intelligent software agents lab the robotics institute carnegie mellon university 5000 forbes avenue...
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Intelligent Software Agents Lab
The Robotics InstituteCarnegie Mellon University5000 Forbes AvenuePittsburgh, PA 15213-3890 (U.S.A.)
Transform the Internet to ServiceNet
• from a network of information providers– user must find information sources– user must integrate information
• to a network of service providers– agents find requested & unanticipated information for the user– agents perform requested and implied services for the user– agents present finished product to user
OVERVIEW
• Ubiquity
• Fitness
• Constructability
• Policy
MoCHA
Mobile Communication of Heterogeneous Agents
• Anytime, Anywhere Interfaces• Context-sensitive preference management• Integrates Devices and Agentified Services
www.cs.cmu.edu/~softagents/mocca.html
Improve and Diffuse Accessibility• Any Time - Any Place Computing
– Agents accessible from any device– Information conveyed on most appropriate device– Information conveyed at most appropriate time
• Unobtrusive Computing– Reduce the overhead of humans having to specify their
intentions– Agents proactively assist humans based on their
awareness of the user’s goals and context
OVERVIEW
• Ubiquity
• Fitness
• Constructability
• Policy
Fitness Through Agent Security and Formal Analysis
• Security in Agent Communities www.cs.cmu.edu/~softagents/security.html• Secure Agent Infrastructure www.cs.cmu.edu/~softagents/security_agent.html
Security Applications• wireless collaboration and communications• military logistics planning• financial portfolio management• non-combatant evacuation operation
OVERVIEW
• Ubiquity
• Fitness
• Constructability
• Policy
Assumptions• Open and Dynamic Environments
– agents / services will not always exist– agent locations change
• system load balancing• agent mobility
– agent identity changes• cannot predict its name• cannot predict the vocabulary used to describe it
• Assume Service Redundancy– multiple/ competing service providers– differentiate on service parameters
• speed, price, security, reliability, reputation, etc.
Achieve Ideals of Software Engineering• Truly reusable software components
• Accessible to lay-programmers– intuitive and imprecise
• Scalable, reliable, robust, and fault-tolerant computing
• Program by high-level service requirement descriptionsExample:
To find the best flights,
– find any airline reservation system
– that publishes departure / arrival times
• of four or more commercial airlines and
• comparative prices for those legs.
MAS InteroperationTranslation Services Interoperator Services
Capability to Agent MappingMiddle Agents
Name to Location MappingAgent Name Service
SecurityCertificate Authority Cryptographic Service
Performance ServicesMAS Monitoring Reputation Services
Multi-Agent Management ServicesLogging Activity Visualization Launching
ACL InfrastructurePublic Ontology Protocol Servers
Communications InfrastructureDiscovery Message Transfer
MAS Infrastructure
InteroperationInteroperation Modules
Capability to Agent MappingMiddle Agent Components
Name to Location MappingANS Component
SecuritySecurity Module Private/Public Keys
Performance ServicesPerformance Service Modules
Management ServicesLogging and Visualization Components
ACL InfrastructureParser, Private Ontology, Protocol Engine
Communication ModulesDiscovery Message Transfer Modules
Individual Agent Infrastructure
Operating EnvironmentMachines, OS, Network, Multicast Transport Layer, TCP/IP, Wireless, Infrared, SSL
MAS Infrastructure
Necessary Network Technologies
• Local Area Network Discovery– SSDP, SLP
• Wide Area Network Discovery– Agent-to-Agent Discovery
• Network Security– protection from malicious attacks and spoofing– Encryption, Authentication, Repudiation
• Agent Location Schemes– White Pages, Yellow Pages, LDAP
RETSINA Functional Architecture
User 1 User 2 User u
InfoSource 1
InfoSource 1
Interface Agent 1Interface Agent 1 Interface Agent 2Interface Agent 2 Interface Agent iInterface Agent i
Task Agent 1Task Agent 1 Task Agent 2Task Agent 2 Task Agent tTask Agent t
Middle Agent 2Middle Agent 2Information
Agent n
Information Agent n
InfoSource 2
InfoSource 2
InfoSource m
InfoSource m
Goal and TaskSpecifications Results
SolutionsTasks
Info & ServiceRequests
Information IntegrationConflict Resolution Replies
Advertisements
Information Agent 1
Information Agent 1
Queries
Answers
Interface Agents
• Solicit input from user for the agent system
• Present output to the user
• Frequently part of task agent
• Often representative of a device
Task Agents
• Know what to do and how to do it
• Responsible for task delegation
• May enlist the help of other task agents
Middle Agents
• Infrastructure agents that aid in MAS scalability
• Many have been identified in Sycara & Wong ‘00
• Most common:– Agent Name Service (White Pages)– Matchmaker(Yellow Pages)– Broker– MAS Interoperator
• Enable an agent to find another agent:• by functionality, capability, availability, time to completion, etc.• without knowing who or where the provider agent might be
• Enables multi-agent systems [MASs]:• to dynamically reconfigure themselves to suite a need• reduce agent systems administration overhead• to scale in the number of agents that are distributed in a computer network
• RETSINA has two main types of Matchmakers:• RETSINA Matchmaker
• http://www.cs.cmu.edu/~softagents/matchmaker.html• Please try it: http://www.cs.cmu.edu/~softagents/a-match/index.html
• LARKS Matchmaker• Language for Advertisement and Request for Knowledge Sharing• http://www.cs.cmu.edu/~softagents/larks.html
RETSINA Matchmakers
The Matchmaking Process
MatchmakerRequester
Provider 1 Provider n
2. Request for service
3. Unsorted full description of (P1,P2, …, Pk) 1. Advertisement of
capabilities& service parameters
4. Delegation of service
5. Results of service request
MAS Interoperators
• Translate between MAS architectures:
• Advertisements• Queries and replies• Informational messages
• Achieve economic MAS scalability
Information Agents
• Present information sources to MAS
• Port MAS output to external data stores
• Represent data and events
• Four well-known and reusable behaviors:– Single-Shot Query– Active Monitor Query– Passive Monitor Query– Update Query
Four parallel threads:• Communicator
• for conversing with other agents
• Planner• matches “sensory” input and “beliefs” to possible plan actions
• Scheduler• schedules “enabled” plans for execution
• Execution Monitor• executes scheduled plan• swaps-out plans for those with higher priorities
RETSINA Agent Architecture
http://www.cs.cmu.edu/~softagents/retsina.html
Reusable Environment for Task-Structured Intelligent Networked Agents
OVERVIEW
• Ubiquity
• Fitness
• Constructability
• Policy
Prof. Katia SycaraPrinciple Investigator
The Robotics InstituteCarnegie Mellon University5000 Forbes AvenuePittsburgh, PA 15213-3890 (U.S.A.)
Tel: +1 (412) 268-8825Fax: +1 (412) 268-5569
[email protected]://www.cs.cmu.edu/~katia
Joseph GiampapaProject Manager
The Robotics InstituteCarnegie Mellon University5000 Forbes AvenuePittsburgh, PA 15213-3890 (U.S.A.)
Tel: +1 (412) 268-5245Fax: +1 (412) 268-5569
[email protected]://www.cs.cmu.edu/~garof
Contact Information: