Interim Provision of Tsunami Watch Information for the Indian Ocean Countries

Pacific Tsunami Warning Center Japan Meteorological Agency

Motivation for Interim Provisionof Tsunami Watch Information

Interim Provision of Tsunami Watch Information

Need an Emergency Measure

No Tsunami Warningif a big tsunami were generated again

26 Dec 2004 SUMATRA-ANDAMAN ISLANDS EARTHQUAKE

Sea level dataSea level data

Japan Meteorological

Agency

Collection via Internet

Enhancement of existing function

Country

Dissemination of Tsunami Watch

Information

PacificTsunamiWarningCenter

Collection via Internet or

Meteorological Satellites

Seismic waveform data

Seismic waveform data

Country

Country

Through the Global Telecommunication

System of WMO, E-mail and/or Facsimile

(Currently available)

(Enhancement of communication facility of existing tide gauges)

National arrangements

Estimation of tsunami travel time

Indian Ocean region

Tsunami Watch Information should be Regarded as a Reference for Taking Preventive Measure against Possible Tsunamis on the Responsibility and Initiative

of the Individual Countries

on the responsibility and initiative of the individual countries!

residents

residents

residents

P-WAVE TRAVEL TIMES FOR 12/26/04 EARTHQUAKE

Sea Level Stations in the Indian Ocean

As of April 14 2006

ISSUE TIME OF PTWC INITIAL BULLETINS FOR PACIFIC TELESEISMS

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005

EVENT TIME (YEAR)

MIN

UT

ES

SIN

CE

QU

AK

E

Seismic criteria for PTWC/JMA IO Advisories

Depth Location (Mw) Tsunami Potential Bulletin Type

< 100 km

Under or very near the sea

6.5 to 7.0

Very small potential for a destructive local tsunami

Information Bulletin

7.1 to 7.5

Potential for a destructive local tsunami

LocalTsunami Watch

7.6 to 7.8

Potential for a destructive regional tsunami

Regional Tsunami Watch

≥ 7.9 Potential for a destructive ocean-wide tsunami

Ocean-wide Tsunami Watch

Inland 6.5 No tsunami potential Information Bulletin

≥ 100 km

All Locations

≥ 6.5 No tsunami potential Information Bulletin

PTWC Preliminary Forecast Points

TSUNAMI BULLETIN NUMBER 001PACIFIC TSUNAMI WARNING CENTER/NOAA/NWSISSUED AT 0117Z 11 APR 2005

THIS BULLETIN IS FOR ALL AREAS OF THE INDIAN OCEAN.

... TSUNAMI INFORMATION BULLETIN ...

THIS MESSAGE IS FOR INFORMATION ONLY.

AN EARTHQUAKE HAS OCCURRED WITH THESE PRELIMINARY PARAMETERS

ORIGIN TIME - 0100Z 11 APR 2005 COORDINATES - 1.3 NORTH 97.5 EAST LOCATION - NORTHERN SUMATERA INDONESIA MAGNITUDE - 6.7

Sample Tsunami Information Bulletin

EVALUATION

A DESTRUCTIVE WIDESPREAD TSUNAMI THREAT DOES NOT EXIST BASED ON HISTORICAL EARTHQUAKE AND TSUNAMI DATA. HOWEVER - THERE IS A VERY SMALL POSSIBILITY OF A LOCAL TSUNAMI THAT COULD AFFECT COASTS LOCATED USUALLY NO MORE THAN A HUNDRED KILOMETERS FROM THE EARTHQUAKE EPICENTER. AUTHORITIES IN THE REGION NEAR THE EPICENTER SHOULD BE MADE AWARE OF THIS POSSIBILITY. THIS WILL BE THE ONLY BULLETIN ISSUED BY THE PACIFIC TSUNAMIWARNING CENTER FOR THIS EVENT UNLESS ADDITIONAL INFORMATIONBECOMES AVAILABLE.

THE JAPAN METEOROLOGICAL AGENCY MAY ISSUE ADDITIONAL INFORMATIONFOR THIS EVENT.

Sample Tsunami Information Bulletin (cont’d)

TSUNAMI BULLETIN NUMBER 002PACIFIC TSUNAMI WARNING CENTER/NOAA/NWSISSUED AT 0354Z 11 APR 2005

THIS BULLETIN IS FOR ALL AREAS OF THE INDIAN OCEAN.

