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INTERFACE 2010: EXPLORING CAREER OPPORTUNITIES

What is Education?

Education is Knowledge or Skill Obtained or Developed by the learning process. Mostlydevelopment of Knowledge is Education. Education is learning the Skill to Survive.

Why we need Education?

The purpose of education is, it develops to understand the circumstances, builds brainpower toimprove systems to raise, increases the living standard, and it improve the society and culture.Most important concern in our modern social life is how to earn and live comfortable and safe life,so education is an important one in the life.

Education and Economy

The next thing is Economy. Education plays an important role in Economy. Education is mainly toimprove the Financial and the Economic status of a person. The countries economy is mainlydepend on the education. If a country provides better education automatically that countryeconomic status improves. Because of Education only some countries are rich and some countriesare still poor because of bad education.

Global Literacy rate

India@50-69%

Orissa 63.61%

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Why Education System is important?

Education is a basic human right, and is key to a life with dignity. Quality, relevant education contributes to economic growth, peace, stability and good governance.

Education and technology goes hand in hand

Current Scenario in India

World well known higher education institutions Challenge of maintaining quality of education in primary and secondary schools, vocational

studies, distance education

New emerging professions (like BPOs, clinical research, aviation, travel, tourism etc.) Rough estimate of approx 8.8 lakhs elementary schools 3-4 lakhs upper primary schools 1.46 lakhs secondary and senior secondary schools Around 7.7 lakhs ISO 9000 certified schools and 1.1 lakhs

ISO 14000 certified schools all over the world

Hubs of excellence but no synergyIndian Education SystemThe Indian Education System is broadly classified into its primary, secondary and higher studies.

y The K-12 School SystemThe Indian education system is based upon 12 years of schooling (10+2), which includes primaryand secondary education. Secondary schools are affiliated with central or state boards. These boardsspecify the curriculum and conduct examinations at the end of X and XII grades. Many of theprivate schools as well as many of the good government schools are affiliated with the CentralBoard of Secondary Education (CBSE).The primary education follow the K-12 pattern. The K-12schools are divided into three categories primary (I-V), upper primary (VI-VII), and high (IX-

XII).

y Higher Education SystemHigher education is provided by colleges. Colleges are affiliated to universities. Universities are ofthree kinds universities (unitary and affiliated, state and central), deemed universities, andinstitutes of national importance (IITS / IIMS).

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The diagram below summarizes the Indian Education System:

Education A Way Towards Growth And Development

In the past century, India progressed from a stage where the application of science to manufacturingtechniques or to agricultural practices became the basis for production. This demands a highlyskilled labour force. During last quarter of20th century, three technologies emerged, which havechanged production, transportation and life style of the people profoundly. These are:

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Information Technology Communication Biotechnologies

The convergence of increased computing power, reduced communication costs among people,institutions and countries, which has significantly increased the speed of production anddistribution. It is also seen that knowledge produced by Research and Development, (R & D)inventions created in universities and industrial laboratories are creating the so called knowledgeindustries.

Education has been found a major source of productivity growth, and because education increasesproductive human capital, it contributes to overall increase in economic growth. In a knowledgeeconomy, higher education benefits more than just those who attend. Knowledge economy reliesheavily on a well trained workforce comprising knowledge workers that can not only apply

knowledge but are also capable of analysis and decision making based on information.

Employment generation scenario of Orissa

Tax paid INR

State 452.50

Central 1028.53

Direct 14992

State : 10400

Outside State : 4592

Indirect 35745

State : 27838

Outside State : 7909

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Overview

Orissa acquired the status of a separate State on April 1, 1936. Oriyas were believed to betradition- bound and were quite apathetic to receive the liberal education introduced during theBritish Rule. However, in pro-independence days, like other states, it also participated in the raceand witnessed a massive quantitative expansion in its education system to get a separate position inthe education movement of India. This is now being enhanced by the Government of India with dueattention towards the primary and secondary education. The importance of higher education andprofessional courses are well understood in the todays scenario by the students, parents and as awhole by the society, which is reflected in their performance and interests.

Orissa was one of the last Indian territories to come under the British rule and therefore wasexposed much later to the liberal education introduced by them. At the same time, Orissa hasalways made concerted efforts to provide quality education to all. Prospects of a brighter future areevidently in the offing in view of certain major initiatives of the Government of Orissa and theGovernment of India. The below mentioned numerical data of various institutes in the state throwssome light about the recent educational status.

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Few years back..

The people of Orissa have faced a number of problems since and continue to do so. The problemsinclude lack of quality education in primary stage, poverty, unemployment, the politicisation andcriminalisation of society, corruption and law and order problems.The present educational system is a failure in Orissa. The pressure of the educational system istaking a toll on students. The exam oriented system judges the student on the basis of hisperformance in the annual examination held at the end of every session. Getting the child admittedin a good school is a Herculean task for the parents. As people are the citizens of the country, thegovernment should shoulder the responsibility of providing an immaculate environment to thepeople. Industrialisation in Orissa was carried out by the private sector. Hence the progress ofindustrialisation was very slow. The primary occupation of the masses was agriculture, whichyielded low per capita income. The increasing population is a matter of grave concern. The rate ofeconomic growth has been unable to keep pace with the increasing population. Increase in

population has meant an increase in unemployment.

