interactive cargo project kick-off...12 iata interactive cargo webinar 24 september 2020 the goal is...
TRANSCRIPT
Interactive Cargo
24 September 2020
IATA Digital Cargo Webinars
Your host today
Sonia Ben HamidaProject Manager Interactive Cargo
IATA
Competition law guidelines
Do not discuss:
• Any element of prices, including fares or service charges
• Commissions
• Allocations of customers or markets
• Marketing plans, commercial terms or any other strategic decision
• Group boycotts
• Your relations with agents, airlines, solution providers, or other third parties
• Any other issue aimed at influencing the independent business decisions of competitors
How to participate during the webinar?
• You can only hear the presenters
• Your microphones are disabled
• Use the questions box to interact
• Simply enter your questions in the chat box on the right
The entire recording along with questions will be available shortly after this webinar finishes.
Simply click on the link in the invite for the live event to access it.
The presentations shown today will be available for download at:
iata.org/en/events/e-cargo
This webinar is recorded for future use
Episode 4: Interactive Cargo
Part 1
Part 2
Part 3
Part 4
Part 5
The IATA Interactive Cargo project: Making cargo talk!Sonia Ben Hamida, IATA
How the use of connected devices will revolutionize the air cargo journey? Paul Rodwell, OnAsset Intelligence Inc
Ontologies for the IoT: an overview and lessons learned from success storiesMaría Poveda Villalón, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid
Importance of a common data model for the IoT in LogisticsLiam Forde, Ericsson
Allowing Portable Electronic Devices (PEDs) operation in an aircraftMayte Iniguez Yarza, European Aviation Safety Agency
Part 6What progress has been made in the certification of PEDs onboard aircraft?Thiemo Stadtler, Airbus
Part 1
The IATA Interactive Cargo project: Making cargo talk!
2020 Digital Cargo Webinars
Sonia Ben HamidaProject Manager Interactive Cargo,
IATA
The Time to Prepare for COVID-19 Vaccine Transport is Now
iata.org/en/pressroom/pr/2020-09-09-01
24 September 2020
Air cargo is an essential
component of cross-border e-commerce
iata.org/en/programs/cargo/cargo-operations/e-commerce-logistics
Our vision
To equip airlines and the air cargo supply chain with responsive air cargo services based on intelligent systems able to:
• self-monitor;
• send real-time alerts;
• respond to deviation to meet customers’ expectations;
• and report on the cargo journey to allow data-driven improvements.
11
Making cargo talk
IATA Interactive Cargo Webinar
Locate
Track
Notify / Alert
Monitor
Respond
Objectives and key deliverables
24 September 2020IATA Interactive Cargo Webinar12
The goal is to provide stakeholders in the air cargo supply chain with a set of standards and guidance documents to enable and ease the use of connected devices for interaction with cargo.
Interactivity Characterization Device Certification
Data Use Agreement Pilots for Operational Validation
Vision of Interactive Cargo data capture and sharing
Data elements required for Interactive Cargo
Implementation of interactive cargo data capture and sharing
Vision of the use of connected devices in the air cargo industry
Standard certification process for connected devices
Adoption and use of connected devices
Legend
Policy Paper
Recommended Practice (RP)
Standard Operating Procedure (SOP)
Pilots
Development of pilot projects
Validated and updated SOPs
Data use charter? TBD
Data use agreement part of the condition of carriage? TBD
Data Use Agreement (DUA)
Interactivity CharacterizationHow to integrate Interactive Cargo requirements into ONE Record?
• Understand what interactions we want to achieve
• Define what we want to capture/measure
• Identify the data elements required
• Agree on a standard / common language
• Integrate the data elements into the ONE Record data model
• Identify and define business rules as appropriate
BusinessNeeds
DataElements Data
Model &Business Rules
• Understand the technical constraints
• Understand the regulatory framework (e.g. FAA, EASA)
• Understand the current certification process
• Identify the pain points
• Define the priorities
• Identify commonalities and harmonization potential
• Set standard for connected device certification process
As-isAnalysis
IndustryChallenges Industry
Standard
Device CertificationHow to set a standard certification process?
• Understand risks related to the use of Interactive Cargo Data
• Understand the data legal framework with regard to tracking devices
• Identify the mitigation risks
• Describe the use/disclosure and outlines parameters of specific purpose
• Agree on a Data Use Agreement, either under a charter or an amendment of the conditions of carriage
RisksMitigation
Actions Data UseAgreement
Date Use AgreementWhat are the rules around the use and disclosure of the data?
Pilots for Operational ValidationHow to verify the set of standards are fit for purpose?
