intelligent sustainable liveable cities

Intelligent Sustainable Liveable Intelligent Sustainable Liveable CitiesCities

Professor Derek Clements-CroomeProfessor Derek Clements-Croome

The University of ReadingThe University of Reading

www.derekcroome.com

Walking to Work in Letchworth Walking to Work in Letchworth Garden CityGarden City

1990s

Information via cities’ websites

2000s

City portals for online

information services

2004/5

INTELCITIES

Online web-based eLearning system integrated & inter-

operable with other cities’ platforms

Static and limited online information on administration, policy, strategic planning and land use

Dynamic & interactive services allowing online service transaction related to transport, land use, planning, housing, taxation etc

Knowledge transfer & capacity building via:

-Networked communities-Virtual organizations-Managed learning environments-Learning partnershipsDeveloping platforms for online citizen engagement

2005+

SMART CITIES

Having an e-learningplatform, knowledge management &

library with the org-ware communities needed to support digitally inclusive regeneration

projects across Europe – meeting advanced visualization, simulation

and benchmarking requirements

High level programmes with the intelligence needed to be smart in

meeting the networking, innovation and creativity requirements of

successful partnerships and the ability of digitally inclusive

regeneration programmes to develop the social capital

underlying the modernisation of urban villages and their

neighbourhoods as sustainable communities.

Deakin,M., Intelligent Buildings International Journal 3, 3, 2011

Sustainable Intelligent Cities

Digital (Cyber) Intel

SentientQuality of Life Liveability

Green

ICT Web-Based (e services)

Sensory

Environmental

SocialSmart

Nature

Environmental-Socio-Economic Value

THE CULTURE OF THE CULTURE OF CITIESCITIES

““ A City should be built to give its A City should be built to give its inhabitants security and inhabitants security and happinesshappiness” ” ------AristotleAristotle

An Intelligent City and Liveable City An Intelligent City and Liveable City isis

An Accessible CityAn Accessible City A Business CityA Business City An Attractive CityAn Attractive CityA City for LivingA City for LivingA Just CityA Just City

THE SUSTAINABLE CITY IS:THE SUSTAINABLE CITY IS:

AA J Just Cityust City, where justice, food, shelter, education, , where justice, food, shelter, education, health and hope are fairly distributed and where all health and hope are fairly distributed and where all people participate n government;people participate n government;

A Beautiful City, A Beautiful City, where art, architecture and where art, architecture and landscape spark the imagination and move spirit;landscape spark the imagination and move spirit;

A Creative CityA Creative City, where open-mindedness and , where open-mindedness and experimentation mobilise the full potential of its experimentation mobilise the full potential of its human resources and allows a fast response to change;human resources and allows a fast response to change;

An Ecological City, An Ecological City, which minimises its ecological which minimises its ecological impact, where landscape and built form are balanced impact, where landscape and built form are balanced and where buildings and infrastructures are safe and and where buildings and infrastructures are safe and resource-efficient;resource-efficient;

A City of Easy Contact and MobilityA City of Easy Contact and Mobility, which protects , which protects the countryside, focuses and integrates communities the countryside, focuses and integrates communities within neighbourhoods and maximises proximitywithin neighbourhoods and maximises proximity

A Diverse CityA Diverse City, where a broad range of overlapping , where a broad range of overlapping activities create animation, inspiration and foster a activities create animation, inspiration and foster a vital public life.vital public life.

Cities Should be Planned to Cities Should be Planned to Achieve the Following Achieve the Following

Goals: Goals: economic economic (such as economic revitalization (such as economic revitalization

and development); and development); land useland use (such as compact, mixed use (such as compact, mixed use

development); development); transportation transportation (such as walkability, (such as walkability,

accessibility, and transportation choices); accessibility, and transportation choices); equityequity (such as affordable housing and (such as affordable housing and

mixed-income communities); and mixed-income communities); and community development community development (such as sense (such as sense

of place, safety, and public health). of place, safety, and public health).

Ecological Cities: Economic Ecological Cities: Economic CitiesCities

UrbanizationUrbanization in developing counties is a in developing counties is a defining feature of the 21defining feature of the 21stst century. Some century. Some 90% of global urban growth now takes 90% of global urban growth now takes place in developing countries.place in developing countries.

Eco Cities: Eco Cities: Ecological Cities as Ecological Cities as Economic Economic Cities Cities is a new initiative launched by the is a new initiative launched by the World Bank in order to respond this World Bank in order to respond this challengechallenge

Eco Cities create Eco Cities create economic opportunities economic opportunities for their citizens in an inclusive, for their citizens in an inclusive, sustainable, and resource-efficient way , sustainable, and resource-efficient way , while also protecting and nurturing the while also protecting and nurturing the local ecology and environment generations.local ecology and environment generations.

www.woldbank.org/eco2

““Ecological Cities” Ecological Cities” Defined:Defined:

Neighbourhoods, Cities, and Neighbourhoods, Cities, and MetropolitanMetropolitan

Areas that seek to be:Areas that seek to be: GreenerGreener Safer and HealthierSafer and Healthier More EfficientMore Efficient More People-FriendlyMore People-Friendly More Socially EquitableMore Socially Equitable

The Ecological Cities Project, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, www.ecologicalcities.org

Ecological CitiesEcological Cities mean a good quality mean a good quality of life with minimal natural resources:of life with minimal natural resources:

using using local materialslocal materials, and , and local energy, air and local energy, air and water flowswater flows (sunlight, wind and rain) to best (sunlight, wind and rain) to best advantage.advantage.

incorporating incorporating natural ecosystemsnatural ecosystems into urban areas, into urban areas, to host local wildlife, and to enhance the experience of to host local wildlife, and to enhance the experience of urban public spaces. urban public spaces.

using using vegetationvegetation to control urban microclimates - to to control urban microclimates - to stabilise temperature and humidity. stabilise temperature and humidity.

enhancing the life of the communityenhancing the life of the community and and relationships between people, by creating convivial relationships between people, by creating convivial social environments. social environments.

supporting an supporting an innovative cultureinnovative culture which enables which enables people to flourish and develop their creative potential, people to flourish and develop their creative potential,

and use new technologies to improve liveabilityand use new technologies to improve liveability. . Reference: Urban ecology Australia

Key neighbourhood Key neighbourhood features promoting well-features promoting well-

being being

Personal feelingsPersonal feelings Social feelingsSocial feelings Personal functioningPersonal functioning Social functioningSocial functioning

New Economics Foundation NEF, 2010, Good Foundations: towards a low carbon, high well0being built environment www.neweconomcis.org

The components of place Happiness (pH)

New Economics Foundation NEF, 2010, Good Foundations: towards a low carbon, high well0being built environment www.neweconomcis.org

The components of place Sustainability (pS)

New Economics foundation NEF, 2010, Good Foundations: towards a low carbon, high well0being built environment www.neweconomcis.org

A process for creating sustainable well-A process for creating sustainable well-beingbeing

New Economics foundation NEF, 2010, Good Foundations: towards a low carbon, high well0being built environment www.neweconomcis.org

What is Liveability? What is Liveability?

