INTERCONNECTED DOMESTIC

AMERICAN SYSTEM – PROMOTESMAJOR EXPANSIVE FORCE = COTTON

TRADE

Market Revolution

Essential Questions:

What are the factors that contributed to the development of the market economy?

What is the impact of the market economy: Economically, Socially, Politically?

New Nationalism: Era of Good Feelings 1812-1820

High period of prosperity and nationalism - unity

American System – Clay Protective tariff Second BUS FFII

Internal Expansion – economically & west Land and cotton trade = major expansion

force

Economic Nationalism

Transportation infrastructureDevelopment in commercial agriculture,

business/manufacturing & tradeCreativity and innovation Unity Jeffersonian and Hamiltonian goals and

methods

Role ofGovt.

Role ofGovt.

Foreign PolicyBullyAdams-Onis Treaty

(Transcontinental) Florida –US $5 million – SP Boundary clarified US – gives up TX

claims; SP - Oregon

SG – Pacific/Asia

CompromiseRush Bagot Treaty

Demilitarized Great Lakes

Commission of 1818 49th parallel 30 yrs joint

occupation OregonTreaty w/ Russia

Adams-Onis Treaty 1819

Monroe Doctrine 1823

Issue – re-colonizing by Europe/BrPrinciples

Non-colonization Non-interference

SG American unilateralism – autonomy in

foreign policy Eventual sphere of influence in LAmerica

Impact

OpportunityGrowth - demographicsExpansion – economic, geographicSpecialization SectionalismAmerican Exceptionalism Paradox of FreedomIndividualism

Sectional Economies: South

Cotton Elements for success

Land Slavery (unfree labor) Cotton gin Demand – textiles – domestic/Europe

Sectional Economies: North

Textile (primary)/shoes etc.Elements for success

Water Capital Labor (free) technology

Regional Economies: West

Commercial agriculture – regional centers – grain/livestock –linked by rivers

Far West – furs, exchanges with the tribes

Contributing Factors

Distribution system Interconnected domestic market Unity --- Sectionalism tensions

Internal Expansion: Northern Society

Material growth and development Telegraph RailroadsImprovements in manufacturing and

agriculturalIncrease in volume and range of

internal trade Mass immigration

Railroads

30,000 m by 1860New financing Loans state and localLand grants - federal

Transportation Revolution

Issue = create a cheap, efficient and dependable system

Roads ----Canals-----SteamboatsEmerging solution = RRPostal systemSectional differences

Lancaster Turnpike 1790By 1832 – 2400 miles of turnpikes

Conestoga Wagons &Trails

Yankee Clipper Ships

Fulton and the Steamship

The Clermont

Erie Canal System – Clinton

Erie Canal 1820

Demographics

Population increase – 5.3-9.6 MLabor & markets Geographic changes – mobility –

geographic, seeking opportunityRegional changes – NE --- more

urban, S and W --- agrarian

Immigration - Opportunity

1820- 1840 700,0001840 -1860 4.2 million;3 million

arrived 1845-1855Greatest influx in proportion to

population1.5 million Irish; 1 million + German66,000 ChineseNativism- American party

Impact on cities

Overcrowding, poverty, disease, crimeSegregated by social classEthnic neighborhood and self help

groups (Five Points )Political parties and civic

celebrations unify “cauldrons of democracy”

Favorable Government Actions

Limited liability and incorporation lawsEasy credit - climate for riskSupreme Court Ruling which fostered

economic development Fletcher v Peck 1810 McCulloch v MD 1819 Gibbons v Ogden 1824 Dartmouth v Woodward 1824

Key Supreme Court Cases

Fletcher v Peck & Dartmouth v Woodward – sanctity of contracts (public and private) (SCt. >state leg.)

