interior programming and space planning

INTERIOR PROGRAMMING AND SPACE PLANNINGWEEK 11 – FACILITIES MANAGEMENT

INTERIOR PROGRAMMING Is the art and science of programming and

enhancing interiors, sometimes including the exterior of a space building, to achieve a healthier and more aesthetically pleasing environment for the end user

SPACE PLANNING The main function is for the design

professional blocks out spatial areas, define circulation patterns, and develops plans and layouts for furniture and equipment placement.

SPACE PLANNING Services consider numerous design patterns including client’s

project goals and priorities, the client’s organizational structure and relationships, space allocation criteria, building codes and access for the disabled, furniture standards, circulation and workflow, design considerations, the constraints of fixed building elements and building system interfaces, security and privacy issues, and flexibility of future space needs.

DESIGN REQUIREMENTS FOR CORPORATE FUNCTIONS

FUNCTION BUILDING SPACE REQUIRED Administrative Executive offices, general office, and

supporting office Manufacturing Fabrication, assembly processing,

financing, and refining Utilities Electrical generation and

transmission, telecommunications, and switching

Extraction Mines and wells Agriculture Farmlands and timberlands Distribution Warehouses, pipelines, and ports Selling Wholesale marts, and retail office

services

SPACE AND FURNISHING STANDARDS ARE GENERALLY BASED ON:

Functional requiremen

tsTasks

performed

Surface area

requirements

Technology or

equipment requiremen

ts

Storage requiremen

ts

Configuration

requirements

Lighting

SPACE AND FURNISHING STANDARDS ARE GENERALLY BASED ON:

Wire manageme

ntAccessorie

s

Conference or

meeting requireme

nts

Organizational

culture

Organizational status

– job classificati

on

Industry or profession

al standards

TWO APPROACHES IN INTERIOR DESIGNING

Closed-Plan Approach

Open-Plan Approach

CLOSED-PLAN APPROACH An office space design that uses panels

and cubicles to create separate individual work spaces for each employee.

ADVANTAGES

Concentration

Physical separationPrivacySecurity

Controlled environme

nt

DISADVANTAGES

Low supervisio

n

Space consumpti

on

Restricted individual and group interactio

n

Cost of relocation

Lack of flexibility

Less efficient

than open plan

OPEN-PLAN APPROACH An office space design that uses large,

open spaces and minimizes the use of small, enclosed rooms such as private offices.

ADVANTAGES

Less expensive

Ease of communica

tion

Greater planning flexibility

Efficient space

utilization

DISADVANTAGES

Less security

Less environmental control

Less auditory privacy

Less visual privacy

ERGONOMICS Is the science of designing something

created specifically to fit human dimensions and respond to functional requirements.

HANDICAP REQUIREMENTS The need for more accessible parking,

building entrances, stairs, elevators, rest rooms, and workstations could reduce the usable site and building size.

LIFE SAFETY Fire evacuation plans, fire extinguishers, sprinkler

systems, panic hardware, unlocked exits, emergency lighting, lighted and unlighted exit signage, emergency speaker systems, emergency power, smoke detectors, fire alarms, adequate passage width and unobstructed exit ways are some of the basic life safety concerns and issues that must be addressed.

ADDITIONAL PLANNING ON DESIGN REQUIREMENTS – CURRENT TRENDS Computer-aided management tools such as decision,

knowledge-based, expert systems, computer-aided design (CAD), computer-aided facility management (CAFM), and facility management information systems (FMIS), both server based and internet based, will continue to develop and assist all levels of management and staff in forecasting, processing, and accessing more pertinent information faster.

TWO PRIMARY REASONS FOR COMPUTERIZING THE FMIS

I• To save time and thus the cost of

information.

II• To deal efficiently with complex and

diverse data.

THE ROLE OF A FACILITY MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEM

Corporate and facility

strategic planning

Reporting for control of

strategic plans

Facility and real property

administration

Facility budgeting,

scheduling, and financial controls

Design and construction planning and

administration

Maintenance and operations planning and

administration

DISASTER PREVENTION AND RECOVERY

Identify the disaster.

Develop prevention and

preparation strategies.

Implement recovery procedure

s if disasters

occur.

FIVE CATEGORIES OF FMIS INFRASTRUCTURE

Personnel Data Equipment Software Vendors

FACILITY MANAGEMENT AND INFORMATION SYSTEM

DISASTER PREVENTION AND PREPARATION

RECOVERY

Personnel Absences Training more than one

operator. Good working

environment. Documentation of system. Responsibility and

authority. Scheduling of vacations.

Reschedule backup time. Implement training for

new.

Productivity Training new users. Time allocation. Allow time to develop

productivity.

Implement training as soon as possible.

Schedule “uninterrupted” time.

Bring vendor in.



RECOVERY

Errors Training program. System “lock out”. Data auditing. Work records.

Locate errors or locate latest valid data.

Correct errors.

Malicious Actions Backup data and store separately.

Password security and change.

Physically isolate data. Data auditing and

system log.

Restore data. Change password. Locate valid data. Identify cause of

problem.



RECOVERY

Data Data Loss Power backup and

conditioners. Daily backup stored off-site. Weekly backup stored out of

area. Check backups and restore

monthly.

Determine extent of loss. Restore only lost data. Test data to verify. Check for computer virus and

remove virus from system.

Data Corruption Data auditing process. Backup incrementally. Work-order log of changes.