Liveability is the sum of the factors that Liveability is the sum of the factors that add up to a community’s quality of lifeadd up to a community’s quality of life—including the built and natural —including the built and natural environments, economic prosperity, environments, economic prosperity, social stability and equity, educational social stability and equity, educational opportunity, and cultural, entertainment opportunity, and cultural, entertainment and recreation possibilities.and recreation possibilities.

Partners for Liveable Communities Partners for Liveable Communities Washington, D.C.Washington, D.C.

Humans possess a biologicalHumans possess a biological

inclination to affiliate with natural inclination to affiliate with natural

systems and processes systems and processes instrumental instrumental

with their health and productivity with their health and productivity

Kellert et al (2008) based on Wilson Kellert et al (2008) based on Wilson (1984)(1984)

Nature and Well-BeingNature and Well-Being

Contact with the natural world has Contact with the natural world has benefits for well-beingbenefits for well-being

Chu et al 2004 Journal of Mental Health Chu et al 2004 Journal of Mental Health Promotion 2, 8-17Promotion 2, 8-17

Determinants of Quality of LifeDeterminants of Quality of Life1. Material wellbeing 1. Material wellbeing GDP per personGDP per person

2. Health 2. Health Life expectancy at birthLife expectancy at birth

3. Political stability and security3. Political stability and security

4. Family life 4. Family life Divorce rateDivorce rate

5. 5. Community life Community life Church attendance or trade-union membershipChurch attendance or trade-union membership

6. 6. Climate and geographyClimate and geography

7. 7. Job security Job security Unemployment rateUnemployment rate

8. 8. Political freedom Political freedom Political and civil libertiesPolitical and civil liberties

9. 9. Gender equality Gender equality Average male and female earningsAverage male and female earnings

Sources include EIU 2005; ILO; Freedom House; UN; Euromoitor

Mercer’s Quality of Living Mercer’s Quality of Living CriteriaCriteria

Social IssuesSocial Issues Fuel PovertyFuel Poverty

Effects of Global Warming on PeopleEffects of Global Warming on People

Employment and Job CreationEmployment and Job Creation

Community Lifestyle Community Lifestyle ------Living SpaceLiving Space

Transport Preferences Transport Preferences

Cities as a System of Cities as a System of SystemsSystems

Source: Dirks and Keeling, 2009

Holistic DesignHolistic Design SuBet approach of stakeholder SuBet approach of stakeholder

participative design using analytic participative design using analytic tools such as Analytical Hierarchial tools such as Analytical Hierarchial Processing ( Saaty 2000)Processing ( Saaty 2000)

Integral Sustainable Design ( De Integral Sustainable Design ( De Kay 2011)Kay 2011)

Wicked Problems Solutions ( Wood Wicked Problems Solutions ( Wood et al 2010)et al 2010)

An An Intelligent BuildingIntelligent Building is: is: responsiveresponsive to occupants, organisational and society’s to occupants, organisational and society’s

needs;needs;

sustainablesustainable in terms of energy and water consumption in terms of energy and water consumption and water consumptions besides being;and water consumptions besides being;

lowly pollutinglowly polluting in terms of emissions and waste; in terms of emissions and waste;

healthyhealthy in terms of well-being for the people living and in terms of well-being for the people living and working within it;working within it;

functional functional according to the user needs. according to the user needs.

Clements-Croome, 2009

Sustainable Intelligent Sustainable Intelligent CitiesCities

Sustainable Intelligent Liveable Sustainable Intelligent Liveable CitiesCities are are

composed of composed of intelligent buildingsintelligent buildings and and infrastructuresinfrastructures between them and between them and

the the well-beingwell-being of the residential, of the residential, commercial, and industrial commercial, and industrial communities; andcommunities; and

to meet their to meet their environmentalenvironmental, , economical and social needseconomical and social needs..

Sustainability Sustainability

CharacteristicsCharacteristics Quality of life Quality of life ;;

Respect for the Respect for the natural environment natural environment ;;

Diffusion of technologyDiffusion of technology with purpose ; with purpose ;

SustainSustain for future generations. for future generations.

Sustainability ValuesSustainability Values optimisationoptimisation of key resources; of key resources; maintenancemaintenance scale and capacity; scale and capacity; adoption of a adoption of a systems approachsystems approach; ; support of support of whole life cycleswhole life cycles; ; responsivenessresponsiveness for pro-activity and for pro-activity and

creativity; creativity; value value diversitydiversity; ; preservation of preservation of heritageheritage..

More SustainableMore Sustainable Less SustainableLess SustainableCompact formsCompact forms of residential of residential development. development.

Low-density, spread-out residential Low-density, spread-out residential development development

Mixed land useMixed land use; homes, jobs and ; homes, jobs and shopping in close proximity. shopping in close proximity.

Segregation of land uses: homes, jobs and Segregation of land uses: homes, jobs and shopping separated into uniform tracts or shopping separated into uniform tracts or concentrations concentrations

EmploymentEmployment based primarily on based primarily on education and skills. education and skills.

Employment based primarily on Employment based primarily on environment polluting or non-renewable environment polluting or non-renewable resource based industry resource based industry

Walking and bicycle.Walking and bicycle. Heavy dependence on private cars. Heavy dependence on private cars.

Renewables Renewables like wind and solar like wind and solar energy; micro-generation energy; micro-generation

Thermal and nuclear energy. Thermal and nuclear energy.

Tertiary treatment of sewage; use of Tertiary treatment of sewage; use of natural means of natural means of sewage sewage treatmenttreatment. .

Discharge of sewage into water bodies or Discharge of sewage into water bodies or water-courses untreated or with low level water-courses untreated or with low level of treatment. of treatment.

Protection and use of Protection and use of natural natural hydrologic and systems. hydrologic and systems.

Hard surfaces preventing infiltration; Hard surfaces preventing infiltration; channelling natural water-courses. channelling natural water-courses.

Natural open spaceNatural open space; protection of ; protection of wetlands, woodlands, stream valleys, wetlands, woodlands, stream valleys, habitat, etc.; use of manure, compost, habitat, etc.; use of manure, compost, integrated pest management, etc. integrated pest management, etc.

Destruction of natural landscape; Destruction of natural landscape; "manicured" parkland with exotic "manicured" parkland with exotic species; heavy use of chemical species; heavy use of chemical fertilizers, herbicides, pesticides. fertilizers, herbicides, pesticides.

Reduction of wasteReduction of waste; recovery, re-; recovery, re-use and recycling of waste materials. use and recycling of waste materials.

Landfills, incinerators. Landfills, incinerators.

