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Interactions between STIs and HIV: a review of published data by Bernard LIAUTAUD, Fmr Prof. of Dermatology and STIs, University of Haiti, Associate Prof. of IMEA Paris, Adjunct Associate Professor, University of Minneapolis Public School of Epidemiology, PH CHU de Fort de France, Martinique

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Page 1: Interactions between STIs and HIV: a review of published data by Bernard LIAUTAUD, Fmr Prof. of Dermatology and STIs, University of Haiti, Associate Prof

Interactions between STIs and HIV: a review of

published data

by Bernard LIAUTAUD, Fmr Prof. of Dermatology and STIs, University of Haiti, Associate Prof. of IMEA Paris, Adjunct Associate Professor, University of Minneapolis Public School of Epidemiology, PH CHU de Fort de France, Martinique

Page 2: Interactions between STIs and HIV: a review of published data by Bernard LIAUTAUD, Fmr Prof. of Dermatology and STIs, University of Haiti, Associate Prof
Page 3: Interactions between STIs and HIV: a review of published data by Bernard LIAUTAUD, Fmr Prof. of Dermatology and STIs, University of Haiti, Associate Prof

Rottingen J-A et al. Sex Transm Dis, 28, 579-97, 2001

Page 4: Interactions between STIs and HIV: a review of published data by Bernard LIAUTAUD, Fmr Prof. of Dermatology and STIs, University of Haiti, Associate Prof

I) Effets des IST sur l’épidémiologie du VIH

1- Quel effet sur la réceptivité au VIH: un sujet avec IST est-il plus réceptif au VIH?

2- Quel effet sur la transmission du VIH: un sujet séroposif et porteur d’une IST est-il un transmetteur plus efficace du VIH?

3- Quel effet sur la progression de la maladie:un sujet séroposif et porteur d’une IST évoluera-ilplus rapidement vers le Sida ou la mort?

Page 5: Interactions between STIs and HIV: a review of published data by Bernard LIAUTAUD, Fmr Prof. of Dermatology and STIs, University of Haiti, Associate Prof

I )Effets des IST sur l’épidémiologie du VIH

1- Quel effet sur la réceptivité au VIH: un sujet avec IST est-il plus réceptif au VIH?

2- Quel effet sur la tranmission du VIH: un sujet séroposif et porteur d’une IST est-il un transmetteur plus efficace du VIH?

3- Quel effet sur la progression de la maladie:un sujet séroposif et porteur d’une IST évoluera-ilplus rapidement vers le Sida ou la mort?

Page 6: Interactions between STIs and HIV: a review of published data by Bernard LIAUTAUD, Fmr Prof. of Dermatology and STIs, University of Haiti, Associate Prof

1a. Impact of STIs on Susceptibility to HIV(30 longitudinal studies)

Effect Estimate (95% CI)

All Female Male

GUD 2.7

(2.2-3.3)

2.8

(2.0-4.0)

4.4

(2.9-6.6)

NUD 1.7

(1.5-2.1)

1.6

(1.3-2.0)

2.6

(1.8-4.0)

STD 3.7

(2.7-5.0)

5.6

(3.2-9.7)

3.10

(2.1-4.5)

Rottingen J-A et al. Sex Transm Dis, 28, 579-97, 2001

Page 7: Interactions between STIs and HIV: a review of published data by Bernard LIAUTAUD, Fmr Prof. of Dermatology and STIs, University of Haiti, Associate Prof

1c. Impact of STIs on Susceptibility to HIV(30 longitudinal studies)

Effect Estimate (95% CI)

NUD All Female Male

Gonorrhea 2.1

(1.7-2.5)

2.6

(1.9-3.4)

3.9

(2.0-7.7)

Chlamydia 2.2

(1.4-3.3)

2.8

(1.8-4.4)

0.8

(0.3-2.0)

Trichomon. 1.5

(1.2-2.0)

1.5

(1.2-1.9)

Rottingen J-A et al. Sex Transm Dis, 28, 579-97, 2001

Page 8: Interactions between STIs and HIV: a review of published data by Bernard LIAUTAUD, Fmr Prof. of Dermatology and STIs, University of Haiti, Associate Prof

1d. Impact of STIs on Susceptibility to HIV(30 longitudinal studies)