... A LOCAL TSUNAMI WATCH IS IN EFFECT ...

A TSUNAMI WATCH IS IN EFFECT FOR

INDONESIA

FOR OTHER AREAS OF THE INDIAN OCEAN REGION, THIS MESSAGE IS ANADVISORY ONLY.

AN EARTHQUAKE HAS OCCURRED WITH THESE PRELIMINARY PARAMETERS

ORIGIN TIME - 0100Z 11 APR 2005 COORDINATES - 1.3 NORTH 97.5 EAST LOCATION - NORTHERN SUMATERA INDONESIA MAGNITUDE - 7.2

Sample Local Tsunami Watch Supplement

ESTIMATED INITIAL TSUNAMI WAVE ARRIVAL TIMES. ACTUAL ARRIVAL TIMESMAY DIFFER AND THE INITIAL WAVE MAY NOT BE THE LARGEST. THE TIMEBETWEEN SUCCESSIVE TSUNAMI WAVES CAN BE FIVE MINUTES TO ONE HOUR.

LOCATION COORDINATES ARRIVAL TIME -------------------------------- ------------ ------------ INDONESIA SIMEULUE 2.5N 96.0E 0134Z 11 APR SIBERUT 1.5S 98.7E 0144Z 11 APR PADANG 0.9S 100.1E 0214Z 11 APR BANDA ACEH 5.5N 95.1E 0223Z 11 APR BENGKULU 3.9S 102.0E 0238Z 11 APR BANDAR LAMPUNG 6.0S 105.5E 0338Z 11 APR CILACAP 7.8S 108.9E 0351Z 11 APR BALI 9.0S 115.5E 0433Z 11 APR BELAWAN 3.8N 98.8E 0544Z 11 APR KUPANG 10.0S 123.4E 0549Z 11 APR

THIS WILL BE THE FINAL BULLETIN ISSUED BY THE PACIFIC TSUNAMIWARNING CENTER FOR THIS EVENT UNLESS ADDITIONAL INFORMATIONBECOMES AVAILABLE.

THE JAPAN METEOROLOGICAL AGENCY MAY ISSUE ADDITIONAL INFORMATIONFOR THIS EVENT.

Sample Local Tsunami Watch Supplement (cont’d)

PTWC PreliminaryForecast Points

COMMUNICATIONS METHODS FOR THE COMMUNICATIONS METHODS FOR THE INDIAN OCEANINDIAN OCEAN

• KEEP IT SIMPLER THAN IN THE PACIFICKEEP IT SIMPLER THAN IN THE PACIFIC

• GTS AS THE BACKBONE SYSTEMGTS AS THE BACKBONE SYSTEM

• TELEFAX AND EMAIL AS ALTERNATE METHODSTELEFAX AND EMAIL AS ALTERNATE METHODS

• CONFIRMATION OF RECEIPT?CONFIRMATION OF RECEIPT?

• PERSON-TO-PERSON TELEPHONE CONTACT SHOULD PERSON-TO-PERSON TELEPHONE CONTACT SHOULD NOT BE REQUIRED, BUT MAY BE USEDNOT BE REQUIRED, BUT MAY BE USED

Bulletin Type WMO Identifier Purpose

Tsunami Information WEIO23 PHEB Advise Government Agencies

Tsunami Watch WEIO21 PHEB Advise Government Agencies

Tsunami Informaton WEIO33 PHEB

(ready but not used)

Advise the Public and Media

Tsunami Watch WEIO31 PHEB

(ready but not used)

Advise the Public and Media

Earthquake Information

SEIO61 PHEB

(ready but not used)

Exchange of initial earthquake params

WMO (GTS) PRODUCT IDENTIFIERS FOR WMO (GTS) PRODUCT IDENTIFIERS FOR PTWC PRODUCTS IN THE INDIAN OCEANPTWC PRODUCTS IN THE INDIAN OCEAN

• Source Parameters– Origin time (UTC),

Coordinates (latitude, longitude), Location name of the epicenter , Depth (if 100km or more), magnitude

• Evaluation of Tsunamigenic Potential

• Estimated Tsunami Travel Time

• Observations of tsunami

Contents of TWI (JMA)

Example of JMA Tsunami Watch Information TSUNAMI BULLETIN NUMBER NUMBER 001

ISSUED BY THE JAPAN METEOROLOGICAL AGENCY (JMA)

ISSUED AT 1602 24 JUL 2005 (UTC)

... A LOCAL TSUNAMI WATCH IS IN EFFECT ...