• Stakeholders
• Scope (i.e. business process)
• Deliverables
• Timeline
• Project team
• Roles & responsibilities
• Organization structure
• Stage-gate process
• Project committee
• Key Performance Indicators
PilotDefinition
PilotOrganization Pilot
Governance
Project timeline: Key milestones
24 September 2020IATA Interactive Cargo Webinar17
MAY JUL OCTJUN AUG NOV DECSEP Q4Q2Q1 Q3
2020 2021
Interactive Cargo Task Force Kickoff
Interactivity Characterization
Device Certification
Data Use Agreement
Policy Papers
Recommended Practices
COVID19 Emergency Response PlanONE Record / Interactive Cargo Pilot Projects
Interactive CargoPilot Projects
DEC 2021
DEC 2020
DEC 2021
Data Use Agreement
Standard Operating Procedures
Task Force Participants
24 September 2020IATA Interactive Cargo Webinar18
The Task Force is composed of more than 50 participants representing the whole supply chain:
Shipper Freight Forwarder Ground Handler AirlineInternational or
National Organization
Aircraft Manufacturer Device Manufacturer ULD Manufacturer IT Service Provider
IATA WebsiteAdvocacyCampaign
News &
Articles
Istanbul, Turkey9 - 11 March 2021
Digital Cargo Conference
World CargoSymposium
Communication & Engagement
Raising industry awareness and adoption
How to get involved?
Contact us at:
Website:
iata.org/interactive-cargo
Part 2
How the use of connected devices will revolutionize the air cargo journey?
2020 Digital Cargo Webinars
Paul RodwellInternational Business Development
OnAsset Intelligence Inc
Cognitive LogisticsThe evolving capabilities of connected cargo, aircraft & infrastructure
IATA Interactive Cargo24 September 2020
IoT enables levels of granularity
Throughout production storage and transport in the supply chain
Industrial scale BLE already deployed for Tools | Stands | Components | Reusable Packaging | Trucks |Aircraft
The Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) is at the cutting edge of smart, connected technology.
Production Facilities Warehouse Trucks and Trailers Aircraft
In globally deployed assets
Unilode accelerates the digital transformation for ULD management with a digital solution based on aviation compliant BLE 5 tags fully embedded into the structure of the ULD – all supported by a global cellular reader infrastructure - fixed and mobile
…and smart - real time piece level visibility in the supply
chain
• Life saving cell and gene therapies demand exacting quality standards which are substantially improved with visibility throughout the supply chain – countless “saves” attributed to real-time tracking and monitoring
• Vaccine temperature stability is essential for efficacy. Real time monitoring will contribute significantly to the integrity of global supply as it evolves
Worldwide mobile device ecosystems power robust visibility networksBluetooth is a ubiquitous cost-effective enabler - the connectivity that binds asset data in the network
A new global standard
Connected solutions deliver business value
Where is my consignment now – in real time, not the last reported event?
Is the condition compliant with temperature and other requirements?
On schedule or not?
Optimization of deployed assets
IoT enabling end-to-end clarity
Currently an exchange of data with high manual event based content
IOT delivers cohesive and seamless location and status data autonomously
Our everyday use of phones to function
Delivering substantial amounts of information and not just to you . . .
Enabling countless transactions
Changing thoughts and perceptions and modifying actions and plans
So why not give assets and consignments the same tools to revolutionize the way they interact with their location?
Digitally enabling the supply chain
A Smart package booking its own transportation . . .
A Smartbox collection point for IoT devices to monitor stock levels and arrange collection and optimize delivery and restock . . .
An Intelligent asset talking to an AI platform to help plan a route and optimize the providers . . .
A ULD talking to an aircraft to inform its real-time loading, positioning and handling status before takeoff (and during flight) . . .
A shipment directing a drone to come collect it and drop it off at the destination (all the while informing you of location, condition and security status) . . .
