integrated waste management plan wcx - western cape · the national waste management strategy (...

November 2010

Provincial Integrated Waste Management Plan for the Western Cape Draft 1

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Report Number. 12451

Distribution:

Golder: 2 copies DEA&DP: 3 copies

Submitted to: Department of Environmental Affairs and Development Planning

PROVINCIAL INTEGRATED WASTE MANAGEMENT PLAN FOR THE WESTERN CAPE DRAFT 1

November 2010 Report No. 12451 i

Table of Contents

1.0 INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................................................................................................1

1.1 Background and Terms of Reference..............................................................................................................................1

1.2 Purpose and Objectives of the Provincial IWMP............................................................................................................1

1.3 Relevant Legislation .......................................................................................................................................................1

2.0 SCOPE OF WORK .....................................................................................................................................................................2

2.1 Geographical Area..........................................................................................................................................................2

2.2 The over-arching approach used in Provincial IWMP....................................................................................................3

2.3 Reporting ........................................................................................................................................................................3

3.0 UNDERLYING METHODOLOGY AND FINDINGS ..................... .......................................................................................5

3.1 Introduction ....................................................................................................................................................................5

3.2 Public Participation Process............................................................................................................................................5

3.3 Interrelationship of components .....................................................................................................................................5

3.4 Research and Reporting..................................................................................................................................................7

3.4.1 The Synthesis Report................................................................................................................................................7

3.4.2 The Status Quo Report ...........................................................................................................................................10

3.4.3 The Gaps & Needs Report......................................................................................................................................14

4.0 DEVELOPMENT OF THE W ESTERN PROVINCIAL IW MP ..........................................................................................17

4.1 Introduction ..................................................................................................................................................................17

4.2 Identified Gaps and Needs............................................................................................................................................18

4.3 Provincial IWMP Prioritization and Sequencing of Needs...........................................................................................19

4.4 Formulating Needs Based Objectives ...........................................................................................................................20

4.4.1 Primary Needs Based Objectives............................................................................................................................21

4.4.2 Addressing Secondary and other Needs .................................................................................................................21

5.0 IMPLEMENTATION OF THE WASTE ACT (NEMWA) ...................... .............................................................................23

5.1 Introduction ..................................................................................................................................................................23

5.2 Objectives and Scope of the Waste Act ........................................................................................................................23

5.3 Needs covered by implementing the Waste Act ...........................................................................................................23

5.4 Governance...................................................................................................................................................................24

5.5 Municipal Bylaws.........................................................................................................................................................24

5.6 General Implementation Program and Timeframes ......................................................................................................24


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5.7 Appropriate Targets ......................................................................................................................................................25

6.0 IMPLEMENTING INTERGRATED WASTE MANAGEMENT .................... ....................................................................25

6.1 Introduction ..................................................................................................................................................................25

6.2 Strategic Goal ...............................................................................................................................................................26

6.3 Objectives .....................................................................................................................................................................26

6.3.1 Creating awareness, capacity and skills, through education and training ...............................................................26

6.3.2 Implementing IWM by means of the Provincial IWMP.........................................................................................26

6.3.3 Maximizing waste diversion from landfill..............................................................................................................26

6.3.4 Monitoring progress and trends regarding the implementing of IWM ...................................................................27

6.4 Short, Medium and Long Term Targets and Activities.................................................................................................27

7.0 PROVISION OF RELIABLE INFORMATION ...................... ..............................................................................................32

7.1 Introduction ..................................................................................................................................................................32

7.2 Strategic Goal ...............................................................................................................................................................32

7.3 Objectives .....................................................................................................................................................................32

7.3.1 Meeting waste information system minimum requirements...................................................................................32

7.3.2 Expeditiously gathering outstanding information...................................................................................................32

7.3.3 Using information to develop waste management in the Western Cape.................................................................32

7.3.4 Continue to improve database and waste management...........................................................................................33


8.0 MUNICIPAL IWMPS AND INDUSTRY WMPS ..................................................................................................................39

8.1 Introduction ..................................................................................................................................................................39

8.2 Strategic Goal ...............................................................................................................................................................39

8.3 Objectives .....................................................................................................................................................................39

8.3.1 ................................................................................................................................................................................39

8.3.2 ................................................................................................................................................................................39

8.3.3 ................................................................................................................................................................................39

8.3.4 ................................................................................................................................................................................39

8.3.5 ................................................................................................................................................................................39


9.0 FUNDING ..................................................................................................................................................................................47

9.1 Introduction ..................................................................................................................................................................47

9.2 Strategic Goal ...............................................................................................................................................................47

9.3 Objectives .....................................................................................................................................................................47


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9.3.1 ................................................................................................................................................................................47

9.3.2 ................................................................................................................................................................................47

9.3.3 ................................................................................................................................................................................47


10.0 SECONDARY NEEDS..............................................................................................................................................................51

10.1 Introduction ..................................................................................................................................................................51

10.2 Hazardous Wastes.........................................................................................................................................................51

10.2.1 Healthcare Waste (draft Bill)..................................................................................................................................51

10.2.2 Sewage Sludge Management – Composting, Land farming...................................................................................51

10.2.3 Household Hazardous Waste..................................................................................................................................51

10.2.4 E-waste...................................................................................................................................................................51

10.2.5 Sector Wastes .........................................................................................................................................................51

10.2.6 Contaminated Land and Rehab (NEMWA Part 8) .................................................................................................51

10.3 Problematic Wastes ......................................................................................................................................................51

10.3.1 Agricultural and Animal Waste (abattoirs).............................................................................................................51

10.3.2 Tyres.......................................................................................................................................................................51

10.3.3 White goods............................................................................................................................................................51

10.4 Concepts .......................................................................................................................................................................52

10.4.1 Free basic services..................................................................................................................................................52

10.4.2 Extended Producer Responsibility..........................................................................................................................52

10.4.3 Waste Management Planning with regard to Infrastructure Planning ....................................................................52

10.4.4 Waste Diversion from landfills...............................................................................................................................52

10.4.5 Regionalization of Landfills (economies of scale) .................................................................................................52

10.4.6 Coordination between Public and Private Sectors ..................................................................................................52

10.4.7 Climate Change ......................................................................................................................................................52

10.5 Other.............................................................................................................................................................................52

10.5.1 Waste Management at Large Sports Events ...........................................................................................................52

10.5.2 Waste Management associated with Holiday Influx...............................................................................................52

11.0 IMPLEMENTATION PLAN ...................................................................................................................................................53

12.0 BUDGET....................................................................................................................................................................................53

13.0 MONITORING AND REPORTING .......................................................................................................................................53

14.0 REVIEW OF PROVINCIAL IWMP.......................................................................................................................................53

15.0 SUMMARY................................................................................................................................................................................53


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TABLES

Table 1: Gaps Identified – Status Quo...................................................................................................................................................14

Table 2: Final List of Priority Needs in the Gap and Needs Report.......................................................................................................16

Table 3: Final List of Priority Needs in the Gap and Needs Report.......................................................................................................18

Table 4: Scoring of Identified Priority Needs........................................................................................................................................19

Table 5: Scoring and ranking of Identified Secondary Needs................................................................................................................20

Table 6: General Timeframe for Provincial IWMP Components ..........................................................................................................20

Table 7: Targets and Activities for Creating IWM Awareness..............................................................................................................28

Table 8: Targets and Activities for Implementing IWM by means of the Provincial IWMP.................................................................29

Table 9: Targets and Activities to Maximize Waste Diversion from Landfills .....................................................................................30

Table 10: Targets and Activities for Monitoring Progress and Trends in Implementing IWM .............................................................31

Table 11: Targets and Activities for meeting information system minimum requirements ...................................................................35

Table 12: Targets and Activities for gathering outstanding information as expeditiously as possible...................................................36

Table 13: Targets and Activities for use the information obtained to build waste management in the Western Cape...........................37

Table 14: Targets and Activities for continuous improvement of the database. ....................................................................................38

Table 15: Targets and Activities to ensure standard Municipal IWMP and Industry WMP formats.....................................................42

Table 16: Targets and Activities based on the standard formats, develop standard Terms of Reference...............................................43

Table 17: Targets and Activities to train and retrain Municipal staff. ...................................................................................................44

Table 18: Targets and Activities to ensure that industry has the resources to formulate WMPS...........................................................45

Table 19: Targets and Activities to monitor Municipal IWMPs and Industry WMPs...........................................................................46

Table 20: Targets and Activities to cost and budget for the activities associated with meeting the targets of the provincial IWMP .................................................................................................................................................................................48

Table 21: Targets and Activities to motivate for funds based on proper costing...................................................................................49

Table 22: Targets and Activities to obtain and spend budgets judiciously ............................................................................................50

FIGURES

Figure 1: Geographical Area under consideration ...................................................................................................................................2

Figure 2: Integrated Waste Management and Waste Hierarchy approach ...............................................................................................3

Figure 3: Interrelation of the components feeding into the Provincial IWMP.........................................................................................6

Figure 4: Relationship between different levels of Government and IWMPs........................................................................................17

APPENDICES

No table of contents entries found.


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November 2010 Report No. 12451 1

1.0 INTRODUCTION The Western Cape Provincial Integrated Waste Management Plan, Otherwise referred to as the Provincial IWMP, is a living document, i.e. it will be updated as appropriate. This chapter provides an overview as follows.

1.1 Background and Terms of Reference The National Waste Management Strategy (NWMS) identifies integrated waste management planning as a strategic objective, which is now enforced by the National Environmental Management: Waste Act (No. 59 of 2008) (hereafter referred to the Waste Act or NEMWA). Section 11 (1) of the Waste Act requires each province to prepare a Provincial IWMP. The Provincial IWMP, apart from improving waste management in the province, takes cognizance of other relevant provincial or municipal plans, e.g. the Hazardous Waste Management Plan 2006.

