaking any other necessary changes in spelling. Then put each nounin îts correct place in the sentences below,

annoy resist avold însure resemble enter attend performaccept disturb assist endure

(a) It was the actor's finest .(b) The teacher kept a record of every student's .(c) This signature bears no - to mine! lt's a forgeryl(d) When I received the offer of a job, I immediately wrote a letter of

(e) The police were called to a at a private party Iast night.(f) My house covers me for fîre, flood, theft and damage.(g) When she was very oId she couldn't look after herself without

(h) When people kept talking during the film, he showed his byturning round and looiing at them.

(1) The to the park is through that gate there.(j) After fierce for two days, the soldlers surrendered to the

enemy.(k) By continuing his journey alone, on foot, in freezlng weather

wlthout food for two days he showed remarkable powers of# .

(1) The Automobile Association recommends of the city centreduring the present road repairs,

5 -alMake nouns from the following verbs by adding -a/to the end andmaking any other necessary changes in spelling. Then put each nounin îts correct place in the sentences below.

deny pçopnse ajprove bury refuse try renew removearrive Survive dlsmlss rehearse

(a) His qnpunçtq4lity pqd bad work sooq led to his from thefirm,

(b) After the funeral service in the church, we went out to thecemetery for the .

(c) Thousands of people were at the airport for the President's

(d) of your season ticket for another six months will costyou Q68.

(e) To get marrled before you are eighteen, you will need yourparents' and consent.

(1 The first performance of the play is tomorrow. The actors arehaving a final tonight.

(g) At the end of the five-day , he was found guilty and sent toprison.

(h) The factory manager wants to use different Machines but theworkers don't Iike this .

(1) The police were amazed at the of the flve children after anight out in freezing temperatures.

(j) He made a complete of the accusation against him but noone believed him.

62


(k) l don't understand his to help us. He's usually very helpful.(I) The new republican government demanded the of the

kîng's statue from the main square.

6 -ageMake nouns from the following verbs by adding -age to the end andmaking any other necessary changes in spelling. Then put each nounîn its correct place in the sentences below,

use shrlnk pass store post stop break wreck marryIeak

(a) A famlly house always needs space for old furciture andIuggage.

(b) With the of time, her heartache grew Iess painful.(c) The between Alan and Josephine will take place in St

Andrew's Church on April 21st.(d) The firm is proud of its non-strike record. There hasn't been a

of work for twelve years.(e) Airmail to Australia for a large parcel is very expensive.(4 The of the smashed car was Iefl by the road as a warning

to motorists.(g) The Prime Minister is very angry about the - of information to

the press from closed secret meetings.(h) The American of this word is different from the British.(i) In a shop selling gtass and china a certain amount of is

unavoidable.(j) Thls shirt was guaranteed against , but look, It's too small

for me now and l've only washed it once.

7 Put in each space below a noun formed from the verb in bracketsafter the sentence.

(a) John's an expert, so l asked him for some . (advise)(b) You need more before you can play the violin in

1q4?, !!:!! IL:1' I i !444: !r. .. . . . 4:) Ipp??.!rq bq@lq:tq;;l 11r. . ..ii. . F.# ) ..... . . . .. . .... .... . ............. . ........ . .................. . ...... . .... .... . ..... . . .. .(c) The polceman waniei io see t8e motoristis drivtng

. (Ilcense)(d) He made a that she would marry and have three

children. (prophesy)(e) We can only get there by qlane. There's no . (choose)(f) 'Now children, I hope you'll aIl be on your best when we go

to the museum.' (behave)(g) I have to make a about poor service and the rudeness of

your staff. (complaln)(h) l think you've made an in the bI1l. Could you check

it? (err)(i) Naturally he's very unhappy at the of so much

money. (Iose)j) I like a museum wîlh a of objects - plctures, sculpture,

furniture and other things. (mix)(k) The company has shown rapid in the Iast two

years. (grow)

63



(a) Newspapers in that country can say what they like. There's no. (censor)

(b) It took him a Iong time to recover from the of hismother. (die)

(c) The of poverty, disease and lgnorance must be ourprincipal aim. (conquer)

(d) It ls my that there is life on Mars and Venus. (believe)(e) The police think that she commîtted the murder but they have no

. (prove)(9 It was a great to hear that your illness isn't

serious. (relieve)(g) Most of the passengers were killed in the aircrash, The

were badly injured. (remain)(h) Two miles from here, it's stili posslble to see the of a

z,ooo-year-old Roman town. (remain)(l) Some qeoqle tie a knot in their handkerchiefs as a of

somethlng lmportant they must do. (remind)j) The priest asked us to say a for world peace. (pray)(k) He put the two televisions together so that we could make a

. (compare)


(a) The police car crashed into a tra#ic-light while lt was in of astolen car. (pursue)

(b) He feels a deep for the people who killed hisbrother. (hate)

(c) Of course the of a mountain takes Ionger than the, (ascend . . . des/end)

(d) Not far from here you can see the of an oId church. Onlythe walls are left, ''truin)

(e) If you want to know what's in a book, Iook at the page atthe front. (contain)

(9 H# hq> a v4ry Fidp of Afqicaq qff:iqq. (yqow)(gj Voulll have to make a dbdn. (decldéj(h) She's very nlce but she has a to talk too much. (tend)(i) I'm not sure, but I have a - that he was the boy who stole my

bike. (suspect)(j) The actors received enthusiastic at the end of theshow. (applaud)

(k) The staff at this hotel are excellent. They give very good. (serve)

(I) The of the new baby was about four kilograms. (weigh)(m) We believe the existence of large armies and terrible weapons is a

to world peace, (threaten)(n) His first mîssed but he killed the bird with his

second. (shoot)(o) Q50j000 was taken in the bank yesterday. (rob)(p) l've written three Ielers to the firm about their bad product, but

they've made no , (respond)

64


10 -sionMake nouns, aI1 ending in -siont fpom the following verbs. Put eachnoun in its cofrect place in the sentences below.

divlde conclude expand exclude explode include persuaderevise admit

(a) l hope friendly will make him change his mind. I don't wantto use force.

(b) lf they get divorced, they'll have to decide on the of theirmoney and property.

(c) He dreamt of the of his firm from a small factory to a Iargeinternational business.

(d) to the club is Ilmited to members only.(e) There was a very Ioud when the bomb went off.(f) ln the flnal weeks before the exam. the students did a Iot of

(g) He was delighted by his in the national footbals team.(h) The of her name from the Iist of people chosen to meet the

President was a great disappointment.(i) . . . and finally, in , l thank you aII for coming.


possess confuse permlt dbscuss invade collide confessextend impress

(a) The - of the island was resisted as soon as the soldierslanded on the beaches.

(b) His car was slightly damaged in the .(c) Pupils must not enter the teachers' room without .(d) His dirty appearance made a bad on the judge.(e) He was arrested for of illegal drugs.(f) The pollce questioned him for three days untll he finally made a

(g) Three boys in the school had the same name. whicb caused some

(h) During the office meeting there was a about the need for anew photocopier.

(i) He asked for an of his vlsa for another six monlhs,

12 -ment

Make nouns from the followinq verbs by adding -ment to the end, Puteach noun in its correct place ln the sentences below.

entertain improve postpone arrange eplarge encourageadvertise

(a) The for Monday is that we'll meet at 7 and take the train at7.45.

.

(b) I Iike this photo, l thlnk 1'11 have an made.(c) This is the city's district, full of cinemas and theatres.(d) We regret to announce the of this evening's concert. The

conductor is ill. The concert will take place next week.(e) The teachers were pleased at the in his work.(f) His parents gave him a Iot of in his studies.(g) There was a newspaper for a job as a typlst.

65



imprlson manage disappoint develop punish agree announcetreat govern employ

(a) The has announced new, higher taxes.(b) ïcapital ' means the death penalty.(c) The company had talks with the workers' representatives

but thay couldn't reach .(d) A 1ot of country people without jobs came to the city to look for

(e) He received at the hospital for his înjuries.(f) It was a big to hear that you can't come to our wedding.(g) She was sentenced to three years' ,(h) Television programmes were interrupted by a special about

the plane crash,(i) l hope that we will soon see the of better relations between

our two countries.

14 -tionMake nouns ending in -tion from the following verbs, m aking anynecessary spelling changes. Then put each noun in its correct place inthe sentences below.

revolt repeat compete reduce acquîre pronounce producequalify solve introduce

(a) There's a Iot of among car manufacturers to sell most cars.(b) There are some differences in between British and

American English.(c) ls a degree a necessary for this job?(d) of the new sports car has been apected by a fire at the

factory.(e) They are tryinj to find a to the problem.(9 A book sometlmes sells better if it has an wrîtten by a

famous person.(g) Th, lrt gallqry is yqry pçogd pf its rvçqr!t pf q!l impprtqnt

palntlng.(h) There was a , The people rose up and overthrew the

government.(i) That must not happen again. There must be no of the

incident,j) That shop is offering a big in the price of its clothes.

15 Instructlons as above.

satisfy oppose explaln poblish abolish receive describedestroy deceive detaln

(a) The earthquake caused the complete of the village.(b) The party, or parties, against the government is called the .(c) He's flnlshed writlng his new book. will be next year.(d) The new film has had a very poor by the critics.(e) She did not get the money honestly and Iegally, She got it by

(f) Many people would Iike to see the of aII nuclear weapons.(g) He had to give hIs boss an for his absence.(h) Seven illegal immigrants are being held in at the port.

66


(i) His work is well-paid but doesn't give him much .(j) If you send us a of the missing propedyj we'll try to find it.

16 -ionMake nouns from the followinj verbs by adding -ion to the end. Puteach noun în its correct place ln the sentences below.

prevent interrupt elect protect suggest predict select reactinvent addict

(a) lf 1 can work all day without any , I can finish the job by thisevening.

(b) l can't make any about the result. l don't know howthe voting will go.

(c) What was his to the news? Was he pleased or angry?(d) RSPCA stands for the Royal Society for the of Cruelty to

Animals.(e) Hls of a new type of car engine brought him a Iot of money.(f) His to drugs nearly killed him.(g) RSPB stands for the Royal Society for the of Blrds.(h) What shall we do tomorrow? Swimmlng? Film? Museum? Has

anyone got a better ?(i) He was delighted by his - for the school football team.

17 -ationIn each space below put a noun ending in -ation made from the verb inbrackets below the phrase.

(a) a police () a serious(Investigate) (accuse)

(b) a wild (k) the of a meeting(exaggerate) (cancel)

(c) a heart (I) I'm futl of(operate) (admlra)

(d) . leather (m) the of words(imitate) (abbreviate)

(e) good (n) exam(pronounce) (prepare)

(f) the manager's (o) a political(resign) (demonstrate)

(g) agencies (p) state or prlvate(accommodate) (educate)

(h) Iinks (q) from poor countries(communicate) (emigrate)

(i) a vivid (r) to rich countries(imagine) (immigrate)

67



(a) a to charity(donate)

(b) a moment's(hesitate)

(c) a car with good(accelerate)

(d) a hotel -(reserve)

(e) a burning -(sense)

(f) a of song and dance(combine)

(9) a police(interrogate)

(h) a party(invite)

(i) of her health(deteriorate)

(j) a School(examine)

Nouns made from adjectives

(k) a timetable .--(alter)

(1) tourist(inform)

(m) an evening's(relax)

(n) of oId paintings(restore)

(o) 1 resisted the(tempt)

(p) the of a story(continue)

(q) a journey of(expùore)

(r) the of a book(translate)

(s) the of a speech(interpret)

(t) careful(punctuate)

1 Put in each space below a noun made from the adjective in bracketsafter the sentence.

(a) South Africa has great miqeral . (wealthy)(b) is one of the world's great problets. (poor)(c) Tell the . (true)(d) I must drink something. I'm dylng of . (thirsty)(e) I must eat something. I'm dying of . (hungry)(9 He was very brlght. He passed the exaT with . (easy)(g) ln his he travplled a lot. Now he ls too old. (young)(h) I don't know how to express my for your help. (grateful)(i) It's very late. There's not much of his coming now. (Iikely)() To be a soldier you need to be strong and in good .

(k)five years. (guilty)

(I) He escaped to by climbing over the prison wall.

