integrated pest management tom weissling university of florida ifas, ft. lauderdale rec
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Integrated Pest Management Tom Weissling University of Florida IFAS, Ft. Lauderdale REC](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062804/56649e845503460f94b85961/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Integrated Pest Integrated Pest ManagementManagement
Tom WeisslingUniversity of Florida
IFAS, Ft. Lauderdale REC
![Page 2: Integrated Pest Management Tom Weissling University of Florida IFAS, Ft. Lauderdale REC](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062804/56649e845503460f94b85961/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Definition varies from person to personDefinition varies from person to person
It is also very arbitrary and related to :
Personal emotion (entomophobia)Personal emotion (entomophobia)
![Page 3: Integrated Pest Management Tom Weissling University of Florida IFAS, Ft. Lauderdale REC](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062804/56649e845503460f94b85961/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Aesthetic lossAesthetic loss
![Page 4: Integrated Pest Management Tom Weissling University of Florida IFAS, Ft. Lauderdale REC](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062804/56649e845503460f94b85961/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Measurable Measurable
economic losseconomic loss
![Page 5: Integrated Pest Management Tom Weissling University of Florida IFAS, Ft. Lauderdale REC](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062804/56649e845503460f94b85961/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Pest Management Prior to the 2nd World War Pest Management Prior to the 2nd World War
Several ApproachesSeveral Approaches
1. Manual and physical control methods1. Manual and physical control methods
2. Cultural control2. Cultural control
3. Biological control3. Biological control
4. Chemical control (metal & plant derivatives)4. Chemical control (metal & plant derivatives)
![Page 6: Integrated Pest Management Tom Weissling University of Florida IFAS, Ft. Lauderdale REC](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062804/56649e845503460f94b85961/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Pest Management After World War 2Pest Management After World War 2
Development of nerve gases…discovered to beDevelopment of nerve gases…discovered to be insecticidal insecticidal
• Discovery of synthetic, organic insecticidesDiscovery of synthetic, organic insecticides
![Page 7: Integrated Pest Management Tom Weissling University of Florida IFAS, Ft. Lauderdale REC](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062804/56649e845503460f94b85961/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Late 1940’s to Mid 1960’sLate 1940’s to Mid 1960’s
Shift to near universal dependence on synthetic insecticides
Agriculture became very high powered
![Page 8: Integrated Pest Management Tom Weissling University of Florida IFAS, Ft. Lauderdale REC](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062804/56649e845503460f94b85961/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Widespread Use of Pesticides (1945 - 1980) Widespread Use of Pesticides (1945 - 1980)
• By 1980, more than 900 registered insecticidesBy 1980, more than 900 registered insecticides
• Insecticides were a popular choice for pest Insecticides were a popular choice for pest management because they were:management because they were:
a. Cheapb. Effective in small quantitiesc. Persistentd. Broad spectrume. Easy to usef. Fit into mechanized agricultureg. Fit in calendar spray schedules (up to 35 applications/year in cotton)
![Page 9: Integrated Pest Management Tom Weissling University of Florida IFAS, Ft. Lauderdale REC](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062804/56649e845503460f94b85961/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
a. Suppression of target pests (at one time, up to 98% reduction) from single application
b. Selection for pest resistance
c. Destruction of natural enemies
d. Destruction of pollinators (Bees = $1 billion/year industry)
e. Contamination of food webs
f. General ecotoxicity: ramifications of insecticides in the environment
Result of widespread insecticide Result of widespread insecticide useuse
![Page 10: Integrated Pest Management Tom Weissling University of Florida IFAS, Ft. Lauderdale REC](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062804/56649e845503460f94b85961/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Summary: Concept of Global Plant Production/EvolutionSummary: Concept of Global Plant Production/Evolution
1. Subsistence Phase (The good ol’ days)1. Subsistence Phase (The good ol’ days)Low yieldNative (regionally adapted) cropsNatural and cultural (i.e. intercropping) controls
![Page 11: Integrated Pest Management Tom Weissling University of Florida IFAS, Ft. Lauderdale REC](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062804/56649e845503460f94b85961/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
2. Exploitation Phase2. Exploitation Phase
Crop production programs Development and use of synthetic pesticides Increased acreage Increased yields
![Page 12: Integrated Pest Management Tom Weissling University of Florida IFAS, Ft. Lauderdale REC](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062804/56649e845503460f94b85961/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
3. Crisis Phase3. Crisis Phase
Pesticide efficacy decreased
Start of pesticide treadmill
Once you start using insecticides…hard to stopOnce you start using insecticides…hard to stop
Development of Integrated ControlDevelopment of Integrated Control
Use of Tactics Other Than Strictly Chemical Use of Tactics Other Than Strictly Chemical to Manage Peststo Manage Pests
![Page 13: Integrated Pest Management Tom Weissling University of Florida IFAS, Ft. Lauderdale REC](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062804/56649e845503460f94b85961/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
4. Integrated Control Phase4. Integrated Control Phase
Why was this phase gradually accepted?
