intelligence and security as a framework for applying...

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2008 © Copyright Agostino Bruzzone DIPTEM

Intelligence and Security as

a Framework for Applying

Serious Games

Agostino G. Bruzzone, Gerson Cunha, Alberto Tremori,

•McLeod Institute of Simulation Science

•DIPTEM University of Genoa

•LAMCE UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro

•MAST

URL st.itim.unige.it

www.lamce.ufrj.br

www.mastsrl.eu

EMAIL [email protected]

gerson @ lamce. ufrj.br

[email protected]

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Serious Games Definition &

Expectations

• “Serious game is a term used to refer to a software or

hardware application developed with game technology and

game design principles for a primary purpose other than pure

entertainment. Serious games include games used for

educational, persuasive, political, or health purposes.

• Serious Games provide an opportunity to improve

performances with reduced efforts to professional

simulation with great attention to Interfaces, Graphics,

Scenography and New Technologies.

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Serious Games Framework

• Professional People “Talking with” Game Developers

• Professional Software “integrated with “Game Engines”

• Professional Hardware “vs.” Game Devices

• Scenario Definition “vs.” Game Level

• High Fidelity “vs.” High Physics

• Training “vs.” Playing

• Cost/Unit: High “vs.” Low

• Few Users “vs.” Many Users

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G.A.M.E.S. Concept

• 1st Edition of G.A.M.E.S. defined as

Government, Academic, Military,

Interactive Entertainment & Simulationwas carried out in Orlando in

January 2005 as evidence of

the interest in this context

• Strong Synergy for new

applications where there is a

mutual benefit in combining Games

technologies, military simulation and

governmental applications

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Simulation & Serious Games

• There are different way to proceed in Serious Games

such as:

– Substitution of Interfaces with Game Devices

– New Opportunities by New Games Device

– Introduction of Massive Multiplayer On-Line Games

– New Virtual Environments

– New Web Games

– Physical Devices integrated by Games in Training

– Games as New Learning Approach

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…a Serious Games Evolution Roadmap

Training on the Job

Simulation for Training

Experimenting on the Simulator

Playing whileLearning

Experimentingon the Game

Serious Gamesfor Training

Many More Installations

Many More Users

New Utilization Modes

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Human Behavior in Serious Games

• Serious Games usually have a Stronghold in Graphics,

Usability, Interfaces and Multiplayer capabilities.

• Games Frameworks needs to guarantee proper Fidelity

and correct Models for their specific Purpose

• The potential application areas usually introduce the

necessity to add Artificial Intelligence (AI) able to add

realism by introducing Human Behaviors and

Intelligent Agents (IA)

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Human Modeling

Challenges

•RATIONAL DECISION MAKING

•Intelligent Individual Behavior

•Organization & Hierarchies

•EMOTIONS & PERSONAL ATTRIBUTES

•CROWD CONTROL

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Modelling Human BehaviourThere are Human Behavior

Elements (HBE) in our System?

HBE Affects the System

in relation to our Goals?

The HBE have an

high degree of variability?

The HBE input are

significant on their outputs?

HBE knowledge is available or

could be acquired

HBE Data are available

or could be acquired?

Avoid HBE issue

Identify Different

Possible HBE Models

Identify Target Functions

Affected by HBE

Estimate the Impact on the

Simulation Project Goals

Estimate Costs for Conceptual

Model Development

Estimate Development EffortsEstimate Model Return

of Investment (ROI)

Decision about Most Effective

HBE Modeling Approach

Estimate Model

Fidelity/Usability

Estimate Costs for Data

Acquisition and Maintenance

Project for M&S HBE

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Human Behavior Simulation is the reproduction of theHumans by using computer models.

Usually this requires to simulate aspects related toEmotions, Rational Thinking, Psychology, Ethologyand Sociology with the detail required by the specificModeling & Simulation Project

What is Human Behavior Simulation?

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What is Human Behavior Simulation?

Human Behavior Simulation is the reproduction of theHumans by using computer models.

Usually this requires to simulate aspects related toEmotions, Rational Thinking, Psychology, Ethologyand Sociology with the detail required by the specificModeling & Simulation Project

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Human Behaviour & Simulation

The human beahviour involving have a strong impact and due to

the new advances also due to Games it becomes possible to face

this problem: i.e. Behavior Collection in Massively Multiplayer

On-Line Games.

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What kind of Human Model?•Medal of Honor (Shoot Game)

•Americas Army (Game/Training)

•2nd Life (Massively Multiplayer)

•Sims (Strategy Game)

•Comadreja (Business Simulation)

•Brainsim (Sensorial Model)

•Piovra (CGF)

•Modsaf (CGF)

•MAAD (CGF)

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Detailed Humans don’t Means Better

Simulation

•N2NSOFT, Virtual Model 4, Sema, CGI, Awe, Comadreja

•Intelligent Capabilities

•Real Time Capabilities

•Graphic Details

•Rendering Quality

•Emotional Details

•Interaction Details

What Kind of Details are Significant for our Problem

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Human Behavior Model

Experiences

Currently it is possible to evaluate

psychological components that afflict the

teamwork efficiency, work

performances, reorganization feasibility,

etc. Currently there are experiences in

developing models considering these

components and relationship between

emotions and performances.