In June 2009, the Department of Environmental Affairs and Development Planning (DEA&DP), after initiating the development of the first generation IWMPs for thirty local municipalities in the Western Cape, addressed the need for a Provincial IWMP, by commissioning a service provider to formulate the Provincial IWMP as required in terms of NEMWA.

1.2 Purpose and Objectives of the Provincial IWMP The main objective is of the Western Cape Provincial IWMP are:

� To facilitate the implementation of the Waste Act and to improve waste management in the Western Cape.

� To promote sustainable waste management, which includes as a priority cleaner production, waste minimization, resource recovery and recycling.

Sub objectives are:

� To divert waste from landfill sites.

� To minimise adverse environmental and social impacts of waste management, particularly for the marginalised.

� To provide and promote realistic, cost effective short, medium and long-term goals for provincial waste management.

� To provide guidance and support for both municipalities and industries on developing IWMPs, based on a standard framework, which promotes Integrated Waste Management (IMP).

1.3 Relevant Legislation In addition to the National Waste Management Strategy and the National Environmental Management: Waste Act (No. 59 of 2008) mentioned in the Section1.1 above, the following Legislation is relevant:

� The Constitution (Act 108 of 1996)

� National Environmental Management Act (NEMA), Act 107 of 1998, Section 19

� National Environmental Management Waste Act (NEMWA), Act 59 of 2008

� The First Draft of the National Waste Management Strategy (NWMS) (2010)



The detail of the above is reflected in Appendix 1 of this report, and a more complete overview of the legislation is included in an Appendix of the Synthesis report, (see later).

2.0 SCOPE OF WORK The scope of the Provincial IWMP project is extensive in terms of geographical area covered, the implications of implementing Integrated Waste Management (IWM), and the report foundation upon which it is based.

2.1 Geographical Area The geographical area is the Western Cape Province as indicated in Figure 1.

Figure 1: Geographical Area under consideration

The area includes the City of Cape Town and the following districts:

� West Coast District

� Matzikama � Cederberg � Bergrivier � Saldanha Bay � Swartland

� Overberg

� Theewaterskloof � Overstrand � Cape Agulhus � Swellendam

� Cape Winelands District � Witzenberg � Drakenstein � Stellenbosch � Breede Valley � Langeberge

� Central Karoo District

� Laingsburg � Prince Albert � Beaufort West

� Eden District

� Kannaland � Hessequa � Mossel Bay � George � Oudtshoorn � Bitou � Knysna



2.2 The over-arching approach used in Provincial I WMP The over-arching approach used in the Provincial IWMP is to promote IWM. This is achieved by applying the Waste Hierarchy as indicated in Figure 2, which shows the NWMS 1999 and the Draft NWMS 2010 diagrams of the Waste Hierarchy, adapted to reflect DEA&DP’s views.

Waste Hierarchy

Prevention

Cleaner Production

Minimization

Re-use Recovery

Recycling

Composting Physical Chemical

Biological

Avoidance

Treatment

Destruction

Disposal Landfill

Figure 2: Integrated Waste Management and Waste Hierarchy approach

2.3 Reporting

In addition to a component in the project whereby the consultants train the DEA&DP staff, the Provincial IWMP comprises four free standing reports. The first three are summarized below and addressed in more detail in later sections. In the event that more information is required in these areas, the reader is referred to the original documents. The fourth report is the Provincial IWMP, which forms the content of this document.

� Synthesis Report

The general objective of the Synthesis Report, was to read and synthesize all relevant documents, to serve as a literature survey in support of the Status Quo Analysis and hence the Provincial IWMP. The relevant reports comprised, amongst others, Provincial Plans Frameworks and Strategies; DEA&DP waste management studies; Micro-economic Development Strategies (MEDS) and thirty first generation Municipal Integrated Waste Management Plans (Municipal IWMPs).These were Municipal IWMPs submitted to DEA&DP for assessment and monitoring.

� Status Quo Analysis

As the name implies, the general objective of the Status Quo Analysis was to assess the situation “on the ground” at the time of the development and drafting of the Provincial IWMP. This related to information in all the above documents. Especially in the case of the Municipal IWMPs dated information was brought up to date using standard approaches. This information was then cross checked in the field and made current where possible. Fieldwork involved visits to important stakeholders and telephone and e-mail contact where this was not possible.

� Gap and Needs analysis

Disposal

Treatment

Waste Avoidance

Recovery, Re-use and Recycling

Remediation if and when required



The general objective of the Gap and Needs analysis was to identity from the foregoing the shortcomings in the existing waste management systems and practices. These were then presented at stakeholder workshops with a view to prioritizing the Gaps into the Needs, as perceived by the public and private waste management sectors, as well as NGOs, community and industry representatives.

� Western Cape Provincial Integrated Waste Management Plan

The general objectives of the Provincial IWMP are set out in Section 1.2. As indicated the Provincial IWMP is the subject of this report, supported by the above freestanding reports. The Provincial IWMP has been workshopped with both the public and private waste management sectors, as well as NGOs, community and industry representatives.



3.0 UNDERLYING METHODOLOGY AND FINDINGS

3.1 Introduction To succeed, the Provincial IWMP must be simple, practical and implementable, so that Western Cape Province waste managers are able to use it as a regular reference and benchmark. It must also serve as a document to inform the public of DEA&DP’s intent to improve waste management services.

To make the Provincial IWMP credible, a Public Consultation Process commenced as soon as possible and continued throughout the process. This addressed both the public sector Municipal and private sector Industrial waste managers, as well as NGOs, community and industry representatives.

To meet the requirements of IWM, the Provincial IWMP focuses on cleaner production, waste minimization and resource recovery.

Composting of organic waste and re-use and recycling of builders’ rubble is seen as the most efficient way to meaningfully divert waste from landfill. Clean Development Mechanisms (CDM) and Energy generation from waste are also considered.

Where landfill sites still exist and are not environmentally acceptable, better landfilling operation is to be ensured by implementing the Minimum Requirements for Waste Disposal by Landfill. Although the waste classification system started by the National Department will replace sections of the Minimum Requirements, those pertaining to improving inadequate landfill operations are still relevant.

3.2 Public Participation Process Throughout the Provincial IWMP project, public participation received high priority. Public participation is one of the most important elements of the development process; therefore stakeholders were reached through advertisements in prominent newspapers, such as the Burger and the Cape Times. All respondents were then placed on a database. This database was supplemented by the IWMSA, WISA, CAIA and DEA&DP’s databases.

The above databases were used to inform the stakeholders of the project and the workshops. The first workshop was to discuss this Status Quo Report and the Gaps identified from the investigations. This, in effect, provided an opportunity for the public to take ownership of the Provincial IWMP and to transform the Gaps identified into actual prioritised Needs.

The second workshop was to discuss the draft Provincial IWMP. This too provided an opportunity for the public to contribute and thus take ownership of the Provincial IWMP.

In all, three workshops were held to discuss this Status Quo Report and the Gaps, (Goudini, Oudtshoorn and Cape Town) and three workshops were held to discuss the draft Provincial IWMP, (Mosselbay, Athlone and Paarl). As will be noted from Figure 3, the draft Provincial IWMP was completed prior to the second set of workshops to ensure that a “proper” document was developed for stakeholders to engage with, and to provide DEA&DP with the necessary direction. A Waste Minimization Summit was also used as a means of obtaining input during the Status Quo Analysis.

3.3 Interrelationship of components Apart from the public participation process addressed above, there are many components that form part of the setting up of the Provincial IWMP. Since the interrelationships might cause confusion, for ease of understanding, Figure 3 sets out the components.

SYNTHESIS REPORT

(Based on dated reports)

UPDATE DATA BY FIELDWORK

CALCULATIONS (Based on 2010 statistics)

DRAFT STATUS



Figure 3: Interrelation of the components feeding into the Provincial IWMP

From the above it is seen that the Synthesis Report, the data update including field work and calculations all feed into the Draft Status Quo Report. From the Draft Status Quo Report, certain gaps are identified. These are presented to the public waste managers and others at Workshop 1. At Workshop 1, the gaps presented are then analysed and discussed, while others were added. As a consequence of this exercise the gaps are presented as prioritized needs. The prioritized needs are then used as the basis of the Gap and Needs Analysis Report. The Gap and Needs Analysis Report and the Draft Status Quo Report then feed into the Draft Provincial IWMP. This is then presented for feedback in Workshop 2.

Based on the outcome of Workshop 2 and input from DEA&DP, the Provincial IWMP is completed. The Final Provincial IWMP then comprises Action Plans, Deliverables and Time Frames. These in turn address



issues like Municipal IWMPs, Industrial Waste Management Plans (Industry WMPs), Governance / responsibilities, policy and regulation. This all in the framework set out in Sections 1.2 and 3.1.

3.4 Research and Reporting As noted this section is an amplification of Section 2.2, and the reader is again referred to the original documents, in the event of requiring more detailed information.

3.4.1 The Synthesis Report The Synthesis Report was basically the desk top study that served as the literature survey. As the basis for the Synthesis Report, the relevant legislation was reviewed and all relevant documents were read. These were then assessed to determine to what extent they fitted into or affected the Provincial IWMP. This “synthesis” thus provides a foundation for the Status Quo Analysis and ultimately the Provincial IWMP.

Project team members’ experience was used throughout the analysis of reports, both in terms of evaluating the application of waste management principles and assessing the relevance of the information available to the Provincial IWMP. In general, the documents that were highly relevant to the Provincial IWMP (e.g. those pertaining to IWM and relevant methodology) were discussed in depth, resulting in longer summaries, while those considered less relevant were summarised in less detail.