Breakdown of Pest ManagementBreakdown of Pest ManagementTacticsTactics
![Page 14: Integrated Pest Management Tom Weissling University of Florida IFAS, Ft. Lauderdale REC](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062804/56649e845503460f94b85961/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Social pressures appliedSocial pressures applied(environmentalism)(environmentalism)
1962: Rachel Carson wrote ‘Silent Spring’
1970 Environmental Protection Agency formed
USDA adopted IPM concept
![Page 15: Integrated Pest Management Tom Weissling University of Florida IFAS, Ft. Lauderdale REC](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062804/56649e845503460f94b85961/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Conversely, greater demand by public for:
Cheap food
Unblemished food
Aesthetically pleasing lawn/landscape
Pest-free living/working environment
Disease free environment
![Page 16: Integrated Pest Management Tom Weissling University of Florida IFAS, Ft. Lauderdale REC](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062804/56649e845503460f94b85961/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
What is IPM?What is IPM?
National Goal: IPM Implementation on 75% of Crop Acres by 2000
"Integrated Pest Management (IPM) is a sustainable approach to managing pests by combining biological, cultural, physical and chemical tools in a way that minimizes economic, health and environmental risks."
From: Anonymous. 1994 Integrated Pest Management Practices in 1991 Fruits and Nuts, RTD Updates: Pest Management, USDA-ERS, 8pp.
![Page 17: Integrated Pest Management Tom Weissling University of Florida IFAS, Ft. Lauderdale REC](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062804/56649e845503460f94b85961/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Management Program
Biology and Identification of Pests and Beneficials
Evaluation and Preventative Follow-up Practices
An Action Decision Monitored Pest Must be Made Populations
Economic Threshold (a prediction of loss vs. risk)
![Page 18: Integrated Pest Management Tom Weissling University of Florida IFAS, Ft. Lauderdale REC](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062804/56649e845503460f94b85961/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Is it a Pest?Is it a Pest?
Is it a beneficial?Is it a beneficial?
Proper IdentificationProper Identification
![Page 19: Integrated Pest Management Tom Weissling University of Florida IFAS, Ft. Lauderdale REC](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062804/56649e845503460f94b85961/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Proper identification is Proper identification is essential in pest essential in pest
managementmanagement
![Page 20: Integrated Pest Management Tom Weissling University of Florida IFAS, Ft. Lauderdale REC](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062804/56649e845503460f94b85961/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Disease?
Insects?
Nutrients?
Weeds?
Nematodes?
Water?
Other?
