interactive effects of visual and auditory intervention on physical performance and perceived effort
DESCRIPTION
Sports medicine journal reading of "Interactive Effects of Visual and Auditory Intervention on Physical Performance and Perceived Effort "TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Interactive Effects of Visual and Auditory Intervention on Physical Performance and Perceived Effort](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062513/55624707d8b42a74188b5abe/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Interactive Effects ofVisual and Auditory Intervention
on Physical Performance and Perceived Effort
Lin JH, Lu FJ. Journal of Sports Science and Medicine 2013
Chung-Yung Lin / I-Hua Chu
![Page 2: Interactive Effects of Visual and Auditory Intervention on Physical Performance and Perceived Effort](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062513/55624707d8b42a74188b5abe/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Agenda
Introduction Experiment 1- Previous research- Aims
- Methods- Results- Discussion
![Page 3: Interactive Effects of Visual and Auditory Intervention on Physical Performance and Perceived Effort](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062513/55624707d8b42a74188b5abe/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Experiment 2 Conclusion- Methods- Results- Discussion
![Page 4: Interactive Effects of Visual and Auditory Intervention on Physical Performance and Perceived Effort](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062513/55624707d8b42a74188b5abe/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Introduction
![Page 5: Interactive Effects of Visual and Auditory Intervention on Physical Performance and Perceived Effort](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062513/55624707d8b42a74188b5abe/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
It’s common to see this now …
![Page 6: Interactive Effects of Visual and Auditory Intervention on Physical Performance and Perceived Effort](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062513/55624707d8b42a74188b5abe/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
But !
![Page 7: Interactive Effects of Visual and Auditory Intervention on Physical Performance and Perceived Effort](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062513/55624707d8b42a74188b5abe/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
What is the effect ?
![Page 8: Interactive Effects of Visual and Auditory Intervention on Physical Performance and Perceived Effort](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062513/55624707d8b42a74188b5abe/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Previous research
Music
Video
Motivational quality
Music preference
![Page 9: Interactive Effects of Visual and Auditory Intervention on Physical Performance and Perceived Effort](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062513/55624707d8b42a74188b5abe/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Previous research
Music
Video
Motivational quality
Music preference
![Page 10: Interactive Effects of Visual and Auditory Intervention on Physical Performance and Perceived Effort](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062513/55624707d8b42a74188b5abe/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Music
Perceived exertion
Physical painEdworthy and Waring, 2006;
McKinney et al., 1997;
Nethery, 2002
![Page 11: Interactive Effects of Visual and Auditory Intervention on Physical Performance and Perceived Effort](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062513/55624707d8b42a74188b5abe/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Music
Perceived exertion
Physical painEdworthy and Waring, 2006;
McKinney et al., 1997;
Nethery, 2002
![Page 12: Interactive Effects of Visual and Auditory Intervention on Physical Performance and Perceived Effort](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062513/55624707d8b42a74188b5abe/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Music
Work efficiency
Coordination
Locsin, 1981; Szabo et al., 1999;
Phumdoung and Good, 2003;
Szmedra and Bacharach, 1998
![Page 13: Interactive Effects of Visual and Auditory Intervention on Physical Performance and Perceived Effort](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062513/55624707d8b42a74188b5abe/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Music
Work efficiency
Coordination
Locsin, 1981; Szabo et al., 1999;
Phumdoung and Good, 2003;
Szmedra and Bacharach, 1998
![Page 14: Interactive Effects of Visual and Auditory Intervention on Physical Performance and Perceived Effort](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062513/55624707d8b42a74188b5abe/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Music
Exercise duration
Strength , HR
Anshel and Marisi ,1978; Matestic, 2002
Copeland and Frank, 1991; Potteiger, et al., 2000
![Page 15: Interactive Effects of Visual and Auditory Intervention on Physical Performance and Perceived Effort](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062513/55624707d8b42a74188b5abe/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Music
Exercise duration
Strength , HR
Anshel and Marisi ,1978; Matestic, 2002
Copeland and Frank, 1991; Potteiger, et al., 2000
![Page 16: Interactive Effects of Visual and Auditory Intervention on Physical Performance and Perceived Effort](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062513/55624707d8b42a74188b5abe/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Previous research
Music
Video
Motivational quality
Music preference
![Page 17: Interactive Effects of Visual and Auditory Intervention on Physical Performance and Perceived Effort](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062513/55624707d8b42a74188b5abe/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Video