Green Cities will includeGreen Cities will include

solar powersolar power, , wind turbineswind turbines and and energy-energy-efficient buildingsefficient buildings

dew catchers dew catchers (atmospheric wells)(atmospheric wells) rainwater harvestingrainwater harvesting low-energy desalinationlow-energy desalination electronic sensorselectronic sensors to detect leaky pipes to detect leaky pipes Greywater Greywater will be used to water urban will be used to water urban

crops, grown in vertically stacked high-rise crops, grown in vertically stacked high-rise plots, and the water that is not used by plots, and the water that is not used by plants will be recovered and reusedplants will be recovered and reused

IBM, Water: A global innovation Outlook Report,

1.Mass & Built Form (Minimise Cooling, NV)

2.Facade (Passive Shading, Thermal, Light Trans.)

3.Function (Equipment, Lighting, Daylighting)

4.Systems (NV, Mixed Mode, AC system Choice)

5. Innovation (PV. Solar, Wind, Bio Fuel, Fuel Cells)

$

Return on Investment

Green BuildingsGreen Buildings

Gensler Office Survey 2009

TorontoNew YorkChicagoDublinLondonBirminghamEdinburghParisNiceBarcelonaAbu DhabiDohaDubaiFrankfurtBrusselsRotterdamCopenhagenProvidencialesLuxemburgKo samuiMilanRomeVeniceValenciaHeraklionBerlinSydneyTampaNicosiaMelbourneMombasaMiamiDetroitWashingtonReykjavik

Learning from World CitiesLearning from World CitiesLearning from World CitiesLearning from World Cities

Lessons from the PastLots of poor examplesPopulation is risingEnvironmental cost of sprawl (pollution)Sprawl leads to large increases in CO2Increased dependency on the automobileTaking the wealth from the city (Detroit)Impact of healthReligious and racial segregationEconomic degrading

Un-Sustainable Urbanism

Los Angeles

Although cities cover only 2% of the earth’s surface, consume 75% of all resources and produce 75% of all waste. Dr Richard Jackson – Centre for Disease Control and Prevention

Urban Sprawl = Obesity

EIU's ten 'best' EIU's ten 'best' cities in the worldcities in the world

2011 Rank (2010)

City Country

1 (3) Melbourne Australia

2 (2) Vienna Austria3 (1) Vancouver Canada

4 (4) Toronto Canada5 (5) Calgary Canada6 (7) Sydney Australia

7 (6) Helsinki Finland=8 (=8) Perth Australia

9 (=8) Adelaide Australia

10 (10) Auckland New Zealand

2011 Rank (2010)

City Country

131 Abidjan Ivory Coast

132 Tehran Iran

133 Douala Cameron

134 Karachi Pakistan

135 Tripoli Libya

136 Algiers Algeria

137 Lagos Nigeria

138Port Moresby

Papua New Guinea

139 Dhaka Bangladesh

140 Harare Zimbabwe

EIU's ten ‘worst' cities in the world

Economist Intelligent Survey (EIU) 2010

Urban Form and Urban Form and

SustainabilitySustainability

Urban forms Urban forms (e.g. urban villages, (e.g. urban villages, urban renaissance & regeneration, urban renaissance & regeneration,

intensification, compact city etc.)intensification, compact city etc.) are are claimed to be:claimed to be:– spatially sustainablespatially sustainable– environmentally soundenvironmentally sound– efficient for transportefficient for transport– socially beneficialsocially beneficial– economically viableeconomically viable

Jenks 2003

Making a DifferenceMaking a DifferenceReusing urban land

Reclaiming the streets

Social vitality

Human scale development

Participation

Shift to public transport, cycling & walking

Sustainable urban forms

Economic viability

Jenks 2003

Economi

c

Growth

Social

Progres

s

Environment

al

Stewardship Eco

Efficienc

y

Socio

Enviro

Sustain

abilitySocio

Economic

Environmental Environmental StewardshipStewardshipClean AirWaterLand Emissions ReductionZero WasteReleases and SpillsBiodiversity

Social ProgressSocial ProgressDiversityHuman RightsCommunity OutreachLabour Relations

Economic GrowthEconomic GrowthInnovationCapital EfficiencyRisk ManagementMargin ImprovementGrowth EnhancementShareholder Return

Socio-EconomicSocio-EconomicJob CreationSkills EnhancementLocal Economic Impacts

Eco - EfficiencyEco - EfficiencyResource EfficiencyProduct StewardshipLife-Cycle Management

Social Social EnvironmentalEnvironmentalSafety and HealthEnvironmental RegulationsClimate ChangeAccess to Potable WaterEnvironmental Justice

Sustainable Sustainable MasterplanningMasterplanning

Some Existing Assessment Some Existing Assessment MethodsMethods

World map showing countries using the four predominate ranking systems

Source: Council for Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat

SuBET Tool is a comprehensive, international, voluntary sustainable rating scheme and assessment tool.

Evaluates the sustainable design and performance of a major master plan

The tool was developed for the construction and property industry in order to:

• Establish a common language• Set a standard measurement• Promote integrated design• Recognize environmental leadership• Encourage stakeholders involvement • Identify building life-cycle impact• Raise awareness of sustainable urban planning benefits

SuBET is ©Copyright of Hilson Moran Partnership Ltd, Professor Derek Clements-Croome of Reading University and Dr Hasam Al Waer of Dundee University

SuBET SuBET SuBET SuBET

Social DiversitySocial DiversityEcological biodiversityEcological biodiversitySocial Hubs & Open SpaceSocial Hubs & Open SpaceStreet designStreet designTransit Services UrbanismTransit Services UrbanismWaste, Water, Energy & Pollution Management Waste, Water, Energy & Pollution Management High Performance InfrastructuresHigh Performance InfrastructuresBuilt Form and InterrelationshipsBuilt Form and Interrelationships

Master Planning Sustainable Built Environment Tool

SuBET

Master Planning Sustainable Built Environment Tool

SuBET

, , Al-Waer H ,Clements-Croome D J,2010,Building and Environment,45,799-807

The selection of sustainability indicators The selection of sustainability indicators is based on a whole life model which is based on a whole life model which

focuses on: focuses on: PeoplePeople (owners; occupants) (owners; occupants)

ProductsProducts (building quality, materials; fabric; (building quality, materials; fabric;structurestructure;; facilities; equipment; services); and facilities; equipment; services); and

Processes Processes (automation;(automation;systemssystems; ; commissioning; maintenance; post -commissioning; maintenance; post -

occupancy evaluation) and theoccupancy evaluation) and the InterrelationshipsInterrelationships between them in between them in

accordance with the phases of planning, design, accordance with the phases of planning, design, construction, operation, maintenance, recycling construction, operation, maintenance, recycling and disposal .and disposal .

