intelligent urban traffic signalling infrastructure with optimized intrinsic safety prof. marius...

INTELLIGENT URBAN TRAFFIC INTELLIGENT URBAN TRAFFIC SIGNALLING INFRASTRUCTURE WITH SIGNALLING INFRASTRUCTURE WITH

OPTIMIZED INTRINSIC SAFETYOPTIMIZED INTRINSIC SAFETY

Prof. Marius MINEA, Ph.DProf. Marius MINEA, Ph.DLect. F.C. Nemtanu, Ph.D. Stud.Lect. F.C. Nemtanu, Ph.D. Stud.

POLITEHNICA University of BucharestPOLITEHNICA University of Bucharest

ICCCC 2006 – Baile Felix Spa

ICCCC 2006, Baile Felix SICCCC 2006, Baile Felix Spapa

22

IntroductionIntroduction

What is ITS? ITS stands for What is ITS? ITS stands for “Intelligent Transport Systems”, “Intelligent Transport Systems”, representing a set of measures representing a set of measures undertaken to improve information, undertaken to improve information, safety and seamless flow of safety and seamless flow of transport and traffic. ITS deals with transport and traffic. ITS deals with the term “Telematics”, a the term “Telematics”, a combination of the technologies combination of the technologies involving Telecommunications and involving Telecommunications and InformaticsInformatics


33

Main ITS componentsMain ITS components

ATMS – Advanced Traffic Management ATMS – Advanced Traffic Management Systems;Systems;

ATIS – Advanced Traffic Information Systems;ATIS – Advanced Traffic Information Systems;

CVO – Commercial Vehicles Operations;CVO – Commercial Vehicles Operations;

APTS – Advanced Public Transport Systems;APTS – Advanced Public Transport Systems;

AVCS – Advanced Vehicle Control Systems.AVCS – Advanced Vehicle Control Systems.


44

UTMC SystemsUTMC SystemsAn UTMC system, component of Intelligent An UTMC system, component of Intelligent Transport Systems, defines a generalised Transport Systems, defines a generalised architecture for traffic management and vehicles architecture for traffic management and vehicles priority in terms of:priority in terms of:Monitoring/location of Public Transport Vehicles Monitoring/location of Public Transport Vehicles (PTVs), or other type of vehicles;(PTVs), or other type of vehicles;Road Network Modelling;Road Network Modelling;Traffic Management Strategy Selection;Traffic Management Strategy Selection;Strategy Implementation; Strategy Implementation; Management of common/historic databases.Management of common/historic databases.


55

Adaptive signal control has recently Adaptive signal control has recently emerged as a viable system control emerged as a viable system control strategy within the United States, Europe strategy within the United States, Europe and Australia. Long used in Europe and and Australia. Long used in Europe and Australia, adaptive control consists of the Australia, adaptive control consists of the real-time adjustment of coordinated signal real-time adjustment of coordinated signal timing parameters as well as independent timing parameters as well as independent intersection control to adapt to changing intersection control to adapt to changing traffic conditions.traffic conditions.


66

Benefits of ITSBenefits of ITS


77

Safety improvement – a major goal of ITSSafety improvement – a major goal of ITS


88

Specific, existing UTMC systemsSpecific, existing UTMC systems

Specific UTMC systems, such as SCOOT, Specific UTMC systems, such as SCOOT, SCATS, UTOPIA, SITRAFFIC, ITACA are SCATS, UTOPIA, SITRAFFIC, ITACA are now wide spread around the world and now wide spread around the world and already considered “mature” UTMC already considered “mature” UTMC systems. systems. SCOOT – Split Cycle Offset Optimization TechniqueSCOOT – Split Cycle Offset Optimization Technique

SCATS - SCATS - Sydney Coordinated Adaptive Traffic SystemSydney Coordinated Adaptive Traffic System

UTOPIA - Urban Traffic Optimisation by Integrated AutomationUTOPIA - Urban Traffic Optimisation by Integrated Automation

SITRAFFIC – Siemens Intelligent TRAFFIC systemSITRAFFIC – Siemens Intelligent TRAFFIC system

ITACA – Intelligent Traffic Adaptive Control AgentITACA – Intelligent Traffic Adaptive Control Agent