(healthy)There was no doubt about his . He was sent to prison for

(free)

2 lnstructions as above,

(a) The of the president was announced on the radio. (dead)(b) In past wars soldîers were sometimes shot for . (cowardly)(c) He died to save the lives of others. It was an act of

(heroic)

68


(d) He was a very thoughtful, philosophical person. A man of great. (wise)

(e) She felt jreat at being treated so badly- (angry)(9 He left hls town to find - in the big city. (famous)(g) The tourists were impressed by the of the jewellery in the

museum. (splendid)(h) lt was a long, slow film. l nearly died of . (boring)(i) He was filled with at the terrible things he saw in thewar. (horrible)

(i) The ice quickly melted in the of the stln. (hot)(k) His was hurt when a younger man was given the job above

him, (proud)(l) l think it shows of character to admit you are

wrong. (strong)


(a) To be successfol you need abillty and you need - . (Iucky)(b) He was delighted by the of the welcome he

received. (warm)(c) The idea of going through the forest alone at night filsed her wîth

. (terrible)(d) The of the bridge is about two kilometres. (Iong)(e) The

of the road is not great enough to take largetrucks, (wide)

(9 What's the of that mountain? (high)(g) The of the water here is over three metres. (deep)

4 -ence -anceMake nouns ending in -ence or -ance from the following adjectives andput them in their correct places ln the sentences below

.

confident independent patient innocent reltlctant violentyresent silent elegant impnrtant convenient absentlntelllgent arrogant

(a) The police were there to pfevent any possible .(b) Thefe was complete except for the sound of the blrds

,(c) He was very unsure of himself. He dldn't have much .(d) She dressed with great - in clothes of the latest French

fashions.(e) Although he maintained

prison.(9 It doesn't matter. lt's of no .(g) What a silly thing to do. 1 thought he had more

.(h) He thinks he's thé only person who's right! What - I(i) Zimbabwe gâined its in 1975.

() He didn't Iike school, and went every day wîth great .(k) Please have a little . We must wait another hour

.(I) Please send the goods at your earliest .(m) The boss didn't believe that her was due to Illness

.(n) People normally stand in the of the Queen.

his to the end, he was sent to

69


5 -cyMake nouns ending in -cy from the following adjectives and put themin thelr correct places in the sentences below.obstinate private urgent efflclent accurate vacant frequentfluent

(a) Swiss watches are famous for their .(b) A for an office manager was advertised in the newspaper.(c) This is a matle? of great , lt must be discussed as soon as

possible.(d) Donkeys are known for their . They won't do what they're

told.(e) After five years in London, of course he speaks English with great

(f) He always did his job well. Everyone appreciated his .(g) The of this bus service is about one every ten mlnutes.(h) l don't Iike to be visited or phoned too much at home. I like my

6 -ity -nessMake nouns from the foilowing adjectives by adding -ity or -ness to theend, and put them in their correct places in the sentences below.

punctual bald dark deaf foolish popular slmisar kindvalid sad equal quiet

(a) He's worried about hIs increasing . He might get a wig.(b) What to leave a baby out in the hot sun.(c) The teacher insisted on .(d) Men and women should have of pay and opportunity.(e) I have some in my Ieft ear.(4 The international of the Beatles was amazing.(g) l Iike the of this street. lt's very peaceful.(h) There is some between German and Dutch.(i) She could see nothing in the .() you can get season tickets with a of 3, 6 or 1a mpnlh@,(k) Her death brought to aII her family.(l) Thank you for your to my mother when she was ill,

lnstructlons as above.stupld fcrmal weak neutral neat real blunt fondIll superior Christlan serious

(a) Don't laughlsituation.

(b) The principal religion of this area is .(c) The teacher gave a special mark for .(d) He proved his by wînning easlly.(e) Switzerland has a record of in past wars.(f) He spoke with such that many people were offended,(g) kept him away from work for a week.(h) l was surprised by the of the occasion. A1I the men wore

dark suits and ties.(i) Engîneers have found a in the brldge. They'll have to

strengthen it.

l don't think you understand the of the

70


j) The French for wine is well known. They Iike it a Iot.(k) He is always daydreaming: he never faces .

(1) What a crazy thlng to do. How could anyone behave with such?

8 -tyMake nouns ending in -ty from the following adjectives, making anynecessary spelling changes, then put them in their correct places inthe sentences below.

curious valn simple anxious brief ganerous necessaryclear gay varlous '

(a) He spoke with great . Everyone understood.(b) There's no to take the exam if you don't want to.@) We were disappointed by the of our stay in Paris. Two days

was not enough,(d) The children looked at the foreign stranger with .(e) There is increaslng - about thc missing children.(f) He is famous for his . He gives Iarge sums to charlty.(g) In spite of his fame, wealth and success, he Iives a life of great

(h) He's always Iooking at himself in the mirror. What !(i) In a big clty like London there's always a - of things to do in

the evening.(j) The music, dancing and decoration gave the party an atmosphere

of great .

9 -y .

Make nouns ending în -y from the following adjectives? making anynecessary spelling changes, then put them in their correct places Inthe sentences below.

traglc coudeous jealous envious cruel hypocrltlcal certalnbeautiful difficult furlous royal safe loyal

4: lii! !)F ' -. . . '.......i 1Ei$;. . .. IEh 1r:1, .d::l'.1l2 1:711 4EE1h 1r7. - .wD. 177 dr:bl ... lf'd::;l 1: . . '- 1::11 f::)t I i 1@: IEE) lr:li dEi:h ,15; 1Ei5) '' --................. .............................................................. ..........(b) NSPCd stands for the National Society for the Prevention of

to Chlldren.(c) The English Lake Distrlct is a place of great natural ,(d) ' ' and ' ' mean more or Iess the same.(e) Durîng the bombing, children were taken tc a place of

.(f) The newspapers described the deaths în the air crash as a .(g) At first he had jreat In understanding the language.

(h) That entrance Is reserved for and other impodant people.

(i) People reacted with to the President's speech andthousands of people atlacked his palace.

j) He says everyone is equal but he treats his employees badly.W hat 1

(k) I think they'll arrive tomorrow but no one is sure. There's not muchabout it.

(l) His wife supported him through aIl his troubles. She showed great

71


10 -inessMake nouns ending in -iness from the following adjectives, makîng anynecessary spelling changes, then put them in theîr correct places inthe sentences below.happy tidy ugly holy Iazy Ionely naughty lovely

(a) Living alone in the city, he suffered from at first.(b) A factory can be atlractive. It doesn't have to be a place of .(c) The birth of their baby daughter brought them a lot of .(d) He Iost his job because of his .(e) Please respect the of this religious place by not talking

Ioudly or smoking.(4 Their mother punished them for theîr in breaking the

window and telling Iies.(g) The teacher complimented her pupils on theîr . They had aIl

polished their shoes and combed thelr hair.(h) The of the view almost took my breath away,

11 -ion ementMake nouns ending in -ion or -ment from the following adjectives,making any necessary spelling changes, then put them in their correctplaces in the sentences below.cautious attractive perfect tense content excited

(a) After the revolution people were nervous about going into thestreets. There was an atmosphere of .

(b) She dances so beautifully she almost reaches .(c) In his oId age he Iives a llfe of peace, comfort and .(d) This animal is dangerous. It should be handled with the greatest

(e) The children's increased as Christmas Day drew near.(f) Tower Bridge in London is a major tourist .

Adjectives made from nouns

1 -y -IyThe addltion of -y or -ly to a noun often makes an adjective, e.g. awindy night, fatherly aduicet a daily newspaper.

Put each of the following words in its correct p'Iace in the sentencesbelow.salty grassy scholarly rainy frlendly ghostly weeklyyearly

(a) lt's a very academic, book,(b) It's been dry for two weeks but I think next weekend will be

(c) We found a nice place by the river for our picnlc.(d) Julla wlll help you. She's a very pleasant, girl.(e) The water of the Iake was rather , Iike sea-water,(4 A figure in white suddenly appeared before us.(g) He makes visits to his firm's head office in Paris, usually inAqril.

(h) 'T1me' is an American news magazine.

72


2 -ousIn each space below put an adjective ending in -ous made from thenoun in brackets below the phrase.

(a) a - plant (j) an politlcian(poison) (ambitîon)

(b) a - organisation (k) a soldler(religion) (courage)

(c) an journey (I) a eadhquake(adventure) (disaster)

(d) a movement (m) a fllm star(nerves) (fame)

(e) a country (n) an student(mountain) (industry)

(f) a story (o) an disease(humour) (nfection)

(g) a escape (p) a disappearance(miracle) (mystery)

(h) a machine (q) a - army(danger) (victory)

(i) a sunset (r) a - person(QIOry) (suspicion)

3 -icMake adjectives ending în -Ic from the following nouns, making anynecessafy spelling changes, then put them ln their correct places Inthe sentences below.

poetry al't drama sympathy climate photography democracyenergy scîence alcohol

(à) Whlkkf öf Ubkiidé is én drink.(b) She paints and draws, She's very .(c) Sweden and Brazil have different weather. They're in di#erent

Zones.(d) They have free elections. It's a country.(e) I feel very fit and today.(f) She bought a camera and other equlpment.(g) She likes physicsj chemistry and other subjects.(h) He was very patient and when 1 told him my problem.(i) She has a very imaginative, style of writing.j) The big doors suddenly opened and he entered, lt was very

73


4 -icalMake adjectives ending in -ical from the following nouns, maklng anynecessary spelling changes, then put them in their correct places Inthe sentences below.psychology grammar crlsis music politics medlcine alphabetclerk theatre practlce

(a) He sg:aks English fluectly but with some mistakes,(b) The lndex at the back of a book is in order.(c) l never go to concerts. I'm not at aII .(d) He's very . He can make and repair almost anythlng.(e) She could make a Iot of money in films, but she is more interested

in a career.(4 He's interested in affairs. He might enter parliament.(g) Physically he was unhurt, but he supered damage.(h) He treated her injury although he had no qualificatlons.(i) The doctors say her condition is now .(j) She wants a job. She has always liked office work.

5 ln each space below put an adjective made from the noun înbrackets after the phrase.

(a) a dress (fashion)(b) a army (triumph)(c) an letler (affection)(d) a table (clrcle)(e) - interests (Iiterature)(f) a house (sqburb)(g) a Shape (trlangle)(h) a child (trouble)(I) a chair (comfort)j) a business (profit)

(k) a athlete (muscle)(I) a paintlng (value)(m) a worker (skilq(n) a state (sociallsm)(o) a attempt (success)(p) a friend (trust)(q) a place (peace)(r) a day (memory)(s) a person (knowledge)(t) a country (distance)

Adjectives made from verbs

1 eableMake adjectives ending ïn -able from the following verbs, making anynecessary spelling changes, then put them in their correct places inthe sentences below.

change advise accept sult adjust read enjoy cureregret agree break depend

(a) lt's to book early, but not essential.(b) English weather is very . It's often different from day to day.(c) It was a mistake. I am very sorry.(d) Is 6.30 a time, or is it too early?(e) He's a very boy, You can rely on him.(f) Pack them carefully. They're .(g) You'll iike it. It's a very book.(h) You can raise the microphone or Iower it. It's .(i) Thank you for a very evening, We had a iovely tlme.j) We regret that late applications are not .(k) We'Il meet at 8 if you are aII .(I) Fortunately the cancer was and he is now well again.

74


2 -iveMake adjectives ending in -ive from the following verbs, making anynecessary spelling changes, then put them in their correct places inthe sentences below.

destroy attract produce inform deceive decide appreciateprotect create talk

(a) He was very of aII I had done for him.(b) The factory has been more since we bought new automatic

machines.(c) His appearance is , He's older than he looks,(d) Nuclear weapons are terribly .(e) His lecture was very . We Iearnt a Iot.(f) She's very . She paints, makes sculpture and designs

textiles,(g) She's a very girl. Men always Iike hes.(h) She was very . She told me aII about herself and her family.(i) Firemen wear clothing, otherwise they would get burnt,(j) He's not afraid to take action. He's very .

3 ln each space below put an adjective made from the verb inbrackets below the phrase.

(a) a body (h) an dog(die) (obey)

(b) a book (i) a district(bore) (reside)

(c) an car (l) a fish(economize) (slip)

(d) a neighbour (k) an film(quarrel) (educate)

(e) an chapter (I) a child(introduce) (spoil)

tfl an iilm (m) a cake(entertain) (stick)

(g) an policeman (n) an leaflet(observe) (explain)

Verbs mqde from nopns

In each space below put a verb made from the noun in brackets afterthe sentence.

(a) The teachers the pupils to study. (courage)(b) I want to my house by building an extra room. (extent)(c) Fireworks - dogs and cats. (fright)(d) The doctor gave her sorpe tablets to the pain. (reliefl(e) If the ambulance doesn't come soon, he'll to

death. (blood)(f) The pnlice can't that he committed the crime. (proofl(g) More floods could hundreds of homes. (danger)

75


(h) The police are trying to the body. (identity)(i) They plan to the bridge by buildlng more stonq

suppods. (strength)() She said women must themselves from male

domination. (Iiberty)(k) The smoke was so dense that we could hardly , (breath)(l) My brother and I decided to the monoy we found. (halfl(m) Why can't they the break so that we have time for a

coffee? (length)

Verbs made from adjectives-en

Make verbs ending in -en from the followîng adjectives, making anynecessary spelling changes, then put them in their correct places Inthe sentences below.

tîght less sweet locse deep straight weak flat worsesharp bright Iight rlpe quiet broad dark deaf wide

(a) Tomorrow will begin dark and cloudy but it will later.(b) You can the risk of theft by locking your bicycle.(c) These apples in June.(d) You should this dish by adding sugar.(e) The hospital phoned to warn that her husband's condition was

beginning to .(f) This road is very narrow but they're planning to it.(g) He managed to the ropes round his wrists and escape.(h) They decided to the ship by thsowing some machinery into

the sea.(i) 1 don't know how that Ioud disco music doesn't people.(j) They are going to that rough area to make a football pitch.(k) Whan the evenlng began to , we turned on the Iights.(I) They are going to the harbour so that it can take bigger

ships.(m) Have you a knife? I want to my pencil.(n) Foreign travel will your experience.(o) She gave the noisy baby a toy to lt.(p) Can you that picture on the wall? It's crooked.(q) That screw's Ioose. it with a screwdriver.(r) The boxer began the fight strongly but began to in the fifth

round.

