inter modal transportation

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INTERMODALTRANSPORTATION

GROUP NINE


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Intermodal freight transport involves the transportation offreight in an intermodal container or vehicle, using multiple modesof transportation , without any handling of the freight itself whenchanging modes under a single journey and a single bill.

Intermodal: being or involving transportation by more than one form of carrier during asingle journey.

Includes more than one mode air, rail, road, water truck is only practical single mode trip

Typically refers to containerized goods as opposed to bulk or general cargo requires containers less labor than traditional freight handling


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The following is a quick example of utilizing more than one mode oftransportation to ship freight from origin to destination:

A truck moves an empty piece of equipment to a shipper to pick

up a load.

The equipment is loaded with freight and then taken by truck to arailroad yard.

Loaded equipment is put onto a train and railed to its destination.

The load is taken off the train and delivered by truck to thecustomer.

Equipment is unloaded and now empty, ready for another load.


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Components of Intermodalism

From a functional and operational perspective, twocomponents are involved in intermodalism:

Intermodal transportation. The movements ofpassengers or freight from one mode of transportto another, commonly taking place at a terminalspecifically designed for such a purpose.

Transmodal transportation. The movements ofpassengers or freight within the same mode oftransport. Although "pure" transmodaltransportation rarely exists and an intermodaloperation is often required (e.g. ship to dockside toship), the purpose is to insure continuity within thesame modal network.


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Four major functions

define an intermodal

transport chain:1. Composition2. Connection3. Interchange

4. Decomposition


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Containerization is a system of freight transport based on a rangeof steel intermodal containers.

Containers are built to standardised dimensions, and can be

loaded and unloaded, stacked, transported efficiently over longdistances, and transferred from one mode of transport toanothercontainer ships, rail and semi-trailer truckswithoutbeing opened.

The system was developed after World War II, led to greatly

reduced transport costs, and supported a vast increase ininternational trade.

Containerization permits the mechanized handling of cargoes ofdiverse types and dimensions that are placed into boxes ofstandard sizes.


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Standard containers (20, 40, 45 height 86)

Hard top containers (removable steel roof)

Open top containers

Flat racks

Domestic containers (53)

Refrigerated containers (require clear space)

Tank containers

High cube container (96 tall)

One 20 container is a Twenty foot Equivalent Unit (TEU)


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Types ofCarriers


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A station where freight is received or discharged Situated at the end In the intermodal world we usually refer to

terminals as intermodal yards. Airports Bus terminals Marine terminal or port Ferry terminal Intermodal yard

Train station Rail yard Cross-dock facility Distribution center


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Core

Infrastructure Modal access (dock, siding, road), unloading areas

Equipment Intermodal lifting equipment, storing equipment

Storage Yard for empty and loaded containers

ManagementAdministration, maintenance, access (gates), information

systems

Ancillary

Trade

facilitationFree trade zone, logistical services

Distribution

centers

Transloading, cross-docking, warehousing, temperature

controlled (cold chain)

Storage depot Container depot, bulk storage

Container

servicesWashing, preparation, repair


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Standard transport product

Flexibility of usage

Management Economies of scale

Speed

Warehousing

Security


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Competition between the modes has tendedto produce a transport system that

is segmented and un-integrated.

All the modes saw the other modes ascompetitors, and were viewed with suspicionand mistrust.

Modalism was also favored because of thedifficulties of transferring goods from onemode to another, thereby incurring additionalterminal costs and delays

inter modal transportation

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