INTER AND SEQUENTIAL

CROPPING (CROP

ROTATION) IN RICE

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RICE BASED CROPPING SYSTEMS IN INDIA

In rice growing areas several crop combinations (cropping

systems) are in practice based on agro-ecological conditions,

market and domestic needs and facilities available with

farmers, some of the most prominent ones are being discussed

under:

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1. Mixed varietal cropping of rice

 2. Intercropping rice with other crops

 3. Relay cropping

 4. Sequential cropping in rice

5. Rice under integrated farming system

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1. MIXED VARIETAL CROPPING OF RICE

System of mixing seed of early rice (ahu) with late maturing deep

water rice (bao) is being practices in West Bengal to avoid total crop

loss at the event of flood.

The seed of both the types of mixed in 1:1 ratio and has given higher

yield than sole cropping of either type. Similarly growing of a mixture of autumn and winter varieties in

3:1 ratio in Tamil Nadu and Kerala is very much in practice.

However, under normal conditions it has created problems in

performing agricultural operations like harvesting, deciding

fertilizer doses etc

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 2. INTERCROPPING RICE WITH OTHER CROPS

It is a common practice under upland conditions in north and

north-eastern part of the country to grow rice intercropped with

black gram, green gram, sesame, maize, finger millet or other

miner millets.

The ratio of rice and inter crop is preferred to be 3-4:1.

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 3. RELAY CROPPING

The seed of succeeding crops like lentil, gram, pea, lathyrus,

berseem, linseed etc. is sown broadcast in maturing rice crop.

This practice saves time; money (to be spent on land

preparation etc.) utilizes residual fertility.

This practice is common in both upland and lowland rice

culture.

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4. SEQUENTIAL CROPPING IN RICE

Sequential cropping refers to

the crops grown as preceding

or succeeding with rice as

shown below;

   Irrigated

conditions                               

     under upland

       Rice-Rice-

Rice                                          

   Rice-Chickpea

       Rice-Rice-

Cereal                               

Rice-Lentil

       Rice-Rice-

Pulses                             Rice-

Mustard/Linseed

       Rice-Wheat-

Pulse                                        

  Rice-Barley

       Rice-Toria-

Wheat                                       

   Rice – Wheat

       Rice –

Wheat                                       

          Rice – Wheat

       Rice –

Mustard                                    

           Rice – Pea

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Rice-Fish-Poultry

Rice-Fish-Duckery

In North India where irrigation facilities exist, a number of

cropping systems of crops involving rice are feasible.

After harvest of rice, crops like potato, berseem, toria etc., can

be sown and will fit very well in intensive crop rotations.

In rainfed areas too, where the soils are well drained and have

good moisture retention capacity, legume crops like chickpea,

lentil could be grown.

5. RICE UNDER INTEGRATED FARMING SYSTEM

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(A) Irrigated Areas-

Rice-wheat

Rice- potato-urd (black gram)

Rice- toria-wheat

Rice- wheat -moong (green gram)

Rice-potato -moong (green gram)

Rice- pea (for pods) -moong (green gram)

Rice-wheat -Jute

Rice- field peas -sugarcane.

Some of the cropping systems are given below

(B) Un-irrigated Areas

Rice- chickpea

Rice- lentil

Rice- field pea

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In case of intensive crop rotations where there are more than

two crops in a year, a paddy variety of early duration should be

selected.

In South India, where the winter temperature is not so low,

double cropping of rice is practised.

In eastern India, in low-lying areas a crop of jute is grown

followed by rice. Some of the cropping systems are as below:

Rice -rice-wheat

Jute -rice-wheat

Rice-maize-jute

Rice- potato-jute

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 IN TAMILNADU

The rice is cultivated for a very long time under wet, dry and

garden land ecosystem.

Under dry cultivation, the dry seed was sown either by

broadcasting or dropped in lines after country plough.

It was also sown as mixed crop along with red gram.

This practice is still being followed in Ramanthapuram district.

In Chingleput, Thiruvallur, Kancheepuram the seeds are

sown in dry conditions but subsequently the crop is irrigated

when the tanks get filled up with the onset of monsoon.Previous Next End

It certain parts of North Arcot, South Arcot, Chingleput and

Salem districts, rice is cultivated as a garden land crop under

irrigation.

Some of the rice based cropping patterns being followed in

the in Tamil Nadu are discussed below:-

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Rice - Rice-Rice:

This crop rotation is most suitable for areas having high rainfall

and assured irrigation facilities in summer months, particularly,

in soils which have high water holding capacity and low rate of

infiltration.

In some canal irrigated areas of Tamil Nadu, a cropping

pattern of 300% intensity is followed. In such areas three crops

of rice are grown in a year.

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Rice-Groundnut

This cropping pattern is being followed by the

farmers Tamil Nadu.

After harvesting of rice crop, groundnut is grown in

summer.

Rice fallow cultivation

Rice + Pigeon pea

Rice + green gram (moong bean)

Rice + Black gram, urd bean

Rice + Black gram

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