INTEGRATED PLANNING:THE LINKS BETWEEN URBAN WASTE MANAGEMENT, SANITATION AND ENERGY

Issues and challenges

Global trend – rapid increase in volumes and changing characteristics of municipal solid waste

Average annual increases in China 2000-2006- Non-industrial waste water: 6.4 %- Municipal solid waste: 13 %

E-waste: China produced 2.3 million tons in 2011 but 70% of global e-waste ends up there

MSW varies by GDP level

Types of MSW produced change according to the standard of living in the city

Financial, environmental and health impacts

In developing countries, MSW management costs 20-50 % of city budget

But often only covers 50 % of urban population

In low-income countries, MSW collection alone drains 80-90 % of waste management budgets

Open dumps and open burning continue to be the primary method of MSW disposal in most developing countries; hazards to human health

Conventional urban waste management

Focuses largely on waste collection, treatment (composting and incineration) and disposal (landfills)

Little or no resource value since no separation of wastes occurs

No attention to new waste streams

Landfill leachate pollutes ground water

Health hazards to waste workers; child labor

Integrated solid waste management

Waste prevention: more sustainable production processes

Waste minimization: ex. Reduction of packaging

Waste separation and recycling of valuable resources (e.g., plastics, glass, metals, biogas, e-waste)

Re-use (ex. construction waste, also example of cement plant)

Waste to energy schemes using high calorific value fraction of waste (incineration for electricity production or biogas generation)

Composting of biodegradable waste for fertilizer

Sanitary disposal: environmentally designed landfills reduce impacts

Utilization of wastes and by-products in a cement factory

廃タイヤ、鋳物砂 下水汚泥、浄水汚泥

塗料残留物 都市ごみ焼却灰

高炉スラグ、製鋼スラグ 蒸留酒残渣、廃ガラス

集塵灰 肉骨粉、プラスチック

製紙汚泥、焼却灰 建設発生土

建設廃材

石炭灰、排煙脱硫石こう 廃油、廃触媒

汚泥

焼却灰、廃プラスチック 廃溶剤、廃触媒

廃プラスチック

非鉄鉱さい 焼却灰、廃溶剤

廃プラスチック

古畳 廃プラスチック

セメント工場

自動車業界

鉄鋼業界

製紙業界

電力業界

地方自治体

食品業界

建設業界

石油業界

廃棄物処理業界 化学業界

精錬業界 印刷業界

農業住宅業界

Automobile industry

Steel industry

Paper industry

Electricity industry

Waste disposal industry

Refining industry

Housing industry

Local government

Food industry

Construction industry

Petroleum industry

Chemical industry

Printing industry

Agriculture

Waste tire, molding sand

Cement factory

Paint residue

Blast-furnace slag, steelmaking slag

Fly ash

Paper-making sludge, incineration ash

Coal ash, flue-gas gypsum

Incineration ash,waste plastic

Sewage sludge, water purification sludge

Municipal wasteincineration ash

Distilled liquor residue,waste glass

Meat and bone meal,plasticSoil put out inconstruction

Construction anddemolition waste

Waste oil, waste catalyst

Sludge

Waste solvent,waste catalyst

Waste plastic

Nonferrous slag

Waste tatami mat

Incineration ash,waste solvent

Waste plastic

Waste plastic

Policy options for urban waste management

Developing meaningful partnerships with private sector to take pressure off public services and financing, and boost the local economy

Organize informal workers and communities for effective implementation of ISWM and 3Rs, particularly to increase recycling

Reducing MSW and aiming for “zero waste” (e.g., extended producer responsibility, such as vehicle tires and batteries)

Policy options (cont.)

Capturing energy from the waste stream Incineration of high calorific

value waste for electricity generation

Gasification of sewage sludge

Capture and use of landfill gas

New industrial process: plastics yield bio-diesel

Increasing the reuse of by-products and waste by industry (ex. Re-use of construction waste)

Key takeaway points

Integrated urban planning is the key to sustainability

Engage all city departments in city planning, as operations will be increasingly linked

Sustainability yields enormous economic, social and environmental benefits

Thank you

Mohan PeckUN Consultantmohan.peck@gmail.

com

Shanghai Manual: A Guide for

Sustainable Urban Development in the 21st Century