intelligent solutions more than fast, reliable fire detection: fiber-optic distributed temperature...
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Intelligent Solutions
More Than Fast, Reliable Fire Detection: Fiber-Optic Distributed Temperature Sensing (DTS) Enables Fire Prevention and Fire Monitoring
Speaker: Greg McElyea Americas Business Manager
Intelligent Solutions
Introduction to fiber-optic distributed temperature sensing (DTS) technology
Technology comparison from point detectors to fiber-optic linear heat detection
Optimizing fire prevention in special hazardous facilities using DTS technology
Assessing fire monitoring in disastrous scenarios, providing vital information until the fire is extinguished
Outline...
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AP Sensing – Linear Heat Series Distributed Temperature Sensing (DTS)
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Fiber-optic Sensor Cable
for Temperature Sensing
Linear Heat Series
DTS Instrument
Intelligent Solutions
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PC
UPS
Sensor Cable
20m Cable Surplus
Measurement Data
Power Supply
Alarm/Error
Reset
Heat Detection Zone(s)approx. 20m
FP
Typical DTS System SetupStainless steel tube
Stainless steel wires
FRNC Outer Sheath
PC = Personal Computer with DTS Configurator FP = Fire Panel or SCADA System UPS = Uninterruptable Power Supply or Battery Package DTS = Distributed Temperature Sensing instrument
FRNC Outer Sheath
2 std. MM telecom fibers
Polyamide Fibers
2 std. MM telecom fibers
Metal Sensor Cable
Metal-free Sensor Cable
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DTS Measurement Technology
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0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
00
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
120 122 124 126 128 130 132 134 136 138 140 142
Tem
pera
ture
[°C]
Exeeding a maximum temperature > 60 ° C
Distance [m]Exeeding the average temperature
by > 15 ° C
> 15 ° Cavg. Temp > 13 ° C
Exeeding a temperature increase within a certiain time > 13°C / 40s
40s
Alarm
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
120 122 124 126 128 130 132 134 136 138 140 142Distance [m] Time [s]
AlarmAlarm
Zone concept enables different sections with different alarm criteria (sensitivity) Up to 256 zones per sensor cable - configurable… 3 different alarm types, 5 different criteria per zone - programmable…
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Temperature-dependent lattice vibration
DTS Measurement PrincipleMeasurement of temperature through the evaluation of the backscattered laser
light components, stokes and anti-stokes
260 270 280 290 300 310
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.51160 1140 1120 1100 1080 1060 1040 1020 1000 980
back
scat
ter/W
/THz
/nm
70°C
-40°C
Raman Stokes
Raman Anti-Stokes
Location = 2 * tR * vL
DTS Instrument
Laser
Pulse Generator
Detector
Detector
Mirrors and Filters
Control, Acquisition & Analysis Circuitry
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Huge local coverage of up to 2x 8km length or 96,000m² area without blind spots
Fast measurement time of 10s and short spatial resolution of 1m Quick and reliable alarming, virtually false-alarm free through 3 different,
freely programmable alarm criteria and confirmation cycles in up to 256 zones
Exact localization and size of any thermal event along the sensor cable
Simple, lightweight, flexible, robust standard sensor cable, easy to install Passive sensor cable, usable indoor and outdoor, absolutely immune to
humidity, dirt, dust, smoke, corrosion, electromagnetic fields or radiation
The sensor has extremely long lifetime and is virtually maintenance-free
Low laser power of only 17mW, class 1M laser is inherently eye-safe
Fire certifications from VdS (A1 / A2 ~ 30 ft NFPA spacing), FM under way
Certified for explosive environments ATEX zone 0, gas and dust
DTS - System Characteristics
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Power Plants Parking Garages Storage Facilities Road- & Rail Tunnels Supply Tunnels Conveyor Belts Cable Trays False ceilings / floors / voids Production Halls Warehouses Cold Stores Floating Roof Tanks Transformator / Generators etc.
DTS is especially well suited for Fire Prevention, Fire Detection and Fire Monitoring over long distances or large areas
Typical Applications
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Intelligent Solutions
Introduction to fiber-optic distributed temperature sensing (DTS) technology
Technology comparison from point detectors to fiber-optic linear heat detection
Optimizing fire prevention in special hazardous facilities using DTS technology
Assessing fire monitoring in disastrous scenarios, providing vital information until the fire is extinguished
Outline...
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Intelligent Solutions
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Classification of “Linear Heat Detection” Systems
Fire Detectors
Point Detectors
Lineardetectors
Smoke SmokeHeat Heat
Ionisation Detectors
Optical Detectors
Maxim
um & Differential
Flame Detection
Multi-Point System
s
Pressure & Resistance
D T S - Systems
Smoke assp. System
s
LHD-Systems
Opacim
eter
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System ComparisonDigital Cable Analog Cable Pressurized Tube Multipoint System DTS System
Measurement Range (maximum) 1500 m 300m 100m 2500m 2 x 8000m(AP Sensing)
Local Discretization no no no 8m /fixed (smaller spacing leads to reduced
monitoring range.)
1 to 3m adjustable
VdS approved - ● ● ● ●
Alarm Temperature Range limited limited limited limited Infinite
Number of sensor data to detect incident (maximum)
1 1 1 312 2 x 8000 (continuous)
Number of alarm criteria to detect incident 1 2 2 2 5
Inherently Safe Operation in Hazardous Area (Ex –Zone)
- - ● - ●
Immune to Electromagnetic Interferences - - - - ●
Individually Configurable Sensor Cables - - - ● ●
Precise Localisation of Fire - - ● ●
Calculating Fire Size and Fire Spreading - - - - ●
Fire Monitoring Capabilities * - - - - ●
Maintenance Costs medium medium high medium low
* Fire Monitoring Capabilities: System is capable to withstand temperatures up to 1000°C to provide crucial information about the development of the fire.