Of major significance, were the thirty First Generation Municipal IWMPs, which comprised the Cape Town metro municipality, five district and twenty four local municipalities. These are referred to as “First Generation” because they represent the initial plans developed by the municipalities, which will require improvement in future iterations. Since the terms of reference for the Municipal IWMPs differed widely, there was little or no basis for meaningful comparisons or extracting reliable data. To address this, a matrix was developed with the assistance of the DEA&DP assessments of the Municipal IWMPs and the information required.

Other reports reviewed included:

� DEA&DP’s reports on waste management, undertaken over the past decade, to provide an indication of priorities, initiatives and progress.

� Various reports on waste management studies in the Western Cape Province, with a view to obtaining baseline information. These included but were not limited to the following (which have been referenced in the Synthesis Report):

- Provincial Response Strategy and Action Plan on Climate Change 2008.

- Sustainable Development Implementation Plan, August 2008.

- Provincial Spatial Development Framework, November 2005.

- Western Cape Growth and Development Strategy, November 2007.

- Micro-economic Development Strategy, various dates.

- State of the Province Report (2008)

- Draft Western Cape Sustainability Report, Draft 3, Rev 1. 2008.

The review and synthesis of the above reports provided material that was processed and updated for the Status Quo Report. However, as indicated in DEA&DP’s terms of reference for this project, there is a paucity of information relating to the private industrial sector which is a large waste producer. This deficiency was evident when reading the above documentation.



OBSERVATIONS

Observations gleaned from the Synthesis Report are as follows:

� The waste related reports provided a foundation for the development of the Provincial IWMP. Those relating to IWM had the greatest relevance.

� Most of the Waste Management related reports referred to some or other spectrum of waste management problems.

CONCLUSIONS

The conclusions emanating from this study are numerous and diverse. Consequently, most are included in relevant sections later in this report as findings or conclusions. However, those that relate to meeting the objectives—the Provincial IWMP and DEA&DP’s expressed interests—are repeated below.

� The project team assessed the first generation Municipal IWMPs and is familiar with both their qualitative and quantitative aspects.

� To the extent that progress could be assessed (with regard to the implementation of the IWMPs), it appears that there has been relatively little.

� No standard terms of reference existed for the First Generation Municipal IWMPs in the Western Cape. Although the National IWMP Starter Document did exist at that time, it did not serve as an IWMP terms of reference. This resulted in inconsistent results.

� Regarding the Municipal IWMP implementation, it appears that common constraints were identified as lack of capacity or finance to address the continued shortage of equipment (such as trucks and the replacing of ageing fleets). By-laws could not be reformed because of a lack of legal expertise.

� Information from municipal IWMP needs to be distilled into the Provincial plan, which deals with strategic and cross-cutting issues which have relevance to the municipalities, the relevant provincial departments, industry and public.

� The Municipal IWMPs and the Assessment Reports provide excellent insight into what components DEA&DP requires to be included in the framework for the Provincial IWMP.

� The Synthesis Report has served to complete the major portion of the desktop study / literature survey necessary for the Status Quo Report. It has also identified commonalities, gaps, exceptions and anomalies relevant to the status quo.

� Regarding fieldwork, it has been stated that while some fieldwork is essential as part of the Status Quo Analysis to supplement the desk study / literature survey, the intention is not to gather more detail to add to the pool, but rather to gather information that will actually contribute to the Provincial IWMP.

� The MEDS study indicated that because of the prominence of the Oil and Gas sector in South Africa, both up and downstream wastes represent major issues, as do land cleanup and rehabilitation. The Provincial IWMP will therefore have to address these.

� The management of waste disposal facilities appears to be poor throughout the Province, and therefore the management of the waste management facilities and compliance with legislation needs to be address in the Provincial IWMP.

� As noted previously, although the Waste Classification System addresses waste disposal in South Africa, it does not address the detail of landfill operation. Consequently, the Minimum Requirements remain fundamental to the proper operation of waste disposal facilities in most cases. They should



therefore be an integral part - in fact, the basis - for any part of the Provincial IWMP which addresses the unavoidable aspect of waste disposal.

� The Spacial Development and Spacial Development Implementation Plans outline numerous challenges, priority areas and actions to be taken, but in some areas fall short of giving clear direction on what the enabling instruments should be.

� With regard to industry it would appear at this stage that the Provincial IWMP must make provision for sector IWMPs to be aligned with the national industry guideline document, so that each industry can be assessed independently.

� Because they are “high level” documents, the MEDS will not make a significant impact on the Provincial IWMP. Instead, issues will be identified and addressed in the Industry and sector WMPs, in line with NEMWA. This was also indicated in the associated MEDS study

� The Recycling Economy Study of the Western Cape (2006) includes a plethora of highly relevant information. It is aligned with the goals and objectives of the Provincial IWMP, i.e. to move from basic waste management to integrated waste management in a sustainable manner and is absolutely indispensible to the development of the Provincial IWMP.

� One of the findings of Recycling Economy Study led to the Waste Minimisation Summit As seen in Figure 3, the recommendations of proceedings from the summit were used in the Status Quo Analysis.

� Many municipalities are actively engaged in resource recovery initiatives involving private sector partnerships for recycling. In smaller municipalities, resources for public awareness, education and facilities are limited. The Provincial IWMP must make provision for these.

� Because the information is 8 years old in some instances, it needs to be brought up to date.

� The legislative framework, i.e. the by-laws, requires to be addressed in the Provincial IWMP, as they are incomplete. They should be aligned with NEMWA to enable integrated waste management practices.

� The involvement and consultation of the public is a major aspect of the Provincial IWMP, but constitutes a big gap in the Municipal IWMPs. Requirements in this regard must therefore be included in the Provincial IWMP.

� Sewage sludge is mentioned in terms of composting and as a biofuel. It will be part of the Provincial IWMP, as will climate change issues.

� Integrated Waste Management (including waste avoidance and waste reduction), as mentioned in many of the documents read, will be included in the Provincial IWMP in an implementable manner. This will assist in the paradigm shift from “end of the pipe” waste management to Integrated Waste Management.

GAPS AND ANOMALIES

� Generally there was a paucity of usable statistical information. This is not a criticism, and it is not considered significant with regard to the Provincial IWMP, which will be based on concept, not detail.

� There was a general gap in the existence and implementation of by-laws, which must be addressed in the Provincial IWMP.



� Most waste management-related reports referred to waste management problems, but few provided clear, detailed and implementable solutions.

� Most importantly, possibly on account of the above, it appears that few of the recommendations made have been implemented or progress monitored.

� There are, however, a few notable reports where clear recommendations are made and implementable solutions offered; in these cases, the recommended measures have been taken. These are clearly identified in the source document.

IMPLICATIONS FOR THE PROVINCIAL IWMP

� Of the Gaps that will be addressed in the Provincial IWMP the following two will receive the most attention:

1. Clear, detailed solutions will be provided and the means for achieving them set out in the Provincial IWMP.

2. Definite Monitoring and Evaluation measures will be included to ensure that the Provincial IWMP is implemented and that progress in this regard is monitored.

In addition to the two emphasised Gaps above, obviously gaps such as municipal by-laws and others will be addressed in the Provincial IWMP.

3.4.2 The Status Quo Report According to the Webster dictionary, the word “Status Quo” means “current status”. Consequently a Status Quo Analysis applies only to the situation “on the ground”; i.e. at the time of the development and drafting of the report. However, while the status quo report does not involve projections, in the Provincial IWMP, certain projections need to be made, e.g. population projections for input with regard to waste generation in future

Data from the Synthesis report was updated using standard approaches where appropriate. Validation was achieved by gathering further information through meetings, site visits and calls.

Once the above had been done, it was again observed by DEA&DP that there was a paucity of industrial waste data. This was in spite of attempts to qualify and quantify industrial waste from waste disposal site records, as well as approaches to industry directly. As in the past, industrial waste generators were reticent to divulge waste information, but further efforts were made to obtain information from this sector.

INITIAL CONCLUSIONS

The conclusions emanating from this portion of the project were numerous and diverse. The main conclusions were as follows:

� From a review of the “report based” information pertaining to the status quo (originally Since it is seen from the first generation municipal IWMPs that significant basic service backlogs exist (waste collection, transport and disposal), it must be concluded that these represent a high priority in terms of the NEMWA and draft NWMS requirements.

� Based on information from the IWMPs and field observations it is concluded that no significant changes have taken place in either methodology or problems with regard to waste storage, collection, transport and disposal in the past decade. A recent factor that has become an issue in the past decade is waste services for the “backyard” populations.

� Transfer stations are becoming more and more commonplace in the Western Cape. The City of Cape Town has two, handling around 1000 tons/day, there are four more handling between 50 and 100



tons/day, and then there are numerous small facilities, including drop off facilities. The latter are often supplemented with garden refuse sites, equipped with chippers to make compost. From this it is concluded that the concept of regionalizing landfills and logical resource recovery is taking place at the “nodes”, i.e. transfer stations.

� Since industrial waste accounts for at least 60% of the waste stream, post-consumer waste minimization is relatively insignificant when compared with the impacts of pre-consumer waste minimization.

� A key success factor in resource recovery and recycling is an enthusiastic and committed person who champions the cause.

� There is a surplus of recyclable plastics on the market. For this reason, recyclers can choose clean product from a clean MRF, as opposed to contaminated plastics from dirty MRFs. Furthermore, dirty MRFs are far less efficient than clean MRFs or sorting stations. It is estimated that recovery rates are of the order of 2% and 70% respectively. This leads to the conclusion that in future clean MRFs should be built instead of dirty MRFs.