World Wide Excellence Centers are

working in this sector, such as DIPTEM,

LSIS, ICT, University of Southern

California, UP Mexico City, MAST etc

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Intelligent CGF for PIOVRA as

Reusable Models for Serious Games• Development of new generation of Computer Generated

Forces (CGF) PIOVRA (Polyfunctional Intelligent

Operational Virtual Reality Agents), to be used both for

exercise scope, both for defence planning and support

operations in an HLA Federation.

• The development of Human Behavior Models was reused in

Business Process Engineering and Role Play Games.

• PIOVRA CGF demonstrated “Intelligent”, in term of co-

operative and competitive behaviours (co-ordinating units

both during operative actions and situation evaluation)

based on the perception of the current boundary

conditions and situations.

PIOVRA

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A Different Game with Humans

• Role Play Games propose a very interesting opportunity for

Simulation to play a critical role where Serious Games can

enable new application areas

• This game emphasizes the importance of communication,

information sharing and cooperation even if the whole

framework involve strong competitiveness among the

players

• This is a joint venture devoted to the development of a

Games applied to the Security and the Intelligence sectors

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SIBILLA

• SIBILLA means Simulation of an

Intelligence Board for Interactive

Learning and Lofty Achievements

• SIBILLA Game provides the opportunity to play

interactively a competitive game, in a distributed

environment where different “Agencies” operates

concurrently with benefits and penalties connected to both

common and individual objective achievements.

• The project is addressing Critical Infrastructure Protection

and Homeland Security issues even if the concept promoted

in the game have impact in many other sectors such as

general management and corporate organization.

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Ibis redibis non morieris in bello

• The project arise from a set of experience carried out with

National Simulation Center and Kennedy Space Center

• The Games was based on information

and complex system understanding

• The main problem is to use the info received

combining and trying to work together instead

than pressing few data with obstinacyClient

Browser 1

Client

Browser 2

Web

Server

Servlet

Engine

ServletA

ServletA

ServletA

ServletB

init()

init()

service() doGet()

service() doGet()

service() doGet() destroy()

service() doGet() destroy()

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SIBILLA Game

• Terrorist Actions organized by different Terrorist

Organizations are set up in term of:

– Location

– Site

– Time

– Threat Type

• The intelligence reports are distributed among the players

based on their capabilities and shared by a stochastic

engine

• The Identification of the attacks in time is the key for

individual success

• Threat missed to be identified generate terrorist attacks

that reduce global trust and support to intelligence agencies

TerroristAction

Concept

TerroristAction

Planning

TerroristAction

Preparation

TerroristAction

Execution

Dummies

Mis-

Communication

Comprimezed

Sources

Intelligence

Reports

Intelligence

Reports

Intelligence

ReportsPrevention

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SIBILLA ObjectsTerroristMovements

TerroristAttacks

TerroristLeaders

HE BombChemical WeaponIEDRadiological Dispersal Device Biological WeaponMedia AttackCyber Attack…..

Final TargetsLocations

MeetingPhone InterceptionDetectionTraining SessionsCrossing CustomArrival at AirportArrival at StationArrival at PortEmail InterceptionWeb MeetingTeleconferenceInformation RequestSymptoms Cyber AttackDetection of CW CompoundsDetection of RDD CompoundsDetection of BW CompoundsAccessing Information on IEDAccessing Information on BWAccessing Information on CWAccessing Information on RDD….

Money TransferExplosive StolenCW StolenBW StolenRadiactive Material StolenExplosive TradeCW TradeBW TradeRadiactive Material TradeComputer Security ViolationPassword SniffingSuspicious Person SignalsSuspicions of InfiltrationPersonnel Abnormal BehaviorPersonnel DisappearedCommunication Suspicious NoiseMedia Abnormal InformationSuspiciuos ContrabandWeapon TradeNuclear Scientist DisappearedChemical Scientist DisappearedBio-Scientist DisappearedHacker DisappearedPsycologist Disappeared….

Intelligence Events on Preparation

Intelligence Events on Planning

CustomFinanceCrimePoliceNetwork PatrolGovernmental DbaseSatellitesField Intelligence….

Intelligence Sources

MIA

ICPP

IS6

….

Intelligence Agencies

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SIBILLA Awards & Penalties

• The Game awards the players based on the following

scheme:

Agency

Threat

Identifications

Sharing

the Benefits

with others Agency

Budget

Awards

Overall

Menace

Prevention

Overall

Budget++-

-

+

+Prevention

Activities

Detection

Activites

+ +

Positive

Comparison

with Others

+

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SIBILLA Next Steps Goals• To finalize the web infrastructure to set up games

• To test with different users communities in term of

effectiveness in learning the process

• To use Intelligent Agents in the game

• To use SIBILLA as Experimental Lab

• To include virtual framework based on game library in use

in LAMCE

• To add new facilities for players

• To use a derived version for testing

running on smart phones and PDA

• To integrate multimedia elements such

as video streaming and audio reproducing interception

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Conclusions

• Games introduce new opportunities for Serious Applications

• Human Behavior reproduction enhance this potential

providing new challenges

• It critical to define reference baseline for defining the fidelity

and detail level that characterize Serious Games considering

the benefits and use modes.

• It is critical to use Serious Game as technology enabler to

enlarge Installations, User Community

and Utilization Modes

• Among new utilization modes emerges

and in particular the experimentation

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TimeTime to to Play Play

QuestionsQuestions

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References

MISS University of Genoavia Opera Pia 15

16145 Genova

www.simulationscience.org

[email protected]

MASTOffice Tower, Voltri Port

16145 Genova

www.mastsrl.eu

[email protected]

SimulationTeam

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