It’s already happening
Machine and component visibility
Global consignment and piece level visibility
ULD and asset visibility
On-ground and Inflight visibility
AI enablement
Cognitive Logistics™
Compliance
The critical component of a visibility solution
Quality componentsQuality constructionQuality operations
No compromise
Facts and fiction
Huge growth in IoT devices and solutionsPoints to evaluate -
• Communications approvals• Quality construction standards• Battery compliance and performance• Aviation approval • Global connectivity• Interoperability for piece level• Cloud platform• API + SDK
InteroperabilityA cohesive network relies on connectivity
• Digital enablement• Bluetooth roaming network• Regulatory compliance• Security |Encryption | Authentication • Messaging protocols• Device performance
Part 3
Ontologies for the Internet of Things: an overview and lessons learned from success stories
2020 Digital Cargo Webinars
María Poveda VillalónAssistant Professor
Universidad Politécnica de Madrid
Ontologies for the IoT: an overview and lessons learnt
from success stories
@[email protected] On-line24 September 2020
María Poveda-Villalón
Ontology Engineering Group
ETSI Informáticos
Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Spain
Ontologies for the IoT: an overview and lessons learnt from success stories © María Poveda-Villalón
Licence
39
▪ © María Poveda Villalón - Ontology Engineering Group
▪ The materials for this session has been elaborated by María Poveda
Villalón reusing content generated by the following OEG colleagues:
o Raúl Garcia Castro
Ontologies for the IoT: an overview and lessons learnt from success stories © María Poveda-Villalón 40
Directors: Asunción Gómez-Pérez, Oscar Corcho
Position: 3º ranking UPM (200 groups)
Research group (30 people)
o 3 Full Professors
o 5 Associate Professors
o 3 Assistant Professors
o 7 Senior Postdocs
o 6 PhD Students
o 2 MSc and BSc Students
o 2 software engineers
o 1 system administrator
o 2 project managers
170+ Collaborations
50+ Visitors
http://www.oeg-upm.net/ https://github.com/oeg-upm @oeg-upm
Since 1995
Ontologies for the IoT: an overview and lessons learnt from success stories © María Poveda-Villalón 41
Education
• Journal papers• Conference papers• Book chapters• Workshop & demo papers• Journal editor• WS proc. editor
Publications
Software
• Workshops• Tutorials, VoCamp• Open Data Day• PC member Conf & WS
Organization
• W3C participation• OWL, RDF, JENA, JAVA• OpenRefine• Public speaking
Skills
• MOOCs, SPOCs,• Ad-hoc courses
Training
María Poveda-Villalón, PhDOntological Engineering
@MariaPovedaV
mariapoveda
thepetiteontologist
MariaPovedaVillalon
• IoT: SAREF, VICINITY• Web Of Things• Video games• Scientific reviews• Dataset profiling: agri• Meteorology• Patient safety
Ontologies
• European• Spanish
Projects
Ontology Development Ontology Evaluation
PublicationLinked Open DataSemantic Web
Ontology Conceptualization
Computer Science (Eng)
PhD Artificial Intelligence
MsC Artificial Intelligence
2009
2010
2016H-index 19
12
7
7
10
1434 citations
8
25
1
5
42
4
8
2
RDF(S)/OWL RDF
Ontologies for the IoT: an overview and lessons learnt from success stories © María Poveda-Villalón
Ontologies and Semantic Web
42
Vocabularies define the concepts and relationships used to describe and
represent an area of concern.
Definition taken from: http://www.w3.org/standards/semanticweb/ontology
▪ Ontologies offer many benefits
o Semantics
o Interoperability
• Languages
• Granularity
• Formats
• Schemas
o Disambiguation
o Reasoning
o REUSE
Ontologies for the IoT: an overview and lessons learnt from success stories © María Poveda-Villalón
Where to find ontologies
43
https://lov.linkeddata.es
▪ Linked Open
Vocabularies
▪ Mission: promote and
facilitate the reuse of
well documented
vocabularies in the
Linked Data ecosystem
▪ Vocabularies registry and
index
▪ Datalift
o http://datalift.org/
▪ Started at 2011
▪ Hosted by OEG
39 IoT ontologies
only in LOV, there
are other registries
Ontologies for the IoT: an overview and lessons learnt from success stories © María Poveda-Villalón
Semantic Sensor Network Ontology (SSN)
44
Images taken from https://www.w3.org/TR/vocab-ssn/
Semantic Sensor Network Ontology – W3C Standard Ontology https://www.w3.org/TR/vocab-ssn/
❑ 1st version 2011
• 10 modules (1 file)
• Based on Stimulus-Sensor-Observation pattern
❑ 2nd version 2017
• + Actuator
• - Device
• Modularization
Ontologies for the IoT: an overview and lessons learnt from success stories © María Poveda-Villalón
SAREF (Smart Applications REFerence) ontology evolution
45
2013: SMART 2013/0077 Standardization InitiativeEuropean Commission & ETSI EC SmartM2M• Agreed semantics for smart appliances• Build a reference ontology
2015: 1st version2017: • SAREF4ENER• SAREF4ENVI• SAREF4BLDG2019: 2nd version • SAREF4CITY• SAREF4INMA• SAREF4AGRI2020: SAREF portal + 3rd version• SAREF4AUTO • SAREF4EHAW• SAREF4WEAR• SAREF4WATR
HTML documentation and code for ontologies
online (3rd party permanent URIs)
https://saref.etsi.org/
Image taken from https://saref.etsi.org/core/
Ontologies for the IoT: an overview and lessons learnt from success stories © María Poveda-Villalón
Using different extensions
46
SAREF
oneM2M Base Ontology
W3C
OWL Time
Smart City
W3C
SSN/SOSA
W3C
OWL Time
W3C
WGS_84
W3C
Org
ISA
CPSV
Dublin
Core
OGC
Geo SPARQL
Ont.
measurements
Building
EnergyEnvironment
Industry &
Manufacturing
Agriculture
AutomotiveWearableseHealth &
Ageing wellWater
Temple St.