99

Using Mathematic Algorithms for Using Mathematic Algorithms for Traffic ModelingTraffic Modeling

Several Traffic models:Several Traffic models:– Static models – using fixed traffic data, Static models – using fixed traffic data,

allocated to Origin-Destination matrixes;allocated to Origin-Destination matrixes;– Dynamic models – using variable data for Dynamic models – using variable data for

traffic flows between nodes of a matrix;traffic flows between nodes of a matrix;– Continuous models – using fluids laws for Continuous models – using fluids laws for

modeling traffic behavior;modeling traffic behavior;– Micromodelling – using time division to Micromodelling – using time division to

describe local traffic behavior;describe local traffic behavior;


1010

Specific diagrams – traffic demand Specific diagrams – traffic demand in a cityin a city


1111

Specific diagramsSpecific diagrams

Vehicles speed (q) versus traffic density (k)


1212

Simplifying the process, the UTMC system Simplifying the process, the UTMC system measures continuously traffic demand using measures continuously traffic demand using special detectors. Then, it calculates optimal special detectors. Then, it calculates optimal signaling using several techniques, according to signaling using several techniques, according to the technology and software. the technology and software. For example, the traffic models that use fluids For example, the traffic models that use fluids flowing laws are represented by a set of flowing laws are represented by a set of mathematical equations; some of these can be mathematical equations; some of these can be solved analytically, some with numerical solved analytically, some with numerical procedures. In practice, a link between two procedures. In practice, a link between two junctions is divided in several “cells” with a junctions is divided in several “cells” with a length equivalent to a normal vehicle. Traffic length equivalent to a normal vehicle. Traffic conditions are estimated using time splits of 0.5 conditions are estimated using time splits of 0.5 to 10 seconds. Information is then distributed to to 10 seconds. Information is then distributed to traffic controllers, that actuate traffic lights.traffic controllers, that actuate traffic lights.


1313

Characteristic

entities

Static models

Dynamic models

Continuous models

Microsimu-lation

Traffic volumes

AR AP N N or AR

Speed AR AR AP AP

Speed distribution

N AR AR AP

Accelerations

N N AR AP

Influences in traffic volumes

N or AR N or AR N or AR AR

Legend: A – Available feature; N – non-available; R – reduced accuracy; P – precision of the models


1414

Logical diagram for the Following Logical diagram for the Following Vehicle Pattern Model (example)Vehicle Pattern Model (example)

“IN FRONT” VEHICLE STATUS

ERRORS

PERCEPTIONINFORMATION COLLECTION

DECISION EXECUTION

VEHICLE DRIVER

VEHICLE DYNAMICS

FEEDBACK REACTION

NEXT VEHICLE STATUS


1515

Present state in RomaniaPresent state in Romania

There are no important UTMC systems implemented (exceptions There are no important UTMC systems implemented (exceptions are the UTOPIA for 41 “Light metro” line in Bucharest, and the future are the UTOPIA for 41 “Light metro” line in Bucharest, and the future Bucharest Multisector UTC/PTM/CCTV project for around 100 Bucharest Multisector UTC/PTM/CCTV project for around 100 junctions and 300 buses);junctions and 300 buses);The signalling infrastructure is heterogeneous, obsolete and The signalling infrastructure is heterogeneous, obsolete and frequent failures are reported;frequent failures are reported;There is no a centralised concept in monitoring, control and repair There is no a centralised concept in monitoring, control and repair operations for the road signalling infrastructure;operations for the road signalling infrastructure;There is no an updated database concerning the field facilities kept There is no an updated database concerning the field facilities kept at an administrative authority (such as Street Administration) – so as at an administrative authority (such as Street Administration) – so as at this moment, if a traffic signal or sign is damaged or missing, at this moment, if a traffic signal or sign is damaged or missing, there will be a big delay (days) until the authority will be noticed and there will be a big delay (days) until the authority will be noticed and maintenance will be performed;maintenance will be performed;The Street Administration required several times a centralised, The Street Administration required several times a centralised, integrated method/platform for field data acquisition/monitoring of integrated method/platform for field data acquisition/monitoring of the signalling infrastructure.the signalling infrastructure.


