HIIT to counteract and prevent obesity in young students

Integrating high intensity intermittent training (HIIT)

in theatre open scenarios: scientific approach

Dr. Jacopo A. Vitale Post Doc Researcher IRCCS Galeazzi Orthopedic Institute e-mail: jacopo.vitale@grupposandonato.it

SCIENTIFIC DATA

HIIT SCHEME and

REGIME

Let’s focus on these two aspects…

Students, teachers and parents HIIT scheme in theatrical context

SCIENTIFIC DATA

How, what, when, who?

Our Italian numbers: schools and people

4 secondary schools in/near Milan: • I.C. Grossi (N=77)

• I.C. Maffiucci (N=65)

• I.C. Frisi (N=15)

• I.C. Cardano (N=50)

12 (extra-)school groups (1h to 1.45h)

207 students

11 teachers

2 heroes / investigators

3 master students in Sport Science

1 master degree thesis +2 in October 2018

1 national congress (SISMES) in Brescia (ITA)

Data Collection in Italy: STUDENTS

1. Anthropometric measures: Height

Weight

BMI

2. Physical tests * Standing broad jump

4x10 shuttle run test

3. Questionnaires Adolescent Food Habit List (AFHL)

Trait Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire (TEIQue–CSF)

Physical Activity Questionnaire (PAQ-C)

Profile Of Mood States (POMS-SF)

4. HR monitoring / intensity Polar A370 HR monitor

Borg Scale (CR-10)**

Ethical Approval by University of Milan (28/11/2017, Ref N: 44/17)

** Artero EG et al. Reliability of field-based fitness tests in

youth. Int J Sports Med. 2011 Mar;32(3):159-69.

* Borg, G. (1998). Borg’s Perceived Exertion and Pain Scales.

Champaign IL: Human Kinetics.

PRE – baseline

December 2017

POST – final

May/June 2018 (...ongoing…)

Informed consent, privacy laws, and experimental protocol

Data Collection: evidence-based evaluations

Anthropometric measures

Physical tests

Questionnaires

HR monitoring / intensity

Data Collection in Italy: PARENTS and TEACHER

PRE – baseline

December 2017

POST – final

May/June 2018 (...ongoing…)

PARENTS and TEACHERS

• Practice of physical activity

• Knowledge of HIIT

• Practice of HIIT

• Perception of Oblomov method

• Mood with reference to the

Oblomov method (fear, happyness,

curiosity, etc…)

• Perception of their sons’ life

and lifestyle.

• ….

Total number of students: 207

Mean age (years): 12.4 ± 1.5

Absolute N of female and male students: F = 97; M = 110

Relative N of female and male students: F = 46.8%; M = 53.2%

Mean Height (cm): 152 ± 8 *

Mean Weight (Kg): 46.7 ± 13.2 *

Mean B.M.I.: 20.2 ± 4.4 *,**

* Male students were higher, heavier and > BMI than females

Data Collection in Italy: STUDENTS

BASELINE – Anthropometrics

Overweight ≃ 6% Obese ≃ 5%

Total «unhealthy» range ≃ 11%

** Cole TJ et al. Establishing a standard definition for child

overweight and obesity worldwide: international survey BMJ.

2000 May 6;320(7244):1240-3.

Italian Ministry of Health in 2013:

22.2% of children are overweight.

10.6% of children are obese.

> prevalence in the South (40%).

Parents’ weight and level of instruction

seem to be associated with their children

healht.

Our STUDENTS…not so bad compared to national level

Overweight prevalence

Data Collection in Italy: STUDENTS

BASELINE – Physical test

* Saint-Maurice PF et al. Establishing Normative

Reference Values for Standing Broad Jump Among

Hungarian Youth. Res Q Exerc Sport. 2015 Jun 26;86

Suppl 1:S37-44.