Mai
nSt
.
Bo
ld S
t.
Ontologies for the IoT: an overview and lessons learnt from success stories © María Poveda-Villalón
Standard ontologies also reuse other standard and well-known ontologies
47
GeoSPARQL
Geo wgs84
ISA2 Public
Service
FOAF
ORG
ontologyTime
ontology
SSN/SOSA
Dublin Core
Ontologies for the IoT: an overview and lessons learnt from success stories © María Poveda-Villalón
Context aware system for precision irrigation example
48
Images taken from https://doi.org/10.3390/app10051803 thanks to Duy Nguyen
Nguyen, Quang-Duy, et al. "Development
Experience of a Context-Aware System for
Smart Irrigation Using CASO and IRRIG
Ontologies." Applied Sciences 10.5 (2020)
https://doi.org/10.3390/app10051803
Requirement SOSA/SSN SAREF
R1 Deployment ssn:Deployment
R1.1 Deployment time
R1.2 Deployment location (*)
R2 Platform sosa:Platform
R3 Network configuration
R3.1 Network topology
R3.2 Network communication
R3.3 Node status saref:State
R3.4 Node role saref:Task
R3.5 Node location (*)
R4 Device ssn:System saref:Device
R4.1 Sensor sosa:Sensor saref:Sensor
R4.2 Actuator sosa:Actuator saref:Actuator
R4.3 System componency ssn:hasSubSystem saref:consistsOf
R4.4 Domain specific devices
R5 Measurement sosa:Observation (*) saref:Measurement
saref:UnitOfMeasure (*)
R5.1 Domain specific units of measurement
R6 Property ssn:Property saref:Property
R6.1 Domain specific properties
R7 Feature of interest sosa:FeatureOfInterest
R7.1 Feature of interest depth (*)
R8 Action sosa:Procedure saref:Function
saref:Command
R8.1 Domain specific actions
R9 Crop
Ontologies for the IoT: an overview and lessons learnt from success stories © María Poveda-Villalón
VICINITY → Reuse & Seed for other ontologies
49
Extending the properties for the particular
sensors and actuators
Ontologies for the IoT: an overview and lessons learnt from success stories © María Poveda-Villalón
VICINITY → Reuse & Seed for other ontologies
50
Ontologies for the IoT: an overview and lessons learnt from success stories © María Poveda-Villalón
Take away messages
51
▪ Modularization
▪ Reuse
o Ontology Language
• OWL (based on RDF data model use in the Semantic Web
and Linked Data)
o Methodologies
• LOT (Industrial Methodology for ontologies)
http://lot.linkeddata.es used in SAREF extensions, VICINITY,
BIMERR, CASO&IRRIG, etc.
o Technology
• Software available for OWL and RDF
• Protégé + LOT technology suite
o Other ontologies
• Linked Open Vocabularies: https://lov.linkeddata.es
▪ Share!
o Best Practices for Implementing FAIR Vocabularies and
Ontologies on the Web https://arxiv.org/abs/2003.13084
Ontologies for the IoT: an overview and lessons learnt from success stories © María Poveda-Villalón
Questions?
52
@MariaPovedaV
mpovedavillalon
mariapoveda MariaPovedaVillalon
Thanks for your attention!
Ontologies for the IoT: an overview and lessons learnt from success stories © María Poveda-Villalón
Some useful links
53
▪ LOT (Industrial Methodology for ontologies)
o URL: http://lot.linkeddata.es
▪ OnToology
o URL: http://ontoology.linkeddata.es
o GitHub: https://github.com/OnToology/OnToology/
▪ vocab.linkeddata.es
• URL: http://vocab.linkeddata.es/
• GitHub: https://github.com/mariapoveda/vocab.linkeddata.es/
▪ vocabLite
o GitHub: https://github.com/dgarijo/vocabLite
▪ Widoco
o Github: https://github.com/dgarijo/Widoco/
▪ OOPS!
