Integrated Course of College English

The Third Two Periods

Unit Three Book Four

Designed by SHAO Hong-wan

Writing and Exercises

• Warming-up----Tongue Twister• Review--- Words and expressions• Writing Skill---Practical writing• Enriching Your Word Power• Do Exercises• Proverbs and Quotations

1. How many saws could a see-saw saw if a see-saw could saw saws?

2. How much oil boil can a gum boil boil if a gum boil can boil oil?

3. I thought a thought. But the thought I thought wasn't the thought I thought I thought. If the thought I thought I thought had been the thought I thought, I wouldn't have thought so much.

4. I wish I were what I was when I wished I were what I am.

5. I wish to wish the wish you wish to wish, but if you wish the wish the witch wishes, I won't wish the wish you wish to wish.

6. I wish you were a fish in my dish

7. If two witches would watch two watches, which witch would watch which watch?

8. If you notice this notice, you will notice that this notice is not worth noticing.

9. It's not the cough that carries you off, it's the coffin they carry you off in!

10. Little red lorry

Tongue Twist

1. 广为传播的信念

2. 全盘接受这一理论

3. 二十世纪的思维方式

4. 值得进一步探讨

5. 观察得来的证

6. 理论知识

7. 这并不意味着 / 不能因此而推断

8. 盲目接受

a widespread belief

swallow the theory

twentieth-century mentality

be worth following up

ocular proof

theoretical knowledge

it doesn’t follow that …

take sth. blindly

Useful Expressions

11. 有充分理由（做）……

12. 接受……关于……的论断

13. 检验……结论

14. 不这样又有什么办法呢？

15. 知识的范围

be justified in doing sth.

accept one’s say-so about …

test the pronouncements

How can it be otherwise?

range of knowledge

9. 几个小小的回合 / 交锋

10. 预报（月）蚀

minor exchanges

foretell eclipses

16. 不愿…… would not bother to do sth.

17. 无力的论据

18. 轻信的时代

19. 靠不住的理由

weak arguments

a credulous age

precarious reasons

20. 负部分责任 be partly responsible for

1. I can say without overstatement that he is the most powerful person in our company. _________________

2. I never expected that he could not even put forward a single practical suggestion to solve the problem. _________

3. The magazine is intended to please working women in their 20s and 30s. _________

4. The accused complained he was given no opportunity to prove the accusation to be mistaken.______________

5. They pursued the criminal like a shadow and arrested him at the lodging. ____________

Directions: Replace the underlined parts in the following sentences with words or phrases from the box. Change the forms if necessary. Pleases note: each word or phrase can be used only once.

follow up justify appeal to throw light on refute

fall back on exaggeration advance bring out

exaggeration

advance

appeal to

refute

followed up

6. I do not see at all how he can give good reasons for his conduct. _________________

7. I don’t think he is a man to turn to for support in an emergency. _________

8. This essay provides new information about the life on that island in the 17th century. __________________

9. Nobody can predict what will happen next.__________

10. The speaker made clear the importance of the project.. ____________

follow up justify appeal to throw light on refute

fall back on exaggeration advance bring out

justify

fall back on

throws new light on

advance

brought out

It is important to provide specific details so as to support an idea. If terms are vague and general, quite often the reader will have to interpret what the writer means and often the reader will not have enough information to accurately do that. Therefore, the meaning should be clear so that anyone who reads the work understands exactly what the writer wants him / her to understand.A ModelThe RENNS model stands for Reasons, Examples, Names, Numbers, Senses (sight, sound, smell, taste, touch). The following examples illustrate how you can use this model to make your writing more specific.

Writing Practice

A Brief Introduction

REASONS (Why?)

EXAMPLES (What?)

General Specific

The handbook is a good guide for using documentation.

The MLA handbook provides a guide for documenting works cited.

General Specific

Student parking is becoming an important issue on many college campuses.

Because of the increasing numbers of students commuting to college,

parking is becoming an important issue.

NAMES (Who?)

NUMBERS (How many?)

General Specific

The governor of Minnesota enacted legislation that decreased the amount of aid available to college students.

The governor of Minnesota, Arne Carlson, enacted legislation that decreased the amount of aid available to middle-income college students.

General Specific

Even though many members of the student congress were absent, the motion still passed.

Even though thirteen members of the student congress were absent, the motion still passed.

SENSES----Sight

Sound

General Specific

After we viewed the movie about nuclear destruction, we better understood the devastating effects of this type of warfare.

After we viewed the enormous mushroom cloud produced by a nuclear bomb, we better understood the devastating effects of this type of warfare.

General Specific

The music was very loud at the rock concert last night.

My ears are still ringing today because the music was very loud at the rock concert last night.

Smell

Taste

General Specific

Through the use of aromatherapy, many retail stores are trying to

enhance their customers' moods to increase business.

By using floral perfumes or outdoor scents, many retail stores are trying to make their customers feel like they are in a natural setting.

General Specific

The university sponsored a festival which featured Japanese foods.