Pest Management Pest Management RequiresRequires
Some Detective WorkSome Detective Work
![Page 21: Integrated Pest Management Tom Weissling University of Florida IFAS, Ft. Lauderdale REC](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062804/56649e845503460f94b85961/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Must be able to identify problem by:Must be able to identify problem by:
• Viewing actual damaging organism• Injury or damage• Evidence that is left behind (frass, cast skins)
![Page 22: Integrated Pest Management Tom Weissling University of Florida IFAS, Ft. Lauderdale REC](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062804/56649e845503460f94b85961/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Knowledge of Pests BiologyKnowledge of Pests Biology(and of the plant you are protecting)(and of the plant you are protecting)
When are they present?
Are all stages damaging?
Are some stages more susceptible?
Are there weaknesses?
![Page 23: Integrated Pest Management Tom Weissling University of Florida IFAS, Ft. Lauderdale REC](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062804/56649e845503460f94b85961/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Preventative PracticesPreventative Practices
What can be done to curtail pest introduction or a What can be done to curtail pest introduction or a population increase?population increase?
1) 1) Habitat modificationHabitat modification Make habitat less desirable Make habitat less desirable to primary pest species (i.e., plant several versusto primary pest species (i.e., plant several versus single plant species)single plant species)
![Page 24: Integrated Pest Management Tom Weissling University of Florida IFAS, Ft. Lauderdale REC](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062804/56649e845503460f94b85961/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
2. Inspect plant materials brought into “pest free” areas
![Page 25: Integrated Pest Management Tom Weissling University of Florida IFAS, Ft. Lauderdale REC](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062804/56649e845503460f94b85961/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Cultural Methods:Cultural Methods: fertilization watering pruning sanitation planting resistant varieties etc.
3. Grow healthy plants:
Stressed plants are generally more susceptible to pest attack
![Page 26: Integrated Pest Management Tom Weissling University of Florida IFAS, Ft. Lauderdale REC](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062804/56649e845503460f94b85961/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Monitor Pest PopulationsMonitor Pest Populations
Value? To determine if population needs to be managed
![Page 27: Integrated Pest Management Tom Weissling University of Florida IFAS, Ft. Lauderdale REC](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062804/56649e845503460f94b85961/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Random Sampling:
The most commonly used method in IPM
Used to determine pest numbers and/or damage per sample unit (i.e. leaf)
Counts of pest numbers, damage, and/or natural enemies are taken at random locations in the managed area
![Page 28: Integrated Pest Management Tom Weissling University of Florida IFAS, Ft. Lauderdale REC](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062804/56649e845503460f94b85961/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
![Page 29: Integrated Pest Management Tom Weissling University of Florida IFAS, Ft. Lauderdale REC](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062804/56649e845503460f94b85961/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Sampling Methods:
Visual is most common Counting number/leaf, terminal, plant Counting number per square foot Assessing damage per unit area
![Page 30: Integrated Pest Management Tom Weissling University of Florida IFAS, Ft. Lauderdale REC](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062804/56649e845503460f94b85961/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
1) Conditions that favor a pest or pest outbreak
2) Signs of the pest (damage, frass, cast skins)
3) The actual pest
4) Beneficial organisms
When scouting, look for:
![Page 31: Integrated Pest Management Tom Weissling University of Florida IFAS, Ft. Lauderdale REC](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062804/56649e845503460f94b85961/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
What to do with information? Keep Records!