o Web application: http://oops.linkeddata.es/
o Web service: http://oops-ws.oeg-upm.net/
Zivkovic, Carna, Yajuan Guan, and Christoph Grimm. "IoT Platforms, Use Cases,
Privacy, and Business Models.” http://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-45316-9
Part 4
Importance of a common data model for the Internet of Things in Logistics
2020 Digital Cargo Webinars
Liam FordeSolution Architect
Ericsson
Importance of a common data model for IoT in Logistics
IATA Interactive Cargo Webinar Liam Forde Ericsson 2020-09-16
About me
Liam Forde
Solution Architect at Ericsson ONE
Gartner Says 5.8 Billion Enterprise and Automotive IoT Endpoints Will Be in Use in 2020(increase of 21% from 2019)
There Will be 41 Billion IoT Devices by 2027businessinsider
IoT Value in Logistics
Track & Trace
Condition Monitoring
Automated Handling Events
Connecting Things - Integration between IoT and the Logistic world
SHIPPER FORWARDER CARRIER TERMINAL FACTORY, RETAIL,
CONSUMER
TRANSPORTERAUTHORITY
IoT Value - Condition Monitoring & Automation”Container X has arrived at Recieving location Y at 14:35 CET. My digital twin address is http://logisticsco.com/containerX”
”This is Container X, I’m reporting a temperature of 32 degress celius which is outside the transport agreements policy. This occured at Recieving location Y at 14:52 CET. Shipper, Reciever and you have been notified”.
”Thankyou Container X please park in bay 1. Unloader A is ready to start your unloading. ”
”Thats concerning Container X. I’ve created a report and requested a maintenance team to urgently attend. Please park in bay 9 and await further instructions.
IoT Architecture
Things
Connectivity
Device and Connectivity Management
Contextual Layer
IoL
Enterprise Applications
Things
●Containers, ULDs, Packages, Pallets – Billions
●Device Manufacturers – Hundreds / Thousands
●Devices types - Thousands
●Standardization efforts e.g LwM2M, OneDM, OneM2M etc - Many
●Other challenges – Battery, Cost, Trust and quality of sensors
IoT Architecture
Things
Connectivity
Device and Connectivity Management
Contextual Layer
IoL
Enterprise Applications
Connectivity
●GSM, LTE, CAT-M, NB-IoT, 5G
●Roaming
●Coverage
Device and Connectivity Management
●Managing lifecycle of Billions of connections and devices
●Security
●Transformation
IoT Architecture
Things
Connectivity
Device and Connectivity Management
Contextual Layer
IoL
Enterprise Applications Contextual
●Filter out the noise and provide meaning to the data.
●Share the information with interested parties.
●Business rules driven.
IoT Data Model Initiatives
IPSO OMA
OMA Specworks
LwM2M
• SenML
Zigbee Aliance
SDFOneDM
OneM2M
WoTSSN
OCF
Less Semantic More Semantic
Alljoyn
IoTivity
Zigbee
OneM2M
IoT in Logistics - Why Now?
— Cost of devices reducing
— Performance of device improving
— Connectivity improving, especially with 5G
— Cellular positioning improving
— AI and Machine Learning rapidly developing
— Ecosystem of IOT Innovators
Part 5
Allowing Portable Electronic Devices (PEDs) operation in an aircraft: the regulatory framework
2020 Digital Cargo Webinars
Mayte Iniguez YarzaElectrical Systems Senior ExpertEuropean Aviation Safety Agency
Allowing PED operation – regulatory framework
Mayte Iniguez YarzaEASA Electrical Systems Expert
TE.GEN.00409-001
What is a Portable Electronic Device (PED) and how has its use evolved?
Any kind of electronic device brought on board the aircraft such as a tablet, a laptop, a smartphone, or IoT devices.
68
In the past, restrictions in the use of PEDs on board aircraft.
In 2013, use of PEDs for almost the whole flight duration, in ‘aeroplane
mode’.
From 2014, use of PEDs throughout the flight,
regardless of whether the device is transmitting or not.
What is the EU regulatory framework?
As per Regulation (EU) 965/2012 on air operations (requirement CAT.GEN.MPA.140), it is the operator’s responsibility to authorize the use of PED on board an aircraft, after having ensured that it has no impact on the safe operations of the aircraft.
69
AMC and Guidance material in Part-CAT (Decision 2014/029/R)
AMC1 CAT.GEN.MPA.140 Technical prerequisites
GM1 CAT.GEN.MPA.140 Definitions
GM2 CAT.GEN.MPA.140 Various issues
GM3 CAT.GEN.MPA.140 Cargo tracking devices
AMC2 CAT.GEN.MPA.140 Procedures for use
What are the risks?
RF energy radiated by PEDs may potentially be a source of interference:
• if it induces unwanted responses by direct coupling into an aircraft electronic equipment (back door coupling) – PEDs intended emissions –malfunction of aircraft electronic systems creating failures with Major, HAZ or even CAT severities.
• if it falls in the frequency range of the communication and navigation systems (front door coupling) – PEDs spurious emissions -Possible disturbance of communication and navigation systems, which may be CAT in critical phases of flight (low visibility approach operation)
EASA 2017 STC Workshop 70
Certification vs operational aspects
71
The Supplemental Type Certificates(STCs) and Type Certificates (TCs) canestablish PED tolerant aircraft as partof the TC or STC that would supportoperator tolerance.
