integrated term project
TRANSCRIPT
History of Plastic Bottle
• Timeline of development:1.Leonardo Da Vinci, 16th century– Alexander Parkes, 1862– Leo Bakeland, 1907– 1st Commercial plastic bottle, 1947– High Density Polyethylene, 1960’s
Concept of Plastic Bottle
• The concept of plastic bottle came from the fact that they are:
1.Transparent– Flexible & Durable– Corrosion Resistant– Chemically Inert & Non- Permeable– High Pressure withstanding Capacity– Impact- resistant & non- Brittle– Lightweight & High Strength.
Physical & Chemical PropertyProperties LDPE HDPE
Melting Point 1150C 1350C
Crystallinity Low Crystallinity High Crystallinity
Flexibility High Low
Strength Low High
Heat Resistance Good to use at NTP
Useful above 1000C
Transparency Good Less transparent than LDPE
Properties LDPE HDPE
Density 0.91-0.94 g/cm3 0.95-0.97 g/cm3
Chemical Bonding
Covalent bond & vander waal forces of attraction
Covalent bond & vander waal forces of attraction
Toxicity low toxicity low toxicity
Molecular Mass 20000 - 500000 3100000 - 5670000
Reactivity Chemically Inert Chemically Inert
Schematic Diagram
Types of Plastic Bottle
• On the basis of Material Used :1.PETE – Polyethylene terephthalate– HDPE - High-density polyethylene– PVC - Polyvinyl chloride– LDPE - Low-density polyethylene – PP –Polypropylene– PS - Polystyrene
PROPERTIES PETE HDPE PVC LDPE PP PS
TRANSPARENCY CLEAR TRANSLUCENT TRANSLUCENT TRANSLUCENT TRANSLUCENT CLEAR
MAX. TEMP 140F 248F 158F 176F 275F 158F
BRITTLENESS TEMP14F -148F -22F -148F 32F 72F
MOISTURE BARRIER
GOOD EXCELLENT FAIR GOOD EXCELLENT FAIR
SUNLIGHT BARRIERGOOD FAIR FAIR FAIR FAIR FAIR
OXYGEN BARRIER GOOD POOR GOOD POOR POOR FAIR
TENSILE STRENGTH8000 4000 5000 2000 5000 6000
FLEXIBILITY SEMI SEMI RIGID FLEXIBLE RIGID RIGID
IMPACT RESISTANCE
EXCELLENT EXCELLENT GOOD EXCELLENT GOOD FAIR
Uses & Applications:
• HDPE: Bleach bottles, detergent bottles, shampoo bottles,
motor oil bottles. • LDPE: Squeezable Bottle of Honey, Mustard and Flexible
Container Lids. • PETE: Soft drink, Juice, Water, Detergent and Cleaner Bottles.
• PVC: Window Cleaner, Food Stuff Bottles, Cooking Oil, Detergent Bottles.
• PP: Yoghurt bottles, Microwaveable Disposable take-away
Containers.
Geometry of Plastic Bottle
• Distinct Parts of a General Plastic Bottle:
1.Conical Frustum– Cylindrical Part– Circular Bottom
Types of Plastic Bottle• On the Basis of Shape:
BOSTON ROUND
COSMO ROUND
CYLINDRICAL
OVAL ROUND
PHARMACEUTICAL
Manufacturing
Plastic bottles are prepared by a processknown as BLOW MOLDING.
• Extrusion blow molding,• Injection blow molding, and • Stretch blow molding
Environmental Impacts & Recycling
• Environmental impacts:1.Non-Decomposable– Wastage of Petroleum– Accumulation of Trash– Effect on fertility of Soil– Incineration takes 2 times of the energy to
manufacture.
• Recycling :1.Collection• Delivery to recycling facility • Sorting• Flaking• HDPE/PETE flakes• Retail
Technological Advancement and R&D
• Shift from rigid packaging to flexible packaging. • Reducing the thickness of plastic bottle.• Development of hot fill containers.• Dispersion of antioxidant additives.• Development of smart plastic bottles.• Use of bioplastic for manufacturing bottles.• Integration of handles with PET bottles.• Reducing manufacturing costs.• Use of recyclable material.