Effect Estimate (95% CI)

Non-STI Female

Candidiasis 2.2

(1.6-2.8)

Bacterial Vaginosis

2.8

(1.1-2.0)

Rottingen J-A et al. Sex Transm Dis, 28, 579-97, 2001

Page 9: Interactions between STIs and HIV: a review of published data by Bernard LIAUTAUD, Fmr Prof. of Dermatology and STIs, University of Haiti, Associate Prof

HIV IN FEMALES WITH VAGINAL DISCHARGE (exclusively)

HIV IN FEMALES WITH VAGINAL DISCHARGE (exclusively)

(340 Vag disch | 536 Gen Popul)(340 Vag disch | 536 Gen Popul)VD-95 GHESKIO (1995-1996)

23

16

11

5.17

Etiology

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

HIV seropositivity (%)

Generalpopulation

STDinfection

Non STDinfection

No agent found

STD &Non STDinfection

Page 10: Interactions between STIs and HIV: a review of published data by Bernard LIAUTAUD, Fmr Prof. of Dermatology and STIs, University of Haiti, Associate Prof

1b. Impact of STIs on Susceptibility to HIV(30 longitudinal studies)

Effect Estimate (95% CI)

GUD All Female Male

Chancroid 2.1

(1.2-3.4)

2.3

(17.1)

2.1

(1.2-3.5)

Syphilis 2.5

(2.1-3.1)

2.1

(1.4-3.1)

2.5

(1.4-4.4)

Herpes 2.7

(1.5-4.8)

2.7

(1.5-4.8)

Rottingen J-A et al. Sex Transm Dis, 28, 579-97, 2001

Page 11: Interactions between STIs and HIV: a review of published data by Bernard LIAUTAUD, Fmr Prof. of Dermatology and STIs, University of Haiti, Associate Prof

Centre de Dépistage du VIH(GHESKIO)

Résultats: Force d'' Association VIH/Syphilis (N=7288)

Centres GHESKIO: 1er mai 94 au 31 oct 96, 30 mois)

OR= 2,16 (1,84<OR<2,53)p<0,0000005

Page 12: Interactions between STIs and HIV: a review of published data by Bernard LIAUTAUD, Fmr Prof. of Dermatology and STIs, University of Haiti, Associate Prof

Le Sida et les MST en Haiti

Les études épidémiologiques: Facteurs comportementaux associant MST & VIH

B LIAUTAUD et coll/Centres GHESKIO

antécédents de MST: OR=2.11 (1.55-2.86)antécédents d'écoulements génitaux: OR=1.84 (1.34-2.54)antécédents d'ulcérations génitales: OR= 2.83 (2.04-3.92)usages de drogues (non I-V): OR=2.20 (1.07-4.5)

Page 13: Interactions between STIs and HIV: a review of published data by Bernard LIAUTAUD, Fmr Prof. of Dermatology and STIs, University of Haiti, Associate Prof

Le Sida et les MST en Haiti

Les études épidémiologiques: Facteurs biologiques associant MST & VIH

B LIAUTAUD et coll/Centres GHESKIO

présence d'ulcérations génitales OR=2.56 (1.72-3.81)présence de chancre mou OR=1.54 (0.95-2.49)présence de syphilis (1.58-3.84)OR=2.43présence de condylomes OR=3.32 (1.74--6.31)

Page 14: Interactions between STIs and HIV: a review of published data by Bernard LIAUTAUD, Fmr Prof. of Dermatology and STIs, University of Haiti, Associate Prof

Wad. A et al. J Infect Dis, 2002, 185, 45-52)

Increasing role in HIV susceptibility attributed

to HSV-2 (a)

• 31 studies of HSV-2 seropositive have RR=2.1 of HIV infection when herpes precedes HIV

• Among HSV-2 sero + persons, 52% of ST HIV infection attributed to HSV

• Population attributable risk % varies with HSV seroprevalence: 19% for the ST-HIV infection in the general pop (HSV seroprev=22%) and 50% for ST HIV in CSWs (HSV seroprev=80%)

Page 15: Interactions between STIs and HIV: a review of published data by Bernard LIAUTAUD, Fmr Prof. of Dermatology and STIs, University of Haiti, Associate Prof