An aircraft can be certified PEDtolerant using the guidelinescontained in CM ES-003 to:
•all types of PEDs (including all transmissiontechnologies in any location of the aircraft),
•or only specific to certain wirelesstechnologies, PEDs locations, operation incertain phases of flight.
The PED tolerance certification can beused by the operators to cover theEMI demonstration required in theoperation rules.
The operator may need to restrictPED operation if the aircraft PEDtolerance is not total.
There may be other reasons forairliners restricting the use of PEDs asa result of operational/localregulatory requirements.
CER
TIFI
CA
TIO
NO
PER
ATIO
NS
Zoom on cargo tracking devices
• A cargo tracking device (CTD) is any kind of PED attached to or included in airfreight.
• EASA does neither certify nor approve cargo tracking devices. There are no requirement to obtain a certificate from EASA to operate these devices.
• EASA has stopped issuing Non/Technical Objection Letters for Cargo tracking devices in 2019. AMC1 CAT.GEN.MPA.140 include alternative ways to demonstrate EMI compatibility for CTD.
➢ Operators remain responsible to authorize the use of CTD on board their aircraft.
Practical information for CTDs is published in the EASA website: https://www.easa.europa.eu/the-agency/faqs/cargo-tracking-devices
72
Acceptable Means of Compliance
73
The Acceptable Means of Compliance to demonstrate safe operation of the PEDs in an aircraft from EMC perspective are identical in the Operational rules and in the Certification requirements:
Note: as per operational rules, front-door coupling assessment is only needed if PED operation is intended in low-visibility approach
Back Door Coupling
EUROCAE ED-239 /RTCA DO-307A Section 3 or,
EUROCAE ED-130A / RTCA DO-363 Section 6.
Front Door Coupling
EUROCAE ED-239 / RTCA DO-307A Section 4 or,
EUROCAE ED-130A / RTCA DO-363 Section 5
EMI demonstration guidelines
74
A CPED (controlled PED) is any kind of PED subject to administrative control by the operator using it
IPL: Interference Path Loss - The amount of energy lost traveling from the PEDs inside the aircraft to the aircraft radio receiver is the Interference Path Loss
Back Door Coupling
• Aircraft is HIRF certified + assess CVR and FDR
• Perform aircraft EMI ground test as per ED-130A/ RTCA DO-363 section 6 for all systems with CAT, HAZ and Major FCs
• If low-powered emissions (EIRP < 100 mW) it is considered that the risk of backdoor interferences can be neglected.
Front Door Coupling
• IPL measurements as per ED-130A/ RTCA DO-363 section 5
• For CPEDs qualification to EUROCAE ED-14E/RTCA DO-160E (or later revisions), Section 21, Category H, for operation in areas not accessible during the flight
Lithium battery requirements
From AMC1 CAT.GEN.MPA.140:
Lithium-type batteries in C-PEDs and cargo tracking devices should meet:
(1) United Nations (UN) Transportation Regulations, ‘Recommendations on the transport of dangerous goods - manual of tests and criteria’, UN ST/SG/AC.10/11; and one of the following standards:
UL 1642; UL 2054; UL 60950-1; IEC 62133; RTCA DO-311; ETSO C142a
Capacity of the batteries in the PEDs that can be carried on board is limitedby the ICAO Doc. 9284, Technical Instructions for the Safe Transport of Dangerous Goods by Air (2g Lithium for Lithium metal, 100Wh for Lithium ion, up to 160Wh under operator approval)
EASA 2017 STC Workshop 75
Thank you.
Part 6
What progress has been made in the certification of Portable Electronic Devices onboard aircraft?
2020 Digital Cargo Webinars
Thiemo StadtlerLightning Protection and Electromagnetic Compatibility
Airbus
EMC of Portable Electronic Devices
(PED) on AircraftAn Overview with Special Attention to Cargo Tracking
Devices
Thiemo Stadtler, Robert Kebel
IATA Digital Cargo Conference
2020
Progress in usage of Portable Electronic Devices (PED) on Aircraft
SEP-2017 Progress in Usage of Portable Electronic Devices (PED) on Aircraft79
Sources / Copyright
PED Pictures from wikipedia, authors: „flyout“ „joho345“, „bin im Garten“,
„Seqqis“, „Evan-Amos“, „Donaldoleforo “, „JHeuser“, „1971markus“ and „Anders“
A350/A380 picture: AIRBUS S.A.S. 2016 - MASTERFILMS - HERVE GOUSSE
Helicopter picture: AIRBUS S.A.S. 2017 - FABRE LORETTE
Diamond DA20 picture from wikipedia, author: „Adxp“
Medical-PEDs (different rules)
General Aviation
(different rules)
Cargo Tracking Device,
(different rules optional)
Tracking devices
A tracking device may be used to track
• Location
• Temperature
• Integrity
of
• Baggage
• Packages
• ULDs
Tracking devices in this presentation are PEDs (Portable electronic devices)
• Not installed or fixed in/on the aircraft
• Not part of the certified aircraft configuration
• Not connected to aircraft power
The scope of this presentation is EMC (electromagnetic compatibility) of the tracking device with the aircraft.