76


SPECIALIZED VO CABULARY

Fofm al W ordsThe three passages below are written in formal English

. They containwords and structuses which are often found in notices

, regulations andformal lelters but which are not common in ordinary everydayconversation.

1 Put each of the following formal words in its correct place in thenotlce below.

enqulre produce facilitate stating seek obligatoryattend admitted leave

ALL COLLEGE STUDENTS

lf you wish to obtain a ccrtiricate of registration you willbc requlrcd to (a) your admissicn slip. A notc fromyour teachcr (b) that you (c) your classrrgularly is not (d) - but wilt grcatly (e) - matters.If you (f) advicc, please (g) at the officc

.Overscas students shotlld be aware that studcnts arc(h) to tht college only on condition that they have

obtained (i) to study from thc Hcme Office.

2 Put each ot the following words or phrases in lts correct place in thepassage below.provide prior notlfy ln possessfon of additlonal further' desireln excess of held retaln locations termlnatlng

Condit-lons of Car Rental

Diiéiri riiiist lipve (a) a vslld ériviog iicence for tk mznimum of thrqeyears. Overueasvialtora zhould be (b) a Brlilahor ltlùernatlonal lleence.

Cttt's rented from oîa Lonqon of5ce mwy only be returned io our other offices(MancheyterzBrjstol, Oxford) by (e) arrangemenù and onpxymqnt of an(d) çllarge.

Ifadriverfailsio return xtmr ùg us byone week afker ùhe azreed (e) dafe,we will be obliggd to inform dhe police.

Epeclal rates are availlkble for periodg (f) three montbu.

Drivea who (g) to (h) the car ror p longer duration should(î) ùhe compxuy wa soon aa ponslble.

We al,o hav. offices sù tï number or (j) inscokltmd. Our Londonofflcewill be pleasud to (k) (l) deiails.

77


3 Instructlons as above.

funds commencement ensurerequested prior to under'take

ln duration commences departsassist attire appropriate

TOUR OF SOUTHERN âv z4f#

The f/lfr is ./bl/r/dea days (a) and (b) t7ll Satltrday1 1 JlI?ld, bghen Slf?* ltlxtlry CO/C/I 4CJ from 0llr LolldLïlloffice. The price. whfc/l shottld be paid at least /e?l days(d) the (e) (?J the fslfr, is ï?lc/lfWsre of J//àrc/l3'ptil'/,meals c/1# accontmodation, èlf/ trayellers shottld (J)thal they take wf/à them adeqttate (g) 1or extracxp:/lJel'-

f?1 the d1'e?1f of the cance/lc/foa of the I/ar wd (h) torefttlld the complete ap10N?1/ paid. The J/lfr grollp W1'5 beJrrsznpaaïetf by a courier, pv/f/ will (i) - members of lhegroup at all /ira:,5'.

Trabvllers are (j) to wear (k.) (l) ybr b'isitsto churches and other holy places.

4 Make the foilowing phrases more formal byrreplacing each word orphrase àn italics witb a word or phrase from one of the groups in theabove three exercises. In some cases it is necessary to make a smallchange in, or addition to, the words or phrases.e.g. the train Ieaves at 07.15 the train departs at 07.15

we agree to do the work we undertake to do the work

(a) as# at the statîon(b) to make things easier(c) before our arrival(d) a prevlous engagement(e) she will help us(f) more than E1 00(g) more infôrmation(h) lellLhe company(i) the beginnîrtg of the course(j) sufficient moneyîol expenses(k) keep yotlr ticket(I) they'll give more information

(m) you must have a valîdpassport

(n) the tour will end in Paris(o) they go to a prfmary school(p) h: was allowed to enter(q) the regulations say that . . ,(r) if you want information(s) he has permissionkobe absent(t) show your driving Iicencs(u) make sure you have

permission(v) you are asked to be punctual

78


Slang and Colloquial W ords

1 Slang is vocabulary which is used in very informal spoken languagebut not considered good in formal 'correct' English- For example aslang word for 'thank you' is lta' and a slang word for 'mad' ls 'nuts'

.

The slang words in the sentences below are printed in italics. Replace

each slang word with a word or phrase from the following Iist.made friend televlsion policeman discarded nuisancepoundts) cigarettes alcohol prison without money

(a) He smokes 30 fags a day. Too manyl(b) He drinks a Iot. He must spend twenty quid a week on booze.(c) He thought his meal was overcooked. When the waiter brought his

bill he kicked up a fuss and would not pay.

(d) l Iost 2500 at a casino Iast night. l'm absolutely skint.(e) My mate stole a car. Now he's în the nick.(f) She got bored with her boyfriend and ditched him.(g) There's a good film on the box tonight, but I've got to go out. What

a drag'(h) I wouldn't Iike to be a copper directing tra#ic in the street in this

bad weather.

2 Colloquial words are wosds which are quite acceptable in spokenEnglish but not ln written English (except in informal îetters to friendsetc.). For examqle we might siy, 'He's a nice chapz' but we wouldprobably write, 'He is a pleasant man.' (The tine between slang andcolloquial words is not at a1I clear and many words consîderedcolloquial by some peopse would be considered slang by others

-)The colloquial words in the sentences below are printed in italics

.

Replace each colloquial word with a word or phrase from the followingIist.

clru rj j vefy good (jpjj Id shbu à I è:j bi ijjlé dld iil lii j i kliiwithout money toilet possesslons newspaper upper class

(a) Her boss said he would sack her If she was Iate again.(b) There's a supsrfllm on at the plctures this week.(c) I-le made a lot of money and now he lives in a very posh district.(d) When 1 was a kid I went everywhere by bike.(e) My grandfather usually has a snooze afler Iunch.(f) D1d you really find t50, or are you kiddingg(g) She Iives in just one room and has to share a kitchen, bathroom

and Ioo with the other people in the house.(h) 1'm broke. Can you lend me some money?(i) I'm afraid I drank too much and got a bit merry.() You can't belîeve everything you read in the paper.(k) She's very untidy. She Ieaves her sf/fflying aII over the place.

Slang

Colloquial words

79


Am erican W ords

1 The American words ln the sentences below are printed in italics.Replace each American word or phrase with a British wcrd orphrase from the following Iist.

fall rise chemist caretaker playing truant flattap napples holâdays ordinary uniformed policemanpavement trouserB saloon car postman post

(a) His mother thought he was at schoolhookey. He'1l probabiy flunk his exams.

(b) The kitchen falcel in my apartment isn't working. I'iI tell thejanitor. He'Il get it fixed.

(c) Blue-collar workers are asking for a pzphike and Ionger paidvacatîons.

(d) The dog attacked the mailman and tore his panls.(e) Do you have a rakoad scheduleg l want an early traîn for Chiqagc

tomerrow.(f) A patrolman reporled a light-blue sedan parked right across the

sidewalk on 3rd Street.(g) She has a Iittle baby so she has to make regular visits to the

drugstore to buy diapers.(h) When the waiter handed me the check after the meai. I found that

l had no moneyl(i) How much does it cost to mail a letter to Australia?

but in fact he was playing

railway timetablebill

2 Instructions as above.petrol jam speclallze (unlverslty studies) garden wlndscrepn llftunderground cinema university queue maths (mathematics)shops sweets rubbish note petrol statîon autumnsecondary school ground floor

(a) We had to ztanli /c? lllw gj !pq çllçviqïlhqptqç I:qt niiht!b) our back yard looks lovely in ihe falt. t'he Ieavèd oi thè treé: ttjfh(brown and red.

(c) He wants to major in math at college when he Ieaves ht'kh school.(d) When ypu stop for gas at a gas station, they sometimes clean your

windshleld.(e) We had to bug a 1ot at the storesî then we took the subway home.(9 The elevator's broken down again, but it doesn't matter. We Iive

on the fîrst floor.(g) She Iikes candy and bread and butter with jelly on it. They're bad

for her teeth.(h) The only money 1 have is a twenty dollar bill.(i) In this district they only collect the garbage once a week.

80


Vocabulary

Newspaper Headlines

1 Cedain words are found in newspaper headlines sometimes with adiperent meaning from that of their normal use. For each of thefollowing 'headline words' on the Ieft, find an item on the right with thesame meaning (it will help you if you look at the headlines in exercise2 below).(a) AXE(b) BlD

(c) BLAST(d) BLAZE(e) CLASH(9 CURB(g) DRAMA(h) ENVOY(i) H1T(i) POLL(k) PROBE(l) QUIT(m) QUIZ(n) RIDDLE(o) SEEK(p) SLASH(q) STORM(r) TOLL(s) WED(t) WOO

2 In headlines, as well as special vocabulary being used, some words(a

, the, som ,e be, been etc.) arepften omitted, abbreviations arecommon. and verb tenses are sometimes used differently. Explain the

-following headllnes in sîmple Englis y.he.g. UK TO SEND MOREAID TO GHANA

The United Kingdom is going to send more help to Ghana.

(a) ARMY AXES 3 BASES, () POLICE PROBE MISSING2,000 MEN W OMAN RIDDLE

(b) BID TO REACH NORTH (k) TOP SCIENTIST QUITS UKPOLE FAILS F0R US

(c) HOTEL BLAST KILLS 8 (l) 3 QUIZZED OVER BOY'S(d) ANIMALS DIE IN 2OO KIDNAP

BLAZE(e) US, USSR CLASH OVER

ARMS CURBS(9 3 SAVED IN FLATS BLAZE

DRAMA(g) ENVOY ACCUSED OF

SPYING(h) TOURISTS HIT BY PILOTS'

STRIKE(i) PM ANNOUNCES MARCH

POLL

(m) FILM STAR SEEKSDIVORCE

(n) AlR FARES SLASHED TOW OO HOLIDAY MAKERS

(o) jTORM AT UN OVER'SPIES' ACCUSATION

(p) EARTHQUAKE TOLLREACHES 27

(q) ACTOR TO WED FORFIFTH TIME

flreclose down, dismiss (usually for economlcreasons)conflîct, disagreetment), fight, fightingdiplomatexciting or dramatic eventatlemptexplosionaffect badlyvote, electlon, public opinion surveyreduce, reduction, limitinvestigate, investigationquestion, interrogate, interviewreduce drasticallyleave, depart, resijnattractj interest, wIn the supporl ofIook for, want, ask formysterymarryangry argumenttotal number of dead

81


Abbreviations

Abbreviations are a common part of Ianguage. We use many of themin spoken Enqlish, pronounctng them either as initials (BBCI EEC,FBl) or sometlmes as complete words in themselves (NATO, OPEC).Some abbreviations are used only in the writlen form (Bros, St, Esq)and other abbrevlations represent the original L atin or occasionallyFrench or ltalian words and are spoken quite differently from their

written form (lb, 02).1 Put each of the foilowing abbreviations in its correct qlace in thesentencos below. The full version of each abbreviation ls given at theend of the exercise.AA BBC C of E lTV MI5 OHMS BA BR M4 NSPCCRSPCA in oz cIo ft lb Rd Esq

(a) Non-commercial radio and television in Britain is controlled by the

(b) The investigates cases of cruelty to children.(c) The qrotects and cares for animals.(d) The ls the biggest organization for motorists ln Britain.(e) if asked which church they belonged to, most English people

would say .(f) is the main British state securlty organization, responsiblefor acting against foreijn espionage.

(g) operates the rallway system in Britain.(h) Letters from government offices usually have the ànitials on

the envelopes.(i) The first degree in an arts subject from a British university is the

(j) The runs from London to the south-west of England.(k) Most people enjoy watching the commercials (advedisements)

between programmes.(l) The weight of the parcel was 3 10 .(m) The Iength of the room is 22 6 .(n) John M Carter -,

Mr and Mrs R Waters,21 Feltham - ,London SW 6.

Automobile AssociationBachelor of AdsBritish Broadcastlng CorporationBritish Railcare ofChurch of EnglandEsquire (formal title for a manused in addresses)

foot/feet (1 ft = 0.3048 m)lnchtes) (1 in = 2.54 cm)Independent TelevisionMotorway No 4

Miiitary Intelligence DepartmentNo 5

National Society for thePrevention of Cruelty toChildren

On Her Majesty's Serviceouncets) (1 oz = 28.36 g)poundts) (1 lb = 0.454 kg)RoadRoyal Society for the Preventionof Cruelty to Anlmals.

82



ClA F:I KGB OPEC UK USA EEC UN USSR

(a) The was set up ln 1945 to keep world peace and helplnternational co-operation.

