Intelligent Tutor Systems

Before We Start …Before We Start …

Intelligent ???Intelligent ???

• ICAI – Intelligent Computer Aided Instructions

• Ability to solve the problems they present

• Individualization

• Tutor and not a Coach

Components Of ITS

ACT*ACT*

Features of ACT*Features of ACT*

• Set of rules in which each rule represents a unit of skill

• Productions are goal directed

• Knowledge Compilation

• Limited Working Memory

Example : SymbolizationExample : Symbolization

• Goal: Write an algebraic expression given a real world problem context

• Tutor’s Pedagogical Content Knowledge Domain knowledge General tutoring rules Content specific strategies

To Build A Good TutorTo Build A Good Tutor

• Study what makes the domain difficult including discovering what types of errors students make

• Construct a theory of how students solve these problems

• Observe experienced human tutors to find what pedagogical knowledge content they have

Ms. Lindquist’s ArchitectureMs. Lindquist’s Architecture

Cognitive Student ModelCognitive Student Model

• If-Then rules on working set elements

• Buggy productions

• If the correct answer is 5g + 7(30 - g)

• Student model reports full diagnosis to Tutor Model

Tutor ModelTutor Model

• Again implemented using production rules

• Choose the pedagogical plan for the received diagnosis

• Focusing heuristic

• Tutorial Agenda

• Tutorial Questions

• Tutorial Strategies

Concrete Articulation StrategyConcrete Articulation Strategy

Introduced Variable StrategyIntroduced Variable Strategy

Explain In English StrategyExplain In English Strategy

Principles For Design Of TutorsPrinciples For Design Of Tutors

• Represent student competence as a production set

• Communicate the goal structure underlying the problem solving

• Provide instruction in problem solving context

• Promote an abstract understanding of the problem solving knowledge

• Minimize working memory load

• Provide immediate feedback on errors

• Adjust the grain size of instruction with learning

• Facilitate successive approximations to the target skill

Still Only A Lot Of PromisesStill Only A Lot Of Promises

• Education has not been turned upside down

• CAI still better than ICAI

Just To Wake Everyone Up …Just To Wake Everyone Up …