3 Groups Up To 90 Indicators

10 Sub Groups

Sustainability Dimensions

SuBETSuBET

Land Use & Ecology

Mobility

Water

Energy & Natural ResourcesMaterial, Recycling & WastePollution

Usability

Place Making

Cultural & Perceptual

Costs & Economics


Environmental Group

Social Cultural Group

Economic Group

SuBET Groups and Indicators SuBET Groups and Indicators (environmental)(environmental)

Land and Ecology Water Site Selection: Reuse of Land and Protecting

Productive Land Remediation Minimising Ecological Impacts Construction: Processing Ecological Value Ecosystem Enhancement Compact Development Land Use and Ecology Innovation

Responsible Water Supply Flood Risk Water Quality Eliminate Potable Water for Site Irrigation Reduce Water Consumption for Daily Use Waste and Strom Water Management Smart Metering Water Water Innovation

Mobility Energy and Climate Change Smart Location Street network Public Transport Proximity and Frequency of

Existing Infrastructure Public Transport Provision of New Structure Low Carbon Transport Systems Parking Minimisation Bicycle and Pedestrian Network Proximity to Community Services Travel Survey Mobility Innovation

Urban Grid Optimisation Reduce Heat Island Effect Energy Efficient External Lighting Energy Efficient Building Renewable Energy Generation and Use Energy Metering and Energy Strategy Climate Change: Vulnerability and Adaptation Energy and Natural Resources Innovation

Pollution Air quality and Odours Noise and Light Pollution Electromagnetic Fields Pollution Innovation

SuBET Groups and Indicators (social, SuBET Groups and Indicators (social, cultural and economiccultural and economic))

Material, Recycling & Waste Cultural ad Perceptual Reuse of Structure, Infrastructure and Materials Design for Disassembly, Adaptability, Re-Use or

Recycling Local Sourced Materials Sustainable Sourcing of Biological Products Storage of Recyclable Waste Hazardous Materials Site Waste Management Plan Material, Recycling Innovation

Amenity and Wellbeing Community Cohesion Community Involvement Current Local Reputation Neighbourhood Safety Community and Health Sustainable behaviour Social Inclusive community

Usability Costs and Economics Quality of Street Space Access to Public Space Universal Accessibility Diversity of Uses & Housing Types Housing Density Space and Standards

Viability of New Infrastructure Housing Demand Affordable housing Local Prosperity Potential/Availability for Employment Local Food Production Maintenance: Minimisation of the Whole Life-Cycle

Cost Skills and Knowledge of Operating Staff

Place Making Landscape Design Scale, Massing and Height Local Materials, Frontage and Details Integration and Reuse of Historical Buildings Active Frontages Visual & Physical Connectivity

3 Levels of Weightings

1 2 3

SuBET Levels of WeightingsSuBET Levels of Weightings


Singapore

Frankfurt

TOKYO

Brazil

Top 5 Cities WorldwideTop 5 Cities Worldwide

Top 5 cities: Quality of living ranking

Top 5 cities: Personal safety ranking

•Vienna, Austria (1st)•Zurich, Switzerland (2nd)•Auckland, New Zealand (3rd)•Munich, Germany (4th)•Vancouver, Canada (tied 5th)•Düsseldorf, Germany (tied 5th)

•Luxembourg, Luxembourg(1st)•Bern, Switzerland (tied 2nd)•Helsinki, Finland (tied 2nd)•Zurich, Switzerland (tied 2nd)•Vienna, Austria (5th)

Mercer2011 Quality of Living ranking highlights

Top 5 Cities by RegionTop 5 Cities by Region

Americas Asia Pacific EuropeMiddle East & Africa

•Vancouver (5th)•Ottawa (14th)•Toronto (15th)•Montreal (22nd)•Honolulu (29th)

•Auckland (3rd)•Sydney (11th)•Wellington (13th)•Melbourne (18th)•Perth (21st)

•Vienna (1st)•Zurich (2nd)•Munich (4th)•Dusseldorf (5th)•Frankfurt (7th)

•Dubai (74th)•Abu Dhabi (78th)•Port Louis (82nd)•Cape Town (88th)•Johannesburg (94th)

Quality of living ranking


Personal Safety RankingAmericas Asia Pacific Europe

Middle East & Africa

•Calgary (tied 17th)•Montreal (tied 17th)•Ottawa (tied 17th)•Toronto (tied 17th)•Vancouver (tied 17th)

•Singapore (8th) •Auckland (tied 9th)•Wellington (tied 9th)•Canberra (tied 25th)•Melbourne (tied 25th)•Perth (tied 25th)•Sydney (tied 25th)

•Luxembourg (1st)•Bern (tied 2nd)•Helsinki (tied 2nd)•Zurich (tied 2nd)•Vienna (5th)

•Abu Dhabi (23rd)•Muscat (29th)•Dubai(39th)•Port Louis (59th)•Doha (67th)


MOBILITYMOBILITY

TransMilenio and Urban Renewal in Bogotá

Applicability of Bogotá’s TransMilenio BRT System to the United States May 2006

MasdarMasdar

Masdar - The Sustainable Desert City: A Theoretical Mirage or A Realistic Possibility? Gabriel Tang

Shaded Courtyards and Walkways within the development paints a desert idyll of tranquility. Image courtesy of Foster +Partners Masdar - The Sustainable Desert City: A Theoretical Mirage or A

Realistic Possibility? Gabriel Tang

Innovations likely to Innovations likely to impact societyimpact society

A city’s real intelligence is in A city’s real intelligence is in its citizensits citizens

While the new technologies will help us to While the new technologies will help us to

see farther, understand better and operate see farther, understand better and operate faster, only humans can make the faster, only humans can make the cognitive leaps to recombine ideas and cognitive leaps to recombine ideas and generate the radical innovations to generate the radical innovations to address the most important challenges-address the most important challenges-and mobilize for action in the real world. and mobilize for action in the real world.

Rodin , J, Cities that ask right questions in Piedmont-Palladino S C, Intelligent Cities, 2011 National Building Museum,p11

Some Key Technologies Affecting City Planning

Sources: Freeman and Perez (1988) and Hall (1999)

The World Economic Forum's (WEF's) Global Agenda Council The World Economic Forum's (WEF's) Global Agenda Council on Emerging Technologies listed the top 10 emerging on Emerging Technologies listed the top 10 emerging technologies it believes will have the greatest impact on the technologies it believes will have the greatest impact on the state of the world in 2012.state of the world in 2012.

1. Informatics for adding value to information1. Informatics for adding value to information

2. Synthetic biology and metabolic engineering2. Synthetic biology and metabolic engineering

3. Green Revolution 2.0 - technologies for increased food and 3. Green Revolution 2.0 - technologies for increased food and biomassbiomass

4. Nanoscale design of materials 4. Nanoscale design of materials

5. Systems biology and computational modelling/simulation of 5. Systems biology and computational modelling/simulation of chemical and biological systemschemical and biological systems

6. Utilization of carbon dioxide as a resource6. Utilization of carbon dioxide as a resource

7. Wireless power 7. Wireless power

8. High energy density power systems8. High energy density power systems

9. Personalized medicine, nutrition and disease prevention9. Personalized medicine, nutrition and disease prevention

10. Enhanced education technology10. Enhanced education technology

This not a definitive list but does express a collection of This not a definitive list but does express a collection of views from a body of people with a wealth of experience.views from a body of people with a wealth of experience.