1.EARTHQUAKE INFORMATION

ORIGIN TIME : 1542 24 JUL 2005 (UTC)

COORDINATES : 8.7 NORTH 92.1 EAST

LOCATION : NICOBAR ISLANDS, INDIA, REGION

MAGNITUDE : 7.3

2.EVALUATION

THERE IS A POSSIBILITY OF A DESTRUCTIVE LOCAL TSUNAMI

IN THE INDIAN OCEAN.

3.ESTIMATED TSUNAMI TRAVEL TIME

ONE HOUR OR LESS

INDIA:

ALL COASTS OF ANDAMAN AND NICOBAR ISLANDS

INDONESIA:

INDIAN OCEAN COAST OF SUMATRA

MALACCA COAST OF SUMATRA

*TSUNAMI TRAVEL TIME IS ESTIMATED ONLY FROM EARTHQUAKE DATA

AND INDICATES THE TIME LAPSE BETWEEN ORIGIN TIME AND TSUNAMI

ARRIVAL TIME.

*THIS WILL BE THE FINAL INFORMATION UNLESS THERE ARE CHANGES

ABOUT THE POTENTIAL OF TSUNAMI GENERATION AND ESTIMATED TSUNAMI

TRAVEL TIME BY RE-EVALUATION OF THE EARTHQUAKE OR THERE ARE

REPORTS ON TSUNAMI OBSERVATIONS.

Earthquake Information

Potential of Tsunami

Estimated Tsunami Travel Time

Tsunami Watch Information Recipient Countries

India

Indonesia

Australia

Malaysia

Thailand

Myanmar

Bangladesh

IranPakistan

Oman

Yemen

UAE

Sri LankaMaldives

Singapore

Mozambique

East Timor

Seychelles

South Africa

Tanzania

Kenya

Reunion Island

Chagos Archipelago

(United Kingdom)Mayotte Island

Kerguren Island

Amsterdam Island

St. Paul Island

MauritiusMadagascar

Comoros

Crozet Island

France

Origin Time (UTC) Latitude Longitude Magnitude Issuance Time (UTC)

02:46 16 August 2005 38.1N 142.4E 6.8 02:55 16 August 2005

07:27 9 September 2005 4.6S 153.3E 7.3 07:56 9 September 2005

15:51 15 October 2005 25.3N 123.4E 6.5 16:03 15 October 2005

21:38 14 November 2005 38.0N 145.0E 6.9 21:50 14 November 2005

Provision of NWPTA/JMA

Provision of TWI/JMA for Indian Ocean

*: This earthquake occurred before official commencement of providing Tsunami Watch Information. Therefore, JMA transmitted tsunami information to eleven countries around the Indian Ocean by facsimile in about 25 minutes after the earthquake.

Origin Time (UTC) Latitude Longitude Magnitude Issuance Time (UTC)

16:09 28 Mar 2005 2.1N 97.1E 8.7 *

10:29 10 April 2005 1.1S 99.4E 6.8 10:56 10 April 2005

16:38 16 April 2005 1.9N 97.8E 6.5 16:59 16 April 2005

14:07 28 April 2005 2.2N 96.9E 6.6 14:30 28 April 2005

05:05 14 May 2005 0.7N 98.7E 6.8 05:32 14 May 2005

01:54 19 May 2005 2.0N 97.0E 6.6 02:15 19 May 2005

01:52 5 July 2005 1.9N 97.0E 6.7 02:15 5 July 2005

14:10 19 November 2005 3.0N 96.5E 6.5 14:32 19 November 2005

22:19 22 February 2006 21.0S 33.3E 7.2 22:50 22 February 2006

15:28 16 May 2006 0.1N 97.0E 6.9 15:50 16 May 2006

Thank you very much.