1616

Designing an ITS platform for the Designing an ITS platform for the road signalling infrastructureroad signalling infrastructure

SIGNALLING ELEMENTS

POSITIONS DATA COLLECTION

Human Operators

AUTOMATIC FAULT REPORTING

Traffic controllers

OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE

CENTRE

USERS INFORMATIONMaintenance Companies and Operators

Radio or wired data network

Traffic participantsRoad users

Traffic controllers

Media and information distribution centre

SYSTEM

Functional architecture for the Optimised Signalling Infrastructure


1717

Specific requirements for the integrated Specific requirements for the integrated optimised signalling infrastructureoptimised signalling infrastructure

Traffic management systems by definition Traffic management systems by definition contain functions for the detection and selection contain functions for the detection and selection of vehicles and functions associated with the of vehicles and functions associated with the granting of prioritygranting of priority;;A very important characteristic of the A very important characteristic of the communications network for these systems is communications network for these systems is that the delay for any operational data must be that the delay for any operational data must be strictly controlledstrictly controlled;;The communications network is a crucial The communications network is a crucial element in an optimised signalling infrastructure.element in an optimised signalling infrastructure.


1818

Specific architectures for priority Specific architectures for priority granting and fault management functionsgranting and fault management functions

When the priority strategy is separate and When the priority strategy is separate and interrupts the background strategy, then there is interrupts the background strategy, then there is scope for a variety of architectures. It is scope for a variety of architectures. It is possible, but not necessarily desirable for some possible, but not necessarily desirable for some or all of the priority functions to be logically or all of the priority functions to be logically separated from the background control function. separated from the background control function. Four groups of architectures are possible:Four groups of architectures are possible:

– Centralised UTC and priority functions, centralised fault Centralised UTC and priority functions, centralised fault reporting;reporting;

– Decentralised UTC and priority functions, centralised fault Decentralised UTC and priority functions, centralised fault reporting;reporting;

– Centralised UTC with decentralised priority functions, Centralised UTC with decentralised priority functions, centralised fault reporting;centralised fault reporting;

– Decentralised UTC with centralised priority functions, Decentralised UTC with centralised priority functions, centralised fault reporting.centralised fault reporting.


1919

Fault reportingFault reporting

As seen in the above classification, As seen in the above classification, the fault reporting / management the fault reporting / management function should be always centralised, function should be always centralised, as this is very important for the good as this is very important for the good operational status of the system. In all operational status of the system. In all cases, even if there is or there is not a cases, even if there is or there is not a wired communication network link to a wired communication network link to a management centre, there is a must management centre, there is a must to have a radio link (or GSM network to have a radio link (or GSM network link) for the fault monitoring function.link) for the fault monitoring function.


2020

Specific architectures (1)Specific architectures (1)

Centralized control, all functions


2121

Specific architectures (2)Specific architectures (2)

Decentralized control, all functions


2222

It is a known fact that the road It is a known fact that the road transportation is most affected with traffic transportation is most affected with traffic incidents, casualties, traffic jams and incidents, casualties, traffic jams and general congestion, due to the large general congestion, due to the large number of vehicles, both private and/or number of vehicles, both private and/or belonging to state agencies or companies.belonging to state agencies or companies.

Implementing ITS in urban transport Implementing ITS in urban transport means introducing mathematic algorithms means introducing mathematic algorithms for traffic optimization, introducing for traffic optimization, introducing “intelligence” at the street level.“intelligence” at the street level.


2323

ConclusionsConclusionsTraffic management systems are complex Traffic management systems are complex architectures, with core processing architectures, with core processing equipment that requires sensor data equipment that requires sensor data fusion, mathematic algorithms and good fusion, mathematic algorithms and good communications infrastructure;communications infrastructure;

Increasing the intrinsic reliability thru Increasing the intrinsic reliability thru specific measures means reducing traffic specific measures means reducing traffic incidents, environmental pollution and incidents, environmental pollution and costs for transport.costs for transport.


2424

Thank you!Thank you!

[email protected]@gmail.com

[email protected] [email protected]

www.e-safety.ro www.eltrans.pub.ro

UPB-CEPETET

Centrul de Cercetare, Proiectare, Service si Consulting in domeniul Telecomenzilor si Electronicii in Transporturi

intelligent urban traffic signalling infrastructure with optimized intrinsic safety prof. marius...

Documents