0
20
40
60
80
30-Jun 14-Jul 28-Jul 12-Aug
![Page 32: Integrated Pest Management Tom Weissling University of Florida IFAS, Ft. Lauderdale REC](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062804/56649e845503460f94b85961/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Keep track of:
WhenWhereHow ManyNatural Enemies
Sample Frequently
![Page 33: Integrated Pest Management Tom Weissling University of Florida IFAS, Ft. Lauderdale REC](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062804/56649e845503460f94b85961/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Economic or ActionEconomic or ActionThresholdsThresholds
a prediction of loss vs. risk
Often zero tolerance in urban settings
![Page 34: Integrated Pest Management Tom Weissling University of Florida IFAS, Ft. Lauderdale REC](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062804/56649e845503460f94b85961/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
EILET
EP
EP
ETEIL
EIL
EIL
ET
ET
EP
EP
TIME
Pes
t D
ensi
tyNon-Pest
Frequent Pest Severe Pest
Periodic Pest
= Treatment measures taken
![Page 35: Integrated Pest Management Tom Weissling University of Florida IFAS, Ft. Lauderdale REC](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062804/56649e845503460f94b85961/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Action ThresholdsAction Thresholds
Pest Number Monitoring Method
Mole Crickets 2 - 3/Ft2 Soap Flush
Chinch Bugs 20/ Ft2 Soap Flush, Visual, Can
Billbug Larvae 12/ Ft2 Expose Soil
White Grub Larvae 5/ Ft2 Expose Soil
Sod Webworm Larvae 8/ Ft2 Visual, Soap Flush
Armyworms 4/ Ft2 Visual, Soap Flush
![Page 36: Integrated Pest Management Tom Weissling University of Florida IFAS, Ft. Lauderdale REC](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062804/56649e845503460f94b85961/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
An Action Decision Must be MadeAn Action Decision Must be Made
Typical Management Tools:Typical Management Tools:
• Cultural Methods• Mechanical Methods• Physical Methods• Biological Control• Chemical Control
![Page 37: Integrated Pest Management Tom Weissling University of Florida IFAS, Ft. Lauderdale REC](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062804/56649e845503460f94b85961/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Cultural Methods
- Modification or management practices that make the habitat less favorable to pest reproduction, dispersal, and survival:
A) Host plant resistance
B) Pruning & thinning
C) Fertilization
D) Sanitation
E) Water management
![Page 38: Integrated Pest Management Tom Weissling University of Florida IFAS, Ft. Lauderdale REC](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062804/56649e845503460f94b85961/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
4. Mechanical MethodsA) Hand destruction (ie, fly swatter)B) Exclusion of pests by barriers (ie, screenhouse)C) Is generally labor intensive
![Page 39: Integrated Pest Management Tom Weissling University of Florida IFAS, Ft. Lauderdale REC](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062804/56649e845503460f94b85961/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
5. Physical control5. Physical control
A) Heating/Cooling (autoclaving soil, burning A) Heating/Cooling (autoclaving soil, burning residues)residues)
B) Electric bug zappers B) Electric bug zappers
![Page 40: Integrated Pest Management Tom Weissling University of Florida IFAS, Ft. Lauderdale REC](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062804/56649e845503460f94b85961/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
Biological ControlBiological Control
Protection and enhancement of natural enemies (use most selective management tool)
Introduction of natural enemies
Use of microbial controls
![Page 41: Integrated Pest Management Tom Weissling University of Florida IFAS, Ft. Lauderdale REC](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062804/56649e845503460f94b85961/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
Predators
Parasites
Nematodes
Diseases
![Page 42: Integrated Pest Management Tom Weissling University of Florida IFAS, Ft. Lauderdale REC](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062804/56649e845503460f94b85961/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
Lady BirdLady BirdBeetleBeetle
![Page 43: Integrated Pest Management Tom Weissling University of Florida IFAS, Ft. Lauderdale REC](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062804/56649e845503460f94b85961/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
Green LacewingGreen Lacewing
![Page 44: Integrated Pest Management Tom Weissling University of Florida IFAS, Ft. Lauderdale REC](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062804/56649e845503460f94b85961/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
![Page 45: Integrated Pest Management Tom Weissling University of Florida IFAS, Ft. Lauderdale REC](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062804/56649e845503460f94b85961/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
UF - Entomology/Nematology
Predatory MitePredatory Mite
![Page 46: Integrated Pest Management Tom Weissling University of Florida IFAS, Ft. Lauderdale REC](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062804/56649e845503460f94b85961/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
![Page 47: Integrated Pest Management Tom Weissling University of Florida IFAS, Ft. Lauderdale REC](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062804/56649e845503460f94b85961/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
![Page 48: Integrated Pest Management Tom Weissling University of Florida IFAS, Ft. Lauderdale REC](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062804/56649e845503460f94b85961/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
Syrphid Fly Syrphid Fly LarvaeLarvae
Clemson U.