Other aspects (like battery specifications) also have to considered by the operator of a flight transporting the device.
SEP-2017 Progress in Usage of Portable Electronic Devices (PED) on Aircraft80
Background: Coupling
SEP-2017 Progress in Usage of Portable Electronic Devices (PED) on Aircraft81
1. Direct Illumination
Back Door Coupling
of intentional transmissions
to aicraft electronics
2. Indirect Coupling
not an issue
because of PED
frequencies
3. Coupling to receivers
Front Door Coupling
of spurious emissions
to aircraft antennas
Background: HIRF
• High Intensity Radiated Fields
• Electromagnetic fields created by sources outside of the aircraft
− Radars
− Radio towers
• 10kHz – 40GHz
• Since the 1980s aircraft are systematically certified against the HIRF environment
− EASA/FAA HIRF regulations
− JAA HIRF special conditions (CRIs)
− FAA HIRF special conditions
• Generally aligned test levels to the criticality of the equipment
• Before 1980s:
− Critical systems are mechanical and therefore naturally immune to HIRF
− Later installed critical electronic systems on pre-1980s aircraft: HIRF environment is considered (Airbus)
• All large transport category aircraft flying today are safe in the HIRF environment
SEP-2017 Progress in Usage of Portable Electronic Devices (PED) on Aircraft82
History of the PED tolerance standards for aviation
SEP-201783
ED-118
EU Commission defines conditions
for the operation of mobile
communication services on aircraft
1996
DO-233
2003 2006
DO-307
ED-130
2008
DO-294
DEC 2016
DO-307A*
DO-363**
2004
ED-239*
ED-130A**
First Airbus with an onboard mobile
communication base station
First time identical
standards
RTCA and EUROCAE
Even earlier:
1963: DO-119 [1]
1988: DO-199
SC-234
WG-99
Joint Committee
SC-234/WG-99
2014-2016
Progress in Usage of Portable Electronic Devices (PED) on Aircraft
RTCA: Radio Technical Commission for Aeronautics (USA)
EUROCAE: European Organization for Civil Aviation Equipment (Europa)
Reference:
[1] Bruce Donham: „Interference from electronic device“, Aeromagazine, The Boeing Company, March 2000
History alternative / optional evaluation of cargo tracking devices
SEP-201784
ED-118
EU Commission defines conditions
for the operation of mobile
communication services on aircraft
1996
DO-233
2003 2006
DO-307
ED-130
2008
DO-294
DEC 2016
DO-307A*
DO-363**
2004
ED-239*
ED-130A**
First Airbus with an onboard mobile
communication base station
First time identical
standards
RTCA and EUROCAE
Even earlier:
1963: DO-119 [1]
1988: DO-199
SC-234
WG-99
Joint Committee
SC-234/WG-99
2014-2016
Progress in Usage of Portable Electronic Devices (PED) on Aircraft
RTCA: Radio Technical Commission for Aeronautics (USA)
EUROCAE: European Organization for Civil Aviation Equipment (Europa)
Reference:
[1] Bruce Donham: „Interference from electronic device“, Aeromagazine, The Boeing Company, March 2000
2013
FAA Aviation Rulemaking
Committee for PEDs
Appendix E
2013
EASA Part-CAT.GEN.MPA.140
Portable Electronic Devices
§ (d) 3.
2014
First time identical
standards
RTCA and EUROCAE
ED-130 A § 3.7
How to analyze if aircraft is PED tolerant (as per regulations)?
Front Door Aspect
• Check if aircraft has passed test as per
− ED-130A / DO-363 section 5
or
− ED-239 / DO-307A section 4
or
• Perform front door test or analysis as per
− ED-239 / DO-307A section 4
− Involve experienced external experts to reduce effort
SEP-2017 Progress in Usage of Portable Electronic Devices (PED) on Aircraft85
Back Door Aspect
• Check if the aircraft is certified against HIRF at TC as per
− EASA/FAA HIRF regulations
or
− JAA HIRF special conditions (CRIs)
Refer to TCDS or manufacturer documentation
or
• Perform backdoor test as per ED-130A / DO-363
Make sure to follow instructions for continued airworthiness to maintain PED tolerance of aircraft
- ED-239 / DO-307A section 5
Any aircraft: How to evaluate the tracking devices?