(b) The is often called the Common Market.(c) Most countries which export oiI belong to .(d) The is responsible for state security in the Soviet Union

.(e) The American worksl normally secretly, to collectinformation about other countrles.

(9 is a military alliance of the USA, Canada, and most W estEuropean countrles, Greece and Turkey.

(g) The ynvestigates crime in America.(h) There are fifly states in the ,(l) Moscow is the capftal of the - ,() The consists of Great Britain (England, Scotland, Wales,

the Channel lslands and the Isle of Man) and Northern Ireland.

NATO

Central lntelligence AgencyEuropean Economic CommunityFederal Bureau of lnvestlgationKomitet GosudarstennoiBezopasnosti

North Atlantic TreatyOrganization

Organlzation of PetroleumExporting Countries

United KingdomUnited NationsUnited States of AmericaUnion of Soviet SoclalistRepublics

3 Instructions as above.AD PTO OF PS St BC Bros OC BSVP NB No

(a) I didn't kqow anWhing was written on the other side of the page.Why didn't w u write at the bottom?

(b) INTERNATIONAL FOOTBALL. ENGLAND SPAIN.(c) The address of the firm wjs written as, 'Johnson , 82 EastD

ock , London E5.(d) The Roman general, Julius Caesar, came to Britain over 2,000

years ago in 55 .(e) dandidates in this exam must answer question 1 and any

two others. Answers must be wrltlen in pe ,n not pencil.Th

e summer temperature in Britain rises to about 80 , that's(f)about 27 - .

(g) That house is more than 100 yeafs old. lt has ' 1877' on thewall.

(h) The wedding invltation had written onit, so I replied atOnCe.

(i) After finishing the Ietter to his parents, he thought for a momentand then added '- Please send more money.

'

Anno Domini (in the year of ourLord)

Before ChristBrothersdegrees Celsius or centigradedegrees FahrenheitNota Bene (note carefully)

NumberPtease Turn OverPostscriptRépondez s'il vous plaît (pleasereply)

Stfeetvefsus (against)

83


PAIRS O F W O RDS OFTEN CONFUSED

Choose the correct word for each space below.

1 Iose/loose(a) Look aher that money or you'll it,(b) That screw is a bit - . You'd better tighten It.(c) The opposite of 'to find' is 'to '.(d) l tied the dog to a tree but it got and ran away.2 their/there(a) The students brought books.(b) They are having - breakfast.(c) are my friends!(d) It's a nice place. l often go .3 advice/advise(a) I you to see a doctor.(b) She didn't Ilsten to her father's .(c) I'm very grateful to you for your .(d) l really don't know what to .4 practice/practise(a) They need more .(b) They're qianists. They six hours a day.(c) You won't increase your typing speed if you don't get more

(d) She took a job in a travel agency to her Ianguages.5 weather/whether(a) 1 doq't know to see that film or not.(b) Thelr holiday was sjoilt by bad ,(c) What's the llke? ls it sunny?(d) She can't decide she ought to marry him.6 bppid:/b:jides .Yj Thé piiàt 6ffièé ià the àiriëma.(b) They always sit each other ln class-(c) There are several big parks in London Hyde Park.(d) What Ianguages does he speak English?7 stationery/stalionary(a) The bus stood in the traffic jam for 20 minutes.(b) The teache? got some paper from the suhool cupboard.(c) The weather system over Western Europe has been for two

days.(d) The office staff were told to use paper more carefally, since the

bill the month before had been very high.

8 acceptlagree(a) He thlnks she's beautiful but l don't - with him.(b) This machine does not damaged coins.(c) They will only to do the job if you pay them first.(d) He cannot the fact that his wife is dead.

84


9 comprehensive/understanding(a) A priest is normally a patient, person.(b) lt's a very - book. lt covers al1 aspects of the subject,(c) London taxi drivers have a very knowledge of the clty.(d) Whatever stupid thlngs he did, his mother was always and

she fnrgave him,

10 sensible/sensitive(a) It's to save part of your salary every month,(b) Don't laugh at him. He's very about his appearance,(c) lt's cold. I think it would be to take a warm poat with you.(d) My skin is very to the sun. Film ls to Iight.

11 actually/now(a) Ten years ago he had nothlng; he is a millionaire.(b) I've lost contact with him. I don't know where he is .(c) ls that necklace made of gold?(d) Tell me the truth. What happened?

12 control/check(a) The qolice were unable to the football fans, who ran on to

the pttch fighting and shouting.(b) An inspector came along the tratn to - all the tickets.(c) He's really a wild boy. His parents can't him.(d) l advlse you to aIl your exam answers before you hand your

Paper in.

13 teacher/professof(a) The told his class to do their homework carefully.(b) When I was at school I had a vely good history .(c) He taught at the universlty for many years btlt he never became a

(d) Bolton is headYork. .

of the Chemistry Faculty at the Universlty of

14 affect/effect(a) Th9 PqpiêhqrlVç.lt h:d qp on him. A: yçpn gg he left ptjyqn

he begai io steal agaln.(b) The new taxes will the rich, they'll have to pay more.(c) The higher bus fares won't me. 1 have a car.(d) The mediclne had an immediate . l felt better at once.

15 past/passed(a) l've the exam!(b) She the post office on her way home, but forgot to jo in.(c) The thief hid in a doorway and thF policeman ran hlm.(d) lt was midnight when I finally got to bed.

16 econom ic/economical(a) lt isn't very to Ieave the Iights on when you're not in the

room .(b) Because of the recent strikes, the situation of the country is

very bad.(c) She's an economist. She's an expert in - matters.(d) It's a very Iittle car. It uses very little petrol.

85


17 principal/principlets)(a) Telling lies is against his .(b) He believed in the that a11 men are equal.(c) Mr Williams is the of this college.(d) Oxford Street is one of the shopping streets of London.

16 grateful/thankful(a) 1'm very to you for your help,(b) He Fas very ashamed of what he had done and was that

his family dldn't know about it.(c) We were alI that the weather was good fo? the picnic.(d) She was very to her parents for their advice and support.

19 lend/borrow(a) Can you me some money till Monday?(b) Britaln had to some money from the World Bank.(c) We books from the Iibrary.(d) 1'11 you my car if you promise to drive carefully.

20 quite/quiel(a) lt's noisy here. Let's find a piace.(b) I'm satisfied, thank you.(c) Sometimes she Ionged for the peace and of the country,(d) He hadn't - finished when I came in.

21 canaltsl/chanpel(a) The shodest sea-route from Europe to lndia is through the Suez

(b) Before railways the - between cities were impcrtant routes oftransport.

(c) The seaway between Britain and France is oRen called the Engiish

(d) He was bored by the television programme so he changed to'adifferent .

22 Prlceless/valueless(Z) V6C MzirltirlM tofzcd OUt to bo j SO 1 threW it aWay.y yjyg qusjj Jyoyjg g tjj; syuj syxjj cérjpyt ys yjyytjjyg yysy1 ) Y '

are .(c) The contpnts of the British Museum are, of course, . They

are of incalculable value,(d) Although these stamps are , I like them for their colotlr and

design,

23 invaluable/wodhless(a) A cassette-recorder is In a pronunciation class.(b) Thank you so much for your advice. lt was ,(c) The information was completely false, quite .(d) These bank notes are no longer in use. I'm afraid theylre .

24 continuously/contlnually(a) She is coming late!(b) It ralned for three hours this morning.(c) The flremen worked through the night to put out the flames,(d) I'm afraid you make the same mîstakes in your work-

86


25 hafd/hardly(a) She's a worker.(b) She works very .(c) I was so tired I could -- speak.(d) He had - got home when the phone rang.

26 avoid/prevent(a) l try to - travelling in the rush hour. It's so tiring

.(b) The police managed to the crowd from moving forward,(c) We must do something to such a thing happening again.(d) He swerved to the left to tye car coming towards him.

27 maybe/may be(a) We don't know where he is. He in America.(b) We don't know where he is. - he's in America

.(c) He's not in the office today. he's ill.(d) lt that he's still in France. I don't know.

28 rise rose risen/raise raised raisede.g. Taxes will rise. He ralsed his hat

.

The sun rises in the east. Prices will be ralsed by manyW hen the President shopkeepers

.

entered, everyone rose. Raise your hand if you have aTheir hopes are rising. question.

Choose the correct verb in each sentence below.

(a) They (rose/raised) their glasses and drank to the haqpy couple.(b) Of course prices always (rise/raise) in a time of inflatlon

.(c) The smoke (rose/raised) hlgh into the air.(d) College fees will be (rlsen/raised) from next September

.(e) The two parts of Tower Brjdge (rise/raise) to allow ships to gothrough.

(9 The two parts of the bridge are (risen/raised) by very powedulmachinery.

(g) She. couldn't hear. him so he (rose/raised) his voice;(h) 7he water level has (risen/raibed) six inches ln the last three days

.(i) The number of deaths in traffic accidents (rises/raises) every year

.()) He (rose/raised) his head and Iooked at her.29 steal stole stolen/rob robbed robbedeag. Someone stole 210 from A gang robbed the bank of

her. C10,000.

Q10 was stolen from her. The bank was robbed of 210,000.

Chnose the correct verb in each sentence below.

(a) He (stole/robbed) a bottle of whisky from the shop.(b) He was stopped and (stolen/robbed) by two armed men

.(c) Two banks were (stolen/robbed) last week,(d) lf you Ieave your money there, it'll be (stolen/robbed)

,(e) Someone's (stolen/robbed) my wallet!(f) They were planning to (steal/rob) a shop.(g) She (stole/robbed) some olothes from her emplgyers

.(h) We've been (stolen/robbed). Look, aII our silver's gone!(i) In the oId days they used to hang people who (stole/robbed)

sheep.

87


30 Iie lay, Iain/lay Iaid laide.g. Swltzerland lies in centralEurcpe.

He Iay down on the grass.His clothes were Iying onthe floor.

lt had lain hidden forcenturles.

Chocse the correct verb in each sentence below.

(a) Windsor (Iies/lays) on the Thames west of London.(b) She gave the baby a kiss and (lay/laid) it on the bed.(c) Hurry up1 (Lie/Lay) the table!(d) The dogs entered the room and (Iay/laid) down near the flre.(e) He had (Iain/laid) on the pavement for twenty minutes befnre help

Cam e.(f) He ordered the dog to (Iie/lay) the newspaper at his feet.(g) He ordered the dog to (lie/lay) down,(h) Thls table has been carelessly (Iain/laid).(i) AIl his belongings were (Iylng/laying) in a mess on the floor.j) The poder had to (lie/lay) the Iuggage down and take a breath.(k) The Queen (Iay/laid) the foundation stone of this building in 1965.(I) The soldiers ordered the terrorists to (Ile/Iay) down their arms, and

then to (lie/lay) down on the ground with their hands behind theirbacks.

Lay the bcoks on the table.He laid his hand on my shoulder.The hen has Iaid an egg.The bricks were laid badly.

31 remember/reminde.g. I remember meeting you in Paris Iast year.

Please remember to turn off the lights when you go.Sorry, l can't remember your name.I hope he remembers he must phone me.

Please remlnd me to post this Ietter,You remind me of my brother.I must remind you that the exam is next week.Did yöù féttiihd l1ët àböut bur meet ng omorrow

Choose the correct verb in each sentence below.

(a) What's Sandra's phone number? I can't (remember/remind).(b) Some parts of the city (remember/remind) me of my home town.(c) l must (remember/remind) to get some stamps from the post o#ice

today.(d) 1 (remember/remind) coming here when I was a child,(e) She (rem:mbered/reminded) the class to be at the station early for

the trip to the seaside.(9 He's very forgetful. His children always have to

(remember/remind) him about his wife's bidhday.(g) Please (remember/remind) that the ABC Company is our most

important customer.(h) I have to (remember/remind) you that our business with the ABC

Company is very imporlant to us.(i) Do you (remember/remind) if I Iocked the door when we Ieû the

house?() There's Johnl Oh, that (remembers/reminds) me! He owes me

Some money.

88


KEY

Topics

Books and Reading (p. 7)1 (a) atlas (b) textbook (c) dictionary(d) encyclopaedla (e) thrilter (f) manual(g) guldebook (h) Who's Who 2 (a) ,bookworm(b) brewse (c) illustratlons (d) glossal'y(e) Iootnotes (f) blbllography (g) borrow (h) tine(i) revlews () published 3 (a) Contenls page:normally at the front. tells #ou what the book conlains,In order of chaplefs or pages. Index: ln alphabetlcalorder and usually at the back, a Iist of names, placesetc- mentponed ln the book with page references.