![Page 49: Integrated Pest Management Tom Weissling University of Florida IFAS, Ft. Lauderdale REC](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062804/56649e845503460f94b85961/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
Scale and Scale and MealybugMealybugpredatorspredators
![Page 50: Integrated Pest Management Tom Weissling University of Florida IFAS, Ft. Lauderdale REC](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062804/56649e845503460f94b85961/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
![Page 51: Integrated Pest Management Tom Weissling University of Florida IFAS, Ft. Lauderdale REC](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062804/56649e845503460f94b85961/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
![Page 52: Integrated Pest Management Tom Weissling University of Florida IFAS, Ft. Lauderdale REC](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062804/56649e845503460f94b85961/html5/thumbnails/52.jpg)
![Page 53: Integrated Pest Management Tom Weissling University of Florida IFAS, Ft. Lauderdale REC](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062804/56649e845503460f94b85961/html5/thumbnails/53.jpg)
![Page 54: Integrated Pest Management Tom Weissling University of Florida IFAS, Ft. Lauderdale REC](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062804/56649e845503460f94b85961/html5/thumbnails/54.jpg)
![Page 55: Integrated Pest Management Tom Weissling University of Florida IFAS, Ft. Lauderdale REC](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062804/56649e845503460f94b85961/html5/thumbnails/55.jpg)
![Page 56: Integrated Pest Management Tom Weissling University of Florida IFAS, Ft. Lauderdale REC](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062804/56649e845503460f94b85961/html5/thumbnails/56.jpg)
IchneumonidIchneumonidWaspWasp
PasitizingPasitizingCaterpillarCaterpillar
![Page 57: Integrated Pest Management Tom Weissling University of Florida IFAS, Ft. Lauderdale REC](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062804/56649e845503460f94b85961/html5/thumbnails/57.jpg)
Parasitized CaterpillarParasitized Caterpillar
UF - Entomology/Nematology
![Page 58: Integrated Pest Management Tom Weissling University of Florida IFAS, Ft. Lauderdale REC](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062804/56649e845503460f94b85961/html5/thumbnails/58.jpg)
![Page 59: Integrated Pest Management Tom Weissling University of Florida IFAS, Ft. Lauderdale REC](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062804/56649e845503460f94b85961/html5/thumbnails/59.jpg)
Parasitized ScalesParasitized Scales
UF - Entomology/Nematology
![Page 60: Integrated Pest Management Tom Weissling University of Florida IFAS, Ft. Lauderdale REC](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062804/56649e845503460f94b85961/html5/thumbnails/60.jpg)
![Page 61: Integrated Pest Management Tom Weissling University of Florida IFAS, Ft. Lauderdale REC](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062804/56649e845503460f94b85961/html5/thumbnails/61.jpg)
![Page 62: Integrated Pest Management Tom Weissling University of Florida IFAS, Ft. Lauderdale REC](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062804/56649e845503460f94b85961/html5/thumbnails/62.jpg)
Aphid MummiesAphid Mummies
![Page 63: Integrated Pest Management Tom Weissling University of Florida IFAS, Ft. Lauderdale REC](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062804/56649e845503460f94b85961/html5/thumbnails/63.jpg)
![Page 64: Integrated Pest Management Tom Weissling University of Florida IFAS, Ft. Lauderdale REC](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062804/56649e845503460f94b85961/html5/thumbnails/64.jpg)
![Page 65: Integrated Pest Management Tom Weissling University of Florida IFAS, Ft. Lauderdale REC](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062804/56649e845503460f94b85961/html5/thumbnails/65.jpg)
![Page 66: Integrated Pest Management Tom Weissling University of Florida IFAS, Ft. Lauderdale REC](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062804/56649e845503460f94b85961/html5/thumbnails/66.jpg)
Red ImportedRed ImportedFire AntFire Ant
![Page 67: Integrated Pest Management Tom Weissling University of Florida IFAS, Ft. Lauderdale REC](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062804/56649e845503460f94b85961/html5/thumbnails/67.jpg)
Phorid FlyPhorid Fly
Imported fromImported fromBrazilBrazil
![Page 68: Integrated Pest Management Tom Weissling University of Florida IFAS, Ft. Lauderdale REC](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062804/56649e845503460f94b85961/html5/thumbnails/68.jpg)
![Page 69: Integrated Pest Management Tom Weissling University of Florida IFAS, Ft. Lauderdale REC](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062804/56649e845503460f94b85961/html5/thumbnails/69.jpg)
Phorid FlyPhorid Flyegg hatchesegg hatchesand migratesand migratesto and feedsto and feedson ants headon ants headwhich leads which leads to….to….
