Inter-American Drug Abuse Inter-American Drug Abuse Control Commission (CICAD)Control Commission (CICAD)

Organization of American Organization of American StatesStates

James F. Mack, Executive SecretaryJames F. Mack, Executive SecretaryJMack@oas.orgJMack@oas.org

www.cicad.oas.orgwww.cicad.oas.org

CICAD:CICAD:• An agency of the OAS created in 1986 to An agency of the OAS created in 1986 to

to reduce the production, trafficking and to reduce the production, trafficking and use and abuse of drugs in the Americasuse and abuse of drugs in the Americas

• The Commission, made up of The Commission, made up of representatives of 34 OAS member states, representatives of 34 OAS member states, is the forum for hemispheric-level is the forum for hemispheric-level discussion & action on drug issuesdiscussion & action on drug issues

• A full-time staff of approx. 40 who plan & A full-time staff of approx. 40 who plan & carry out technical assistance projectscarry out technical assistance projects

GREAT DIVERSITY OF GREAT DIVERSITY OF EXPERTISEEXPERTISE

• CICAD Commissioners, who provide policy CICAD Commissioners, who provide policy guidance to permanent staff, are very senior guidance to permanent staff, are very senior officials from Ministries of Justice, Home officials from Ministries of Justice, Home Affairs, Health, Police, Treasury, Education Affairs, Health, Police, Treasury, Education and Social Welfare.and Social Welfare.

• In-depth expertise of CICAD staff equally In-depth expertise of CICAD staff equally wide-ranging: e.g., money laundering & arms wide-ranging: e.g., money laundering & arms control, health & psychology, education, control, health & psychology, education, statistics & research, legal cooperation & statistics & research, legal cooperation & development, law enforcement, education development, law enforcement, education and professional development.and professional development.

What CICAD doesWhat CICAD does

• Provides broad array of technical & Provides broad array of technical & financial assistance to raise standards and financial assistance to raise standards and improve countries’ capacity to deal with improve countries’ capacity to deal with drug problemdrug problem

• Devotes more than 50% of its funds to Devotes more than 50% of its funds to training of human resourcestraining of human resources

• Serves as “test bed” for innovative pilot Serves as “test bed” for innovative pilot projects to see whether they work in projects to see whether they work in different environmentsdifferent environments

• Conducts multi-country programs that Conducts multi-country programs that share experiences and build trust & share experiences and build trust & confidence among peers working on a confidence among peers working on a difficult & dangerous problemdifficult & dangerous problem

CICAD is not:CICAD is not:

• A real time intelligence or law A real time intelligence or law enforcement agency -- but it does enforcement agency -- but it does conduct specialized training courses conduct specialized training courses for law enforcement & intelligence for law enforcement & intelligence personnelpersonnel

• A funding agency – but it does carry A funding agency – but it does carry out projects in partnership with out projects in partnership with countriescountries

CURRENT CICAD PROGRAMSCURRENT CICAD PROGRAMS

• Substance abuse prevention and treatmentSubstance abuse prevention and treatment• Supply reduction and controlSupply reduction and control• Capacity- and institution-building for national Capacity- and institution-building for national

drug commissionsdrug commissions• Statistics, information and researchStatistics, information and research• Money laundering controlMoney laundering control• Legal development & cooperation (including arms Legal development & cooperation (including arms

control & anti-corruption measures)control & anti-corruption measures)• Multilateral Evaluation Mechanism (MEM)Multilateral Evaluation Mechanism (MEM)• Alternative developmentAlternative development• Professional educationProfessional education

CICAD INITIATIVESCICAD INITIATIVES

• Introducing substance abuse prevention Introducing substance abuse prevention issues into the curricula of Schools of issues into the curricula of Schools of Nursing, Medicine, Education, & helping Nursing, Medicine, Education, & helping secondary schools organize drug secondary schools organize drug prevention programs for studentsprevention programs for students

• Culture of lawfulness training for high Culture of lawfulness training for high school teachersschool teachers

• Violence prevention, social services and Violence prevention, social services and rehabilitation for gang members involved rehabilitation for gang members involved in drug dealingin drug dealing

CICAD INITIATIVES (contd.)CICAD INITIATIVES (contd.)

• Developing a standardized methodology Developing a standardized methodology for determining the cost of drugs to societyfor determining the cost of drugs to society

• Peer review, by all countries, of their Peer review, by all countries, of their progress in dealing with all aspects of the progress in dealing with all aspects of the drug problem (the Multilateral Evaluation drug problem (the Multilateral Evaluation Mechanism– MEM)Mechanism– MEM)

• Developing long-range plans for Developing long-range plans for investment in profitable alternatives to investment in profitable alternatives to cultivation of coca and opium poppycultivation of coca and opium poppy

CICAD INITIATIVES (contd.)CICAD INITIATIVES (contd.)

• Training judges, public prosecutors, police, Training judges, public prosecutors, police, private banking associations and attorneys private banking associations and attorneys to deal with money laundering offensesto deal with money laundering offenses

• Developing effective alternatives to Developing effective alternatives to incarceration for minor drug offenders incarceration for minor drug offenders (drug courts, community service, (drug courts, community service, treatment and rehab. for addicts)treatment and rehab. for addicts)

• Substance abuse counselling and Substance abuse counselling and treatment for addicted prisonerstreatment for addicted prisoners

The Multilateral The Multilateral Evaluation Mechanism (MEM)Evaluation Mechanism (MEM)• Created in 1999 as a diagnostic tool to carry out Created in 1999 as a diagnostic tool to carry out

an an objective, transparent and multilateralobjective, transparent and multilateral evaluationevaluation of progress made by each CICAD of progress made by each CICAD member state – and the Hemisphere as a whole – member state – and the Hemisphere as a whole – in dealing with all aspects of the drug problem.in dealing with all aspects of the drug problem.