Minimum Recommendations Minimum Recommendations

Systems and holistic thinkingSystems and holistic thinking

Take into account Take into account symbiosis of city with symbiosis of city with Nature and local culturesNature and local cultures

Plan for walkable cities integrated with Plan for walkable cities integrated with

public transport and cycling systemspublic transport and cycling systems

Eco-cities:Eco-cities:

RecommendationsRecommendations Assess the Assess the impacts of the buildingsimpacts of the buildings on occupants on occupants

and communities nearby using a combination of and communities nearby using a combination of assessment tools (Al-Waer and Clements-Croome assessment tools (Al-Waer and Clements-Croome 2010)2010)

Peoples behaviourPeoples behaviour has a large effect on the has a large effect on the consumption and the ways in which resources are consumption and the ways in which resources are usedused

Wireless sensor technologiesWireless sensor technologies are rapidly are rapidly becoming applicable in monitoring the performance of becoming applicable in monitoring the performance of systems and infrastructures besides increasing human systems and infrastructures besides increasing human awareness of their impact on systems performanceawareness of their impact on systems performance

Coherent data management systems Coherent data management systems are are important to give feedback on the performance of important to give feedback on the performance of different spaces in the building. different spaces in the building.

RecommendationsRecommendations Use a Use a whole life performancewhole life performance approach to approach to

ensure that quality as well as whole life costs ensure that quality as well as whole life costs are taken into accountare taken into account

Aim for Aim for simplicitysimplicity rather than complexity in rather than complexity in operationoperation

ConnectivityConnectivity is important so there is is important so there is interoperabilityinteroperability between the infrastructures, between the infrastructures, the systems and the people using themthe systems and the people using them

Plan and design for Plan and design for flexibility and flexibility and adaptability.adaptability.

RecommendationsRecommendations Think of the city and buildings within it as Think of the city and buildings within it as organisms organisms

responding to human, social and environmental needsresponding to human, social and environmental needs

Plan the Plan the facilities managementfacilities management so the city and so the city and communities are cared forcommunities are cared for

Design beyond the expectations defined in Design beyond the expectations defined in Regulations Regulations

Keep abreast of the relevant fields of Keep abreast of the relevant fields of knowledgeLearn from other sectors and disciplinesknowledgeLearn from other sectors and disciplines

Learn from other sectors and disciplinesLearn from other sectors and disciplines

Remember the city is Remember the city is a legacy for future generationsa legacy for future generations

The Systems IntegratorThe Systems Integratorensures all the stakeholders are integrated ensures all the stakeholders are integrated into the project, and needs the following into the project, and needs the following skills:skills:

experience of experience of how systems can be how systems can be integratedintegrated;;

an an ability to think strategically and ability to think strategically and innovatively across disciplines; innovatively across disciplines; logistic skillslogistic skills;;

good leadership and good leadership and communication skills.communication skills.

The choice of a systems integrator The choice of a systems integrator dependsdepends

on these skills rather than disciplineson these skills rather than disciplines..

Ten Rules for Building Ten Rules for Building GreenGreen

VisionaryVisionary Design and Planning Design and Planning Choose Choose Sustainable SiteSustainable Site Assess Assess Value Value balancing balancing QualityQuality and and Whole Life Whole Life

CostCost Make Site Plan Work with Make Site Plan Work with Intelligent InfrastructuresIntelligent Infrastructures Landscape:Landscape: Green Roofs and Green Roofs and Spaces.Spaces. Use Effective Use Effective Built FormBuilt Form Judicious Use of Judicious Use of Technology as an EnablerTechnology as an Enabler Save and ManageSave and Manage Energy, Water, Waste and Energy, Water, Waste and

PollutionPollution Select Select Low VOC MaterialsLow VOC Materials Use Use Green ConstructionGreen Construction

Lockwood, C., 2006, Building the Green Way, Harvard Business Review

UK GBC Vision of the FutureUK GBC Vision of the Future

www.ukgbc.org

Case StudiesCase Studies

Green Mega City: Lilypads by Green Mega City: Lilypads by Vincent CallebautVincent Callebaut

http://www.popsci.com/futurecity/plan.html

These Lilypads are constructed with a titanium dioxide skin to absorb CO2

Green Mega City: Lilypads by Green Mega City: Lilypads by Vincent CallebautVincent Callebaut


Green Mega City: Green Mega City: Lilypads by Vincent Lilypads by Vincent

CallebautCallebaut Solar energy from paint containing solar Solar energy from paint containing solar

nanoparticlesnanoparticles Clear water from desalinationClear water from desalination Robotic maintenanceRobotic maintenance Bubble HousesBubble Houses Phase change materials give temperature Phase change materials give temperature

regulationregulation Hydroponic farmsHydroponic farms Plant water from sewage filtered via zebra musselsPlant water from sewage filtered via zebra mussels 10 storey concrete tower with embedded 10 storey concrete tower with embedded

photovoltaicsphotovoltaics Geothermal wells for heating/coolingGeothermal wells for heating/cooling


TheThe Arab World Institute in Arab World Institute in Paris Paris

Institut du Monde Arabe(IMA)Institut du Monde Arabe(IMA)By Jean NouvelBy Jean Nouvel

1981-19871981-1987

His first nationally recognised project. Received the Aga Khan Award for Architecture 1987-1989.

Helped him to win the 1988 Grand Prix d’Architecture.

This grid elevation contain 240 units16000 moving parts

Works like a lens of a camera a mosaic-patterned

block

a jewel a precious clockwork mechanism

- Maintenance

- Power

- Heat

MashrabyMashrabyyayaDelicate exterior element

Cooling water

Shading

Filtration air from dust

Privacy

Has several uses such as

curtain, air conditioner and refrigerator

The unique use of high-tech The unique use of high-tech photosensitive mechanical devices photosensitive mechanical devices made this building famous in 1987.made this building famous in 1987.

Nowadays its still widely known and Nowadays its still widely known and hasn’t lost its futuristic impression buthasn’t lost its futuristic impression but

the facade system no longer works.the facade system no longer works.

Van Poucke on 31/ 01/ 2011, under on 31/ 01/ 2011, under History, , Technology : Kinetic : Kinetic Architecture.netArchitecture.net

MATERIALS and SURFACE MATERIALS and SURFACE TREATMENTSTREATMENTS

Plants and Air PurityPlants and Air Purity ArecaAreca Palm Palm converts CO2 to O2-- need 4 shoulder converts CO2 to O2-- need 4 shoulder

height plants per personheight plants per person

Mother-in-Laws Tongue Mother-in-Laws Tongue converts CO2 to O2 during converts CO2 to O2 during the night-- need 6-8 waist high plants per personthe night-- need 6-8 waist high plants per person

Money Plant Money Plant absorbs formaldehyde and VOCsabsorbs formaldehyde and VOCs

Plants can increase blood oxygen levels and decrease Plants can increase blood oxygen levels and decrease building sickness symptons like eye irritations, building sickness symptons like eye irritations, headaches; asthma; respiratory and lung problemsheadaches; asthma; respiratory and lung problems

Research carried out by Kamal Meattle , Research carried out by Kamal Meattle , CEO ,Paharpur Business centre & Software CEO ,Paharpur Business centre & Software Technology Incubator Park in New DelhiTechnology Incubator Park in New Delhi

UV PCOUV PCO

Photocatalytic Oxidation (PCO) or Photocatylisis is the opposite of photosynthesis.