80%
13%
Ding, 2011
![Page 18: Interactive Effects of Visual and Auditory Intervention on Physical Performance and Perceived Effort](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062513/55624707d8b42a74188b5abe/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Video
Exercise adherence
Cardiorespiratory functionAnnesi, 2001
![Page 19: Interactive Effects of Visual and Auditory Intervention on Physical Performance and Perceived Effort](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062513/55624707d8b42a74188b5abe/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Video
Exercise adherence
Cardiorespiratory functionAnnesi, 2001
![Page 20: Interactive Effects of Visual and Auditory Intervention on Physical Performance and Perceived Effort](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062513/55624707d8b42a74188b5abe/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Previous research
Music
Video
Motivational quality
Music preference
![Page 21: Interactive Effects of Visual and Auditory Intervention on Physical Performance and Perceived Effort](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062513/55624707d8b42a74188b5abe/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Motivational qualityErgogenic effect
No difference
Barwood et al., 2009
Elliott and Carr, 2004
VS
![Page 22: Interactive Effects of Visual and Auditory Intervention on Physical Performance and Perceived Effort](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062513/55624707d8b42a74188b5abe/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Previous research
Music
Video
Motivational quality
Music preference
![Page 23: Interactive Effects of Visual and Auditory Intervention on Physical Performance and Perceived Effort](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062513/55624707d8b42a74188b5abe/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Music preference
Pain
Good and Chin, 1998
![Page 24: Interactive Effects of Visual and Auditory Intervention on Physical Performance and Perceived Effort](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062513/55624707d8b42a74188b5abe/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Music preference
Pain
Good and Chin, 1998
![Page 25: Interactive Effects of Visual and Auditory Intervention on Physical Performance and Perceived Effort](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062513/55624707d8b42a74188b5abe/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
AimsAims 1
![Page 26: Interactive Effects of Visual and Auditory Intervention on Physical Performance and Perceived Effort](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062513/55624707d8b42a74188b5abe/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Music vs. Video on Physical performance, HR, perceived exertion.
![Page 27: Interactive Effects of Visual and Auditory Intervention on Physical Performance and Perceived Effort](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062513/55624707d8b42a74188b5abe/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
AimsAims 2
![Page 28: Interactive Effects of Visual and Auditory Intervention on Physical Performance and Perceived Effort](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062513/55624707d8b42a74188b5abe/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Music Preference vs. Motivational qualityon physical performance.
![Page 29: Interactive Effects of Visual and Auditory Intervention on Physical Performance and Perceived Effort](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062513/55624707d8b42a74188b5abe/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Experiment 1
![Page 30: Interactive Effects of Visual and Auditory Intervention on Physical Performance and Perceived Effort](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062513/55624707d8b42a74188b5abe/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Participants
20 students
No
High-blood pressure
Asthma
Congenital heart
diseases
![Page 31: Interactive Effects of Visual and Auditory Intervention on Physical Performance and Perceived Effort](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062513/55624707d8b42a74188b5abe/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Task
Stationary bike 12 minutes
“Biking as hard as possible.”
![Page 32: Interactive Effects of Visual and Auditory Intervention on Physical Performance and Perceived Effort](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062513/55624707d8b42a74188b5abe/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
![Page 33: Interactive Effects of Visual and Auditory Intervention on Physical Performance and Perceived Effort](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062513/55624707d8b42a74188b5abe/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
KKBOX
Chinese
Top 30
![Page 34: Interactive Effects of Visual and Auditory Intervention on Physical Performance and Perceived Effort](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062513/55624707d8b42a74188b5abe/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
![Page 35: Interactive Effects of Visual and Auditory Intervention on Physical Performance and Perceived Effort](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062513/55624707d8b42a74188b5abe/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
![Page 36: Interactive Effects of Visual and Auditory Intervention on Physical Performance and Perceived Effort](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062513/55624707d8b42a74188b5abe/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Results
Table 1.Heart rate, physical performance and RPE of the four groups in Experiment 1. Mean (±SD).
