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Introduction•Grape (Vitis vinifera L.) vine is grown in West and South India

especially in Maharashtra and Andhra Pradesh, to a great extent.•The varieties gowns are Anab-e- Shahi and Thomson Seedless.•The grapes are grown on different training systems depending upon

the varieties and the purpose for which they are grown.•These different systems allow the growth of various types of weeds.•In Bower system,soon after pruning of grapes, there is lot of sunshine

underneath which allows the growth of cyperus rotundus and Oxalis corniculata.•After sometime, the vegetative growth of grape increases and shades

the underneath space with result Polygon plebejum, Euphorbia geniculata, Amaranthus viridis, Portiulaca oleracea, Oxalis sp. And Mullugo pentaphylla among dicots and Digitaria marginata, Eleusine indica, and Setaria glauca among monocots come up.

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Weed control methods•Control of weeds in grape is very important to maintain the yield and quality levels as it is a commercially important crop.

The Different weed control methods are as follows

Hand weedingMechanical methodMulchingCover croppingChemical weed control

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Hand weeding

•Euphorbia geniculata and E. hirta, which appear as major weeds, carry fungal and insect pests and act as alternative hosts.

•They use khurpi, a small hand operated implement, to remove the weeds.

• The usual method of weed control in manual by employing women labour.

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Mechanical method In mechanical method of weed control by using bullock drawn implement is very common in Maharashtra.

But in young orchards, the root system of grape being shallow, mechanical methods using machinery becomes difficult.

In scientific orchard management, motor run tractors and power trillers are used to cultivate the inter rows of grape.

In such cases, usage of spade for hoeing is preferred.

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Mulching

•Mulching with inorganic materials like black polythene film and organic materials like sarkanda, wheat and rice straw, sugar cane trash, dried leaves and saw dust have been advocated for conserving soil moisture and fostering rapid growth of plants.

• Sarkanda was found to be the best mulch for grape in Punjab and black polythene in Tamil Nadu.

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Cover cropping

The general cover crops grown in grape orchards are :

French beans Cucurbits Sun hemp and Mung Cowpea

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Chemical weed control•Chemical weed control using herbicides has been tried in grape by several workers.•These worker have used either simazine, atrazine, diuron, dalapon, oxyfluronfen, paraquat, or glyphosate.•Except paraquat and glyphosate, which were used as post-emergent sprays, all other herbicides were used pre-emergent to weeds.•One spray of atrazine or simazine or diuron at 2.0 kg a.i./ha as pre-emergent spray followed after six months by two post-emergent spraysof parquet at 2.0 kg a.i./ha at three monthly intervals for grape cv. Banglore Blue. Oxyflurofen at 1.0 kg a.i./ha as pre-emergent spray and glyphosate at 3.0 kg a.i./has post-emergent spray proved veryb effective for controlling weeds for four and six months respectively in grape cv. Anab-e-Shahi.•Herbicides in mulched vineyards have also been tried successfully.

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• Gupta, O.P. 1998. Weed management - Principles and Practices. Agro Botanical Publishers, Bikaner.

• Rao, V.S.1994. Principles of Weed Science. Oxford and IBH Publishing Co. Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi.

• Subramanian, S., A.Mohamed Ali and R.Jayakumar. 1997. All about weed control. Kalyani Publishers, New Delhi.

• C. Chinnusamy, N.K. Prabhakaran P. Janaki K. Govindarajan. 2009. Compendium on Weed Science Research in Tamil Nadu (25 years). AICPR-WC, Department of Agronomy, TNAU, Coimbatore - 641 003.

• K. A.A. Kabeer and V.J. Nair. 2009. Flora of Tamil Nadu- Grasses. Botanical Survey of India, Kolkatta.

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1.----------- is the major weeds in grapes field.

a.Euphorbia geniculata, b.Trianthemea protulacastrum

c.Cynodon dactylon

2. What is the different method used for effective weed control

in Maharashtra state.

a. Bullock drawn b. Hand weeding c. Herbicide spraying

3.One spray of atrazine sprayed as post emergence in grape field

(True/ False) – False.

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