Intelligent Solutions
Introduction to fiber-optic distributed temperature sensing (DTS) technology
Technology comparison from point detectors to fiber-optic linear heat detection
Optimizing fire prevention in special hazardous facilities using DTS technology
Assessing fire monitoring in disastrous scenarios, providing vital information until the fire is extinguished
Outline...
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Intelligent Solutions
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A fiber-optic linear temperature sensor can help to detect a potential fire in its early development phase Real time, continuous temperature monitoring of potential fire sources Complete local coverage of long structures (like tunnels) or large areas (like big buildings) without “blind spots”
Pin-point alarm with exact temperature and location information enables quick intervention before the outbreak of a potential fire
Fire Prevention
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Example 1: Coal Conveyor Belts in Power Plants Real time, continuous temperature monitoring of potentially hot running rollers and smoldering fires Complete local coverage of long conveyor belts or a chain of multiple conveyor belts without “blind spots” Early alarming with exact location information enables an early exchange of hot rollers or the extinction of
smouldering fires caused e.g. by self-ignition of lignite dust
Fire Prevention – Coal Conveyor Belts
Alarm temperature has to be set relative to different day and night environmental temperatures No way to detect fires with DTS on a fast moving belt (10…20ft/sec) !
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Example 2: Cable Trays, Cable Tunnels, Power Cables... Real time, continuous temperature monitoring of cable trays, cable
tunnels and power cables heating up under high current load Complete local coverage of long cable trays or cable tunnels
without “blind spots” Early alarming with exact location information enabling the
decrease of electrical current, the exchange of bad joint and splices, etc.
Local coverage can be increased by meandering the sensor cable The temperature difference and the temperature delay between
conductor and outside of the cable has to be considered
Fire Prevention – Cable Trays and Power Cables
1m – 1,5m
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Fire Prevention – Pipe and Tube Leakage
Example 3: Leakage of Inflammable Liquids or Gases from Pipes and Tubes Real time, continuous temperature monitoring of potentially leaking tubes and pipes, e.g. hydraulic oil Complete local coverage of long pipes and tubes without “blind spots” Early alarming with exact location information enables an early sealing of the leak and removal of a potential fire
load
In case of a gas pipe leakage a cold spot occurs (Joule Thomson effect). Leakages in a liquid pipe are typically recognized by a hot spot.
Intelligent Solutions
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3D Visualization with AP Sensing’s Asset viewer
Intelligent Solutions
Introduction to fiber-optic distributed temperature sensing (DTS) technology
Technology comparison from point detectors to fiber-optic linear heat detection
Optimizing fire prevention in special hazardous facilities using DTS technology
Assessing fire monitoring in disastrous scenarios, providing vital information until the fire is extinguished
Outline...
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Tunnel Fire Tests in Sweden, Norway, Switzerland
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Fire Monitoring - What does DTS Provide?
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T
X
T
X
DTS provides:
Precise localization of the fire (2-4m)
Dynamic fire/smoke size assessment
Dynamic fire/smoke spreading assessment
Radiation HeatPoint of Fire
Convection Heat Smoke
Tunnel Wind
Smoke Spreading
DTS Real Time Data
DTS Real Time Data
A
BA Low wind speed
B High wind speed
DTS reliably detects and localizes radiation and convection heat even under unfavorable conditions like wind
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Fire Monitoring - Hidden Diesel Fire (HRR = 7.4MW)
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Fire Monitoring - Hidden Diesel Fire (HRR = 7.4MW)
Alarm after 50 seconds
Fire Monitoring 6 minutes
“HotFoam” suppression
OK to enter area
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Fire Monitoring – Functional Integrity of the Sensor Cable During the Fire Is Key!
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Functional integrity tested and approved by IEC- standards
Temperature 750°C
Duration 2 hours
Result passed
The functional integrity over an extended period of time allows fire monitoring and provides crucial information about fire / smoke development.
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Huge local coverage without blind spots
Exact localization and size of an event
Quick and reliable alarming, safe against false-alarms
Low maintenance cost, simple installation, long lifetime
Passive sensor cable, insensitive to harsh environments, immune to interference
No laser safety problems
DTS - System Advantages
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Reference Examples
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References from the Mine to the Grid …
Mining: Underground conveyer belt monitoring in ATEX Zone 0 (M1) / CH4
conditions
Storage: smoldering fire detection and hot spot localization
Power Plant: conveyer belts; storage facilities
Power Transmission: Power Cable Monitoring & Fire Detection (buried, ducts,
overhead lines)
Mining Storage Power Plant Power Transmission
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5 Conveyers in coal mine with up to 8km of sensing cable on one conveyor Zone 0 operation for instrument and sensor cable
– Certification from Dekra/Exam Approval from German Government to run system
even under CH4 alarm and fiber break conditions for the time until sensor cable is repaired.
Further conveyers to be installed in the coming years
Germany: RAG – Conveyor Beltin Coal Mine
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Spain: La Medusa – Dockside Coal Storage Coal storage monitoring for smoldering fires Capacity of 100.000 tons of coal Fire on November 14th 2007, extinguishing took 4 days 3 sensor cable rings are embedded in the wall Dual ended configuration
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Italy: ENEL – Brindisi – Coal Conveyor Belts in Power Plant Smoldering fire detection underneath
fully covered coal conveyor beltsin coal power plant
Total of 12.5km of sensor cable Fully integrated into SCADA system 2 controllers with 4 channels each Loop configuration to continue monitoring
even in case of cable break.
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Thank you for your attention!Greg McElyea
Americas Business ManagerOffice: 214-550-0677Cell: 214-471-3460
Email: [email protected]
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