![Page 37: Interactive Effects of Visual and Auditory Intervention on Physical Performance and Perceived Effort](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062513/55624707d8b42a74188b5abe/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Results
Heart rate
F (2.205, 19) = 2.805
p > 0.05
No significant difference
![Page 38: Interactive Effects of Visual and Auditory Intervention on Physical Performance and Perceived Effort](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062513/55624707d8b42a74188b5abe/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
Results
Heart rate
F (1.217, 19) = 4.399
p < 0.05
Significant difference
Distance
![Page 39: Interactive Effects of Visual and Auditory Intervention on Physical Performance and Perceived Effort](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062513/55624707d8b42a74188b5abe/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
Results
Heart rate
Post hoc analysis
P < 0.05Distance
Music + Video Control>
![Page 40: Interactive Effects of Visual and Auditory Intervention on Physical Performance and Perceived Effort](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062513/55624707d8b42a74188b5abe/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
Results
Heart rate
F (2.208, 19) = 4.937
p < 0.05
Significant difference
DistanceRPE
![Page 41: Interactive Effects of Visual and Auditory Intervention on Physical Performance and Perceived Effort](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062513/55624707d8b42a74188b5abe/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
Results
Heart rate
Post hoc analysis
P < 0.05DistanceRPE
MusicVideo>
![Page 42: Interactive Effects of Visual and Auditory Intervention on Physical Performance and Perceived Effort](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062513/55624707d8b42a74188b5abe/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
Discussion
![Page 43: Interactive Effects of Visual and Auditory Intervention on Physical Performance and Perceived Effort](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062513/55624707d8b42a74188b5abe/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
Discussion
Heart ratePrevious research≠
![Page 44: Interactive Effects of Visual and Auditory Intervention on Physical Performance and Perceived Effort](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062513/55624707d8b42a74188b5abe/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
Discussion
Heart ratePrevious research≠
Different types of sensory
stimulation affects HR.Thornby et al., 1995; Szabo et al., 1999
![Page 45: Interactive Effects of Visual and Auditory Intervention on Physical Performance and Perceived Effort](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062513/55624707d8b42a74188b5abe/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
Discussion
Heart rate
6 – 12 weeks of training
16 weeks of training in future studies.
vs.
Only 2 weeks, this study
![Page 46: Interactive Effects of Visual and Auditory Intervention on Physical Performance and Perceived Effort](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062513/55624707d8b42a74188b5abe/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
Discussion
Heart rate
6 – 12 weeks of training
16 weeks of training in future studies.
vs.
Only 2 week, this study
![Page 47: Interactive Effects of Visual and Auditory Intervention on Physical Performance and Perceived Effort](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062513/55624707d8b42a74188b5abe/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
Discussion
Heart ratePrevious research=
Distance
![Page 48: Interactive Effects of Visual and Auditory Intervention on Physical Performance and Perceived Effort](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062513/55624707d8b42a74188b5abe/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
Discussion
Heart ratePrevious research=
Auditory stimulation increase
exercise distance and speed.Beckett, 1990; Simpson and Karageorghis, 2006
Distance
![Page 49: Interactive Effects of Visual and Auditory Intervention on Physical Performance and Perceived Effort](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062513/55624707d8b42a74188b5abe/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
Discussion
Heart rate
Endorphins,
Dopamine,
Serotonin, others.DistanceMusic
Sutoo and Akiyama, 2004;
Wolkowitz et al., 1993
![Page 50: Interactive Effects of Visual and Auditory Intervention on Physical Performance and Perceived Effort](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062513/55624707d8b42a74188b5abe/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
Discussion
Heart rate
Endorphins,
Dopamine,
Serotonin, others.DistanceMusic
Pain
Pleasant feeling
Sutoo and Akiyama, 2004;
Wolkowitz et al., 1993
![Page 51: Interactive Effects of Visual and Auditory Intervention on Physical Performance and Perceived Effort](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062513/55624707d8b42a74188b5abe/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
Discussion
Heart rateDistanceMusicimprove
DistanceMusic + Video
MusicVideo>
![Page 52: Interactive Effects of Visual and Auditory Intervention on Physical Performance and Perceived Effort](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062513/55624707d8b42a74188b5abe/html5/thumbnails/52.jpg)
Discussion
Heart ratePrevious research=
DistanceRPE
![Page 53: Interactive Effects of Visual and Auditory Intervention on Physical Performance and Perceived Effort](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062513/55624707d8b42a74188b5abe/html5/thumbnails/53.jpg)
Discussion
Heart ratePrevious research=
DistanceRPE
Music can significantly
reduce the degree of RPE.Matestic and Cromartie, 2002; Potteiger et al., 2000
![Page 54: Interactive Effects of Visual and Auditory Intervention on Physical Performance and Perceived Effort](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062513/55624707d8b42a74188b5abe/html5/thumbnails/54.jpg)
But !
