interagency taskforce to prevent childhood lead poisoning from non-paint related sources mary jean...
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Interagency Taskforce to Prevent
Childhood Lead Poisoning from Non-
paint Related Sources
Mary Jean Brown, ScD, RNChief,Childhood Lead Poisoning Prevention BranchCenters for Disease Control and Prevention
Figure . Blood Lead Levels Associated with Adverse Health Effects
Children Lead Concentration in Blood(g/dL) Adults
150
100
50
40
30
20
10
Death Encephalopathy
EncephalopathyNephropathy
Frank AnemiaColic
Nephropathy
Frank Anemia
Male Reproductive Effects
Hemoglobin Synthesis andFemale Reproductive Effects
Nerve Conduction VelocityHemoglobin Synthesis
Vitamin D Metabolism
Nerve Conduction Velocity
Erythrocyte ProtoporphyrinVitamin D Metabolism(?)
Developmental ToxicityIQ, Hearing, Growth
Transplacental Transfer
Elevated Blood Pressure
Erythrocyte Protoporphyrin (men)Erythrocyte Protoporphyrin (women)
Note: = increased function and = decreased function. Source: ATSDR, 1992
1974 1976
1978 1980 1982 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998
Year1972
Blo
od
Le
ad L
eve
ls (µ
/dL
)
18
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
0
2000
Impact of Lead Poisoning Prevention Policy on Reducing Children’s Blood Lead Levels
Lead Gasoline
Phase-out (1973)
Lead-based Paint Poisoning Prevention Act (1971)
Residential Lead Paint Ban (1978)
Lead Title X (1992)
Housing units with lead based paint
hazards reduced by 40% since 1990
Lead Contamination Control Act (1988)
Virtual Elimination of Lead in Gasoline
Ban on lead solder in food cans (1995)
2.7 %2.2 %
Lead in Plumbing banned (1986)
2002
1.6 %
The lead (Pb) story Regulatory action has removed Pb from gasoline, tin
cans, paint and reduced it in food, products, drinking water systems, and workplace.
Pb-dust from paint still an issue. Analysis of city level data indicates that ~ 35% of children > 10 ug/dL Pb in blood lived in a home with earlier cases of Pb exposure.
As prevalence declines – the attributable fraction of Pb exposures from other sources increases.
Primary Prevention-Non-Paint Lead Sources
Intervention before the children’s blood lead becomes elevated Identify communities where cultural practices
and traditional medicines put families at risk. Incorporate lead poisoning prevention activities
into health and community services that reach families at high risk for exposure
Control or eliminate current and new non-essential uses of lead particularly in toys, food implements and cosmetics.
Interagency Taskforce to Prevent Childhood Lead Poisoning from Non-paint Related Sources
Various foods, consumer products, environmental conditions continue to cause Pb-poisoning.
Regulate Exposures: EPA, OSHA, FDA, and
CPSC. Control, Treat, Remediate, and Enforce: CDC,
Commerce, Customs, HUD, and DHHS.
Interagency Taskforce to Prevent Childhood Lead Poisoning from Non-paint Related Sources
Objective: Develop a comprehensive strategy to control
non-paint lead sources through interagency collaboration and cooperation.
Membership: EPA, FDA, CPSC, Commerce, Customs and OSTP
Next Steps: To work at the staff level To develop data collection tools and real time communication
to respond to cases, and To research each agency’s control mechanisms.
Prioritizing Identification and Elimination/Control of Sources
1. Consumption-Look at the overall lead consumption and rank the non-paint sources of lead poisoning that represent the largest percentages of total lead consumed. One problem is that this could end up focused on sources that do not threaten children in their unmodified form and accepted use.
2. Harm Presented-Identify the children harmed by non-paint sources of lead and rank the sources by the severity of their harm and frequency of exposure.
4. Multi-Track-Identify the non-paint sources of lead poisoning that cause harm, and aggressively follow them to recognize trends and provide assistance and information to the federal agency that addresses the particular source.
3. Other considerations-A reasonable alternative exists and using lead in the product is unnecessary
Lead poisoning is a problem we can fix.
For More Information: Dr. Mary Jean Brown Chief, Lead Branch CDC 770-488-7492, [email protected]