� According to glass recyclers in the province, glass recycling is done as the producers’ environmental responsibility and not for financial benefits.

� From the above, it is evident how difficult it is to monitor the activity of the recycling industries. It is also evident that many recyclables converters are in economic difficulty. However, recyclers feel that the industry has the potential to grow, employ people, boost economic activity and reduce waste going to landfill. It is currently not flourishing due to difficult economic circumstances and a lack of education, research and development.

� From figures provided in the text, it is concluded that composting is growing in the Western Cape. This is attributed to both suburban growth and greater awareness.

� Since there are few, if any, builders’ rubble sites (because they attract other waste as well), it is concluded that most builders’ rubble is allowed to go to landfill free to meet cover requirements and to reduce illegal dumping. This uses up valuable airspace and there is only limited crushing to alleviate the situation.

� At present, in the Western Cape, only the City of Cape Town is looking at Landfill Gas (LFG) for fuel and energy production. This is on account of landfill size and available resources. It is concluded that for these reasons LFG extraction will only take place in Cape Town in the foreseeable future.

� Based on treatment records, Healthcare Waste almost doubled from 2003 to 2009. In 2003 there were 13 private contractors providing services within the Western Cape Province. In 2010, in addition to the 2 companies providing the bulk of the health care waste collection

� presented in the Synthesis Report), it is concluded that:

� The different reports assessed indicated interrelationships between the proposed Provincial IWMP and various sectors, policies and legislation.

� As indicated by DEA&DP, there is indeed an information deficit with regard to industrial waste management.

� Notwithstanding the above, the 2003 to 2007 data in the Synthesis Report does provide a reasonable basis for the current status quo.

� Excluding private weighbridges, there are only a few operating weighbridges servicing the landfills and transfer stations in the province. The reason why an exact figure cannot be provided is that some weighbridges are not working and some are being installed. Nonetheless, it is clear that there is a



paucity of weigh bridges in the Western Cape Province. Consequently, the conclusion is that calculations of waste generation figures are, at best, less than an exact science, and quantities mentioned are mere estimates with a relatively poor degree of certainty

� Although inconclusive, the waste stream analysis for the Western Cape reflects the following component ranges:

� Paper 13% to 28%

� Plastic 10% to 33%

� Greens/organic 14% to 39%

� Glass 5% to 13 %

From the above it is concluded that in many cases these components represent significant opportunity to divert waste from landfill, so that their recovery and recycling must be promoted.

� Weighbridge figures from the City of Cape Town show the gross waste breakdown as follows:

� General 75% to 80%

� Inert 15% to 20%

� Greens/organic >5%

� Special 5%

The low figure for greens and organics is attributed to the City’s existing composting system. However, it will be much higher in most other municipalities.

� From a method of comparing and averaging waste generation figures from four methods, it was concluded that the municipal waste generated in the Western Cape amounts to 3.66 million tons per annum (with Cape Town representing 69% of the total). This was based on a figure for the City of Cape Town of 2 550 000 million tons per annum.

� Based on a subsequent figure of 1 800 000 million tons per annum provided by the City of Cape Town, the total municipal waste generated in the Western Cape amounts to 3.3 million tons per annum (with Cape Town representing 63% of the total). This latter calculation is believed to be the accurate one.

service within the Western Cape Province, there were 18 which provided a sanitary waste service. From this, it is concluded that this growing market is now better exploited and serviced. Notwithstanding this, as in the 2003 Situational Analysis a lack of regulatory controls was also found in 2010.

� Further regarding HCW treatment, in 2003 there were 4 service providers. In 2010 there were 2 directly involved with the treatment either by incineration or Electro Thermal Destruction (ETD). Each had an established track record and fully conformed to accepted norms and it is assumed that they were more efficient than the original 4. In 2010, 8 provincial and one private hospital also incinerated HCW in a non compliant manner.

� In the absence of hazardous waste manifest systems and a lack of credible data, this information was obtained from the private Vissershok Waste Management Facility (VWMF) (H:H) and the City of Cape Town Hazardous Waste Facility (H:h). This indicated that, with variations, this waste increased from 390 000 tons per annum in 2006 to 505 000 tons per annum in 2009, notwithstanding the economic



downturn. However, higher figures recorded in 2007, 2008 and 2009 may indicate a downward trend. Based on this and the many variables involved, it is concluded that this data may not be reliable.

� Oil and solvent generation and recycling data is preliminary, and the Provincial IWMP will have to make provision for collecting such data.

� In terms of the National Sludge guidelines; sewage sludge can be disposed of by Composting, Land farming or Landfill, in order of descending desirability. However as sewage sludge is now classified as a hazardous waste any activity which involves managing it, must be licensed. In the City of Cape Town, the statistics are reasonable, but on account of a poor response to the questionnaire, there is little other data. Consequently, the Provincial IWMP will also have to make provision to collect such data.

GAPS IDENTIED DURING THE STATUS QUO ANALYSIS

The following gaps are provided in point form without grouping or prioritizing, as this was accomplished in the Gaps and Needs Analysis Report.

� There are significant basic service backlogs (storage, collection, transport and disposal), especially in the marginalized areas. These represent a high priority gap to be addressed.

� In parallel with addressing the above basic service backlogs, environmental awareness and education with regard to integrated waste management (minimization, recovery, recycling and reuse) must be provided. This is a gap that has to be addressed if recycling schemes are to be developed amongst the low income groups.

� The requisite “higher standards envisaged translate into higher costs”. Since there is a general lack of funds to meet these costs this emerges as a significant cost.

� There is a general lack of reliable (statistically meaningful) information from both the municipalities and the private sector. Since one cannot manage what one cannot measure, general waste stream, recycling and industrial waste monitoring represent a major gap.

� There are no consistent frameworks for IWMP content and hence, terms of reference for IWMPs and the results vary widely.

� Basic services (which are a Constitutional right) and any higher standards envisaged translate into higher costs. The consequent gap is a general lack of funding to meet these costs, and in fact, waste management in general.

� National and Provincial Government could also provide more financial support for IWM, such as providing initial incentives like rebates and tariff reductions per unit recycled. This represents a gap, as it takes place in other countries. Government could also promote the conversion of recovered materials. The gaps that need to be addressed are a lack of conversion infrastructure and an oversupply of recyclable materials, leading to the flooding of the market, which reduces the diversion of waste from landfill

� Until this gap is properly addressed, the diversion of waste from landfill will result in current landfill costs being spread over fewer tons of waste. This will result in increased unit waste disposal costs (diseconomies of scale.)

� There is a general gap with regard to resource shortages, i.e. money, men and machines, in waste management. Staff vacancies and staff training also need to be addressed.

� There is a gap in the existence, implementation and enforcement of appropriate by-laws by the Municipalities. Also, informal service delivery is not reported.



� The City of Cape Town is facing a major gap, in that it is running out of landfill airspace. For political reasons, however, the regional landfill project that commenced in 2000 has not yet yielded a landfill. A regional hazardous waste site is also needed in Eden.

� Most landfills do not comply with the Minimum Requirements for Waste Disposal by Landfill. This represents a major enforcement gap.

� Illegal dumping and builders’ rubble disposal are seldom reported. This gap needs to be addressed with a view to properly qualifying and quantifying waste streams. In the absence of mass data, some reports use estimated, and hence highly suspect, volumes. The gap is a credible standardized waste quantifying method, in the absence of a weighbridge.

� With the exception of the 2004 City of Cape Town IWMP, the first generation Municipal IWMPs generally make no clear and implementable IWM recommendations. Clear and implementable IWM recommendations therefore represent a gap that must be addressed in the Provincial IWMP.

� A further gap exists in that, other than in the City of Cape Town, no individual municipalities made reference to climate change (awareness/initiatives).

� There is a gap relating to the perception that recycled materials are vastly inferior to virgin materials. Research is needed to prove or dispel this view.

� Numerous wastes, such as agriculture and beach wastes, have not been addressed in IWMPs. This gap must be addressed in the future.

� There is a lack of public awareness; ignorance and in some cases a general apathy towards integrated waste management are prevalent. This gap can only be solved by performance and awareness creation.

� In holiday towns, measured required or used to address the increased waste generated as a function of the holiday influx of people, have not been spelled out. This is a need to be addressed in the Provincial IWMP.

Based on the information above, a list of preliminary “gaps” was identified. This created a good basis to proceed with the Gap Analysis and Needs Report, to be initiated in Stakeholder Workshops.

3.4.3 The Gaps & Needs Report In preparation for the three first round stakeholder workshops in April/May 2010, the gaps identified in the Status Quo were grouped as in Table 1, for presentation.

Table 1: Gaps Identified – Status Quo



Institutional Issues

1.1 There are no standardized Terms of Reference for Municipal IWMPs

1.2 There is a lack of proper Hazardous Waste Management systems

1.3 Municipal waste disposal has not been given sufficient priority

Regulation & Enforcement

1.4 By-laws and enforcement are deficient (lack of by-laws & enforcement)

1.5 Licensing of landfill sites & adherence to Minimum Requirements are lacking

Socio Economics

1.6 Backlog of BWM in lower income areas

1.7 Holiday influx provision for higher income groups in holiday towns

Technical & Operational

1.8 Insufficient Landfill airspace 1.9 Lack of Infrastructure &

equipment, e.g. no backup Waste Hierarchy

1.10 Lack of recycling Financial & Economics

1.11 Budget limitations – facility management (personnel resources and engineering) and monitoring.

1.12 No full costing of Waste Management services

Waste Information

1.13 A lack of accurate waste data in both public and private sectors

1.14 There is a reluctance to divulge Information (private sector)

1.15 Lack of industry information (quantities and types of major waste streams) within priority sectors

Strategic Gaps

1.16 No reference to climate change in Municipal IWMPs

1.17 Numerous wastes not addressed in IWMPs

1.18 Lack of spatial planning with regard to other land uses vs. waste infrastructure

Awareness and Education

1.19 Municipal responsibilities & roles re waste management lacking because of lack of training & institutional memory

1.20 IWM not sufficiently promoted

1.21 Public not made sufficiently aware of the above

Industry & Commerce

1.22 Industry’s role in promoting Waste Management practices insufficient

1.23 Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR) not sufficiently promoted.