![Page 55: Interactive Effects of Visual and Auditory Intervention on Physical Performance and Perceived Effort](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062513/55624707d8b42a74188b5abe/html5/thumbnails/55.jpg)
Which type of music ?
![Page 56: Interactive Effects of Visual and Auditory Intervention on Physical Performance and Perceived Effort](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062513/55624707d8b42a74188b5abe/html5/thumbnails/56.jpg)
P!nkGet The Party Started
![Page 57: Interactive Effects of Visual and Auditory Intervention on Physical Performance and Perceived Effort](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062513/55624707d8b42a74188b5abe/html5/thumbnails/57.jpg)
Jacques OffenbachOrphée aux Enfers
![Page 58: Interactive Effects of Visual and Auditory Intervention on Physical Performance and Perceived Effort](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062513/55624707d8b42a74188b5abe/html5/thumbnails/58.jpg)
Experiment 2
![Page 59: Interactive Effects of Visual and Auditory Intervention on Physical Performance and Perceived Effort](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062513/55624707d8b42a74188b5abe/html5/thumbnails/59.jpg)
Participants
20 students
No
High-blood pressure
Asthma
Congenital heart
diseases
.
75 students
.........
...
![Page 60: Interactive Effects of Visual and Auditory Intervention on Physical Performance and Perceived Effort](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062513/55624707d8b42a74188b5abe/html5/thumbnails/60.jpg)
Task
Stationary bike 12 minutes
“Runing as hard as possible.”
Running
![Page 61: Interactive Effects of Visual and Auditory Intervention on Physical Performance and Perceived Effort](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062513/55624707d8b42a74188b5abe/html5/thumbnails/61.jpg)
Music samplesKKBOX
Top ranking
![Page 62: Interactive Effects of Visual and Auditory Intervention on Physical Performance and Perceived Effort](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062513/55624707d8b42a74188b5abe/html5/thumbnails/62.jpg)
Music samplesKKBOX
Top ranking
![Page 63: Interactive Effects of Visual and Auditory Intervention on Physical Performance and Perceived Effort](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062513/55624707d8b42a74188b5abe/html5/thumbnails/63.jpg)
Songs classification
Motivational quality The BMRIThe Brunel Music Rating Inventory
Music preference PreferencequestionnaireFive-point Likert scale
![Page 64: Interactive Effects of Visual and Auditory Intervention on Physical Performance and Perceived Effort](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062513/55624707d8b42a74188b5abe/html5/thumbnails/64.jpg)
Songs classification
Motivational quality The BMRIThe Brunel Music Rating Inventory
Music preference Preferencequestionnaire
Five-point Likert scale
![Page 65: Interactive Effects of Visual and Auditory Intervention on Physical Performance and Perceived Effort](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062513/55624707d8b42a74188b5abe/html5/thumbnails/65.jpg)
Figure 1. A four-quadrant of the BMRI and music preference score.
five. The control group
![Page 66: Interactive Effects of Visual and Auditory Intervention on Physical Performance and Perceived Effort](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062513/55624707d8b42a74188b5abe/html5/thumbnails/66.jpg)
Statistical analysis
Distance
SPSS 13.0
Dependent-sample t test
2 x 2 ANCOVA
α = 0.05
![Page 67: Interactive Effects of Visual and Auditory Intervention on Physical Performance and Perceived Effort](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062513/55624707d8b42a74188b5abe/html5/thumbnails/67.jpg)
![Page 68: Interactive Effects of Visual and Auditory Intervention on Physical Performance and Perceived Effort](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062513/55624707d8b42a74188b5abe/html5/thumbnails/68.jpg)
Results
Table 2.Covariance analysis results for the effect of different
levels on Motivational quality and
Preference on running performance (n=75).