PCO is a natural process whereby Ultra Violet light energy reacts with the mineral Titanium Dioxide (TiO2), triggering a chemical process that safely and instantly oxidizes or breaks up organic matter at a molecular level.

As a catalyst, TiO2 continues to work and is not consumed in the process.

www.pureti.co.uk

PURETi treated surfaces work with nature to purify air quality including:

Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs)

Smog incorporating NOx and organic Particulate Matter.

Odours from methane – such as tobacco smoke, human and agricultural waste.

Methane / Formaldehyde

Indoors on windows and lighting

Outdoors on building exteriors, hardscapes, asphalt and concrete.

Improving Air QualityImproving Air Quality

www.pureti.co.uk

PURETi helps restore and maintain a healthy living and working environments.Clinically proven to reduce the riskof infection, allergies and disease

Indoors on windows and lighting

Outdoors on building exteriors, hardscapes, asphalt and concrete.

Health and WellbeingHealth and Wellbeing

www.pureti.co.uk

Type 2 Approved Type 2 Medical Device

Beautiful architecture and design can be protected and easily maintained.Entire streetscapes, from buildings to signposts, road markings to advertising billboards, can be kept cleaner for longer, ensuring greater efficiency.

Protecting AestheticsProtecting Aesthetics

www.pureti.co.uk

SolarSolar

Not Treated

Treated

PURETI UV-PCO IS THE ANSWER!One Application Works for 3-5 Years!

Uses Light to Clean – Not Chemicals!

Cuts Maintenance Cost and Time by >50%NON COATED

Soiling de-rates PV solar 4%/25% Thermal Solar by upto 50%

PURETi reduces soiling reducing cleaning costs (50%) improving output.

PURETi is also known to have huge impacts on output in extreme temperatures.

www.pureti.co.uk

Smog Eating Smog Eating ArchitectureArchitecture

Dives in Misericordia (Rome) by US Architect Richard Meier.

Structure and sails were constructed using photocatalytic / active cement. TiO2 was employed not only to keep the building white but also reduce air pollution.

www.pureti.co.uk

Il Duomo – Milan, ItalyIl Duomo – Milan, ItalyIl Duomo – Milan, ItalyTrial controlled by Professor Claudia L. Bianchi; University. of Milan, Chemistry Department.

Trial of4 areas of the recently cleaned Duomo – 2 sculptured reliefs located at the base, a wall set in the middle section and roof panels.

www.pureti.co.uk

Phase Change MaterialsPhase Change Materials

The RACUS® ceiling tile incorporates a bio-based The RACUS® ceiling tile incorporates a bio-based phase change material which captures and stores phase change material which captures and stores excess heat gains from within the building which excess heat gains from within the building which reduces the need for air conditioning. reduces the need for air conditioning.

The phase change material is a composition of The phase change material is a composition of vegetable oils and fatty acids which are vegetable oils and fatty acids which are microencapsulated within an acrylic polymer shell microencapsulated within an acrylic polymer shell that are embedded within the ceiling tile.“that are embedded within the ceiling tile.“

"RACUS"RACUS®® stands for Reducing Air Conditioning stands for Reducing Air Conditioning Units and Systems. Units and Systems.

Microencapsulated Bio-based PCM

VEGETABLE OIL & FATTY ACID

PCM CORE

ACRYLIC POLYMER SHELL

28262420

18

Infra-red Thermal Imaging

19°CRoom Temp.with RACUS®

20°C22°C24°C22°C

20°C

Room Temp. without RACUS®

24°C

""As the room temperature begins to reach 24°C, As the room temperature begins to reach 24°C, the phase change material, which starts off in a the phase change material, which starts off in a solid state, begins to melt within the shell and solid state, begins to melt within the shell and absorbs the excess latent heat from the absorbs the excess latent heat from the surrounding environment throughout the day. surrounding environment throughout the day.

As the room temperature cools to below 20°C, As the room temperature cools to below 20°C, the phase change materials slowly begins to the phase change materials slowly begins to solidify and release the stored latent heat back solidify and release the stored latent heat back into the building. It performs through a natural into the building. It performs through a natural passive process continually day after day, year passive process continually day after day, year after year.“after year.“

GROUND SOURCE GROUND SOURCE COOLINGCOOLING

Underground Thermal Underground Thermal Energy Storage; The Energy Storage; The

PrinciplePrinciple UTES is a system which utilises Interseasonal Heat Transfer (IHT). This UTES is a system which utilises Interseasonal Heat Transfer (IHT). This involves the storage of excess energyinvolves the storage of excess energy

from summer for use in winter heating applications, and the storage of from summer for use in winter heating applications, and the storage of cooling potential from wintercooling potential from winter

for free cooling in summer. for free cooling in summer.

• Cool Store • Warm Store

Cooling Buildings

Warming Buildings

Heat Gain

Heat Losses

Free Cooling

Heat Pump

ATES - Aquifer Thermal ATES - Aquifer Thermal Energy StorageEnergy Storage

Environmental Aspects Environmental Aspects of Masdar Cityof Masdar City

Keith Calder Keith Calder of Norman Foster and of Norman Foster and

PartnersPartners

Environmental Design Response │ March 2012

90% recycled aluminium facade reflecting light

Indirect light bounced into apartment

Highly insulated fully sealed façade

GRC elements and mashrabiya screens provide protection from direct sunlight

Undulated balconies provide privacy and shading

GRC with low thermal mass Fast responsive system cooling down very quickly to reduce heat gain

Residential Façade – Concept and PerformanceResidential Façade – Concept and Performance


Student Accommodation – Façade DesignStudent Accommodation – Façade DesignSolar Screens

Low Thermal Mass

Patterned screens provide privacy

control

Ventilated Cavity

Double skin avoids convection gain

Recycled Aluminium

Reflects light to street

High thermal conductivity -

cools down quickly

Highly Insulated

U-Value

0.19 W/m2K

Highly Sealed

3m3/m2/hr


ETFE cushions filter direct sunlight and mirror finish foil reflects the light into the public realm

Windows located where required for views and daylight

Highly insulated and fully sealed façade

Lightweight ETFE cushions absorb energy to avoid heat radiating back into the street

Passive shading devices to eliminate direct solar gain

Indirect lightbounced into research spaces

Laboratory Facade – Concept and PerformanceLaboratory Facade – Concept and Performance


Laboratory – Facade DesignLaboratory – Facade DesignSolar Shading

Glare free daylight and solar control

Positioned to maintain views

out

ETFE cushions

Low Thermal Mass

Lightweight

Non-stick coating

Lightweight Frame

Air gap for heat buffer

Reflective Foil

Light to narrow streets

Heat rejection layer

Highly Insulated

U-Value

0.19 W/m2K

Highly Sealed

3m3/m2/hr


Laboratory FaçadeLaboratory Façade – Prototype Offsite Testing – Prototype Offsite Testing

CWCT Test Methods for Curtain Walling

CWTC = Centre for Window and Cladding Technology

• Air Infiltration test• Static water pressure test• Dynamic water pressure test• Wind serviceability test (deflections)• Wind safety load test (strength)• Hose test


Abu Dhabi – Typical StreetAbu Dhabi – Typical Street

Radiant temperature 52°C39°C Air temperature

Abu Dhabi is not very successful at controlling microclimate. Abu Dhabi is not very successful at controlling microclimate. As seen in the images , the temperatures sensed and As seen in the images , the temperatures sensed and surface temperatures are well above the traditional thermal surface temperatures are well above the traditional thermal comfort range. There are various reasons for this.comfort range. There are various reasons for this.