BROAD JUMP (cm): 142,4 ± 21,5 BROAD JUMP males (cm): 153,6 ± 18,3 BROAD JUMP females (cm): 131,2 ± 22,8

Example of standing broad jump

Data Collection in Italy: STUDENTS

BASELINE – Physical test

* Ortega FB et al. Physical fitness levels among European

adolescents: the HELENA study. Br J Sports Med. 2011

Jan;45(1):20-9.

4x10 SHUTTLE RUN (sec): 12,5 ± 0,8 4x10 SHUTTLE RUN males (sec): 11,7 ± 0,7 4x10 SHUTTLE RUN females (sec): 13,2 ± 0,8

Example of 4x10 shuttle run test

Data Collection in Italy: STUDENTS

BASELINE – Questionnaires

Adolescent Food Habit List (AFHL) (score: 0-23) • Total: 12,5 ± 5,2

• Males: 11,6 ± 4,6

• Females: 13,4 ± 6,4

Trait Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire (TEIQue–CSF) (score: 30-210) • Total: 134,6 ± 21,4 (mean: 4.5)

• Males: 141,6 ± 22,6 (mean: 4.7)

• Females: 128,4 ± 19,4 (mean: 4.2)

Physical Activity Questionnaire (PAQ-C) (score: 1-5) • Total: 2,4 ± 0,6

• Males: 2,6 ± 0,6

• Females: 2,5 ± 0,4

Profile Of Mood States (POMS-SF)

* Johnson F, Wardle J, Griffith J. The Adolescent Food Habits

Checklist: reliability and validity of a measure of healthy

eating behaviour in adolescents. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2002

Jul;56(7):644-9.

*

Petrides, K. V., Sangareau, Y., Furnham, A., & Frederickson, N. (2006). Trait emotional

intelligence and children’s peer relations at school. Social Development, 15, 537-547.

Richardson D, Cavill N, Ells L, Roberts K (2011) Measuring Diet and Physical Activity in Weight

Management Interventions: A Briefing Paper. Oxford: National Obesity Observatory

Data Collection in Italy: PARENTS and TEACHERS

BASELINE – Questionnaires

INTERESTED: 7.1 ± 0.8

USEFULL FOR THEMSELVES: 8.2 ± 1.0 (teachers only)

USEFULL FOR THEIR CHILDREN: 8.7 ± 1.3

HAPPY: 7.1 ± 0.5

CURIOUS: 8.6 ± 1.3 READY TO LEAD: 3.5 ± 0.9 (teachers only)

TIMOROUS: 7.4 ± 1.3

NERVOUS: 6.8 ± 0.9

MOTIVATED: 7.8 ± 1.1 (teachers only)

TEACHERS and

PARENTS

0 = in no way 10 = very very much

Preliminary data PRE vs POST: statistical approach

• The normal distribution of each variable was checked with the Shapiro–Wilk test and graphical methods.

• Un-paired t-test were used to compare data between male and females students.

• Paired t-test were used to compare data between PRE and POST evaluations.

• When normal distribution was not checked, non parametric statistical tests (Wilcoxon for paired or

Mann-Whitney) were used for all comparisons.

• (Correlations [Pearson’s r or Spearman’s rho] among variables (BMI vs performance; performance vs

habits; etc…) could be performed too).

• Effect size (Cohen’s D) and magnitude base inference (MBI) should be performed *

• A p-value ≤0.05 was considered statistically significant.

* Hopkins W, Marshall S, Batterham A, Hanin J. Progressive statistics

for studies in sports medicine and exercise science. Medicine and

science in sports and exercise. 2009;41(1):3-13.

Preliminary data PRE vs POST (N = 65)

Questionnaires

Preliminary data PRE vs POST (N = 65)

Physical tests

HIIT SCHEME and

REGIME

HOW WE MEASURED IT? REGIME DEFINITION?

Alternative “new” proposal for obese children: HIIT *

* Eddolls WTB et al. High-Intensity Interval Training Interventions in

Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review. Sports Med. 2017

Nov;47(11):2363-2374.