• A hemispheric response to the unilateral U.S. A hemispheric response to the unilateral U.S. Certification process required by Congress.Certification process required by Congress.

• Assists countries in generating internal support Assists countries in generating internal support for their counter drug effortfor their counter drug effort

• Has had a positive impact in improving the Has had a positive impact in improving the capacity of member states to deal with the drug capacity of member states to deal with the drug problemproblem– 90% of 190% of 1stst Round Recommendations have been Round Recommendations have been

implementedimplemented– 66% of 266% of 2ndnd Recommendations have been Recommendations have been

implementedimplemented

The Multilateral The Multilateral Evaluation Mechanism (MEM)Evaluation Mechanism (MEM)• Offers the countries an opportunity to request Offers the countries an opportunity to request

technical, financial or training assistance to technical, financial or training assistance to implement assigned recommendationsimplement assigned recommendations

• Evaluations are performed by experts of each Evaluations are performed by experts of each member state (Governmental Expert Group – GEG). member state (Governmental Expert Group – GEG). Experts participate in the evaluation of every Experts participate in the evaluation of every country, with the exception of their own. country, with the exception of their own.

• 2 year evaluation cycle:2 year evaluation cycle:– 11stst year: each country is evaluated and specific year: each country is evaluated and specific

recommendations are made (approved by CICAD recommendations are made (approved by CICAD Commission);Commission);

– 22ndnd year: progress in implementing recommendations is year: progress in implementing recommendations is evaluated. evaluated.

• Evaluation based on a questionnaire of indicators Evaluation based on a questionnaire of indicators designed by and periodically updated by the designed by and periodically updated by the member states. member states.

NEW APPROACHESNEW APPROACHES

• Encouraging countries to decentralize Encouraging countries to decentralize their drug control policies and programs their drug control policies and programs to the state, province or city level, & to the state, province or city level, & training local officialstraining local officials

• Greater use of on-line education & Greater use of on-line education & information technologyinformation technology

• Building co-funding partnerships with Building co-funding partnerships with member states for needed programsmember states for needed programs

ADVANTAGES OF WORKING ADVANTAGES OF WORKING WITH CICADWITH CICAD• Flexible, fast turnaround, very low Flexible, fast turnaround, very low

overheadoverhead

• Efficient, minimum bureaucratic obstaclesEfficient, minimum bureaucratic obstacles

• Staff has excellent rapport with partners in Staff has excellent rapport with partners in countrycountry

• Counterparts feel they have ownership of Counterparts feel they have ownership of the programsthe programs

• Model regulations & policy documents are Model regulations & policy documents are solid and the product of consensussolid and the product of consensus

ADVANTAGES OF WORKING ADVANTAGES OF WORKING WITH CICADWITH CICAD• Oracle accounting system is Oracle accounting system is

transparent and can generate transparent and can generate customized reportscustomized reports

• Accounts are audited by an external Accounts are audited by an external firm of CPAs, which reports to an firm of CPAs, which reports to an independent board of external auditorsindependent board of external auditors

• Internal audits are conducted by the Internal audits are conducted by the Inspector General, who reports to the Inspector General, who reports to the Secretary GeneralSecretary General

CICAD’s fundingCICAD’s funding• In 2004, 15% (US$2.08 million) of CICAD’s total In 2004, 15% (US$2.08 million) of CICAD’s total

budget came from the OAS central budget; the budget came from the OAS central budget; the remaining 85% (US$11.79 million) came from remaining 85% (US$11.79 million) came from external funding.external funding.

• Estimated income for 2005 is US$8.4 million, of Estimated income for 2005 is US$8.4 million, of which 76.2% needs to come from donor states & which 76.2% needs to come from donor states & institutions that fund specific projects or institutions that fund specific projects or programs.programs.

• CICAD has forged strategic alliances with other CICAD has forged strategic alliances with other organizations such as the IADB, the Lions Club organizations such as the IADB, the Lions Club International Foundation, and the United Nations International Foundation, and the United Nations to carry out specific programs.to carry out specific programs.

• CICAD also encourages the concept of horizontal CICAD also encourages the concept of horizontal cooperation and the sharing of “best practices” cooperation and the sharing of “best practices” among Member states. among Member states.

CICAD’s funding (contd.)CICAD’s funding (contd.)

Major donors of earmarked funds are:Major donors of earmarked funds are:• United StatesUnited States• CanadaCanada• SpainSpain• FranceFrance• Inter-American Development BankInter-American Development Bank• United KingdomUnited Kingdom• MexicoMexico• JapanJapan

Inter-American Drug Abuse Inter-American Drug Abuse Control Commission (CICAD)Control Commission (CICAD)

Organization of American Organization of American StatesStates

James F. Mack, Executive SecretaryJames F. Mack, Executive SecretaryJMack@oas.orgJMack@oas.org

www.cicad.oas.orgwww.cicad.oas.org