Abu Dhabi – Typical StreetAbu Dhabi – Typical Street

Asphalt57°C

Radiant temperature 52°C39°C Air temperature

Building38°C

20°C 50°C

Presence of cars as heat sources and Presence of cars as heat sources and ubiquitous presence of asphalts lead to ubiquitous presence of asphalts lead to ground surface temperatures above 50 ground surface temperatures above 50 deg C. We measured 51.6 C at midday deg C. We measured 51.6 C at midday in September. They would be possibly in September. They would be possibly higher in mid summer months!higher in mid summer months!


Courtyard - Pool of Coolness


Courtyard- Pool of Coolness

20°C 50°C

Dry ground (shade)33°C

Wet ground (shade)27°C


Street ComparisonStreet ComparisonHamdan Street, Central Abu Dhabi

Masdar City, Abu Dhabi


Street ComparisonStreet Comparison

20°C 50°C

39°C Air temperature

Ground Surface Temperature57°C

Radiant Temperature37°C

Ground Surface Temperature33°C

Radiant Temperature52°C

The Camels NoseThe Camels Nose

To keep sand from To keep sand from blowing into their blowing into their noses, camels can noses, camels can shut their nostrils.shut their nostrils.

When there is no sand When there is no sand blowing in the wind, a blowing in the wind, a camel can open its camel can open its nostrils nostrils (A)(A) and and breathe through its breathe through its nose. nose.

When the wind starts to When the wind starts to whip up the sand, the whip up the sand, the camel just closes its camel just closes its nose nose (B)(B)..

http://www.allsinai.info/sites/fauna/camel.htm

The camel's nose acts as both a humidifier and a The camel's nose acts as both a humidifier and a dehumidifier with every breathing cycle. dehumidifier with every breathing cycle.

The hot, dry air that is The hot, dry air that is inhaled inhaled passes over the large area passes over the large area of moist membrane. This air is immediately of moist membrane. This air is immediately humidifiedhumidified by by picking up moisture from the nose and cooled in the picking up moisture from the nose and cooled in the process,. This cooler air passes to the lungs and remains at process,. This cooler air passes to the lungs and remains at approximately body temperature.approximately body temperature.

When it isWhen it is exhaled exhaled, it is cooled even further by passing , it is cooled even further by passing over the same nasal membranes, this time by a process of over the same nasal membranes, this time by a process of dehumidifyingdehumidifying instead of humidifying. The nasal instead of humidifying. The nasal membranes are coated with a special water-absorbing membranes are coated with a special water-absorbing substance that extracts the moisture from the air like the substance that extracts the moisture from the air like the cooling coils of a dehumidifier. cooling coils of a dehumidifier.

A net savings of 68 percent in the water usually lost A net savings of 68 percent in the water usually lost through respiration occurs just between the cooling and through respiration occurs just between the cooling and drying phases of the breathing cycle.drying phases of the breathing cycle.

Vertical garden Vertical garden cities and buildingscities and buildings

EDIBLE ARCHITECTUREEDIBLE ARCHITECTURE

DNA-inspired DNA-inspired twisting Agora twisting Agora

Garden underway in Garden underway in Taipei City by Vincent Taipei City by Vincent

Callebaut Callebaut

Asian Cairns in Shenzhen Asian Cairns in Shenzhen

by Vincent by Vincent Callebaut Callebaut 20132013

Six buildings on 70 acres produce Six buildings on 70 acres produce their own food and generate energy their own food and generate energy using PV solar and axial wind using PV solar and axial wind turbines.turbines.

Each ‘pebble’ can be for different Each ‘pebble’ can be for different uses. Orchards, vegetablesuses. Orchards, vegetables and and gardens are planted within and gardens are planted within and outside the buildingsoutside the buildings

Cybertecture Egg-Shaped Cybertecture Egg-Shaped BuildingBuilding

Cybertecture New form Cybertecture New form ArchitectureArchitecture

James Law Cybertecture Designs James Law Cybertecture Designs

Technosphere

The Capital The Vasukamal (The Fountain Head)


Profile:Location: Mumbai, IndiaPurpose: Office Building

Completion date: End of 2010Organization: James Law Cybertecture company


Intelligent building Management SystemIntelligent building Management System

-Use of control and automation services-Use of control and automation services

-Achieve the best interior and exterior -Achieve the best interior and exterior building performancebuilding performance

-Responding to the occupants’ satisfaction -Responding to the occupants’ satisfaction regarding to the building performanceregarding to the building performance


shape of the building shape of the building visual sense visual sense

intangible materialsintangible materials

High space flexibilityHigh space flexibility


Sky GardensSky Gardens

-Structure used to protect-Structure used to protect

the building, by enabling the building, by enabling

sun shading and providingsun shading and providing

a refreshing atmospherea refreshing atmosphere

to the building.to the building.

- Use of solar PV and windUse of solar PV and wind

turbine system at the rooftopturbine system at the rooftop


Intelligent glass facade systemIntelligent glass facade system

-approximately 15% less surface area than -approximately 15% less surface area than conventional buildingsconventional buildings

-glass panels Solar gain -glass panels Solar gain

Heat gain Heat gain

-Stress mitigation-Stress mitigation

-- Stress mitigationStress mitigation


Indoor comfortIndoor comfort

- “Best space to work in” - “Best space to work in” J.L. CybertectureJ.L. Cybertecture

- ‘‘Cybertecture Health’ Cybertecture Health’ providesprovides

Interactive featuresInteractive features

Presents people’s health Presents people’s health statistics such as blood statistics such as blood

pressure and weightpressure and weight

CARBON POSITIVE CARBON POSITIVE BUILDINGSBUILDINGS

Arificial Leaf can Arificial Leaf can generate hydrogengenerate hydrogen

DDan an NNoceraocera atat HarvardHarvard

HHydrogenydrogen P Productionroduction inin LLeaveseaves

AArtificialrtificial L Leafeaf M Mechanism echanism U Usingsing S Sunlightunlight andand

WWaterater

HHydrogenydrogen P Producingroducing FFaçadeaçade

A WA Waterater W Wallall withwith A Artificialrtificial LLeaveseaves I Immersedmmersed W Withinithin

SSunlightunlight R Radiatesadiates C Causingausing RReactioneaction

HHydrogenydrogen P Producedroduced

Hydrogen Producing Hydrogen Producing Artificial Leaf Facade Artificial Leaf Facade

RecommendatioRecommendationsns

Tenets for Intelligent Tenets for Intelligent Buildings Buildings

Plan and design with an Plan and design with an Integrated TIntegrated Teameam so that clients, so that clients, consultants, contractors, facilities consultants, contractors, facilities managers all develop a commitment to managers all develop a commitment to the project and want to fulfil the the project and want to fulfil the environmental, social and environmental, social and economic aims.economic aims.