Ronald Gray, M.D. Reducing HIV transmission: Lessons Reducing HIV transmission: Lessons from Rakai and other

African from Rakai and other African studies. IAS, Rio de Janeiro, 2005

Page 16: Interactions between STIs and HIV: a review of published data by Bernard LIAUTAUD, Fmr Prof. of Dermatology and STIs, University of Haiti, Associate Prof

Vanmali et al. ICAAC, 2001/ Chen et al 2000/O'Farell, 1994

Increasing role in HIV susceptibility attributed to HSV-2 (c): Etiology of GUD (%)

South Afr 94 South Afr. 00 Tanzania

T pallidum 30 16.2 15

H ducreyi 12 24.5 10

HSV 9 29.2 45

TP + HD 8 1.7

TP + HSV 1 1.1

HD + HSV 4.8

All 3 agents 0.7

Mixed no HSV 2

LGV 3

C. granulom. 9 2

Indeterm. 23 21.7

HIV Serop. 40

Page 17: Interactions between STIs and HIV: a review of published data by Bernard LIAUTAUD, Fmr Prof. of Dermatology and STIs, University of Haiti, Associate Prof

Chen CY et al. Sex Transm Dis, 2000, 1, 21-29

Increasing role in HIV susceptibility attributed

to HSV-2 (b)

1. Development of nucleic acid amplification technology (M-PCR) facilitate diagnostic of GUD and by its higher sensitivity change the reported proportion of each of the etiologic agent

2. HSV-2 may be responsible for a greater population-attributable risk of HIV infection than previously thought

3. In WHO algorithms of treatment no viral suppressive treatment was scheduled and this had been recently changed

Page 18: Interactions between STIs and HIV: a review of published data by Bernard LIAUTAUD, Fmr Prof. of Dermatology and STIs, University of Haiti, Associate Prof

I) Effets des IST sur l’épidémiologie du VIH

1- Quel effet sur la réceptivité au VIH: un sujet séropositif est-il plus réceptif aux IST?

2- Quel effet sur la transmission du VIH: un sujet séroposif et porteur d’une IST est-il un tranmetteur plus efficace du VIH?

3- Quel effet sur la progression de la maladie:un sujet séroposif et porteur d’une IST évoluera-ilplus rapidement vers le Sida ou la mort?

Page 19: Interactions between STIs and HIV: a review of published data by Bernard LIAUTAUD, Fmr Prof. of Dermatology and STIs, University of Haiti, Associate Prof

2a. Impact of STIs on HIV Infectiousness(2 longitudinal studies)

• 1 study in Haiti

• 1 study in Uganda

Too limited for conclusion, but suggest a lower effect on infectiousness than on susceptibility

Rottingen J-A et al. Sex Transm Dis, 28, 579-97, 2001

Page 20: Interactions between STIs and HIV: a review of published data by Bernard LIAUTAUD, Fmr Prof. of Dermatology and STIs, University of Haiti, Associate Prof

Ronald Gray, M.D. Reducing HIV transmission: Lessons Reducing HIV transmission: Lessons from Rakai and other

African from Rakai and other African studies. IAS, Rio de Janeiro, 2005

Page 21: Interactions between STIs and HIV: a review of published data by Bernard LIAUTAUD, Fmr Prof. of Dermatology and STIs, University of Haiti, Associate Prof

Rotchford K et al,Sex Transm Dis,27, 243-248, 2000

2c. Impact of STIs on HIV Infectiousness

Median HIV viral load (copies/ml)

Patients Controls p value

Men with urethritis

12.4x10⁴ 1.51x10⁴ p=0.04

Page 22: Interactions between STIs and HIV: a review of published data by Bernard LIAUTAUD, Fmr Prof. of Dermatology and STIs, University of Haiti, Associate Prof

Rotchford K et al,Sex Transm Dis,27, 243-248, 2000

2d. Impact of STIs on HIV Infectiousness

Effect of treatment: viral load (copies/ml)Cohen MS et al 1997

pre vs post 2weeks

Controls p value

Men +/ -urethritis

12.4x- 4.2x10⁴

1.51x- 2.5x10⁴

p=0.0001-p=0.421

Effect of treatment: detectable HIV viral load (copies/ml)