.. ... .. E . . . .. .......(b). A.bookshop..sells..booksl...a..libri/..lends.themz.............. .......... ... .....(c) An authof writes bogks; a publlsher prlnts andsells them. (d) You Iend somethlng l/someone, andborrow from someone. (e) A blography: someone'sIifo story. An autobiography: a biojraphy wrltten by itssubject. (f) Flction: imaglnary wrltlng. Non-fictlon:factual writing. Retefence bocks: information books.4 (a) frum (b) at (c) at (d) in (e) up - , . In(f) b: (g) On

(d) performance (e) toyar (4 poster(g) ushgrette (h) screen (i) row (j) alsle(k) cartoon (I) trailer (m) horror2 (a) jerforrnance (b) rcle (c) cast (d) director(e) studlo (f) Iocalion (g) documentary(h) criticat (l) box office (j) plot 3 (a) on (b) in(c) on (d) on at (e) on (f) at (g) for (h) to(i) on (I) at (k) at (t) to . . . in (m) at

Doctors and Hospitals (p- 10)1 (a) general practitioner (b) nurse(c) psychiatrist (d) patient (e) ln-patlent(f) oubpatlent (g) surnaon (h) casualty(iJ mtdwife () medlcal student (kj speciaIlst2 (a) raceptionist (b) walting room(c) appolntment (d) symptoms (e) examlne(I) stethoscope (g) ptllse (h) temperalure(i) thermemeter (j) prescrlptlon (k) chemlst(1) treatment (m) ward (n) operalion3 (a) on (b) to (c) from (d) in (e) with(9 lf (gJ forEducatlon (p. 11)1 (a) nursery school (b) prlmary (c) aeademlc(d) terms (e) break up (() secondary(g) cc-educatlonal (h) ccmpulsol (i) slate() prlvate (i) graduate (I) degree (m) tutcrlal(n) seminar (o) Iecture (p) grant (q) faes2 (a) Studenls sit an exam. Examiners set an exam.(b) Taje an exam: atlempt the questions. Pass anexam: ba successful. (c) Ccmpulsory: required byIaw or regusatlon, Voluntary: performed by Iree choice.(d) Schcols and universltles educate people. Parentsbrlng them up. (e) A pupll: a chlld at schccl. Astudent: normally an older person and at college oruniversity, 3 (a) to (b) at , . - of (c) in (d) at(9)......t9... ..(f..)......i.pt..p .......(g).......kp...........(.h... ).....q!. .(i.) ....in .. (j) frtlm..... k) jj(

Elections and Government (p. 12)1 (a) predict (b) oplnlon pcll(c) electlcn campaign (d) suppod (e) vote(9 poltlng statlon (g) polllng dav (h) ballot box(i) candldata 2 (a) one-par'ty slates (b) majefity(c) ckpositlon (d) coalitlon (e) cabinet(f) pflme minister (g) left-wln; (h) righbwing(l) split (I) alliance 3 (a) pro-: for, In support of.Anl1-: agalnst. (b) An election: when people vcte fora person nr persons to repiesent them. A referendum:when a. natlen Motes on ona particular issue.4 (a) for (b) in (c) agalnst (d) to (e) with(f) between (g) In

Flats and Houses (p. 13)1 (a) tlat (b) self-containe: (c) rent(d) advedlsements (e) accommodatlon aqenc:(f) bïook (9) fee (h) landtor: (l) deposlt(I) references 2 (a) terraced (b) cramped(c) spaclous (d) estate agent (e) semi-detached(f) stlrveyor (q) condltlen (h) removals(I) archltect (l) detached (R) builder 3 (a) Alandlord owns property and recelves fent for 1t. Atenant pays rent for the use nf a roomr flat, or other

cars (p. ô)1 (a) boot (b) aerial (c) windscreen (d) bonnet(e) bumper (9 number plate (g) headllghts(h) tyre (I) englne (I) windscreen wipers(k) wheel (l) exhnust pspe (m) gear lever(n) rear-vlew mlrror (o) dashboard(p) steerlng wheel (q) seat belt(r) accelerator (pedal) (s) headresl(t) brake (pedal) (u) clutch (pedalj2 (a) fue! consumptlun . . . mpg . . , petrol tank(b) performance (c) vehicle - . . rear(d) Instruments (e) overtake (f) reverse (g) body(h) Indlrale

Clnema aqd Films (p. 9)1 (a) clnema (b) revlew (c) critîc

89

Air Travel (p. 5)1 (a) ctleck in (b) trolley (c) checj-in desk(d) check (e) excess baggage (9 copveyor belt(g) hand ltlggage (h) immigratlon offlcer(i) securlty guard () deparlure Iounge(k) duty free (1) depadures board(mJ announcement (n) board (o) depadure gate(p) secklrlty check (q) passengers (r) on board(s) taxi (t) runway (u) take off 2 (a) alrllner(b) cabin crew (c) aisle (d) turbulence(e) seat belts (f) headphenes (g) Iand 3 (a) bv(b) off (c) thtough (d) at (e) to - . - otf (f) In(:) On (h) atBank Accounts (p. 6)1 (a) open (b) account (c) tormalllies(d) branrh (e) fIIl in (f) bank charges(g) overdlaft 2 (a) current (b) interest(c) cheque (d) deposit (e) wlthclraw (4 notice3 (a) statement (b) deposit (c) withdrawal(d) balance (e) slandlng order 4 (a) expendltufe(b) income (c) overdrawn (d) keep a record(e) ccuntecfoll (f) crossed (g) cash 5 (a) from(b) in (c) fcr (d) to (e) at (f) out of (g) from


property. (b) A house ustlallg llas twc or morastoreys. A bungalow has only cne. . (c) The greundfloor is at ground level. The first floor is abcve theground fleor. 4 (a) on (or of) (b) in (c) Into(d) with (a) Ior (f) on (g) in (h) in (I) at - , - in(I1 ofFood and Restaurants (p- 14)1 (a) conkery books (b) dlsh (c) recipe(d) Ingredlents (e) snack (f) eat out (g) waiter(h) menu (i) bill (J) tIp (k) fast fcod(I) take-away 2 (a) entertalning (b) cutlery(c) napkln (d) starter (e) maln course(f) vegetarian (g) diet (h) slde dlsh (i) desseft(l) washing up (R) slnk (l) crockery3 (a) A buffet: a meal when pecple help-themselMesto food Iald out on a tabje, and often eat standlng up.A banquet: a jrand meal Icr a Iot of people on aspeclal occaslon, (b) Overceoked: cooked toomuch. Undercooked: not cooked enough- Raw:uncooked: (c) A chef ceeks In a restaurant or hotel.A ratàrer cffers a servica providing fuod and drink forspecial occaslons. (d) A café: a restaurant olferingsimple meals and snacks. A canteen; a restaurant lna factory, oflice, school etc- 4 (a) for (b) out(c) dewn (d) to (e) tc (9 to (g) at (h) of(I) out (11 ln (k) up

Gambling, Smoking and Drlnqing (p. 15)1 (a) compulslMe gamblers (b) bettlng(c) games of chance (d) fodune (e) wreck(9 odds (g) bookmakers (h) punters (i) casino(j) broke 2 (a) addictlon (b) craving(c) chain-smoke (d) put out (e) antisccial(f) stalrled (g) ash trays (h) harmful (1) packet(j) fatal 3 (a) sefl drlnks (b) teetotallers (c) sIp(d) sociable (e) spirlts (f) tlpsy (g) drunk(h) hangover (1) alcoholics () sober 4 (a) on(b) up . . . down (c) out (d) lo (e) onlnduste and Agrlculture (p, 16)1 (a) ecenomy (b) produce (c) preducts(d) shipyards (e) plants (f) boom (g) slump(h) nattlrat resources (i) import (j) expod(k) markets 2 (a) self-sufflclent (b) Iarmers(c) dams (d) .lrrigate. . (e) .fertlllzers (f). fedlle(g) rrops (h) harvest (I) Ilvestock (j) agrsruttural3 (a) O1l Is extracted from lbe groun: at an ollfield.lt is puflfle:l and made ready for use at a reflnery.(b) Coal or gold etc. are taken from under the grounùat a mine. Stone is taken from the surface at a quarry.(c) The producer manufactures goods. The consumerbuys them to use. (d) To plotlgh: lo break and turnover eadb- To sow: $0 put seeds into ploughedearth. 4 (a) on (b) in (c) of (d) from(f!) i n ( f) t () '

lnternatlonal Relatlons (p. 1?)1 (a) Ieader (b) hold (c) summit meeting(d) prellmlnary (e) agenda (f) item(g) news conference (h) spokesman(I) breakdown (j) superpowers (k) settle2 (a) spllt (b) in protest at (c) break off(d) dlplomatic relaticns (e) ambassadors(9 embassies (g) resume (h) Ilnks3 (a) on - . . for (b) by (c) at . . . ln (d) about(e) of (f) In . . - at (g) over . . . for

Law and Order (p. 18)1 (a) investigate (b) arrest (c) handcuff(d) charge (e) theft (f) fingefprints (g) cell(h) 'detained ''' (i) court ''' '(J)'' magistrate ' (It) 'oath .. .

90

(l) pleaded (m) witnesses (n) evidence(o) found (p) flne (q) sentence 2 (a) sollcltor(b) trial . . . jury . . . verdict (c) warde/s(d) lnqtlest . . - coroner (e) detective , . . plainclothes (f) death penalty 3 (a) in (b) to (c) cf(d) of (e) with (f) in . . . In (g) before (h) ofMuslc (p. 19)1 (a) concert ball (b) audlence (c) muslclans(d) instruments (e) conductor (f) bow (g) baton(h) score (I) keys ()) string (k) bows2 (a) group (b) top ten (c) number one(d) recnrding studl? (e) Ilve (f) concert (g) stage(h) fans (I) *0c:11st (I) Iyrlcs 3 (a) An orchestra:a large group of meslcians, who often play classlcalmtlsic. A band: ncrmally a smatler groupr who playpcpular music. (b) Percussion Instruments: playedby belng hIt (drums). Wlnd lnstruments: played bybelng blown (trumpetl- (c) A concert: a musicalperformance before an audlence. A rehearsal: apractice lor a jgrformance. (d) A composgr writesmusic. A muslcian plays It- 4 (a) at (b) in(f1 by (d) en (e) InNalural Dlsasters (p. 20)1 (a) drought (b) famsne (c) starve(d) starvatlon (e) flood (9 drown (g) helicopters(h) drop (i) cut off 2 (a) earthquake(b) rasualties (c) collapse (d) rescue leams(e) trapped (9 rebbte (Q) outbreak (h) epldemic(i) medlcal teams (j) toll . 3 (a) on flre(b) fire brlgade (c) flre englne (d) fireman(e) overcome (f) under cuntrol (g) put out(h) arson 4 (a) of (b) from . . . to (c) to . . . off(d) for (e) for . . . ln (f) upder (q) byPubllc Transpol-t (p, 21)1 (a) cab (b) hall (c) taxl-rank (d) far'e(e) meter (f) tip (g) dooble-decker(h) single-decker (i) crew ()) driMer(k) ccnductor (1) cenductress (m) inspector(n) cherk (o) bus stop (p) dpstinalion(q) rush hotlr (r) tube (s) subway (t) metro(u) platform (M) escalator (w) Iift(x) slidjng toqrg . (y) çqqç!l (z) lqçk. .2 (a) h carriage: a segarate =ar or wagon. hcompartment: one sectlcn of a carfiage.(b) A season ticket enables you tc travel as often as#ou llke on a particular route durlng a glven tlme. Areturn ticket ls orlly good for one Joufney each way 'between two places. (c) A bus driver drlves a bus. Abus conduclor collecls money Ior fares. $) A tralndriver drives a train. A guard hns generalresponsbbillty for (lpe salety of the traln. 3 (a) ln(b) at (c) for (d) for (e) at (f) on (g) at(h) ter (i) off . . . at (j) at (k) fromRomance and Marriage (p- 2E)1 (a) romantlc (b) attracted (c) keen (d) date(e) go out (f) approve (j) mature (h) dritt apart(l) break clf () relationshlp 2 (a) propnse(b) engaged (c) consent (d) clvll (e) weddlng(t) brlde (g) brldegroom (h) reception (i) teast(l) honeymoon 3 (a) To be fond Qf someone: tohave a warm feellng towards that gerson. To be InIove wlth somecne: have a very, cleep feellng, oftenonly towards that person. (b) A married couple wboare separated Iive apart. If theg are divorced, theirmarrlage is Iegalty at an end. (c) An ergaged glfl's

. .fiancé is her husband-lo-bei.An engaged man's


fiancée îs hIs wife-to-be. $) Your motber Is thewoman who gave birth to you. Your mother-ln-law lsyour husband's or wlfe's mother. 4 (a) out(b) out with (c) out (d) of (e) to(f) in . . . wlth (g) to (h) to (i) of (j) inShopplng (p. 23)1 (a) antique shop (b) florist's (c) statloner's(d) neWsaqant's (e) lobacconlst's (9 grocer's(g) greengrecer's (h) pet shop (I) baker's(I) butcher's 2 (a) off-the-peg (b) Iabel (c) tag(d) fit (e) try on (f) asslstant (g) cashier(h) cash desk (I) till (j) rccelpt (k) exchange(I) refund (m) bargaln (n) sales (o) mall order3 (a) To overcharge: to ask a cuslomer for moretharl the true price. To undercharge: to ask for Iess.(b) A shopkeeper owns and runs a stlop. A shopllftersteals from shops aher enterlng as a customer.(c) If you go shopplng you buy things. If you gowindow-shcppinq you just lock in the shop-windcws-(d) A wholesaler sells goods tc retallers. Relallers areshops, whlch sell tc tlne publlc. 4 (a) in (b) on(c) at . - - Jn (d) by (e) inslde (f) back (g) with(h) fOr