The above Gaps were then workshopped with the stakeholders, with a view to prioritizing the Gaps into the Needs, as perceived by the waste management practitioners.

Thirteen priority needs, which form the basis for the Provincial IWMP, were thus identified in a defensible manner. They are presented in Table 2:



Table 2: Final List of Priority Needs in the Gap and Needs Report

FINAL LIST OF PRIORITY NEEDS

1. Awareness, education and training

2. Accurate and reliable information

3. Funding

4. Enforcement (capacity, by laws, policies, political commitment)

5. Recycling (household separation, separate systems, enforcement, markets, incentives)

6. Regional, municipal and industrial waste management planning – regional facilities

7. Extended Producer Responsibility – enforcement of waste management in industry (production)

8. Agricultural and animal Waste Management (abattoirs)

9. Household hazardous waste (legislation, disposal and collection facilities)

10. Sewage sludge management – composting, land farming

11. Waste to energy technology (guidelines, R&D and list of approved technologies)

12. Health care waste treatment facilities

13. Coordination between government and private sector



4.0 DEVELOPMENT OF THE WESTERN PROVINCIAL IWMP 4.1 Introduction The development of the Western Province IWMP is based on the content of this report. This in turn is supported by the three freestanding reports, i.e. the Synthesis Report, the Status Quo Report and the Gap and Needs analysis Report.

There are several existing sets Provincial Guidelines for the development of Municipal IWMPs in South Africa. Of these, the Western Cape Province guidelines are the most evolved. While every effort has been made to incorporate the essence of these, it submitted that to address the detail involved in a Municipal IWMP would detract from the simplicity and the success of implementation of this document. It must be understood that the Provincial IWMP provides a conceptual framework which accords with National and Provincial legislation, strategy and policy. This in turn provides a roadmap of where Provincial Waste Management is intended to go and the mandate of provincial environmental department. The Municipal IWMPs, however, address the detail required to populate the above framework within each municipal area of jurisdiction.

In light of the above, information for the Provincial IWMP is required from the District and Municipal IWMPs. In essence, this means that information from the Municipal IWMPs must be provided before the Provincial IWMP can be completed. This relationship will affect timescales, which will be dependent on cooperation and reporting structure. The reporting structure is depicted in Figure 4 below.

Figure 4: Relationship between different levels of Government and IWMPs.

From Figure 4, it is seen that DEA&DP would need to base the Provincial IWMP on five District IWMPs (and that of the City of Cape Town). The district IWMPs would in turn be based on Municipal IWMPs within their jurisdiction with regards to the Municipal Structures Act.

The Provincial IWMP is based on Constitutional and legislative mandates, together with political strategic mandates

NATIONAL GOVERNMENT Monitoring Evaluation and enforcement

PROVINCIAL GOVERNMENT

IWMP and Information

METRO & DISTRICT GOVERNMENT (5)

LOCAL GOVERNMENT (24)



4.2 Identified Gaps and Needs There were four sources of Gaps and/or needs in the project.

1. The first gap was that identified by DEA&DP in the Project Terms of Reference, i.e. “One of the information gaps already identified by the Department is information on the generation, storage, recycling, treatment and disposal of waste from business and industry”.

2. The gaps identified at the Waste Minimization Summit, which were in fact included in the status quo analysis.

3. The gaps identified from the Status Quo Report.

4. The gaps identified in the Status Quo Report, which were presented at the first round of three Stakeholders Workshops, were then transformed into prioritized needs from the stakeholders’ point of view.

The latter were then integrated into the priority needs presented in the Gap and Needs Report, see Table 3 below.

Table 3: Final List of Priority Needs in the Gap and Needs Report No PRIORITY NEEDS

From the Gaps and Needs Analysis Report

1 To promote waste management awareness, education and training

2 To obtain and provide accurate and reliable information, especially industry.

3 To obtain funding, through proper planning and council approval, to improve waste management

4 To enforce National and Provincial legislation, policies, political commitment

5 To promote IWM recycling (household separation, separate systems, enforcement, markets, incentives)

6 To produce municipal and industrial waste IWM planning, including regional facilities

7 To extend Producer Responsibility to assist post production waste management

8 To address Agricultural and animal Waste Management (abattoirs)

9 To address Household hazardous waste (legislation, disposal and collection facilities)

10 To address Sewage sludge management – composting, land farming

11 To address Waste to Energy technology (WTE) (guidelines and approved technology)

12 To address healthcare waste treatment facilities

13 To promote coordination between government and private sector



4.3 Provincial IWMP Prioritization and Sequencing of N eeds The Provincial IWMP is intended to be concise, focussed and implementable. Consequently, the thirteen needs reflected in the Gap and Needs Report, are prioritized in terms of meeting the project objectives and NEMWA.

For ease of reference the Project Objectives are summarized below:

1. To facilitate the implementation of the Waste Act

2. To promote sustainable waste management

3. To divert waste from landfill sites

4. To minimise adverse environmental and social impacts of waste management

5. To provide and promote realistic, cost effective short, medium and long-term goals.

Tables 4 and 5 use a simple scoring system to provide an indication of which of the needs identified in the Gap and Needs Analysis Report. This exercise indicates that the Gap and Needs Analysis Report was by and large correct.

To address all thirteen needs identified in the Gap and Needs Analysis Report to the same level would remove the desired focus of the Provincial IWMP. Consequently, based on the simple scoring system, these have been divided into Priority Needs, Secondary Needs and Other.

Table 4: Scoring of Identified Priority Needs No PRIORITY NEEDS


Number of Project ToR Objectives met (total = 5)

NEMWA DRAFT NWMS

Score

1 To promote waste management awareness, education and training

XXXXX X X 7

2 To promote IWM recycling (household separation, separate systems, enforcement, markets, incentives)

XXXXX X X 7

3 To produce municipal and industrial waste IWMPs, including regional facilities

XXXXX X X 7

4 To obtain and provide accurate and reliable information, especially industry.

XXXX X X 6

5 To obtain funding in order to improve waste management (full costing).

XXXXX X 6

6 To implement NEMWA, enforce legislation, and policies, and obtain political commitment

XXXXX X > 7

Priority needs comprise the bolded listings in Table 4 above. These are most representative of the project objectives and the NEMWA. They are consequently developed into the needs-based objectives on which the Provincial IWMP is based. These, in turn, involve attributing Governance responsibilities (i.e., policy and regulation), action plans and budgets, implementation program, monitoring, evaluation, review and reporting, project schedule, time frames and amendment procedures.



Table 5: Scoring and ranking of Identified Secondary Needs No SECONDARY NEEDS


Number of Project ToR Objectives met (total = 5)

NEMWA DRAFT NWMS

Score

7 To extend Producer Responsibility to assist post production waste management

X X X <5

8 To address Agricultural and animal Waste Management (abattoirs)

X X X <5

9 To address Household hazardous waste (legislation, disposal and collection facilities)

X X X <5

10 To address Sewage sludge management – composting, land farming

X X X <5

11 To address WTE (guidelines, R&D and approved technologies)

X X X <5

12 To address healthcare waste treatment facilities X X X <5

13 To promote coordination between government and private sector

X X X <5

Secondary needs comprise the last seven unbolded listings in the table, together with others identified during the project. They are not considered to be primary needs, either because they are too focused on a relatively small aspect of waste management, or because DEA&DP already has addressed them to some extent. Although they are important, as are other needs identified during the course of the project, they cannot be addressed in the same detail as the primary needs. Instead, they are summarised, and appropriate measures are recommended to address them in future, possibly once the primary needs have been addressed.

4.4 Formulating Needs Based Objectives As with the DEA&DP Guidelines for drawing up Municipal IWMP, the Provincial IWMP is based on the Needs, which are derived from the above process. However, the Needs Based Objectives have been logically grouped and sequenced to facilitate continuity and timing. Sequencing is based on a general timeframe for the Provincial IWMP, as follows.

Table 6: General Timeframe for Provincial IWMP Components Needs based Objective 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

Implementing NEMWA

Creating awareness

Obtaining Information

Mun. and Industrial WMPs

Funding



4.4.1 Primary Needs Based Objectives The Primary Needs Based Objectives are as follows:

� To take steps to facilitate the implementation of the Waste Act, create and enforce by-laws and policies, as well as obtain political commitment. This is fundamental to using the authority vested in DEA&DP, to implement and enforce NEMWA and all the associated implications.

� To promote IWM through awareness, education and training. This addresses all of the theory associated with the Provincial IWMP objectives and provides the basis for informed decision making in the future. DEA&DP is to continue promoting Integrated Waste Management, i.e. recycling in all its facets, and hence sustainable waste management. The Integrated Waste Management approach will also make this the main objective for the diversion of wastes from landfill.

� To obtain and provide accurate and reliable information, especially from industry. Data quality dictates the ability to manage. In the Status Quo Analysis, accurate and reliable data was non existent. For the Municipal and Provincial IWMPs it is an essential. Furthermore, it is most important for costing and motivating for funding of NEMWA and the promotion of sustainable waste management amongst other things.

� To enforce the development of the municipal and Industrial WMPs. The development of municipal and Industrial WMPs is fundamental to the implementation of NEMWA and the promotion of sustainable waste management amongst other things.