Ghys PD et al 1997

Bef. vs Aft. Controls p value

Women with STD

39%-29% 17%-15% p=0.05

Page 23: Interactions between STIs and HIV: a review of published data by Bernard LIAUTAUD, Fmr Prof. of Dermatology and STIs, University of Haiti, Associate Prof

Ronald Gray, M.D. Reducing HIV transmission: Lessons Reducing HIV transmission: Lessons from Rakai and other

African from Rakai and other African studies. IAS, Rio de Janeiro, 2005

Page 24: Interactions between STIs and HIV: a review of published data by Bernard LIAUTAUD, Fmr Prof. of Dermatology and STIs, University of Haiti, Associate Prof

Marie Laga, The synergy between Prevention and Care in Africa. IAS, Rio de Janeiro, 2005

Page 25: Interactions between STIs and HIV: a review of published data by Bernard LIAUTAUD, Fmr Prof. of Dermatology and STIs, University of Haiti, Associate Prof

lemeilleur

…de la CROI 2006

Modification médiane ARN VIH (log10 c/ml), n = 20 (4)

Modification médiane ARN VIH (log10 c/ml), n = 20 (4)

CV détectable VIH dans sperme (3)CV détectable VIH dans sperme (3)

Le risque de transmission sexuelle est lié à la charge virale dans les sécrétions génitales (1)

Le risque de transmission sexuelle est lié à la charge virale dans les sécrétions génitales (1)

Probabilité estimée de transmission homme-femme par rapport sexuel (2)

Probabilité estimée de transmission homme-femme par rapport sexuel (2)

1) Cohen M., JID 2005 ; 2) Chakraborty H., AIDS 2001; 15:621 ; 3) Vernazza P., AIDS 2000 ; 4) Graham S., CROI 2006, Abs.130

Transmission sexuelle du VIH : éléments à considérer

Transmission sexuelle du VIH : éléments à considérer

Jours de traitement ARV (d4T / 3TC / NVP)

6

4

2

7 14 280

ARN VIH plasmaARN VIH sécrétions vaginalesARN VIH sécrétions cervicales

0,016

0,012

0,008

0,004

3 3,5 4 4,5 5 5,5

% cellules cervicalesréceptives/mm2

75 %

25 %

50 %

ARN VIH séminal (log10 c/ml) dans éjaculat

5

4

3

2AR

N V

IH d

an

s sp

erm

e(lo

g 10 c

/ml)

1/30-1/200

1/1 000-1/10 000

1/500-1/2 000

1/100-1/1 000

Infection aigue3 semaines

Infection asymptomatique

ProgressionVIH

SIDA

ARN VIH ADN VIH

Sous HAART, n = 114

0

20

40

60

80

100

p < 0,0001

p = 0,025

Naïfs d’ARV, n = 55%

2

Page 26: Interactions between STIs and HIV: a review of published data by Bernard LIAUTAUD, Fmr Prof. of Dermatology and STIs, University of Haiti, Associate Prof

Detection of Acute Infections during HIV Testing in North Carolina Christopher D. Pilcher, N Engl J Med 2005;352:1873

Page 27: Interactions between STIs and HIV: a review of published data by Bernard LIAUTAUD, Fmr Prof. of Dermatology and STIs, University of Haiti, Associate Prof

Rotchford K et al,Sex Transm Dis,27, 243-248, 2000

2e. Impact of STIs on HIV Infectiousness

Indirect studies: biological markers of increased transmission of HIV

CD4 cells in endocervix with NUDs

Cervical interleukin-10 enhancer of Macrophage HIV replication assoc. with gonorrhea, chlamydia and bact vaginosis

Recently characterized factor in bact vaginosis HIV viral replication

x3 seminal viral load 2 weeks after treatment of urethritis estimated 1.5x to 2.2x infectiousness

Page 28: Interactions between STIs and HIV: a review of published data by Bernard LIAUTAUD, Fmr Prof. of Dermatology and STIs, University of Haiti, Associate Prof

I) Effets des IST sur l’épidémiologie du VIH

1- Quel effet sur la réceptivité au VIH: un sujet avec IST est-il plus réceptif au VIH?