The masses are illiterate and hence they were unaware of their rights and privileges. Due to lowstandard of living, the population of the state suffers from malnutrition, high infant mortality.Another problem is the acute shortage of housing facilities in every district. The people were forcedto live in bellow poverty line. There are 5.5 million families in the Below Poverty Line (BPL) list.The economic stagnation that has been witnessed in Orissa is because of the pluralistic pattern ofsociety, unemployment and uneconomic outlook of the people.

Poverty in Orissa is on the decline but it is still a major issue. Rural Indians depend onunpredictable agriculture incomes, while urban Indians really on jobs that are at best scarce. Since1990, the issue of poverty has remained a prevalent concern. Due to poverty, people ofMalakangir, Koraput, Nabarangpur, Nuapada, kandhamal, Bargard, Nayagadh, Gajpati, etc, arefinding it difficult to meet the minimum requirement of acceptable living standards, many of themare unemployed and considered poor.

Millions of people in the state are unable to meet the basic standards of living. Nearly 70 per cent ofthe entire rural population and 40 per cent of the urban population of Orissa lives in this difficultphysical and financial predicament. The state still has a long way to go in order to be called a

developed state from all perspectives - social economical and political.

Since 2000, the Orissa government has implemented a number of programmes designed toeradicate poverty, and has had failure with these programmes. The government has sought toincrease the GDP through different processes, including changes in industrial policies. The TrainingRural Youth for Self Employment and other on-going programmes.

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Vital educational stats wrt ORISSA

CATEGORY TOTAL NUMBER TOTAL ENROLMENTNUMBER

OFTEACHERS

TEACHER-

STUDENTRATIO

Pre-PrimarySchools 373 30498 - -PrimarySchools 42104 4080000 111040 37

ElementarySchools 12096 1296000 39814 34SecondarySchools 6072 1031000 51436 20

SeniorSecondarySchools 231 10500 7827 57

PreDegree /JuniorColleges 510 376000BoardofIntermediate/SecondaryEducation

1 - - -

Degree College524

(Arts/Sc./Com.)138932

(BA/BSc.BCom)- -

Engg. College13 3345

(B.E./B.Sc./B.Arch.)

- -

ProfessionalCollege - - - -

MedicalCollege19 3120

(MBBS)- -

AllUniversity

5 10807(MA/MSc/MCom)

499(Ph.D/D.Phill/D.Sc.)

- -

CentralUniversity - - - -

State university - - - -DeemedUniversity - - - -

Institution ofNationalImportance - - - -Research Institution - - - -

TeacherTraining College13 2028

(B.Ed. /B.T.)- -

TeacherTraining School 69 7200 - -Polytechnic Institutes 5 800 - -

Technical/Industrial/Arts & Craft School 26 7300 - -

Career Opportunities:

y MBBSy B.E/B.TECH/D.E/ITIy Govt Jobsy Research /Scientistsy Labor in MSMEs

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Medical Colleges in Bhubaneswar-Puri area

Existing

SCB Medical College H

iTech Medical College Kalinga Institute of Medical Sciences SUM Hospital and Medical College

Upcoming

MedicalCollege ofVedanta University AIIMS Bhubaneswar Capital Medical College MedicalCollege of Sri Sri University MedicalCollege ofNational University

Challenges NeedforReforms

Even after so many advancements made to the Education Sector still India is facing deep challenges.These includes

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ProvideQuality education rather than focusing on quantity A huge variance between Rural and Urban education system Like Health Sector a very low or no focus by Indian Government to improve education in

Government Schools and Colleges

Reservations and Quota system emerged as the only motivating factor to improve literacy. Theactual need is to come up with reforms to promote literacy by better education More Stress is required to improve the quality of teachers and promote environment and perks to

improve teachership Create quality education hubs like IITs and IIMs. Reforms on bringing up the foreign college

affiliations in India to improve quality. Brain Drain continues to be the biggest challenge to bring back the brains to serve the progress of

the nation Provide stress on diversified education with stress on all sectors which can improve the presence of

Indians in varied economies Privatization of schools and colleges although proved as a backbone to Indian Education but

Government need to bring reforms to help reduce the fees or provide alternatives to serveeducation to all income grades.

Vision 2020:

1. The vision for Orissa will be for all of Orissa and opportunities for higher education will bespread out. In particular:

(a) By 2015 each of the 13 undivided districts will have at least one university or a significant branchcampus of a university. The undivided 13 districts are: Balangir(*), Balasore, Cuttack, Dhenkanal(*), Ganjam, Kalahandi (*), Kandhamala (*), Keonjhar (*), Koraput, Mayurbhanj, Puri,Sambalpur, Sundergarh. Currently, the ones marked with (*) do not have a university.