Sport (p. 24)1 (a) pitches (b) couds (c) pools (d) rings(e) rlnk (9 stadlum (g) spectators(h) track events (i) field events (I) alhleles(k) officials (I) scoreboard 2 (a) team(b) players (=) amateurs (d) traln(e) gymnaslum (j match (g) track sults(h) referee (i) captalns (I) toss a coln (k) crowd(I) draw 3 (a) Amateurs afe not pald;professlonals are paid- (b) A wlnner wlns. Arunner-up comes second. (c) You win a game orrace. You beat your opponent. (d) A hurdle race hasjumps. A relay race has two or more pecple In thesame team. each completing a part of the race.4 (a) for (b) on (c) en (d) at (e) In(t) cf - . - at (or ln) (g) of (h) between (l) ln

Television and Newspapers (p. 2S)1 (a) mass media (b) swltch (c) channels

. .. ..... .. .. . .......(d).....indectrlnate (e) objectIve........(9....subject1ve... ... . ..(g) commefclals (h) soa? operas (1) qulz showsj) vlewers 2 (a) advertlsing (b) clrculatlon(c) enlertalnment (d) heaclllnes (e) cartoons(f) sensatlonal (g) gossip columns (h) vlews(l) censorshlp (I) correspondents(k) news agencles (l) revlewa (m) editorlals3 (a) Vlewers watch television. Usteners Ilsten tothe radlo. (b) A mass clrrulatlon newspaper sells alarge nurnber of copies. A small clrculatlon papersella a. small number, (c) An edltor runs anewspaper. A reporter wrltes news storlas. A crltlcrevlews new plays, books or fllms. 4 (a) to (b) for(c) in (d) on (e) over

Theatre (p. 26)1 (a) dresslng room (b) stage (c) row(d) alsle (e) stalls (f) clrcle (g) foyar(h) box office (i) backstaqe (j) box2 (a) director (b) playwnght (c) cast(d) audftlons (e) paqs (f) atldience(q) theatre-goers . (hJ rehearsals (I) first nightj) applause (k) revlews (I) crltlcs (m) hit(n) run (o) flop (p) performances (q) matlnées3 (a) in (b) to (c) on (d) at (e) Ip1 (t) behind(g) during (h) ln (I) at . . . at (j) ln

Travel (p. 27)J (a) leisere (b) travel agents (c) cut-pricetickets (d) off the beaten track (e) hltch-hiking(j youth hostels (g) package hollday (h) resort(.) peak () off-peak 2 (a) travel (b) journey(c) tour $) crulse (e) voyage (f) trlp (;) fllght(h) journey (i) tour (j) trlp 3 (a) A bed andbreakfast place is 8 cheap, slmple hotel where theovernlght charge lncludes breakfasl- (b) Peuple areseaslck ln ships, alrslck when Itying and carsick lncars If the movement upsets thalr stomach.(c) A tour operator organizes helidays. A travel agentsolls them lo the publlc. (d) At saa: on a shlp farf/om Iand. At the saaslde: by the sea' ohen at aholiday coastal resort- 4 (a) by (b) In (c) on$) In (e) atWar (p. 28)1 (a) clashes (b) forces (c) aggresslon(d) moblllze (e) hcstile acts (1) retaliate(g) deterierate (h) ultlmatum (I) declare war() outbreak 2 (a) clvlllan (b) targets (c) neutral(d) intermedlary (e) get invclved (f) lntervene(g) ceaseflre (h) peace-keeping ferce(l) peace trenty () wlthdraw 3 (a) An armyadvances when it gces forward agalnst the enemyand retreats when il goas back under enerrlypressure. (b) War: usually between 1wo or morecountrîes. CIvII war; between two sides in the samecnuntry. (c) Conventlonal war: fought w1th troopsand 'ordlnary' weapons (guns, shlpsk planes). Nuclearwar: fought wlth nuclear weapons. (d) An ally: agrotlp or country whlch flghls on your slde. An enamy:the side opposing you. 4 (a) on (b) in . 1 . for(c) in (d) out (e) as . . . In (f) out (g) between

Wetfare State (p. 29)1 (a) welfare state (b) elderly (c) penslon(d) retlre (e) 1ow incomes (f) subsldlzed(g) madlcal treatment (h) benellts (l) schonllng(j) physlcally dlsabled (k) mentally handlcapped(1) out of wcrk (m) ellglble (n) social sefvlces(o) soclal werkers 2 (a) Advlce: a noun. Advlset averb. (b) Bllnd: unable tc see- geaf; partlally or

'' ''' '''' totally'unable td'''h'é'é'à ' -'@) Fk'ëe:''With'bnt''':Nà'f'j'à'''' '''''Subsldlzed: (rent, mealsr food) of Iower pflce than Isnormal because tha government or company pays apad. (d) A hearing aid helps the deaf to hear. Braillehelps the bllr!d to read- (e) Haves: people who havemoney, Jobs, homes. Have-notsl people who Iackthese. 3 (a) wlth (b) out ef (c) ln . . . for(d) al (cr ln) (e) at . . . of (9 for

Work (p. 3t))1 (a) appllcants (b) vacancy (c) li11 ln(d) appllcation forms (e) apply (f) sh0rt-11st(g) intervlew (h) qtlaliflcatlons (i) experlence() references 2 (a) salary (b) Increments(c) penslon (d) retlre (e) commlsslon (f) perks(g) prospects (h) promotlon (i) commute(I) ambltlous 3 (a) in (b) at (c) to . . . for - . , as(d) for (e) in (f) In (g) ln (h) at (I) of (j) of(i) t?

91


M ini TopicsArgument (p. 31)(a) resentment (b) lrlcllon (c) Jealous (d) fow(e) dlsagreement (f) troublemaker (g) aggressive(h) Ilag

Sadness (p. 31)(a) lears (b) scb (c) hearlbroken (d) lnss@) comfort (f) grief (g) sleepless (h) recover(I) wlthdrawn (I) missNervousness (p. 31)(a) nerves (b) tremblo (c) sweat (cI) blush(e) ambarrassment (t) shy (g) tongue-tled(h) stammer (i) faint (j) tranqulllizer

Success (p. 32)(a) ambltious (b) Iadder (c) pcwer (dj achieve(e) achlevemeqt (9 confidence (q) explolt(h) ruthless (l) determined (I) abllltyFame (p, 32)(a) celebrlty (b) entourage (c) autographs(d) Ians (e) lntervlews (9 In the ptlbllc eye(g) prlvacy (h) bodyguards (i) prnssuresg) break-up

Prlde (p. 32)(a) snob (b) proud (c) contemptuous (d) boast(e) valn (r) ccncelted (g) thlck-sklnned (h) prideBirth (p, 33)(a) expecting (b) pregnant (c) born(d) maternity ward (e) mldwife (f) deliver(g) parents (h) call (i) prams (I) tots (k) crawl

Chlldhood and Adolescence (p. 33)(a) adults (b) adult (c) daydreams(d) îdolîze (e) hobblas (9 teens (g) development(h) introverts (i) extroverts (I) relatlonshlpsDeath (p, 33)(a) bearse (b) funeral (c) prqes! (d) dead(e) mourners (f) cemetery (g) crematorium(h) wlll (l) leave ()) widow (k) inheritsAdvediqinj (p. 34)(a) classlfiad advedlsaments (b) posters(c) hoardings (d) advertlslng agencies(e) publicize (f) eya-cat/hlng (g) comrnercials(h) pg/sllad/'Art (p. 34)(a) creative (b) sculptor (c) sculpture (d) palnter(e) amateur (f) professlonal (g) dealers(h) works (i) gallerles (J) feproductions

Photography (p. 34)(a) camera (b) snaps (c) prinls (d) album(e) slides (f) profeclor (g) develop(h) enlargementsMllllary Service (p. 35)(a) compulsory (b) forces (c) volunteers(d) army (e) navy (f) alr force (g) promotion(h) officerPollce (p. 35)(a) fnin (b) police force (c) pcliceman $) rank(e) unlform (f) walkle-talkie (g) detective(h) plaln cluthes

Secutity Work (p. 35)(a) securlty firm (b) armoured vehicles(c) bullet-proof (d) guafds (e) tap (f) bug(g) prlvate detectlves (h) ceuriers (i) kidnappers

The Countryslde (p. 36)(a) rural (b) tlnpolluted (c) pace (d) villanes' ''(e) rèlâked ''' (f) ctiltlvated (g) ' farms ' ' '' ' ' ' ' '

92

(h) nallonal palks (i) wlldlife j) rsmoteThe Seaside (p. 36)(a) beach (b) horizon (c) waves (d) drown(e) currents (f) depth (g) Iiteguards (h) 'dive(i) shallow (j) cllffs

Mounlains (p. 36)(a) range (b) height (c) ascent (d) mountasneers(e) climb (f) peak (g) oxygen (h) equlpment(i) ropes t) descentElectrlcal Appilances (p. 37)(a) Iaad (b) pltlg (c) socket (d) switch(e) adjust (9 kncb (g) controls (h) unpluo(I) electrician (j) dealer

The Telephone (p. 37)(a) operator (b) Iook up (c) directory(d) receiver (e) dial (f) engaged (g) get throughth) linpComputers (p- 37)(a) calculalor (b) ccmpulers (c) hardware(d) scftware (e) screen (f) keyboard (g) printer(h) word processorFactol Work (p. 38)(a) manual (b) white collar (c) apprentlce(d) factor'y (e) foreman (9 canteen (g) tea break(h) labour felations (i) management () shop floor

Offlce Work (p. 38)(a) corfespondence (b) flle (c) filing cabinëts(d) callers (e) dictate (f) shorthand(g) typewriter (h) stalloneryA Strike (p. 28)(a) go on strlke (b) dispute (c) dlsmlss(d) shop steward (e) daacllock (9 tlnemployment(g) on the dole (h) plcket Ilne (i) redundant

Related ord Groupssounds (p. 39)1 (a) squeal (b) crash (c) roar (d) rustla(e) splash (f) bang (g) creak (h) whistle(l) clatter () rumble 2 (a) hum (b) pips(c) pop (d) crack (e) peal (f) squeak (9) tick(h) iingleAnlmal Sounds (p-.39)(a) chatter (b) roar (c) bark, growl(d) mëaow, ptlrr (e) neigh (f) cluci (g) crow(h) buz.z (i) mDo (j) bleat (k) trumpet(1) grunt, squeal (m) bray (n) croak (o) hiss(P) qttack (q) hlwl (r) SqtleakHuman Sounds (p, 40)(a) stammer (b) snltf (c) puff . . . pant (d) snore(e) hlccup (f) snppze (g) whlsppr (h) yawn(i) sigh (1) cotlgh (k) grcan

Ways ot Looklng (p- 40)(a) stare (b) peep (c) blink (d) gaze (e) frown(f) gllmpse (g) wlnk (h) peer (i) glare(j) Qlance

Walking (p. 41)(a) stagger (b) wandar (c) stroll (d) limp(e) slip (f) creep (g) march (h) stray (l) cfawl(j) trip (k) dash (l) trudge

Body Movements (p. 41)1 (a) his muscles , - . (b) his head indlsagreement (c) hls flsts . . . (d) hisneck - . . (e) his finqers . . - (f) his shoulders(g) his fofehead - . . (b) his arms . - . (l) hls headthouûhtfully j) his breath . . . (k) his foot . - .

' ' (I) his knee .' .' .' ' 2 ' ' (a) with ëear '' . . . ...