2- Quel effet sur la transmission du VIH: un sujet séroposif et porteur d’une IST est-il un transmetteur plus efficace du VIH?

3- Quel effet sur la progression de la maladie:un sujet séroposif et porteur d’une IST évoluera-ilplus rapidement vers le Sida ou la mort?

Page 29: Interactions between STIs and HIV: a review of published data by Bernard LIAUTAUD, Fmr Prof. of Dermatology and STIs, University of Haiti, Associate Prof

Rottingen J-A et al. Sex Transm Dis, 28, 579-97, 2001

3. Impact of STIs on HIV Progression(48 studies including 3 cross sectional and 3 cohort)

1. Lab data suggest HIV is activated by regulatory genes of several DNA viruses (HSV, CMV,HBV, EBV, HSV 6 and papovavirus)

2. Antigenic stimulation from tetanus toxoid, influenza, pneumococcal, cholera vaccines) transienly increase HIV viral load

3. Evidence of transient increase in viremia is lacking

4. Increase progression of HIV disease by herpes viruses suggested by a meta-analysis show significant beneficial effect of acyclovir on HIV survival (Ioannidis IP et al. J Infect Dis, 178, 349-59)

Page 30: Interactions between STIs and HIV: a review of published data by Bernard LIAUTAUD, Fmr Prof. of Dermatology and STIs, University of Haiti, Associate Prof

Rottingen J-A et al. Sex Transm Dis, 28, 579-97, 2001

Page 31: Interactions between STIs and HIV: a review of published data by Bernard LIAUTAUD, Fmr Prof. of Dermatology and STIs, University of Haiti, Associate Prof

II) Effets du VIH sur l’épidémiologie des IST

1- Quel effet sur la réceptivité aux IST: un sujet séropositif est-il plus réceptif aux IST?

2- Quel effet sur la transmission des IST: un sujet séroposif et porteur d’une IST est-il un transmetteur plus efficace de l’IST?

3- Quel effet sur la progression de la maladie:Chez un sujet séroposif et porteur d’une IST évo-luera-t-elle plus longuement et/ou plus sévèrement?

Page 32: Interactions between STIs and HIV: a review of published data by Bernard LIAUTAUD, Fmr Prof. of Dermatology and STIs, University of Haiti, Associate Prof

II) Effets du VIH sur l’épidémiologie des IST

1- Quel effet sur la réceptivité aux IST: un sujet séropositif est-il plus réceptif aux IST?

2- Quel effet sur la transmission des IST: un sujet séroposif et porteur d’une IST est-il un transmetteur plus efficace de l’IST?

3- Quel effet sur la progression de la maladie:Chez un sujet séroposif et porteur d’une IST évo-luera-t-elle plus longuement et/ou plus sévèrement?

Page 33: Interactions between STIs and HIV: a review of published data by Bernard LIAUTAUD, Fmr Prof. of Dermatology and STIs, University of Haiti, Associate Prof

Rottingen J-A et al. Sex Transm Dis, 28, 579-97, 2001/Kalichman Sex Tr Dis, 2000/Bersoff-Matcha J, JInf Dis, 1998

4. Impact of HIV on Susceptibility to STIs (48 studies including 3 cross sectional and 3 cohort)

• Only 5 longitudinal studies indicate a significant effect of HIV

• 2 studies on Herpes simplex give a combined effect estimate of 4.4 (95 CI, 3.3-6)

• Study on self reported STIs in the previous 3 months (Atlanta, 79% Afr-Am) : 12% STI + 11% symptoms of possible STI. Unprotected sex: 36%. Crack Cocaïne (OR=1,6, CI 1.1-2.6)

• Despite strong counseling of 143 HIV + women in St Louis persistent high risk behaviors high cumulative prevalence of STIs: 25% ≥ 1 STI at enrollment; 42% during follow-up (mean 16 months)

Page 34: Interactions between STIs and HIV: a review of published data by Bernard LIAUTAUD, Fmr Prof. of Dermatology and STIs, University of Haiti, Associate Prof

Marie Laga, The synergy between Prevention and Care in Africa. IAS, Rio de Janeiro, 2005

Page 35: Interactions between STIs and HIV: a review of published data by Bernard LIAUTAUD, Fmr Prof. of Dermatology and STIs, University of Haiti, Associate Prof

II) Effets du VIH sur l’épidémiologie des IST

1- Quel effet sur la réceptivité aux IST: un sujet séropositif est-il plus réceptif aux IST?