� To obtain funding in order to improve waste management (full costing). Without funding, neither the Province nor the Municipalities would be able implement NEMWA or Integrated Waste Management projects. In addressing the above objectives, the governance, policy and regulation deliverables in Figure 3 will be accommodated, as will the provision of standard IWMP formats for Municipal and Industrial WMPs.

4.4.2 Addressing Secondary and other Needs These have to be addressed in the Provincial IWMP and are as follows:

� Hazardous Wastes

� Healthcare Waste (draft Bill)

� Sewage Sludge Management – Composting, Land farming

� Household Hazardous Waste

� E-waste

� Sector Wastes

� Other Priority wastes

� Contaminated Land and Rehab (NEMWA Part 8)

� CERCLA 1986

� Inventory

� Prioritize

� Funding



� Problematic Wastes

� Agricultural and Animal Waste (abattoirs)

� Tyres and white goods

� Concepts

� Free basic services

� Extended Producer Responsibility

� Waste Management Planning with regard to Infrastructure Planning

� Waste Diversion from landfills

� Regionalization of Landfills (economies of scale)

� Coordination between Public and Private Sectors

� Climate Change

� Other

� Waste Management at Large Sports Events

� Waste Management associated with Holiday Influx



5.0 IMPLEMENTATION OF THE WASTE ACT (NEMWA) 5.1 Introduction Whereas the 1998 NWMS and the first draft of the 2010 NWMS serve as Drivers for the Provincial (and other) IWMPs, it is the implementation of the National Environmental Management Waste Act, NEMWA Act 59 of 2008, and all that it entails, that is the focus of the Western Cape Provincial IWMP.

In addition to the above, as indicated in the first generation of Municipal IWMP in the Western Cape, there is a need to create, tailor and enforce legislation, municipal by-laws and policies. To implement these, there is a need to as obtain political buy in and commitment.

In the case of industry, insufficient focussed legislation exists to obtain either information or enforce compliance in many instances. Consequently, additional regulations are required in this regard. Before publishing a notice in terms of subsections (1), (2) or (3) of NEMWA the Minister of the Executive Council of the Province (MEC), must follow a consultative process in accordance with sections 72 and 73.

5.2 Objectives and Scope of the Waste Act

The Objectives and Scope of NEMWA are stated as follows: “(a) To protect health, well-being and the environment by providing reasonable measures:

(i) To minimize the consumption of natural resources; (ii) To avoid and minimize the generation of waste; (iii) To reduce, re-use, recycle and recover waste; (iv) To treat and safely dispose of waste as a last resort; (v) To prevent pollution and ecological degradation; (vi) To secure ecologically sustainable development while promoting justifiable economic and social

development; (vii) To promote and ensure the effective delivery of waste services; (viii) To remediate land where contamination presents, or may present, a significant risk of harm to

health or the environment: and (ix) To achieve integrated waste management reporting and planning;

(b) To ensure that people are aware of the impact of waste on their health, well-being and the environment; (c) To provide for compliance with the measures set out in paragraph (a) above; (d) To generally give effect to section 24 of the Constitution in order to secure an environment that is not

harmful to health and well-being.”

5.3 Needs covered by implementing the Waste Act The Priority Needs identified in the Provincial IWMP, where Provincial IWMP interventions will make the greatest positive impacts, are all aligned with the aims and the provisions made by NEMWA. These needs are all addressed in the following Chapters. However, certain specific needs which are covered by NEMWA are not explicit in the above objectives. Although these needs are addressed in subsequent chapters; an important and relevant sequence is highlighted below, as follows:

� NEMWA aims to move away from Basic Waste Management to Integrated Waste Management – often referred to as a “paradigm shift”.



� NEMWA aims to maximize waste diversion from landfills.

� NEMWA aims at effective monitoring of trends regarding the above.

� NEMWA aims at obtaining accurate information on which to base monitoring.

� NEMWA aims, through Municipal IWMPs and Industry IMPs, to provide the above.

� NEMWA aims at ensuring that the operation of all waste management facilities, licensed or unlicensed, comply with the minimum requirements.

� NEMWA aims at licensing all unlicensed waste management facilities.

� NEMWA aims through the Provincial IWMP to set appropriate targets regarding all of the above.

� NEMWA aims through the Provincial IWMP to set up performance and compliance monitoring systems.

5.4 Governance The institutional roles for National, Provincial and Local Government are defined in the Constitution, NEMA and NEMWA, as well as in the Municipal Systems Act, 32 of 2000. Since NEMWA is National legislation, it is the role of the Provincial Authority, DEA&DP in this case, to take steps to facilitate its implementation and enforcement. In this regard, NEMWA makes provision for the MEC to appoint a member of DEA&DP as the waste management officer to ensure that waste is managed properly in the Province. The NEMWA provisions, which relate mainly to the Municipalities, are summarized in the next section. These must be applied and enforced by DEA&DP, through direct liaison with the District and Local Authorities, or through the District Authorities (preferable).

Municipalities must use their executive authority to deliver waste management services, including removal, storage and disposal, in the areas of their jurisdiction. These services must be provided at an acceptable standard and cost. Service provision must be in line with the Municipal Systems Act (MSA), and with an identifiable trend towards Integrated Waste Management. Wherever a Municipality passes a bylaw, a consultative process must be undertaken.

In the case of industry, DEA&DP must use the provisions in NEMWA to obtain the requisite information from industry, and to enforce compliance with the requirements of NEMWA. Wherever possible, especially in licensing, cooperative governance is encouraged. Also with regard to governance, the introduction to governance must be around how various industry sectors who can work together to address IWM awareness.

5.5 Municipal Bylaws Inadequate Municipal By-laws emerged as a major need. Therefore DEA&DP will obtain or draft model by-laws. This can be achieved by obtaining the most recent by-laws drafted, either nationally or provincially. After due consultation, the onus will be on the municipalities” to adapt and adopt these model by-laws. Municipal Bylaws also present an opportunity to place emphasis on IWM and to make provision for IWM, e.g. waste separation at source and separate collection. Once this has been done, each Local Authority must adapt these to their respective Municipalities.

5.6 General Implementation Program and Timeframes The implementation of NEMWA will be an ongoing task, as will the other objectives of the Provincial IWMP. Consequently, the Provincial IWMP activity schedules will be set out in terms of the time that they may take, rather than dividing them into 3 year budget cycle periods. However, since such timing will affect planning and implementation of activities, so that it will require regularly be reviewed by DEA&DP.



In General, Short, Medium and Long term timeframes will be used as follows:

� Short Term Targets extend from 2011 to 2014.

� Medium Term Targets extend from 2015 to 2020.

� Long Term Targets are from 2021 onwards.

5.7 Appropriate Targets In terms of Section xxx of NEMWA, waste management targets have to be set. If such targets are to be met they must be appropriate and realistic. In general, previous waste management targets in South Africa, such as those associated with the Polokwane Declaration 2000 have proven of little consequence, because:

� They were not benchmarked on reliable data � They were too generic � They were not been set in consultation with the authorities that has to carry them out � There was little or no monitoring � There was little or no enforcement.

In meeting this NEMWA requirement, the Provincial IWMP attempts to address the above factors. It will use the information forthcoming from the first generation Municipal IWMPs, which will be updated by the second and third generation Municipal IWMPs, as well as industry WMPs.

The Provincial IWMP will also be guided by the Delivery Agreement for Outcome 10: Environmental Assets & Natural Resources (Ref). The general target for this is “less and better managed waste”.

This is quantified as follows:

� Solid waste management and minimization through improved collection and disposal and recycling by ensuring that the percentage of households with basic waste collection should increase from 64% to 75% by 2014;

� Percentage of landfill sites with permits increased to 80% by 2015

� That 25% percent of municipal waste gets diverted from landfill sites for recycling by 2012.”

Since they have the power to adapt the above targets to the Western Cape, DEA&DP have tentatively made the above 25% of waste diverted from landfill sites by 2012, to 15% of waste by 2014. This and other targets will be workshopped with stakeholders, and the outcome of these will inform the Provincial IWMP targets, which may be higher or lower..

Although meaningful targets are difficult to set without reliable baseline figures to work off, where for example, the number and status of landfills is already known, it is a relatively simple matter to set reasonable targets for licensing, rehabilitation and closure.

6.0 IMPLEMENTING INTERGRATED WASTE MANAGEMENT

6.1 Introduction In essence, both NEMWA and the objectives of the Provincial IWMP aim at the implementation of IWM in the Western Province. Prior to IWMP implementation however, DEA&DP and others will have to promote IWM awareness and build capacity in the case of their own staff, waste practitioners and the public. This can only be achieved through education and training in the theory of waste management with an emphasis on IWM, as it relates to the Provincial IWMP objectives.



In terms of IWM each individual has a role to play, because everyone generates waste, it follows therefore that the more people who are aware, the more informed decisions they will make in future and the greater the chances of establishing IWM in the province. In addition, it has been found in the status quo analysis that IWM implementation is always more successful, if it is driven by a champion. This is because if one cannot enforce the implementation of IWM schemes, it is usually up to the enthusiasm of an individual who motivates others. This will also apply when enforcement mechanisms are in place.

6.2 Strategic Goal The strategic goal of this section is to ensure that IWM is implemented throughout the Western Cape Province, with a view to ensuring sustainability and maintaining the earth’s integrity.

6.3 Objectives Based on the status quo, and input from DEA&DP and stakeholders, and the above Strategic Goal, the objectives of this chapter are fourfold as follows:

� To create awareness, capacity and skills with regard to IWM, through education and training.