(b) with cold (c) In the hot sun (d) with (9 calf (g) kitten (h) cub (i) duckllng (i) Iambembarrassment (e) when he heard the sad . (k) kld (1) chlcjnews (f) in surprise at ttle sudden nelse (g) in his Law Breakers (p. 48)armchair after a hard day's work (h) alter going 1 (a) sats fire to property . - .wlthout food for lhree days 3 (a) In aireement (b) steals from shops . - . (c) atlacks and robs(b) when he was intfoduced to the Queen people . . . (d) is anyone who breaks the 1aw(c) when she was Introduced to the Queen (e) deliberately causes damage to property(d) when she saw her triend getting off the bus (f) breaks into housgs . . . (g) kills someone(e) because he was happy (9 when his (h) takes away people by fotce . . . (i) steals thingscommanding officer entered lhe room from people's pockets . . . (j) helps a criminal . . ..(g) after sitting in the same position for so long (k) buys and sells drugs - - - (1) gets secret(t1) lo show the sllop assistant what he wanted information from another country (m) uses violenca4 (a) stretch (b) slap (c) punch (d) pat for political reasons 2 (a) murders . . .(e) stroke (f) grab (g) squeeze (h) grope (b) causes damage or a disturbance . . .(i) nudge (I) beckun (c) hides on a ship . . . (d) is someone who steals

Containers (p. 42) (e) takes control of a plane . . .(a) shopping (b) clothes and personal thlngs for a (f) makes counterfelt money . . . (j) steals moneylong stay (c) pet/ol, water (d) rash, secret etc- by force . - . (h) brings goods lnto a countfydocumentsl jewellerg (e) flowers (f) coins illeqally . . . (I) betrays his or her counlry e . .(j) bank notes, tlckets (h) boilinq water j) ls a member of a crirninal group (k) is a soldier(1) suits. jackets, dresses (j) buslness papers who runs away from the army (I) marlies lllegally . . .(k) letter (I) water. milk (m) clothes and ' Occupatlons (p. 49)belongings for. say. a weei's holiday (n) beer 1 (a) controls parklng - . . (b) collects rubbish . , -(o) school books (p) waste paper (q) chocclates, (c)' arranges shop-windcw dlsplays (d) helps peoplematches (r) hot tear cold drinks buy and sell houses (e) deals with offlce

Furnlture and Fittlngs (p. 43) correspondence . . . (f) makes arrangements for(a) cudains (b) cupboard (c) bookcase (cI) shelf funerals (g) makes brick bulldlngs ancl walls(e) cushlon (f) sefa (g) desk (h) chair (I) carpet (h) works ln a government minlstry(j) armchair (k) table (I) Iampshade (m) lamp (i) treats sick animals (j) sells newspapers - . .(n) drawer (o) plllow (p) sheet (q) Wardrobe (k) dellvers babies 2 (a) cooks ln a restauranl . . -(r) blanket (s) maltress (t) rug (u) Gtool (b) designs buildlngs (c) woris ln a Iibraly(V) washbasin (w) bed (x) chest ef drawers (d) sells flsh . . . (e) gets c'oal . . -

Connectors (p. 44) (f) rtlns a musetlm (g) designs the insideG of1 (a) nUt (b) screW (G) needle (d) nail houses . . . (h) tyges letlers . . .(e) pin (f) bolt (g) safety pIn (h) drawlng pin (l) drives s:rneone s car . . - (j) operates on slck(i) chain (j) rope (k) paper clip (I) string people 3 (a) tests people's eyes . . .(m) thread (n) rubber band (b) makes people laugh at a clrctls2 (a) needle . . + thread (b) string (c) rope (C) rides racehorses (d) sells valuable objects at an(d) safety pins (e) nail (f) drawing pin (g) pins auction @) prepares books . . . fer publication(h) paper clip (i) nuts . . . bolts (I) screws (f) Ieads and unloads shlps - . . (g) trents penpla's(k) chains (l) rubber qand feel (h) sells meat (i) wrltes for a newspaper

5ools (p, 45) (J) replesents zounll-y . , . (k) sells flowers - - .1 (a) hammer (b) spanner (c) screwdriv:q MpI: qqd F:IT!.pI> . (p. 5. 0) ........... .. . . . . ...... ....... ... ..... a) .uk.y.. ..jy.......j.,.jjjjjjs... ..(jj.. .jjjjjj.yj .. jjj.. .jjjjjg

tju ....... .... .. .. .. . ...(y ...q(j;y.jj (jj jjjs jyjjk-jtj'j (j) wjfe tàj irlde((h) mallet (i) jack (j) rake (k) drill (1) saw (e) hero (f) girl guide (g) barman (h) puliceman(m) spade (n) fork 2 (a) sclssors (l) alr stewarùess (?r hosfess) (1) headmaster(b) scrgwdrlver (c) spade (d) clrlll (e) jack (11) actress (I) monk (m) waltress (n) prince(f) hammer (g) axe (h) chisel (I) mallet (I) rake (o) niece (p) hostess (q) Iandlady (r) widowar(k) penknife (I) fcrk (m) saw (n) spanner (s) uncle

Vehicles (p. 46) People (p- 5û)(a) motorbike (b) van (c) btllldozef (d) scooter (a) can't stop talking (b) ls intellectual - . .(e) lorr'y (f) caravan (g) tanker (h) trailer (c) is Inqulsltlve . . - (d) Ioves readcng books(l) car (j) ambulance (k) bus (1) coach (e) is very keen on the cinema (f) is slow

B Ie (p. 46) ' (g) is not Me:9 active or energetic (h) Cs cnnfusedlcyc(a) saddle (b) ffame (c) back light (d) mudguard and forgetful (I) Ioves tc work (j) llkes to open the(e) gears (f) chaln (g) pedal (h) pump windows . . . (k) is clever and ambltious . . -(i) spokes (I) Wre (k) front ligtlt (I) handlebars (I) causes difficultles belween pecqla (m) seems to(m) brakeo (n) bell enjoy preventlng others trom enloysng themsefkes

Collectlve Nouns (p. 47) Clothes (j. 51)(a) fleet (b) herd (c) swarm (d) mob (e) suite 1 (a) shlrt (b) tie (c) jacket (d) waistcoat(8 crowd (g) bunch (h) congregatlon (i) shoals (e) overcoat (f) trcusefs (g) shoes (h) boots() fllght (k) gang (l) clump (m) flocks (I) suit (j) pullovnr (k) blouse (I) scarf(n) swarm (o) bunch (p) fleet (q) bundle (m) hat (n) cap (o) tee-shld (p) shorts(r) audlence (s) bunch (t) set (u) stack (q) sandals (r) sccks (s) pyjamas .(t) dress(v) sulle (w) pack (x) crew (y) flock (z) set (u) sllppers (v) skirt (w) apron 2 (a) llning

Younq Anlmals (p- 47) (b) lapel (c) sleeve (d) pocket (e) tce (() laces(a) cub (b) foql (c) piglet (d) cub (e) puppy (g) heel (h) sele (i) collar (1) Iabel .1k) seam

93


(I) culf (m) button (n) belt (o) crease (p) zip(q) buckle 3 (a) dress (b) dresses (c) wear(d) dressed (e) wearinj (8 drassed (g) dress(h) wenrlng - . - clress (,) dress (j) dress4 (a) up (b) off (c) on (d) in (e) up (f) on(g) off . . . on (h) in (i) up (j) epPads of the Body (p. 52)1 (a) forehead (b) hair (c) eye (d) ear(e) cheek (f) nostrll (g) mouth (h) throat(i) chln j) neck (k) jaw (I) lips (m) nose(n) eyelashes (o) eyelid (p) eyebrow2 (a) shoulder (b) arm (c) hand (d) Ieg(e) foot (f) sole (g) toe (h) heel (I) ankle(j) shin (k) calf (I) knee (m) thigh (n) nall(o) flnger (p) palrn (q) thumb (r) h1p (s) wrist(t) walst (u) forearm (v) elbow (w) stomach(# chest

Punctuation Marks and Prlnting (p. 53)(a) capital Ietser (b) small Ietter (c) stroke(d) dash (e) underllnlng (t) pafagraph(g) full stop (h) llalics (I) bracket (j) apostrophe(k) question mark (I) abbreviaticn (m) footnote(n) asterisk (o) egclamatlon mark(p) inveded commas (q) subheading (r) comma(s) semlcolon (l) hyphen (u) colon (v) heaùln;

Britlsh Measuremenls (p. 53)(a) Inch (b) toct (c) yard (d) mjle (e) acre(f) ounce (g) pound (h) stone (I) plnt (I) gallon

Quantltles (p. 54)(a) of soap (b) of shoes (c) ef matches(d) (:)( potatoes (e) of film (f) of tobacco(g) of c10th (h) of mllk (i) of Iand (I) of wine(k) of petrol (1) of flowers (m) of sardines(n) of toothpaste (o) of clgareltes (p) of Jam

Shapes (p. 54)(a) shape (b) size (c) rectangle (d) hnrlzontal(j) vertlcal (f) square (g) dlagonal (11) centre(I) corner () tflangle (k) angle (1) rlght angle(m) parallel (n) upper (o) Iower (p) circle

d Bu ild *1 ngorPrefixes (pp- $5c;.7)1 (a) co (b) inter (c) co (d) ex (e) lnter(f) re (g) lnter (h) re (l) ex (J) co2 (a) counter (b) bi (c) pre (d) seml (e) bl(f) b) (g) pre (h) counter (l) semi (j) seml3 (a) post (b) ncn (c) mono (d) non (e) post(f) mono (g) antl (11) anti (i) non 4 (a) de(b) trans (c) de (d) super (e) trans (f) multi(g) de (h) super (I) super (I) multi 5 (a) sub(b) pro (c) sub (d) sub (e) uni (f) trI (g) pro(h) lri (i) pro j) unl 6 (a) over (b) over(c) under (d) over (e) under (f) under (g) ovef(h) under (I) over (j) under 7 (a) un (b) un(c) un (d) dis (e) un (f) dis (g) un (h) un(1) dis (1) un (k) dis (1) un (m) dis (n) dis '(o) dis (p) un (q) dls (r) dis (s) un (t) clis(u) tln (v) dIs 8 (a) ir (b) im (c) il (d) In(e) im (f) Im (g) in (h) 11 (i) ir (j) lm (k) In(I) Ir (m) im (n) 11 (o) in (p) il (q) ln (r) ir(s) in (t) in (u) ir (v) inSufflzqu (pp. 5!-60)1 (

I) (a) monklsh (b) amateurish (c) childish(d) plgglsh (e) glrlish (Ii) (a) severlsh(b) darkish (c) falrlsh (d) twentylsh (e) talllsh

. .. . . . (f) smallish (g) greenish . .2. . (a) waterless . . .

(b) harmftll (c) thoughtful (d) successful(e) harmless (f) thoughtless (g) beautiful(h) friendless 3 (a) emplover (b) trainer(c) interviewer . , - intervlewee (d) employee(e) tralnee 4 (a) bulletproof (b) waterproof(c) shockproof (d) heatproof (e) foolproof(f) childproof (g) soundproof5 (a) cupful . . - teaspoonful (b) houseful(c) handful (d) mouthful (e) tankful6 (a) teacher (b) dlrector (c) beggar(d) interpreter (e) translator (f) colleclor(g) sallor (h) murderar (I) operator(j) demonstrator (k) Inspactcr (I) actor(m) buyer (n) edltor (o) wofker (p) donor(q) vlsitor (r) producer (s) traveller(1) competltor ? (a) slnger (b) governor(c) announcer (d) admirer (e) decorator(f) robber (g) sulVvor (h) supplier (1) contreller(I) investlgator (k) skler (I) Instructor (m) elector(n) writer (o) photograpber (p) swimmer(q) contrlbutor (r) creator (s) manager (t) llar8 (a) motorist (b) electrlcian (c) Parlsian(d) Christian (e) pianlst (f) historian(g) Buddhist (h) economist (i) artlst (j) cyclist(k) tobacconist (1) polltlclan (m) sclentist(n) mudician (c) psychIatrIst (p) terrorlst(q) maglclan (r) f10r1st (s) comedlan(t) beauticlan (u) journalist (v) parachutist(w) Ilnguist (x) nrchaeologist

Nouns made tr'orn verbs (pp, 60-6B)1 (a) dlaqnosls (b) enclosure (c) analysis(d) hypnosls (e) fallure (f) signature(g) emphascs (h) seizure (i) paralysis (I) closufe2 (a) dellvery (b) Injury (c) forgery(d) recovery (e) discovery (f) prosperlty(g) Assembly (h) apology (i) conspiracy(I) explry (k) enqulry 3 (a) correspondence(b) defence (c) cbedience (d) preference(e) pretence (4 reference (q) dependence(h) exlstence (l) inslstence (i) difference(k) olfence (1) colncldence (m) inlerference(n) resldence 4 (a) performance (b) attendance(c) resemblance (d). ncceptance (e) dislurbance(f) insurance (g) asslstance (h) annoyance(I) entrance j) reslstance (k) endurance(I) akeidance 5 (a) dlsmissal (b) burlal(c) arrlval (d) renewal (e) aqproval (f) rehearsal(g) trlal (h) proposal (i) survskal . (I) clenlat(k) refusal (1) removal 6 (a) storage(b) passage (c) marrlage (d) stoppage(e) poslage (f) wreckage (g) leakarle (h) usage(i) breakage () shrlnkage 7 (a) advlce(b) practice (c) licence (d) prophecy (e) choice(f) behaviour (g) complalnt (h) error (i) Ioss(j) mixture (k) growlh 8 (a) cansorship(b) death (c) ccnquest (d) beliet (e) pfcof(f) rellef (g) remainder (h) remains (I) remlnder() prayer (k) comparison 9 (a) pursuit '(b) hatfed (c) ascent . . . descent (d) ruins(e) contenls (f! knuwledge (g) declslon(h) t

endancy (I) suspicicn (I) applause(k) servlce (I) welght (m) threat (n) shot(o) robbery (p) response 10 (a) persuasion(b) dlvision (c) expanslon (d) admlsslon(e) explosion (j revlsion (g) inclusion(h) excluslon (I) concluslon 11 (a) invaslcn

.. . . . (b) colllslon . .(c) permission .. (d) .impression .