Identify corrupt data. Check for computer virus and

remove virus from the system.

Restore noncorrupt data. Destroy any corrupt backup.

Noncurrent Data Data maintenance process. Record of facility changes. Update and maintenance

program.

Identify extent of update required.

Determine in-house or service.

Update data.



RECOVERY

Equipment Lost of Stolen Physical security.

Insurance coverage. Store data separately. Encrypt data. Backup systems.

Replacement policy. Loaner equipment.

Breakdown Regular maintenance. Power perfection. Maintenance contracts. Backup systems.

Response time. Loaner equipment. Lead time for replacement.

Obsolescence Open architecture hardware.

Standard parts. Upgradable.

Determine upgrade required.

Upgrade of replace? Other uses for system.


DISASTER PREVENTION AND PREPARATION RECOVERY

Software

Faulty Software Research. Test . Standard data format. Ease of use.

Purchase compatible software. Develop an in-house program.

Lost or Stolen or Damaged Store original disks separately. Register software. Insure any “lock”. Make backup disks.

Request new disks from the manufacturer.

Re-install from backup. File police report. File insurance claim.

Obsolescence Buy from reputable maker. Data in standard format. Excess capacity.

Purchase new software with same data format.

Convert formulas and programs. Input data from old system.

Incompatibility “Standard data”. “Industry standard”. Hardware requirements.

Change software. Upgrade hardware. Translation programs.



RECOVERY

Vendors Poor Performance Selection of

dependable and reliable vendors.

Multiple vendors.

Select new vendor. Change software. Develop support in-

house. High Cost Ensure competition.

Negotiate. Alternate vendor. In-house support.

Out of Business Multiple sources. Manufacturer support.

Alternate vendor. In-house support.

WORK ENVIRONMENT TRENDS

The traditional workplace“Hoteling”“Non-territorial”The “Caves and Commons”“Free addresses”“Telecommuting”

TRADITIONAL WORKPLACE Today’s office environments consists of private or semi-

private space separated by enclosed walls and supported by systems furniture.

Larger offices, larger staff, and an office with a window are examples of traditional perks. Studies shows that these traditional methods of space utilization, which require increasingly expensive lease space and human resources, represent ineffective space management for today’s business environment.

As a result, several concepts have been designed to achieve better results.

HOTELING A space-sharing concept in which work space is

made available on advance notice from employee.

It operates like a hotel, where a room is provided on request.

This arrangement can be useful for companies with a group of employees who spend a great deal of their time outside their traditional offices.

NON-TERRITORIAL Have been designed for projects involving short-or-moderate-term

teamwork. In a non-territorial environment, no one person has an assigned workstation but shares space, resources, files, and quiet areas with other members of their team. The sharing of resources encourages interaction.

They are not appropriate for all companies and all types of work. Such practices are far from risk free and should be considered in the context of each specific organization. Although an exciting new possibility, organizations should carefully consider whether this type of work environment is right for them before adopting this latest trend.

NON-TERRITORIAL

BENEFITS DRAWBACKS Employees have the opportunity to

choose a location that is most conducive to their work task.

o Loss of personal identity. Research shows that people like to have their own space and to personalize their environment. It is often considered a basic human need.

Ability to mix with a variety of people and meet people in other teams.

o Inability to adopt your space to your specific needs e.g. in terms of hearing and sight needs, the height of your chair and adjustments to your PC.

Better for the organization in terms of alignment between the type of work and type of space.

o Issues of noise due to high occupancy rates.

Equal access to office spaces. o Overall feelings of powerless and job dissatisfaction.

CAVES AND COMMONS Each office worker has a private office, often small, which opens into a

generous open area surrounded by many other private offices. The open area has a kitchen, some couches, sometimes tables for

sitting around informally, and sometimes a working library, or at least a rack of current periodicals. You can shut the door of your cave and concentrate, or you can leave your door open and keep an eye and ear on who’s coming and going in the commons, and whether the meeting or presentation going on there might be worth leaning on.

FREE ADDRESS A less-structured method for managing unassigned space. Without

using a reservation system, people who come to the office on any given day choose from the empty or available desk to work from that day. It takes less setup, planning, and cost since it does not require a reservation system, but only works in environments where space is plentiful and cost reduction is not a goal.

Free address in space-constrained environments lead to conflict since there is no arbitrator and it perpetuates the high cost of vacant space.

It is often debated hotly between real estate management side and office users side within the company, because it means not having one’s own desk.

For those who are to work in a department within a company that has free address office, it is like going to class in a university where one does not have any seat arrangement.

TELECOMMUTING Is working from a remote location outside of a

traditional office. The remote location can be from home, a coffee shop, or a hotel room. Internet, faxes, phones, webcams, and instant messaging are some of the technological advances that enable this type of work arrangement. Most telecommuters work in the financial, high-tech, and communications industries.

TELECOMMUTING

Advantage

• Opportunities are great for single-parent homes and those for physical disabilities. Today, some parents choose to stay at home with their kids instead of putting them in day care.

• If you have a physical disability, you don’t have to worry about whether or not a job is handicapped-accessible.

• Another benefit is that you will not have a traffic commute and you can save on gas as well if you don’t have to commute.

Disadvantage

• There are many distractions that you may have to deal with. For example, if you’re working from home, you could find yourself dealing with a crying child, a barking dog, or friends and family visiting or calling you when you should be working. These distractions can make it look like you were unproductive all day.

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