* Buchheit & Laursen. High-Intensity Interval Training, Solutions to the

Programming Puzzle Part II: Anaerobic Energy, Neuromuscular Load and

Practical Applications. Sports Med 2013.

HIIT training features:

Most effective of improving cardiorespiratory and metabolic functions;*

Widely used for athletes, children, elderly too;*

Short-to-long bouts of high-intensity exercise interspersed with recovery periods;*

Low volume time-efficient; *

Variety of forms, generally:

T < 10 sec all-out intensity (≥ 100% vVO2max)*

45 sec < T < 3 min high- but not maximal intensity (≥ 90% vVO2max)*

Manipulation of at least nine variables.*

vVO2max : lower speed associated with maximal oxygen uptake

… any of which has a likely effect on the acute

physiological response.

Manipulating HIIT appropriately

is important with respect to the

expected middle- to long-term

physiological and performance

adaptations*

HIIT rules: manipulation of 9 variables…

* Buchheit & Laursen. High-Intensity Interval Training, Solutions to

the Programming Puzzle Part II: Anaerobic Energy, Neuromuscular

Load and Practical Applications. Sports Med 2013.

Where we are then? This is our HIIT “puzzle”

1. Work intensity: 91% - 97% of HRmax.

2. Work interval duration: 2 mins.

3. Interval intensity: 60%-75% of HRmax.

4. Interval duration: 2 mins.

5. Exercise modality: variable.

6. Number of repetitions: 6 – 8.

7. Number of series: 1.

8. Total work: 12 mins (24 mins).

9. Work/rest ratio: 1:1.

3 1 2 4 5 6

DRAMATIZATION

HIIT

NB: determing HRmax with predictive formula validated for young students

The 208 - 0.7(age) equation can closely

predict mean HRmax in children.

*Mahon et al. Evaluating the prediction of maximal heart

rate in children and adolescents. Res Q Exerc Sport. 2010

Dec;81(4):466-71.

The "220 - age" equation overestimated the

measured HRmax and was not valid for

this population. The "208 - (0.7 x age)"

equation was valid for this population.

OUR SAMPLE, HRmax: 198-201 bpm

* Buchheit & Laursen. High-Intensity Interval Training, Solutions to

the Programming Puzzle Part II: Anaerobic Energy, Neuromuscular

Load and Practical Applications. Sports Med 2013.

Schematic illustration of the

energy system requirements for

different forms of high-intensity

interval training.

# vVO2max : lower speed associated with maximal oxygen uptake

#

HIIT rules: are we in a correct anaerobic regime?

S hort

H igh

I intensity

E njoyble

F lexible

T ime-efficient

S hared

Preteens’ level of enjoyment is

a strong predictor of their constant

participation in physical activity*

HIIT in the ObLoMoV methodology: a new approach

Let’s do a funny play!

Clear HIIT scheme but…reach

exactly 120 secs is not the aim.

Let’s play together!

* Lambrick et al. 2015. The effectiveness of a high intensity games

intervention on improving indices of health in young children. Journal

of Sports Sciences 34(3).

Theatre and sport: a possible connection

SPORT THEATRE Emotional

Social

Cognitive Development

Physical

Cultural

Rules

Space

Respect

Training

Group activity

THEATRE IS USED AS MOTIVATION TO DO SPORT

OPEN SCENARIO

HIIT in the ObLoMoV methodology: a new approach

Let’s fly to get rid

of Voldemort !

Let’s cross this

tricky bridge ! Let’s move to

leave our ship !

Socioecological model of obesity risk

* Jelalian et al. Behavioral intervention in the treatment of

obesity in children and adolescents: implications for

Mexico.Nutr Rev. 2017.

Obesity: multifactorial causes multifactorial solutions!*

Dr. Jacopo A. Vitale

Post Doc Researcher

IRCCS Galeazzi Orthopedic Institute