(b) Each of the 13 undivided districts should have at least one medical college. Currently thedistricts of Balangir (@-wodc), Balasore, Dhenkanal (@-MCL), Kalahandi (@-wodc),Kandhamala, Keonjhar, Koraput (@-cuo), Mayurbhanj, Sundergarh (@-wodc) do not have afunctioning medical college. However, medical colleges are in progress in the districts marked with@.

(c) By 2020 each urban area with more than 100K population will have a state university or abranch campus of a state university in that area. Due to their remoteness Phulbani (Kandhamala)and Parlakhemundi (Gajapati) will be two additions to this list. The complete list of these urbanareas is: Jeypore-Koraput*(2020), Rayagada (2020), Parlakhemundi (2020), Berhampur*,

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Puri*(2020), Bhubaneswar-Cuttack-Khurda(*), Paradeep (2020), Kalinganagar (2020), Bhadrak(2020), Balasore*, Baripada*, Bhawanipatna (2015), Phulbani (2015), Angul (2015), Keonjhar(2015), Balangir (2015), Bargarh (2020), Sambalpur*, Jharsuguda (2020), Rourkela*(2015), Joda-Barbil (2020). [* above means that those areas already have a university.However, some of themmay not have a state university or a general university.]

{If someone thinks this is too many, they just need to look at the location of universities in UK inthis web site. As per this page on Oct 17, 2009, UK has 109 universities out of which 90 are inEngland. We are not aiming to be there in 2020, but to be there in 2040 we need the above plan.}

(d) An Orissa skills university be established with branches in all districtHQs of the state.

(e) An Orissa Tribal University will be established with campuses in all district HQ's with STpercentage of more than 40%. As of now those districts are: Malkangiri (58.36%), Mayurbhanj

(57.87%), Rayagada (56.04%), Nabarangpur (55.27%), Kandhamala (51.51%), Koraput(50.67%), Sundergarh (50.74%), Gajapati (47.88%), Keonjhar (44.52%). The head quarter of thisuniversity will be in Phulbani (because of its central location) and it will be next to the proposedIGNTU campus there.

(f) A Sports University will be established near Rourkela with two additional campuses at Jagatpur(Cuttack) and KBK. The Rourkela operation will specialize on Hockey and the Jagatpur college willfocus on Football and aquatics. The various sports hostels (see also this link) could become part ofthis university.

(g) A second Agricultural University or a significant branch campus (not just a college) will beestablished in a location that will create a geographical balance.

(h) Each district headquarter or town (which is not part of a metropolitan area) of more than20,000 people will have its own knowledge centric vision. For example, each will have agovernment college offering arts, science and commerce degrees. To do that existing privatecolleges may be taken over or new government colleges may be created from scratch.

2. Orissa will be competitive nationally and internationally in having knowledge centers. Our Gold

standard will be the state ofCalifornia (USA) whose total population now (36.7 million) is almostthe same as that of Orissa (population is36.7 million, but in 2001). In terms of area, Orissa's area(155.82K sq km) is comparable to the area of the state of New York (141.3K sq km) andConnecticut (14.356Ksq km) put together. Alternatively, Orissa can also use England as abenchmark; Orissa's area is a bit more than that of England's area (130.281K sq km) and populationis a bit less than that of England (50.1 million). In particular we will plan for:

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(a) An international level knowledge hub that can compete with the best knowledge hubs of theworld such as the San Francisco-San Jose area or the Boston metropolitan area.

(b) 5 knowledge hubs comparable to current tier 2 cities in India with one of them (from thewestern corridor) a bit more developed than the others.

(c) 5-6 strategically placed placed mini-knowledge hubs comparable to the infrastructure that iscurrently in the Berhampur and Sambalpur area of Orissa, with 1 or 2 of them moving further upthe chain.

(d) Two knowledge corridors: Eastern and Western corridors.This will be achieved by judicious combination of central, state and private resources andpartnerships (PPPs).

3. Orissa will be at the forefront of relevant research. In particular Orissa will push forestablishment of research centers and research institutes (in Orissa) on thevarious grand challengetopics. Some of the research centers and institutes may be part of the existing institutions such asIIT Bhubaneswar, NISER Bhubaneswar, NIT Rourkela, VSSUT Burla, AIIMS Bhubaneswar, etc.

4. The act for the universities will be changed so as to give more autonomy to the universities andtheir VCs in terms of their functioning.

5. The higher education structure of the state at the college level will be reorganized so that theteachers in each college have a stake in improving that college.

6. The vacant positions in colleges and universities will be filled by regular faculty.

7. The faculty recruitment criteria must change from what is mentionedinhttp://www.orissalinks.com/archives/ 1602 to be more research oriented and based on thequality of research (publications, thesis, etc.).

8. Like the central government the state government will increase retirement age of faculty inuniversities and colleges to 65.

9. To keep good faculty from leaving the state universities and colleges a Chair corpus will becreated via PPP through which outstanding faculty can get a supplemental pay as a designated chair.

10. Our recommendations will spillover from higher education to building infrastructure tosupport higher education.