2- Quel effet sur la transmission des IST: un sujet séroposif et porteur d’une IST est-il un transmetteur plus efficace de l’IST?

3- Quel effet sur la progression de la maladie:Chez un sujet séroposif et porteur d’une IST évo-luera-t-elle plus longuement et/ou plus sévèrement?

Page 36: Interactions between STIs and HIV: a review of published data by Bernard LIAUTAUD, Fmr Prof. of Dermatology and STIs, University of Haiti, Associate Prof

Rottingen J-A et al. Sex Transm Dis, 28, 579-97, 2001

5. Impact of HIV on STIs infectiousness

• No study on direct effect of HIV on STI

• Concurrent HIV infection seems to increase the asymptomatic shedding of HSV-2

• Subclinical shedding was x 6 in HIV + MSM (Shacker T et a. J Infect Dis, 1998, 178, 1616-22)

• HSV Shedding was x 4 in HIV + women vs control group (Augenbraun M et al. Ann Int Med, 1995, 123, 845-47) and id. in HIV + pregnant women at delivery (Hitti J et al. Am J Obstet Gyneco, 1997, 177, 450-454)

• HSV shedding in patients with GUD was x 1,68 in HIV + vs HIV – (p ≼ 0.001) in South Africa (Chen CY et al. Sex Transm Dis, 2000, 1, 21-29)

Page 37: Interactions between STIs and HIV: a review of published data by Bernard LIAUTAUD, Fmr Prof. of Dermatology and STIs, University of Haiti, Associate Prof

Ronald Gray, M.D. Reducing HIV transmission: Lessons Reducing HIV transmission: Lessons from Rakai and other

African from Rakai and other African studies. IAS, Rio de Janeiro, 2005

Page 38: Interactions between STIs and HIV: a review of published data by Bernard LIAUTAUD, Fmr Prof. of Dermatology and STIs, University of Haiti, Associate Prof

II) Effets du VIH sur l’épidémiologie des IST

1- Quel effet sur la réceptivité aux IST: un sujet séropositif est-il plus réceptif aux IST?

2- Quel effet sur la transmission des IST: un sujet séroposif et porteur d’une IST est-il un transmetteur plus efficace de l’IST?

3- Quel effet sur la progression de la maladie:Chez un sujet séroposif et porteur d’une IST évo-luera-t-elle plus longuement (augmentant du mê-me cout sa transmissibilité) et/ou plus sévèrement?

Page 39: Interactions between STIs and HIV: a review of published data by Bernard LIAUTAUD, Fmr Prof. of Dermatology and STIs, University of Haiti, Associate Prof

Rottingen J-A et al. Sex Transm Dis, 28, 579-97, 2001

6a. Impact of HIV on STIs Presentation and Natural History

(48 studies including 3 cross sectional and 3 cohort)

• VDRL/RPR tests more false positive results in HIV + and lead to overestimation of treatment failures

• Treponemal tests may serorevert in HIV +

• Randomized control trial few number of clinical failure (Ns) in HIV+ (Rolfs RT et al. N Engl J Intern Med, 1997, 337, 307-314)

• HIV + more commonly have Secondary Syphilis and chancres suggesting prolonged duration of infectiousness (Hutchinson CM et al. 1994, 121, 94-100)

Page 40: Interactions between STIs and HIV: a review of published data by Bernard LIAUTAUD, Fmr Prof. of Dermatology and STIs, University of Haiti, Associate Prof

INFLUENCE DU STATUT HIV SUR L'EVOLUTION DU RPR

INFLUENCE DU STATUT HIV SUR L'EVOLUTION DU RPR

Centres GHESKIO (1991-1994)

5.75

70

30

13

54

46

Seroconversion Seroreversion Titres stables

EVOLUTION TITRES RPR (PATIENTS AVEC MST)

