intention detection and mirror neurons xuan zhao [email protected]
TRANSCRIPT
CONTENT
Terms used in mind perception?
What is Mirror Neuron System (MNS)?
How was MNS discovered and proved to be related with intention detection?
What are components of Core Social Imitating System? How it works?
Terms Used in Mind Perception Empathy: ‘Feeling inside’ in Latin Theory Of Mind (TOM):Seeing both oneself and others as subjective beings
with minds and mental states. Going beyond the sensory into the mental.
Mentalizing Mind-Reading Intentionality: ‘about something else’ in presentation Intention Intersubjectivity
Three theories to explain TOM Module theory: a theory of mind module (TOMM)Separate from but builds on other mental abilities that may be
shared with non-human primates and other mammals. Only humans have a complete TOMM.
Theory theories:TOM abilities develop as a primitive, implicit theory over the course
of development.Abrupt changes in behavior and understanding of their own minds.
Simulation theory:Understand other minds by internally simulating their mental states
in each situation.The dual responsiveness of mirror neurons to self- and other-
generated action could be taken as support.
Mirror Neuron System (MNS) A collection of cortical neurons that allow humans
to understand the intentions of others from observation of their actions.
They fire when:1)A particular action is perceived2)The observer performs the same action.
Discovered in the frontal cortex and parietal cortex of macaque monkeys.
Discovery of Mirror Neurons
Giacomo Rizzolatti et al.
Premotor cortex and the recognition of motor actions. Cognitive Brain Research 3 (1996):131-141
Mirror neurons in F5 (Part of the frontal motor area)
(Tammer et al., 2006)
Discovery of Mirror Neurons
Responded when:Experimenter grasped peanuts placed on a board.Monkey grasped the peanuts.Monkey grasped peanuts in darkness
Didn’t respond when:Peanuts were alone on board.The experimenter grasped peanuts with a tool
Giacomo Rizzolatti et al. Premotor cortex and the recognition of motor actions. Cognitive Brain Research 3 (1996):131-141
To rule out possibilities of monkey-experimenter interaction or food expectancy.
Giacomo Rizzolatti et al. Premotor cortex and the recognition of motor actions. Cognitive Brain Research 3 (1996):131-141
Evidence for Human MNSGiacomo Rizzolatti et al. Motor and cognitive functions of the ventral premotor cortex. Current Opinion in Neurobiology 2002, 12:149–154
Brodmann area 44 in the left hemisphere:
Broca’s area (cortical speech area)
Mirror neuron capabilities involving representation of actions with the hand and arm.
Broca’s area has mixed abilities.
(Rizzolatti et al., 2002)
Action Recognition or Intention Detection?
Does the MNS respond to the act regardless of context (action recognition), or does it respond to acts in particular contexts (intention detection)?
Studies of human acts carried out in different contexts show that actions are embedded in contexts.
Marco Iacoboni, Istvan Molnar-Szakacs, Vittorio Gallese, Giovanni Buccino, John C. Mazziotta, Giacomo Rizzolatti. Grasping Intentions with Mirror Neurons. PLoS Biol 3(3): e79
Marco Iacoboni, Istvan Molnar-Szakacs, Vittorio Gallese, Giovanni Buccino, John C. Mazziotta, Giacomo Rizzolatti. Grasping Intentions with Mirror Neurons. PLoS Biol 3(3): e79
(Iacoboni et al., 2005)
Automaticity of Intention Detection
Mirror Neurons in IPC
In macaque monkeys (Fogassi et al. ,2005)
Results of microelectrode studies in the inferior parietal cortex (IPC).
In humans (Decety et al., 2002)
Left IPC is activated when we imitate actions that we observed in others;
Right IPC is activated when we observe others imitating us.
(Cartographers: Fu and Baars)
Core Social Imitation System
(Iacoboni et al., 2005)
Imitation Learning
Two roles of the mirror neuron system:Imitation LearningImitation learning occurs when we observe others performing an action and then recreate that action ourselves.
Social mirroring (Iacoboni et al., 2005. Cartographers: Fu and Baars)
Social Mirroring
(Iacoboni et al., 2005. Cartographers: Fu and Baars)
(Iacoboni et al., 2005)
Reference Bernard J. Baars, Nicole M. Gage. Cognition, Brain, and Consciousness. Elsevier Ltd. 2007. Giacomo Rizzolatti et al. Premotor cortex and the recognition of motor actions. Cognitive
Brain Research 3. 1996:131-141\ R. Tammer, L. Ehrenreich, S. Boretius, T. Watanabe, J. Frahm, T. Michaelis. Compatibility of
glass-guided recording microelectrodes in the brain stem of squirrel monkeys with high-resolution 3D MRI. Journal of Neuroscience Methods. 2006, 153(2): 221-229
Giacomo Rizzolatti et al. Motor and cognitive functions of the ventral premotor cortex. Current Opinion in Neurobiology. 2002, 12:149–154
Marco Iacoboni, Istvan Molnar-Szakacs, Vittorio Gallese, Giovanni Buccino, John C. Mazziotta, Giacomo Rizzolatti. Grasping Intentions with Mirror Neurons. PLoS Biol 3(3): e79
Leonardo Fogassi, Pier Francesco Ferrari, Benno Gesierich, Stefano Rozzi, Fabian Chersi, Giacomo Rizzolatti. Parietal Lobe: From Action Organization to Intention Understanding. Science. 2005, 308. no. 5722, pp. 662 – 667.
J. Decety, T. Chaminade, J. Grèzes and A. N. Meltzoff. A PET Exploration of the Neural Mechanisms Involved in Reciprocal Imitation. NeuroImage. 2002,15(1):265-272.