Systems and holistic thinkingSystems and holistic thinking are key.are key.

Assess the Assess the impactsimpacts of the buildings of the buildings on occupants and communities on occupants and communities nearby. nearby.

Occupants Occupants behaviourbehaviour has a large effect on the has a large effect on the consumption of energy and water so consumption of energy and water so try to increase awareness of try to increase awareness of occupants to the occupants to the impact of their actions on impact of their actions on resources.resources.

Aim to increase the Aim to increase the built asset built asset value value for the organisation for the organisation

Understand Understand users perceptionsusers perceptions: : understand the physical and understand the physical and psychological well-being. psychological well-being.

Design for FlexibleDesign for Flexible and and agile agile spacespace

Provide Individual controlProvide Individual control of of environmental conditionsenvironmental conditions

Use smart meteringUse smart metering but but wireless wireless sensor technology sensor technology becoming becoming applicable applicable in building operation for personal use bin building operation for personal use by consumers. y consumers.

Develop Develop data management systemsdata management systems

to give feedback on the performance oto give feedback on the performance of f spaces in the building.spaces in the building.

Understand the Understand the interactioninteraction between between the the building, systems and the building, systems and the occupantsoccupants

Commission pre-occupancyCommission pre-occupancy and and post-occupancy evaluationpost-occupancy evaluation are are vital.vital.

Use a Use a whole life valuewhole life value approach to approach to

ensure ensure qualitquality and y and whole life costswhole life costs c considered.onsidered.

Aim for Aim for simplicitysimplicity rather than rather than complexity in operation.complexity in operation.

Think about Think about well-being and well-being and freshness freshness besides comfort andbesides comfort and

consider consider all the sensesall the senses and how air, and how air, view, daylight, sound, colour ,greenery view, daylight, sound, colour ,greenery and space affect us in the workplace.and space affect us in the workplace.

ConnectivityConnectivity is important for is important for

InteroperabilityInteroperability not only between not only between the the systems and the building but also betsystems and the building but also between the occupant and the buildingween the occupant and the building

Design for Design for flexibility and adaptabilflexibility and adaptabilityity

Think of an Intelligent Building as an Think of an Intelligent Building as an organismorganism responding to human and environmental needs responding to human and environmental needs but also one that needs to “breathe” but also one that needs to “breathe” through the facade between the external and through the facade between the external and internal environments.internal environments.

The The façadefaçade transfers light, solar radiation, air, transfers light, solar radiation, air, noise, and moisture but also links occupants to noise, and moisture but also links occupants to the outside world so intelligent or smart facades the outside world so intelligent or smart facades allow these aspects to be controlled in a way allow these aspects to be controlled in a way which is functional but alsowhich is functional but also

Design environment to be enjoyableDesign environment to be enjoyable to those working and living inside the building.to those working and living inside the building.

Balance efficiency with effectiveness.Balance efficiency with effectiveness. An air supply system for example can An air supply system for example can

deliver the “right” amount of air deliver the “right” amount of air to a space and be deemed efficient but to a space and be deemed efficient but may not be effective in the space becausmay not be effective in the space because it has no impact on the breathing zone e it has no impact on the breathing zone where the people are.where the people are.

Plan Plan facilities managementfacilities management so the buil so the building is cared fording is cared for

Design beyond the expectations defined in Regulations.

Keep abreast of relevant fields of knowledge and innovation.

Learn from other sectors and disciplines

Develop an integrated approach to education to meet sustainable agenda

FUTURESFUTURES Carbon negative buildings like artificial leaf Carbon negative buildings like artificial leaf

hydrogen generating facades alsohydrogen generating facades also algae biofuel facadesalgae biofuel facades Green living facadesGreen living facades Applications of biomimeticsApplications of biomimetics Smart materials for reactive Smart materials for reactive

facades;embedded sensors, nanotubes , facades;embedded sensors, nanotubes , graphenegraphene

Application of nanotechnologiesApplication of nanotechnologies Robotics for prefabrication, cleaning, Robotics for prefabrication, cleaning,

maintenance and site assemblymaintenance and site assembly

FUTURESFUTURES Robotics for prefabrication, cleaning, Robotics for prefabrication, cleaning,

maintenance and site assemblymaintenance and site assembly Fully integrated interoperable systemsFully integrated interoperable systems Buildings into smart grid systemBuildings into smart grid system Wireless Sensor Technology linking climate, Wireless Sensor Technology linking climate,

building, systems and occupantsbuilding, systems and occupants Innovation with respect for passive low Innovation with respect for passive low

technologytechnology New culture of value, systems and holistic New culture of value, systems and holistic

thinking and visionthinking and vision

Bio Intelligent Quotient building by Bio Intelligent Quotient building by Arup/Splitterwerk £4.8m 3 yearsArup/Splitterwerk £4.8m 3 years

129 Algae louvred tanks SE/SW facades129 Algae louvred tanks SE/SW facades

Algae +nutrients+CO2+sunlightAlgae +nutrients+CO2+sunlight

Algae harvested and processed for Algae harvested and processed for biogasbiogas

Also shades buildingAlso shades building

Solar heat used tooSolar heat used too

BIQ Algae Powered BIQ Algae Powered Building Hamburg Building Hamburg

20132013

BIQ Algae Powered BIQ Algae Powered Building Hamburg 2013Building Hamburg 2013

GRAPHENEGRAPHENE

Carbon atomic scale honeycomb Carbon atomic scale honeycomb latticelattice

Lightest strongest and stiffest Lightest strongest and stiffest substance knownsubstance known

Can self repairCan self repair Many applicationsMany applications

GRAPHENE LAYERGRAPHENE LAYER

WHAT WE CALL THE WHAT WE CALL THE BEGINNING IS OFTEN THE BEGINNING IS OFTEN THE

ENDEND

AND TO MAKE AN END IS TO AND TO MAKE AN END IS TO MAKE A BEGINNINGMAKE A BEGINNING

THE END IS WHERE WE THE END IS WHERE WE START FROMSTART FROM

T.S.ELIOT-- FOUR QUARTETS-- LITTLE GIDDINGT.S.ELIOT-- FOUR QUARTETS-- LITTLE GIDDING

intelligent sustainable liveable cities

Environment

sustainable city

ecological city

beautiful city

livinga city

itsa city

liveable city isis

s city portals

business citya business