� To implement IWM in the province by means of the Provincial IWMP

� To maximize the diversion of waste from landfill, through IWM

� To monitor progress and trends in the implementation of IWM

The above objectives are elaborated upon as follows:

6.3.1 Creating awareness, capacity and skills, through e ducation and training Awareness, capacity and skills with regard to IWM, should be developed through education in the lecture environment and training in the work and field environment, usually assisted by mentors. Systems to train DEA&DP staff, Municipal staff, public and private sector waste managers and the public need to be set up. The Provincial IWMP should facilitate the mechanisms to achieve this.

6.3.2 Implementing IWM by means of the Provincial IWMP The implementation of IWMP involves supporting and extending all existing IWM initiatives and developing new ones. Initiatives such as “Think Twice”, “2wise2waste” and the “blue/yellow bag system”, as well as separate collection systems should be publically endorsed, evaluated and expanded where appropriate. Although the Synthesis Report addresses a number of IWM related documents; the recommendations of these documents should be revisited and crystallized into a shortlist of IWM initiatives, to supplement other initiatives forthcoming from waste managers. The

status quo analysis also indicated the need for the promotion of processors of reclaimed waste resource and the development of markets for recycled materials. 6.3.3 Maximizing waste diversion from landfill Since landfill is seen to have greatest adverse environmental and social impact associated with waste management, and because resources buried in landfills are seen to be irretrievable, the diversion of waste from landfill is seen to have a major positive impact. There are three ways of diverting waste from landfill. These are as follows:

� Diverting greens and organics as compostable material or for biodigestion as a source of energy.



� Diverting builders’ rubble for recrushing or backfill.

� Reclaiming recyclables from the waste stream by source separation, Materials Recovery Facilities (MRFs) and reclaimers at the working face.

Of the above the diversion of greens for compost is most practiced in the Western Cape and is most effective in diverting waste from landfill.

6.3.4 Monitoring progress and trends regarding the imple menting of IWM It is noted in this context that the Provincial IWMP looks at performance monitoring and not compliance monitoring. Monitoring progress is very difficult without proper information; hence one of the main objectives of the IWMP is to obtain proper information, see Chapter 7. However, a start will have to be made with available information and as this improves so will the monitoring.

The IWMP will make provision to establish existing Municipal benchmarks with regard to masses of waste disposed, composted, recycled and otherwise treated. In the case of Industry, the mass of waste generated will be compared with mass of waste disposed at landfill. Changes in the above figures over time will indicate the desired trends. The IWMP will serve to make this process as meaningful as possible, as the setting of realistic targets can only take place once there is a benchmark to work from, toward the target.

6.4 Short, Medium and Long Term Targets and Activities To achieve the four objectives associated with the strategic goal to ensure that IWM is implemented throughout the Western Cape Province, with a view to ensuring sustainability. Short, Medium and Long term Targets and Activities have been set, as follows:

Short Term Targets extend from 2011 to 2014. In general, short term Targets are relatively simple, low cost and a limited amount of time and planning are required to achieve them.

Medium Term Targets extend from 2015 to 2020. In general, these Targets are more costly and more difficult to implement than short term Targets

Long Term Targets are from 2021 onwards. These Targets usually require larger budgets and longer term planning; they are also reliant on the outcomes of the medium term Targets:

The preliminary Targets and activities are reflected in Tables 8 to 11, which indicate which fall into short, medium and long term categories. Tables 8 to 11 also indicate the responsibility and the source of funding associated with each Target and Activity



Table 7: Targets and Activities for Creating IWM Awareness

STRATEGIC GOAL: TO IMPLEMENT INTEGRATED WASTE MANAGEMENT THROUGHOUT THE WESTERN CAPE

TIME FRAME

OBJECTIVES TARGETS AND ACTIVITIES 2011 to 2014

2015 to 2020

2021

ON

RESPONSIBLE ENTITY SOURCES OF

FUNDING

Identify Staff who require training X X X DEA&DP / Municipalities / Industry N/A

Determine different levels of training required X DEA&DP / Municipalities / Industry N/A

Determine numbers involved at all levels X X X DEA&DP / Municipalities / Industry N/A

Identify an institution to provide training X DEA&DP / Municipalities / Industry N/A

Set up IWM training course syllabi X DEA&DP / Training In situ N/A

Workshop the above with municipalities and industry X X X DEA&DP / Municipalities / Industry DEA&DP

Develop Staff training sequence X X X DEA&DP N/A

Determine cost of delivering training X DEA&DP / Municipalities / Industry N/A

Develop Budget motivation for obtaining funds X X X DEA&DP / Municipalities / Industry N/A

Obtain funds and proceed with implementing training X X X DEA&DP / Municipalities / Industry N/A

Deliver training and improve courses X X DEA&DP / Training Institute National / DEA&DP /

Municipalities / Industry

1. To create awareness, capacity and skills with regard to IWM, through education and training.

Continue to improve deliver and improve courses X X DEA&DP / Training Institute National / DEA&DP /




Table 8: Targets and Activities for Implementing IWM by means of the Provincial IWMP


TIME FRAME

OBJECTIVES

TARGETS AND ACTIVITIES

2011 to 2014

2015 to 2020

2021

ON

RESPONSIBLE ENTITY SOURCES OF FUNDING

Identify all successful IWM initiatives in the Western Cape X X X DEA&DP N/A

Identify the champions involved with the IWM initiatives and use them to

promote the IWM ethic in neighbouring municipalities and industry

X DEA&DP / Municipalities / Industry N/A

Research DEA&DP IWM related document recommendations and feasible

initiatives

X DEA&DP N/A

Research other feasible IWM innovations and technologies X X DEA&DP / Industry N/A

Endorse, disseminate and facilitate the development of feasible IWM

projects, programs, initiatives and technology

X X X DEA&DP N/A

Engage industry environmental managers with regard to IWM initiatives

and plans

X DEA&DP / Industry N/A

Set up regular appropriate forums, such as the Waste Summit for

promoting IWM

X X X DEA&DP / Municipalities / Industry DEA&DP / Industry

Regulate IWM initiatives in Municipalities and Industry X X DEA&DP DEA&DP

Enforce IWM initiatives in Municipalities and Industry X DEA&DP DEA&DP

Assist processors of reclaimed waste resources to establish and operate

facilities

X X X DEA&DP / Municipalities / Industry Industry

2. To implement Integrated Waste Management in the province by means of the Provincial IWMP

Develop markets for recycled materials X X DEA&DP / Municipalities / Industry Industry



Table 9: Targets and Activities to Maximize Waste Diversion from Landfills


TIME FRAME


2015 to 2020

2021

ON

RESPONSIBLE ENTITY SOURCE OF

FUNDING

Educate stakeholders regarding the de facto reality and the impacts of

landfills, as well as the need to divert waste from them to promote

sustainability

X X X DEA&DP / Municipalities / Industry

DEA&DP /


/ donors

Quantify current municipal diversion of greens and organics for

composting, encourage the practice, obtain future plans and eventually

legislate

X X X DEA&DP / Municipalities Municipalities

Quantify current municipal diversion of builders’ rubble for crushing and

backfilling, encourage the practice, obtain future plans and eventually

legislate.

X X X DEA&DP / Municipalities Municipalities

Observe and promote the successful diversion of greens and organics for

biodigestion and energy generation X X DEA&DP N/A

Encourage and ultimately legislate reclaiming of recyclables from the

municipal waste stream by source separation and at MRFs X X X DEA&DP / Municipalities DEA&DP / Industry

Encourage and ultimately legislate the reclaiming of recyclables from

industry waste streams by source separation and salvage yards X X X DEA&DP Industry DEA&DP / Industry

Encourage and ultimately regulate and enforce waste treatment by industry X X X Industry Industry

3. To maximize the diversion of waste from landfill, through IWM

Discourage reclamation at the working face of landfills X X X DEA&DP / Municipalities DEA&DP /

Municipalities



Table 10: Targets and Activities for Monitoring Progress and Trends in Implementing IWM


TIME FRAME


2015 to 2020

2021

ON

RESPONSIBLE ENTITY SOURCE OF FUNDING

Use current information to establish existing benchmarks with regard to municipal

waste mass generated, disposed of, composted, recycled, and otherwise treated X X DEA&DP / Municipalities DEA&DP / Municipalities

Obtain municipalities’ plans for introducing IWM measures, increasing IWM, as well

as their own targets X X DEA&DP / Municipalities DEA&DP / Municipalities

Use current information to set monitoring systems in place to measurements of

how municipal waste mass is generated, disposed of, composted, recycled, and

otherwise treated has changed with time, so that trends can be derived

X X DEA&DP DEA&DP

Use existing information to establish industry benchmarks in terms of waste

generated and disposal on landfill X X DEA&DP Industry DEA&DP / Industry

Obtain industry or sector plans for introducing IWM measures, increasing IWM, as

well as their own targets X DEA&DP / Industry DEA&DP / Industry

Use current information to set monitoring systems in place to provide

measurements of how industry waste mass is generated, disposed of, recycled,

and otherwise treated has changed with time, so that trends can be derived

X DEA&DP DEA&DP

Improve information about masses of municipal and industrial waste with time X X DEA&DP / Municipalities / Industry DEA&DP / Municipalities /

Industry

4. To monitor progress and trends in the implementation of IWM

Refine monitoring with time and refine trends with time X X DEA&DP DEA&DP



7.0 PROVISION OF RELIABLE INFORMATION

7.1 Introduction Qualitative and Quantitative Data quality dictates the ability to plan and manage. In the Status Quo Analysis, accurate and reliable data was not forthcoming, from the municipalities. The situation was very much worse with regard to industry. Furthermore, proper information is most important for costing and motivating for the funding of the implementing of NEMWA and the promotion of sustainable waste management amongst other

As indicated in the previous Chapter, benchmark, targets, norms or standards diversion from landfills are all dependant on good information. It is for the above reasons that the stakeholders also ranked the provision of reliable information very high in the priorisation of needs.