![Page 69: Interactive Effects of Visual and Auditory Intervention on Physical Performance and Perceived Effort](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062513/55624707d8b42a74188b5abe/html5/thumbnails/69.jpg)
Results
Heart rate
High preference vs. Low
F = 4.440
p < 0.05
Significant difference
Preference
![Page 70: Interactive Effects of Visual and Auditory Intervention on Physical Performance and Perceived Effort](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062513/55624707d8b42a74188b5abe/html5/thumbnails/70.jpg)
Discussion
![Page 71: Interactive Effects of Visual and Auditory Intervention on Physical Performance and Perceived Effort](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062513/55624707d8b42a74188b5abe/html5/thumbnails/71.jpg)
Discussion
Heart rate
Increase performance
Decrease pain, RPE…DistanceMusic
Motivation
Does not necessarily
influence performance.Elliottet al., 2004;
Simpson and Karageorghis, 2006
![Page 72: Interactive Effects of Visual and Auditory Intervention on Physical Performance and Perceived Effort](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062513/55624707d8b42a74188b5abe/html5/thumbnails/72.jpg)
Discussion
Heart rate
Increase performance
Decrease pain, RPE…DistanceMusic
Motivation
Does not necessarily
influence performance.Elliottet al., 2004;
Simpson and Karageorghis, 2006
![Page 73: Interactive Effects of Visual and Auditory Intervention on Physical Performance and Perceived Effort](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062513/55624707d8b42a74188b5abe/html5/thumbnails/73.jpg)
Discussion
Heart rate
Individual’s selection?DistanceMusicPreference
![Page 74: Interactive Effects of Visual and Auditory Intervention on Physical Performance and Perceived Effort](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062513/55624707d8b42a74188b5abe/html5/thumbnails/74.jpg)
Discussion
Heart rate
affect
DistanceMusicMusic therapy
Peripheral system
Hypothalamus
modulateNeuroendocrine system
Nervous systemGuyton and Hail, 1996
Guyton and Hail, 1996
![Page 75: Interactive Effects of Visual and Auditory Intervention on Physical Performance and Perceived Effort](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062513/55624707d8b42a74188b5abe/html5/thumbnails/75.jpg)
Discussion
Heart rate
affectDistanceMusicMusic therapy
Peripheral system
Hypothalamus
modulateNeuroendocrine system
Nervous systemGuyton and Hail, 1996
Guyton and Hail, 1996
![Page 76: Interactive Effects of Visual and Auditory Intervention on Physical Performance and Perceived Effort](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062513/55624707d8b42a74188b5abe/html5/thumbnails/76.jpg)
Discussion
Heart rateDistanceMusicMusic therapy
Anxiety
Blood pressure
HR Watkins, 1997
![Page 77: Interactive Effects of Visual and Auditory Intervention on Physical Performance and Perceived Effort](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062513/55624707d8b42a74188b5abe/html5/thumbnails/77.jpg)
Discussion
Heart rateDistanceMusicPreference
“A type of music may have therapeutic
effect on one person but not on another.”Good and Chin, 1998
![Page 78: Interactive Effects of Visual and Auditory Intervention on Physical Performance and Perceived Effort](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062513/55624707d8b42a74188b5abe/html5/thumbnails/78.jpg)
Discussion
Heart rateDistanceMusicPreference
Motivation
Indispensable factor
Not the only
important factor
![Page 79: Interactive Effects of Visual and Auditory Intervention on Physical Performance and Perceived Effort](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062513/55624707d8b42a74188b5abe/html5/thumbnails/79.jpg)
Conclusion
![Page 80: Interactive Effects of Visual and Auditory Intervention on Physical Performance and Perceived Effort](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062513/55624707d8b42a74188b5abe/html5/thumbnails/80.jpg)
Conclusion
Heart rateDistanceMusicPreference
Motivation
Music can enhance physical
performance more strongly
than video.Music
Preference
Music preference can also
influence the performance of
aerobic exercise participants.
![Page 81: Interactive Effects of Visual and Auditory Intervention on Physical Performance and Perceived Effort](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062513/55624707d8b42a74188b5abe/html5/thumbnails/81.jpg)
Thumbs Up by Nick Holroyd from The Noun Project
Eye by Ayesha Rana from The Noun Project
Listen by Rémy Médard from The Noun Project
Bicycle by Diego Naive from The Noun Project
Stopwatch by Samuel Q. Green from The Noun Project
Music by Andreas Bjurenborg from The Noun Project
Television by Andy Fuchs from The Noun Project
Cross by Herbert Spencer from The Noun Project
![Page 82: Interactive Effects of Visual and Auditory Intervention on Physical Performance and Perceived Effort](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062513/55624707d8b42a74188b5abe/html5/thumbnails/82.jpg)
Blood Pressure by Ricardo Moreira from The Noun Project
Ruler by Alexis Gaillard from The Noun Project
Tired by Aha-Soft from The Noun Project
Running by Desbenoit from The Noun Project
Metronome by Simon Child from The Noun Project
Health Care by Jerry Wang from The Noun Project