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

Pourcentages

VIH-

VIH+

Page 41: Interactions between STIs and HIV: a review of published data by Bernard LIAUTAUD, Fmr Prof. of Dermatology and STIs, University of Haiti, Associate Prof
Page 42: Interactions between STIs and HIV: a review of published data by Bernard LIAUTAUD, Fmr Prof. of Dermatology and STIs, University of Haiti, Associate Prof

Rolfs RT, Joesoef MR, Hendershot EF et al. New Engl j Med, 337, 30714,1997

Page 43: Interactions between STIs and HIV: a review of published data by Bernard LIAUTAUD, Fmr Prof. of Dermatology and STIs, University of Haiti, Associate Prof

Rolfs RT, Joesoef MR, Hendershot EF et al. New Engl j Med, 337, 30714,1997

Page 44: Interactions between STIs and HIV: a review of published data by Bernard LIAUTAUD, Fmr Prof. of Dermatology and STIs, University of Haiti, Associate Prof

Rolfs RT, Joesoef MR, Hendershot EF et al. New Engl j Med, 337, 30714,1997

Page 45: Interactions between STIs and HIV: a review of published data by Bernard LIAUTAUD, Fmr Prof. of Dermatology and STIs, University of Haiti, Associate Prof

Rolfs RT, Joesoef MR, Hendershot EF et al. New Engl j Med, 337, 30714,1997

Page 46: Interactions between STIs and HIV: a review of published data by Bernard LIAUTAUD, Fmr Prof. of Dermatology and STIs, University of Haiti, Associate Prof

Rolfs RT, Joesoef MR, Hendershot EF et al. New Engl j Med, 337, 30714,1997

Page 47: Interactions between STIs and HIV: a review of published data by Bernard LIAUTAUD, Fmr Prof. of Dermatology and STIs, University of Haiti, Associate Prof

Rolfs RT, Joesoef MR, Hendershot EF et al. New Engl j Med, 337, 30714,1997

Page 48: Interactions between STIs and HIV: a review of published data by Bernard LIAUTAUD, Fmr Prof. of Dermatology and STIs, University of Haiti, Associate Prof

Rolfs RT, Joesoef MR, Hendershot EF et al. New Engl j Med, 337, 30714,1997

Page 49: Interactions between STIs and HIV: a review of published data by Bernard LIAUTAUD, Fmr Prof. of Dermatology and STIs, University of Haiti, Associate Prof

Rottingen J-A et al. Sex Transm Dis, 28, 579-97, 2001

6b. Impact of HIV on STIs Presentation and Natural History

(48 studies including 3 cross sectional and 3 cohort)

• HIV+ have chancroid with ulcers of longer duration and time of ulcers’ healing longer ( King et al. Intern J STD AIDS, 1998, 9, 531-536)

• No Effect of HIV on failures treating chancroid (when controlled for HSV infection)

• Recurrences of genital herpes more common (x1.5) in HIV+ (Shacker T et a. J Infect Dis, 1998, 178, 1616-22)

Page 50: Interactions between STIs and HIV: a review of published data by Bernard LIAUTAUD, Fmr Prof. of Dermatology and STIs, University of Haiti, Associate Prof

Rottingen J-A et al. Sex Transm Dis, 28, 579-97, 2001

6c. Impact of HIV on STIs Presentation and Natural History

(48 studies including 3 cross sectional and 3 cohort)

• HIV+ women with chlamydia have a higher risk of PID ( Kimani J et al. J Infect Dis, 1996, 173, 1437-44)

• HIV+ women have more sever PID but no difference in treatment

• HIV+ women have an increase prevalence of endometritis with an atypical bacterial origin, possibly related to bacterial vaginosis

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J. Weisserheit. Epidemiological synergy

Page 52: Interactions between STIs and HIV: a review of published data by Bernard LIAUTAUD, Fmr Prof. of Dermatology and STIs, University of Haiti, Associate Prof

J. Weisserheit. Epidemiological synergy

Page 53: Interactions between STIs and HIV: a review of published data by Bernard LIAUTAUD, Fmr Prof. of Dermatology and STIs, University of Haiti, Associate Prof

J. Weisserheit. Epidemiological synergy

Page 54: Interactions between STIs and HIV: a review of published data by Bernard LIAUTAUD, Fmr Prof. of Dermatology and STIs, University of Haiti, Associate Prof