EUROCAE / RTCA standard method
For EMC of tracking devices on aircraft not demonstrated PED-tolerant:
ED-130A / DO-363 §3.7 provides an alternative way to assess tracking devices
• RF spurious emissions must be below DO-160D (or later revisions) S21 Cat M/H.
• RF intentional transmissions
− Must be below 100mW EIRP
or
− Must be switched off in flight by two independent means
• Additionally the RF intentional transmissions must be limited to short periods of time (less than 0.1%)
• The airline must receive and review specific documentation from the supplier of the tracking device.
• The tracking device manufacturer can prepare a “document package” for the operator to allow the tracking device on board.
See also advisory material of local authorities
SEP-2017 Progress in Usage of Portable Electronic Devices (PED) on Aircraft86
Any aircraft: How to evaluate the tracking devices?
EUROCAE / RTCA standard + EASA + FAA method
For EMC of tracking devices on aircraft not demonstrated PED-tolerant:
“Worst case” combination of ED-130A / DO-363 §3.7 + FAA AC 91.21-1D + AMC1 CAT.GEN.MPA.140
• RF spurious emissions must be below DO-160D (or later revisions) S21 Cat H.
• RF intentional transmissions
− Must be below 100mW EIRP
or
− Must be switched off in flight by two independent means
• Additionally the RF intentional transmissions must be limited to short periods of time (less than 0.1%)
• The airline must receive and review specific documentation from the supplier of the tracking device.
• The tracking device manufacturer can prepare a “document package” for the operator to allow the tracking device on board.
See also advisory material of local authorities
SEP-2017 Progress in Usage of Portable Electronic Devices (PED) on Aircraft87
Guidance material of today
• RTCA DO-363 (change 1) / EUROCAE ED-130A Ch1 "Guidance for the use of portable electronics
devices (PEDs) on board aircraft"
• RTCA DO-307A / EUROCAE ED-239, "Aircraft design and certification for portable electronic device
(PED) tolerance"
• FAA AC 91.21-1D, "Use of Portable Electronic Devices Aboard Aircraft"
• FAA AC 20-164A, "Designing and Demonstrating Aircraft Tolerance to Portable Electronic Devices"
• EASA CM-ES-003 i1, "Certification memorandum, Guidance to certify an aircraft PED tolerant"
• EASA Part-CAT AMC/GM - Issue 2 - Amendment 16 (Annex to Decision 2019-008-R), "AMC1
CAT.GEN.MPA.140 Portable electronic devices“
SEP-2017 Progress in Usage of Portable Electronic Devices (PED) on Aircraft88
Summary
From EMC point-of-view all tracking devices can be transported on PED tolerant aircraft
• Without further EMC analysis
• Airlines should evaluate their fleet for PED tolerance
If the fleet includes aircraft without PED tolerance demonstration
• Airlines should request information packages from the tracking device manufacturer
• Check tracking device data as per guidance material
Latest harmonized RTCA and EUROCAE standards (ED-130A/ED-239/DO-307A/DO-363) allow simple EMC demonstration
of PED tolerance and include cargo tracking devices:
• Guidance material for PED-tolerance is widely accepted by authorities
• Unfortunately the high amount of (outdated) material leads to misunderstandings
• Therefore: Do not create more standards, refer to the right ones!
Notes:
• Despite the wording “non-PED-tolerant”, “non-HIRF”, “partial-HIRF”: Part 25 aircraft are generally save in HIRF and PED
environment. “Non-PED-tolerant” means the PED tolerance demonstration has not (yet) been performed.
• Apart from the EMC, other aspects of tracking devices have to be evaluated: e.g. Battery specification
SEP-2017 Progress in Usage of Portable Electronic Devices (PED) on Aircraft89
Thank you
(C) AIRBUS S.A.S. 2017
Detail differences between old and new standard
SEP-2017 Progress in Usage of Portable Electronic Devices (PED) on Aircraft91
DO-307 (2008) DO-307A (2016)
DO-160 Radiated Susceptibility tests:
Cat R: 20/28V cw/sw, 150V pulse (0.1% duty cycle)
Cat T: 5V cw/sw
NEXT EPISODES
Episode 2
Episode 3
Episode 4
Episode 5
Episode 6
ONE Record17 September 14:00 – 15:30 (CEST)
Digital Connectivity22 September 14:00 – 15:30 (CEST)
Interactive Cargo24 September 14:00 – 15:30 (CEST)
Customs/Mail29 September 14:00 – 15:30 (CEST)
Hackathon1 October 14:00 – 15:30 (CEST)
Thank You
Contact us at:
Website:
iata.org/interactive-cargo