(e) pcssesston (tJ confesolcn (g) confuslon(h) discusslon (I) extension 1? (a) arrangement(b) enlafgement (c) entertalnment(cI) postponement (e) improvement(f) enccuragement (g) advertisement13 (a) goMernment (b) punlshment(c) management . . . agreement (d) employment(e) trealment (f) dlsappointment (g) lmprisonment(h) announcement (I) development14 (a) comjetltion (b) pronunciatlon(c) qualificallon (d) production (e) soltltlon(f) introduction (g) acqulsition (h) revolutlon(i) repetition (j) reduction 15 (a) destruction(b) opposition (c) publlcatlon (d) receptlen(e) deceplion (f) abolition (g) explanatlon(h) detentlon (I) satlsfaction (j) descrlptlon16 (a) inlerruption (b) predlctlon . . - election(c) reaction (d) Prevention (e) Invenllon(!) addlction (g) Protection (h) suggestlon(1) selectlon 17 (a) investigation(b) exaggeration (c) operation (d) Imltation(e) prontlnciatlon (f) reslgnatlon(g) accommodatlon (h) communication(i) Imaglnatlon (1) accusatlon (k) cancellatlon(I) admlratlon (m) abbr/viatlon (n) preparatlon(o) demenstratlon (p) education (q) emigration(f) lmmlgratlon 18 (a) donatlon (b) hesitatlon(c) acceleratlon (d) reservatlon (e) sensatlon(f) comblnaticn (g) interrogatlcn (h) Invltatlon(i) deterloration (j) examlnatlon (k) alteration(1) Informatlon (m) relaxatlon (n) restoratlon(o) temptatton (p) contlntlation (q) exploration(r) translation (s) Interpretatlon (t) puncluatlonNouns mpde from adjectives (pp. 68-72)1 (a) wealth (b) pever'ty (c) truth (d) thlrst(e) hunger (j ease (g) youth (h) gratllude(l) tlkellhood (j) health (k) guilt (I) freedom2 (a) death (b) cowardice (c) herolsm(d) wlsdom (e) anger (f) fame (;) splendour(h) boredom (l) horror (j) heat (k) pride(i) strength 3 (a) luck (b) warmth (c) lerrer$) Ienglh (e) width (9 helght (g) depth4 (a) violence (b) sllence (c) conftdenced) ele ance (e) 'lnnccence '(f) impodance( 0(g) Intelligence (h) arrcgance (i) independence(j) reluctance (k) patlence (1) cenvenlence(m) absence (n) pressnce 5 (a) accuracg(b) Macancy (c) urjency (d) obstlnacy(e) fluency (f) efficlency (g) frequency(h) privacy 6 (a) baldress (b) foollshnass(c) puncluallty (d) equality (e) deafness(f) popularlty (g) quietnsss (h) slmilarsty($) darkness () Malldlty (k) sadness (I) kindness7 (a) sefiouGnesu (b) Chrlstlanity (c) neatriesu(d) superiority (e) neutrajlt# (4 bluntness(g) Illness (h) fcrmality (I) weakness(I) tondness (k) reallty (I) stupldlty 8 (a) clarity(b) necessity (c) brevity (d) curiosity (e) anxlety(f) generoslty (g) slmpllalty (h) Manlty (I) Mariety(l) gaiety 9 (a) qourtesy (b) Cruelty (c) beauty(d) jealousy . . . envy (e) safety (f) tragedv(g) dlftlculty (h) royalty (l) fury (1) hypocrlsy(k) certalnty (I) Ioyalty 1û (a) lonellness(b) ugliness (c) happlnass (d) laziness(e) holiness (9 naughtiness (g) lldlness(h) Iovellness 11 (a) tenslon (b) perfection(c) contentment (d) cautlon (e) excltement

(f) attractlonAdlectlves made frqm nouns (pp. 72-74)1 (a) scholarly (b) ralny (c) grassy(d) frlendly (e) salty (f) ghostly (g) yearsg(h) weekl: 2% (a) polsonous (b) rellglcus(c) adventurous (d) nervous (e) mountalnous(f) llumorous (g) miraculous (h) dangerous(i) glorlous (I) ambitious (k) courageous(I) disastrotls (m) lamous (n) Industrious(o) Cnfectlous (p) mysterlous (q) victorious(r) suspiclous 3 (a) alcoholic (b) artlstic(c) climntic (cI) democratlc (e) energetlc(!) pholographlc (g) sclenllfic (h) sympathetic(I) poetic ë) dramatcc 4 (a) grammatlcal(b) alphabetical (c) musical (d) practlcal(e) theatrlcal (f) polltical (g) psychological(h) medlcal (i) critlcal (j) cler-lral5 (a) fashlonable (b) triumphant (c) affectionate(d) clrcular (e) literary (f) suburban '(g) lrlangular (h) treublesome (1) comforlabte(1) prolîtable (k) muscular (I) valuable(m) skllful (or skilled) (n) secIaIlst (o) successful(p) trustworthy (or trusted) (q) paaceful(f) memorabte (s) knowledgeable (l) dlstant

Adjectlves Tade frcm verbs (pp. 74-75)1 (a) advlsable (b) changeable (c) regrettable(d) sultable (e) dependable (f) breakable(;) readable (h) adjustable (i) enjoyablej) acceptable (k) agreeable (I) curable2 (a) appreclative (b) productive (c) deceptlve(d) destructlve (e) informatlve (f) creatlve(g) attractive (h) talkative (I) prolecfve(1) declslve 3 (a) dead (b) boring(c) econolyical (d) quarrelseme (e) lntrodtlctory(f) entedalning (g) observant (h) obedient(I) resldential (J) slippery (k) educatlenal(l) spoilt (m) stlcky (n) explanatory

Verbs made from nouns (pp. 75-76)(a) encourage (b) exlend (c) frlghten (d) relieve(e) bleed (f) prove (g) endanger (h) Identify(i) strengthen (I) Iiberate (k) breathe (I) halve(m) lengthen

Verbs made frol adjectlves (p. 76)(a) brlghten (b) lessen (c) rlpen (d) sweetên(e) worsen (t) wlden (g) Icosen (h) lighten(î) deafen (j) flatten (k) darken (I) deepen(m) sharpen (n) broaden (o) quieten(p) straighten (q) tighten (r) waaken

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Specialized VocabularyFormal Words (pp. 77-78)1 (a) produce (b) statlng (c) altend(d) obllgatory (e) facilitate (t) seek (g) anquire(h) admilted (I) leave 2 (a) held(b) in possession of (c) prior (d) additlonal(e) terminating (9 In excess of (g) desire(h) retain (i) notlfy (I) Iccatlons (k) provide(I) fqrther 3 (a) ln duratlon (b) commences(c) departs (d) prlor to (e) commencement(f) ensure (g) funds (h) underlake (i) asslst() requested (k) apprcprlata (l) atlir/4 (a) enquire (b) facilltate (c) prior to(d) prlor (e) asslst (9 in excass of (g) addltlonal(h) notify (I) commencement (I) funds (k) retaln(l) provide (m) hold (n) terminate (o) altend(p) admltted (q) state (f) desire (s) Ieave(t) produce (u) ensure (v) requested

Slang and Colloquial Words (p- 79)1 (a) cigaretles (b) pounds . . . alcohol (c) made(d) without money (e) friancl . - . qjson(9 dl

scqrded (g) televislon . - , nulsance(h) policeman 2 (a) dlsmiss (b) very good(c) upper class (d) chlld , . . bicycla(e) shed sleep (9 joklng (g) loilet(h) withcut money (i) drunk (j) newspaper(k) possessions

Amerlcan Words (p. 80)1 (a) playlng truant . - , fall(b) tap , . . flat , . . caretaker (c) rlse . . - holidays(d) poslman - . . trousers (e) rallway tlmetable(f) ordlnary uniformed pollceman . . . saloon car . . .javement (g) chemlst . , . nappies (h) blll(I) pest 2 (a) queue . , . clnema(b) gqrden . . . autumn (c) speclalize . . . maths,(mathematics) - . . tlnlverslty . . . secondary school(d) petrot . . - petrol slatlon - . . wlndscreen(e) shops - . - underground (f) Iift . . . ground floor(g) sweets - , . jam (h) note (1) rubblsh

Newspaper Headlines (p. B1)1 (a) close duwn . . , (b) attempt (c) explosion(d) fire (e) cnnflict . . . (f) reduce . . ,

j(j tj tj nt (j)j dj jom yt(:) exc ng or rama c nv/ p . . .(l) affect badly (j) Mete . . . (k) investlgate . . .(I) (eave . . . (m) questlcn . , . (n) mystery(o) Iook for - . . (p) reduce drastlcally(q) angry argument (r) total number of dead(s) marry (tJ attract . . . 2 (aJ The army hBsclosed dcwn three bases and dlsmissed 2,000 men tosave monev. (b) An atlempt to reach lhe nodh polehas failed. (c) Elght people have been Mllled in anexploslon at a hotel. (d) Some animals have clled Ina flre at a zco. (e) The Unlted States and the SovietUnlon are ln disagreement about arms reductions.(f) Three people have been save:l in a dramatlc flre ata block of flals. (j) A dlplomat has been accused ofsgyinr- (h) Tourlsts have been badly affected by apllots' strike-' (i) The Prlme Minister has announcedthat there wilt be elections in March. (j) The posiceare investigatlng the mystery ef a mlssing woman.(k) A Ieadlng sclentist has Ieft the Unlted Kingdom temove to the United States. (I) Three people havebeen questioned (by the police) abnut th: kidnaçplnguf a boy. (m) A film star wants a dikurce. (n) Airfares have been drastically reduced tc attract moreholidaymakers to fly. (o) There has been an

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argument at the Unlted Natlons about an accusatlonthat certain peoqle are upies. (p) The tctal numberof people who dled in the eadhquake is now 27..(q) An actor Is golng to marry for the fifth tlme.Abbreviations (pp. 82-83)1 (a) BBC (b) NSPCC (c) RSPCA (d) AA(e) C of E (f) Ml5 (;) :R (h) OHMS (i) BA(j) M4 (h) ITV (1) lb . - - oz (m) ft - . - I n(n) Esq . - . c/o w ) R:l 2 (a) UN (b) EEC(c) OPEC (d) KGB (e) CIA (f) NATO (g) FB1(h) USA (l) USSR () UK 3 (a) PTO (b) v(c) Bres - . . St (d) BC (e) No . , . NB(f) OF . . . E'C (g) AD (h) RSVP (i) P:

Pairs of W ords OftenConfused (pp.as-aa)1 (a) Icse (b) Ioose (c) lose (d) loose2 (a) thelr (b) thelr (c) there (d) there3 (a) advlse (b) advice (c) advlce (d) advise4 (a) practlce (b) practise (c) practica(d) practlse 5 (a) whether (b) welther(c) weather (cl) whelher 6 (a) beslde(b) beslde (c) besldes (d) besides7 (a) statlcnafy (b) statlonery .(c) stationafy(d) statlonery 8 (a) agree jb) accept (c) agree(d) accept 9 (a) understandlng(b) comprehenssve (c) comprehenslve

(d) undefstanding 10 (a) senslble (b) sensilive(c) sanslble (d) sensitive - . - sensitive1 1 (a) now (b) now (c) actually (d) actually12 (a) control (b) checll (c) control (d) chack13 (a) teacher (b) teacher (c) pfcfessor(d) érolesssr 14 (a) effect (b) affect (c) affect(d) effect 15 (a) passed (b) passed (c) past(d) past 16 (a) eccnomlcal (b) economic(c) economic (cl) econemical 17 (a) princlples(b) princlpl: (c) princlpal (d) princlpnl18 (a) gfaleful (b) thankful (c) thankful(d) grateful 19 (a) tend (b) bcrrow (c) borrow(d) lend 20 (a) juiet (b) Fulte (c) quîet(d) quit: 21 @) Càtlél (b) èàihàld (c) Chàilnèl(d) channel 22 (a) valueless (b) priceless(c) qrlceless (d) valueless 23 (a) lnvaluable(b) dnvaluable . (c) worthless (d) wol-thless24 (a) ccntlnually (b) csntinuously' (c) conllnuously (d) contlnually 25 (a) hard(b) hard (c) hardly (d) hardly 26 (a) aMoid(b) prevent (c) prevent (d) avoid27 (a) may be (b) maybe (c) maybe ' .(d) may bn 28 (a) ralsed (b) rise (c) rose(d) ralsed (e) rise (f) raisnd (g) ralsod(h) rlsen (i) flses (j) raised 29 (a) stole(b) robbed (c) robbed (d) stolen (e) stolen(f) rob (g) stole (h) robbed (i) stole30 (a) lies- (b) laid (c) Lay (d) Iay (e) Iain(f) Iay (g) Ile (h) lald (I) Iying j) Iay (k) Iald(1) Iay - . . II6 31 (a) femember (b) remind(c) remember (d) femember (e) leminded(f) remlnd (g) remember (h) remlnd(I) remember () remlnds


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