McCulloch v MD(1819) Implied powers clause affirmed BUS affirmed

Gibbons v Ogden(1824)- federal government regulates interstate commerce

Cohens v VA – SCt >state SCt

Technology

Steam power Interchangeable parts Cotton gin Power loom & spinning jenny Power press Eventually the telegraph

The Cotton Gin

Whitney’s Gun Factory

Interchangeable parts rifle

Entrepreneurial Leadership & Innovation

Factory system –Lowell System

Laborers = Mill girls; paternalism

Finance – Boston Associates

Use of Water Power

Impact: Labor

Mill Girls – Dublin essay Decreased status artisans and

workersGutman – transformation and

adjustment Decreased autonomy First labor issues – ability to control

conditions/terms of work Commonwealth v Hunt 1842 – right

to strike

Lowell Girls

“Mill Worker” James Taylor

Millwork ain’t easyMillwork ain’t hard Millwork it ain’t

nothing But an awful boring

jobI’m waiting for a

daydreamTo take me through

the morningAnd put me in my

coffee break Where I can have a

sandwich And Remember

Then it’s me and my machine

For the rest of the morning

For the rest of the afternoon

And the rest of my life

So I may work the mills just as long as I am able

And never meet the man whose name is on the label

Lowell Dormitories“Oh isn’t it a pity

that a girl as pretty as I –Should be sent to a factory to pine away and die. Oh I cannot be a slave. I will not be a slave. For I am too fond of liberty.”

New Working Class – Wage Labor (wage slavery)

Immigrants replaced young unmarried native born women (most still women)– 61.7%

Decreased paternalism; impersonal; worker as machine or part - response Tardiness; drunkenness, absence, loafing

Increase in labor militancy – race and ethnicity divided

Socio-economic Impact

Middle class emerges Division of labor male/female Social mobility – possibilities Maldistribution of wealth increased Increasing working classLoss of status for the craftsmanNew emphases – speed, time,

efficiencyMaterialism – wealth > intellectBoom – Bust cycle

Political and Economic Impact

Sectionalism affected the party system faction – 2APPS (economics)

Environmental consequences Anxiety – fears about loss of

opportunity Racism – fear of failure increased

Job competition in northern states

Images and Stereotypes

The minstrel showReinforced ideas

End of the Era of Good Feelings

Panic of 1819 – first major depression Missouri Compromise 1820 Defeats of FFII – Bonus Bill Increasing sectional identity

Missouri Compromise 1820

Issue – extension of slaveryTallmadge Amendment – post natal

emancipationSectional tensions – issues are

highlightedCompromise – Clay ---”sacred”

Maine free/Missouri slave (pattern balances Senate)

No slavery north of 36 30 in Louisiana Purchase territory --

Missouri Compromise

Prompt:

The D of I announced and defined the principles by which the American nation would be based. When examining the market economy and its effects, analyze the extent to which it helped the nation to achieve these principles or impeded the achievement of these goals.

Ante Bellum American Art

Patriotic Art – post War of 1812 Classic themes in sculpture and

architecture

US Customs House 1836

Jefferson Rotunda UVA 1819

Capitol Rotunda

Washington - Greenough

Washington Crossing the Delaware 1851 - Leutze

Our Banner in the Sky -Church

Hudson River School 1820-70

Capture the undiluted power of nature

Paint the most spectacular and undeveloped areas –”Garden of Eden”

Nature is the best source of wisdom and fulfillment

Visual representation of ideas of Transcendentalism Art as agent of moral and spiritual

transformation Art as way the universal mind reaches

human mind

Characteristics

New art for a new landGrand scenic vistasHumans are insignificantBroken tree/stump = symbolExperiments with effect of light on

sky and water

Issues and Themes

Transcendentalist thinkingWestern expansionAmerican nationalism –”What is an

American?” creation of national mythology

Racism and Native AmericansPolitical extremism Impact of civilization on nature –

price paid for civilization

Nature’s Wonderland – Doughty 1835

Niagara – Church 1857

Catskill’s Early Autumn - Cole

The Oxbow – Cole 1836

The Course of Empire:The Savage State – Cole 1834

The Course of Empire: The Pastoral State – Cole 1836

The Course of Empire: Consummation – Cole 1836

The Course of Empire: Destruction – Cole 1836

The Course of Empire: Desolation – Cole 1836

Kindred Spirit – Durand 1849

Boston Harbor from Constitution Wharf –Salmon 1833

Watercolors by Audubon

Fur Trappers Descending the Missouri – Bingham 1845

Frontier Artists

Noble Savage Stoic IndianDemonic IndianDoomed Indian

Young Omahaw – King 1821

Buffalo Bull’s Fat Back: Head Chief Blood Tribe – Caitlin 1832

Mato Tope – Bodmer 1821

Osage Scalp Dance –Stanley 1845

The Last of the Race – Matteson 1847

Dying Indian Contemplating the Progress of Civilization

Crawford 1857Manifest Destiny Post Civil War