![Page 70: Integrated Pest Management Tom Weissling University of Florida IFAS, Ft. Lauderdale REC](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062804/56649e845503460f94b85961/html5/thumbnails/70.jpg)
![Page 71: Integrated Pest Management Tom Weissling University of Florida IFAS, Ft. Lauderdale REC](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062804/56649e845503460f94b85961/html5/thumbnails/71.jpg)
Brazilian Red-Eyed Fly (Brazilian Red-Eyed Fly (Ormia depletaOrmia depleta))
• Tachinid parasite• Imported from S. America• Released in Florida• Female locates crickets by their song• Deposits live larvae on or near the cricket
• Tachinid parasite• Imported from S. America• Released in Florida• Female locates crickets by their song• Deposits live larvae on or near the cricket
UF - Ent./Nema
![Page 72: Integrated Pest Management Tom Weissling University of Florida IFAS, Ft. Lauderdale REC](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062804/56649e845503460f94b85961/html5/thumbnails/72.jpg)
Mole Cricket Killed by NematodesMole Cricket Killed by Nematodes
UF - Entomology/Nematology
![Page 73: Integrated Pest Management Tom Weissling University of Florida IFAS, Ft. Lauderdale REC](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062804/56649e845503460f94b85961/html5/thumbnails/73.jpg)
Fungus-Killed Aphid & CaterpillarFungus-Killed Aphid & Caterpillar
![Page 74: Integrated Pest Management Tom Weissling University of Florida IFAS, Ft. Lauderdale REC](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062804/56649e845503460f94b85961/html5/thumbnails/74.jpg)
Nosema Killed GrasshoppersNosema Killed Grasshoppers
J. Kalisch, UNL
![Page 75: Integrated Pest Management Tom Weissling University of Florida IFAS, Ft. Lauderdale REC](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062804/56649e845503460f94b85961/html5/thumbnails/75.jpg)
Chemical MethodsChemical Methods
- Insecticides
- Sterilants
- Insect Growth Regulators
- Attractants
- Repellents
- Microbials
![Page 76: Integrated Pest Management Tom Weissling University of Florida IFAS, Ft. Lauderdale REC](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062804/56649e845503460f94b85961/html5/thumbnails/76.jpg)
Evaluation and Follow-UpEvaluation and Follow-Up
- Requires monitoring?
- Were methods effective?
- Is re-treatment required?
![Page 77: Integrated Pest Management Tom Weissling University of Florida IFAS, Ft. Lauderdale REC](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062804/56649e845503460f94b85961/html5/thumbnails/77.jpg)
Author: Tom Weissling, University of Florida
Photos: University of Florida University of California University of Nebraska
Clemson University
Entomology And Nematology Department
Copyright University of Florida 2000
For more detailed information see the Featured Creatures WWW site at
http://creatures.ifas.ufl.edu/