The storage of all waste management information gathered must be consistent the national minimum requirements set in NEMWA and the South African Waste Information System (SAWIS) currently being refined. Information collected and reported at facility level in the Province is collated and cascaded into DEA&DP’s detailed Integrated Provincial Waste Information System (IPWIS).

Data presentation is consistent with the new waste classification system and is verified accordingly.

7.2 Strategic Goal The strategic goal of this section is to obtain and provide accurate and reliable information, especially from industry, to inform the Provincial IWMP.

7.3 Objectives Based on the status quo, and input from DEA&DP and stakeholders, and the above Strategic Goal, the objectives of this chapter are as follows:

� To meet the NEMWA, SAWIS and IPWIS with regards to information gathering presentation and management.

� To gather the outstanding information as expeditiously as possible.

� To use the information obtained to build waste manage in the Western Cape.

� To continue to improve the database.


7.3.1 Meeting waste information system minimum requireme nts To meet waste management information system minimum requirements, DEA&DP will continue what it is doing and build up IPWIS using all the waste management information gathered.

7.3.2 Expeditiously gathering outstanding information To achieve this, a questionnaire will be sent out requiring specific information from both municipalities and industry, either direct or via the industry sector. The questionnaire will be based on that developed during the synthesis of all first generation Provincial IWMPs.

7.3.3 Using information to develop waste management in t he Western Cape As information becomes available, use it to identify further gaps and needs, verify and update existing information, and to use it as the basis for setting realistic benchmarks and targets.



7.3.4 Continue to improve database and waste management As more and more information becomes available, use it for both compliance and progress monitoring.





The preliminary Targets and activities are reflected in Tables 8 to 11, which indicate which fall into short, medium and long term categories. Tables 8 to 11 also indicate the responsibility and the source of funding associated with each Target and Activity.



Table 11: Targets and Activities for meeting information system minimum requirements

STRATEGIC GOAL: TO OBTAIN ACCURATE / RELIABLE INFORMATION, ESPECIAL LY FROM INDUSTRY

TIME FRAME


2015 to 2020

2021

ON


FUNDING

1. To meet the NEMWA, SAWIS and IPWIS with regards to information gathering presentation and management.



Table 12: Targets and Activities for gathering outstanding information as expeditiously as possible.


TIME FRAME


2015 to 2020

2021

ON


FUNDING

2. To gather the outstanding information as expeditiously as possible.



Table 13: Targets and Activities for use the information obtained to build waste management in the Western Cape


TIME FRAME


2015 to 2020

2021

ON


FUNDING

3. To use the information obtained to build waste manage in the Western Cape



Table 14: Targets and Activities for continuous improvement of the database.


TIME FRAME


2015 to 2020

2021

ON


FUNDING

4. To continue to improve the database.



8.0 MUNICIPAL IWMPS AND INDUSTRY WMPS

8.1 Introduction Fundamental to the implementation of NEMWA and the promotion of sustainable waste management in the Western Province is the submission of meaningful Municipal IWMPs and Industry WMPs. These are also the major source of information, addressed in the previous chapter. Consequently the Provincial IWMP makes provision for these IWMPs and WMPs.

8.2 Strategic Goal The strategic goal of this section is to obtain subsequent generations of Municipal IWMPs from all Municipalities and to initiate the submission of Industry WMP.


� To ensure standard Municipal IWMP and Industry WMP formats

� Based on the standard formats, develop standard Terms of Reference.

� Train and retrain Municipal staff to formulate IWMPS, (based on DEA&DP’s Western Cape Province Guidelines for Municipal IWMPs

� Require that industry has the resources to formulate WMPS, (based on DEA&DP’s Guideline for the Chemical Sector)

� Monitor Municipal IWMPs and Industry WMPs


8.3.1

8.3.2

8.3.3

8.3.4

8.3.5







The preliminary Targets and activities are reflected in Tables 8 to 11, which indicate which fall into short, medium and long term categories. Tables 8 to 11 also indicate the responsibility and the source of funding associated with each Target and Activity.



Table 15: Targets and Activities to ensure standard Municipal IWMP and Industry WMP formats

STRATEGIC GOAL: TO OBTAIN ALL MUNICIPAL IWMPS AND INDUSTRY WMP FOR THE PROVINCE

TIME FRAME


2015 to 2020

2021

ON


FUNDING

1. To ensure standard Municipal IWMP and Industry WMP formats.



Table 16: Targets and Activities based on the standard formats, develop standard Terms of Reference


TIME FRAME


2015 to 2020

2021

ON


FUNDING

2. Based on the standard formats, develop standard Terms of Reference



Table 17: Targets and Activities to train and retrain Municipal staff.


TIME FRAME


2015 to 2020

2021

ON


FUNDING

3.Train and retrain Municipal staff to formulate IWMPS, (based on DEA&DP’s Western Cape Province Guidelines for Municipal IWMPs



Table 18: Targets and Activities to ensure that industry has the resources to formulate WMPS


TIME FRAME


2015 to 2020

2021

ON


FUNDING

4. Require that industry has the resources to formulate WMPS, (based on DEA&DP’s Guideline for the Chemical Sector)



Table 19: Targets and Activities to monitor Municipal IWMPs and Industry WMPs


TIME FRAME


2015 to 2020

2021

ON


FUNDING

� 5. Monitor Municipal IWMPs and Industry WMPs



9.0 FUNDING

9.1 Introduction

9.2 Strategic Goal The strategic goal of this section is to obtain to finance for the implementation of the provincial IWMP, and hence the implementation of NEMWA. .


� To cost and budget for the activities associated with meeting the targets of the provincial IWMP.

� To motivate for funds based on the foregoing

� To obtain and spend budgets judiciously


9.3.1

9.3.2

9.3.3





The preliminary Targets and activities are reflected in Tables 8 to 11, which indicate which fall into short, medium and long term categories. Tables 8 to 11 also indicate the responsibility and the source of funding associated with each Target and Activity



Table 20: Targets and Activities to cost and budget for the activities associated with meeting the targets of the provincial IWMP

STRATEGIC GOAL: TO OBTAIN TO FINANCE FOR THE PROVINCIAL IWMP AND NE MWA. .

TIME FRAME


2015 to 2020

2021

ON


FUNDING

� 1. To cost and budget for the activities associated with meeting the targets of the provincial IWMP.



Table 21: Targets and Activities to motivate for funds based on proper costing

STRATEGIC GOAL: TO OBTAIN TO FINANCE FOR THE PROVINCIAL IWMP AND NE MWA.

TIME FRAME


2015 to 2020

2021

ON


FUNDING

2. To motivate for funds based on the foregoing



Table 22: Targets and Activities to obtain and spend budgets judiciously

STRATEGIC GOAL: TO OBTAIN TO FINANCE FOR THE PROVINCIAL IWMP AND NE MWA.

TIME FRAME


2015 to 2020

2021

ON


FUNDING

3. To obtain and spend budgets judiciously



10.0 SECONDARY NEEDS 10.1 Introduction 10.2 Hazardous Wastes 10.2.1 Healthcare Waste (draft Bill) 10.2.2 Sewage Sludge Management – Composting, Land farmin g 10.2.3 Household Hazardous Waste

10.2.4 E-waste 10.2.5 Sector Wastes

� Steel Industry, Foundries, Sandblasting, electroplating

� Chemicals, Petrochemical, Pharmaceuticals

� Oil and Gas

� Paper and Pulp

� Food and beverages

� Fishing (gully waste)

� Other Priority wastes

10.2.6 Contaminated Land and Rehab (NEMWA Part 8) � CERCLA 1986

� Inventory

� Prioritize

� Funding

10.3 Problematic Wastes 10.3.1 Agricultural and Animal Waste (abattoirs)

10.3.2 Tyres 10.3.3 White goods



10.4 Concepts 10.4.1 Free basic services

10.4.2 Extended Producer Responsibility 10.4.3 Waste Management Planning with regard to Infrastru cture Planning 10.4.4 Waste Diversion from landfills

10.4.5 Regionalization of Landfills (economies of scale) 10.4.6 Coordination between Public and Private Sectors 10.4.7 Climate Change

� Carbon footprint

� Landfill gas (LFG) extraction and use

� Mechanical, Biological and Thermal treatment (MBT)

� Waste to Energy (WTE)

� Anaerobic Digestion

� CDM Projects

� WRATE (Waste Resource Assessment Tool for the Environment)

10.5 Other 10.5.1 Waste Management at Large Sports Events 10.5.2 Waste Management associated with Holiday Influx



11.0 IMPLEMENTATION PLAN

The implementation plan forms a composite implementation plan comprising all the target and activity tables in chapters 5 – 10. It will be informed by the proceedings of the Stakeholder Workshops.

12.0 BUDGET

The budget is a composite implementation plan comprising all budgets included in the Provincial IWMP. This will very generic at first, b ut will be refined with time.

13.0 MONITORING AND REPORTING The monitoring and reporting will be a composite component, addressing all aspects of the Provincial IWMP.

14.0 REVIEW OF PROVINCIAL IWMP The review process, will address all aspects of the Provincial IWMP.

15.0 SUMMARY This summary provides an overview of the whole provincial IWMP.


November 2010 Report No. 12451

Report Signature Page

COMPANY

JM Ball Principal

JMB

Golder Associates Africa (Pty) Ltd

Postnet Suite # 269, Private Bag X18, Rondebosch, 7701

Maitland House 2

River Park

Liesbeek Parkway

Mowbray

Cape Town

South Africa

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