The university sponsored a festival featuring hot spicy Japanese foods.

Touch

General Specific

The Braille system of communication uses touch to convey a message.

The Braille system of communication requires a person to touch a series of raised dots to convey a message.

Use the RENNS model to make the following sentences more specific.

1) There seem to be more traffic jams in big cities in China.

2) The writer is famous for his writing style.

3) The President of the country addressed the congress the other day.

4) A large number of students entered university, which made the teacher very happy.

5) Many people enjoy Sichuan food.

You many have noticed that the detail which make a paper interesting and effective are specific details. The following exercises will increase your awareness of what “specific” really means and will help you to transform vague, general words and phrases into sharp and vivid ones.

A. Arrange the following lists of terms so that the elements in each list descend from the most general to the most specific:

Example: deer, mammal, white-tailed deer, animal

animal (most general)

mammal (next general)

deer (less general)

white-tailed deer (most specific)

1) fruit, food, McIntosh (a bright-red, early fall variety of apple), apple

Food, fruit, apple, McIntosh

2) Ford, automobile, vehicle

Vehicle, automobile, Ford

3) chat, communicate, talk

communicate, talk, chat

4) clothes, overcoats, winter wear

clothes, winter wear, overcoats

5) galaxy, universe, Mars, solar system

universe,galaxy, solar system, Mars

B. Make each of the general phrases below more specific:

Example: removing a lot of boxes from the house carrying carton after from various corners of the house out the front door to curbside

6) Doing a hard jobDigging for coal in a mine a mile below the surface

7) walking in the streetstrolling down the avenue

8) an ugly nose

a small flat nose

9) an untidy room

My brother’s room, with sweaters, underwear, books, and toys strewn everywhere

Write a composition on the topic Why Should We Attach Importance to Both Theory and Practice? Your composition should be based on the outline given below.

1) Theory is based on practice

2) Theory, in turn, serves practice

3) Conclusion

Enriching Your Word Power

________________________________________

________________________________________

________________________________________

________________________________________

a band worn around the ankle

a little brook

a little star

a little stream

1.The suffix-let is added to nouns to form other nouns, meaning

(a)little: booklet=a little book;

(b)Things worn as a band on: armlet=a band worn around the arm

Now give definitions of the following words:

anklet

brooklet

starlet

streamlet

2. The prefix fore- means “before” or “beforehand”. E.g.

Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where necessary

foregoing=going before; foretell=tell beforehand

forecast forefather foregoing forerunner foresight foretell

1) The local radio station ___________ the weather at 8 a.m.

2) Mr. Webster wishes to visit New Zealand where his _______________ once lived.

3) Through lack of ____________ Victor found himself out of gas midway between his office and his fiancée's house.

4) There have been many pictures in the ______________ pages.

forecasts

forefathers

foresight

foregoing

5) Penicillin was the _____________ of modern antibiotics.

6) It’s not altogether impossible to ____________ what will happen in the futre.

forerunner

foretell

Noun Adjective

moon lunar

sun solar

night nocturnal

year annual

mind mental

tooth dental

mouth oral

ear aural

Some nouns in English have corresponding adjectives that are derived from Latin. Here are several common example:

Noun Adjective

eye ocular

lip labial

father paternal

mother maternal

brother fraternal

nose nasal

Some nouns in English have corresponding adjectives that are derived from Latin. Here are several common example:

Fill in the blanks with words chosen from the above list:

1) The planets that orbit around the ______ belong to the ______ system.

2) Regular _______ care is essential for healthy teeth.

3) A_______ patient is one suffering from an illness of the mind.

4) Everyone has two _________ grandparents and two _________ grandparents.

5) The astronauts landed on the _______ in a _______Landing craft in 1971.

sunsolar

dental

mental

paternalmaternal

moon lunar

6) The city’s flower-show is an _______ even. It is held every _______.

7) Stars appear at _______. They are a _________ sight.

8) In the _____ test the student listens to spoken language but does not speak in response.

9) There was always a lot of ________affection between the boys.

10) Strabismus is an _______ defect.

annualyear

night nocturnal

oral

fraternal

ocular

斜视

1) cited the diplomat 外交官 , an article 条款 2) ask for the Charter of the United Nations 联合国宪章3) exaggerate

4) Statements in anger regretful 痛惜、悔恨、遗憾 regrettable 可叹、可惜、令人痛惜 take back 收回

5) preface

6) Justified

7) Horizon

8) question 怀疑

Fill in each of the blanks in the following sentences with a word or phrase chosen from the Words & Phrases to Drill box. Change the form where necessary.

9) follow up

10) advanced an incontrovertible truth 颠扑不破的真理

11) and so forth and so forth =and so on

12) threw light on magician 魔术师 pull sth out of 从……掏出来

13) pressing finance 承担费用

14) burden shoulder the burden of caring for their parents 承担照料父母的重担

Replace the italicized parts in the following sentences with words or phrases chosen from the Words & Phrases to Drill box.1) proved to be untrue----refute2) found in many place-----widespread3) foretell----predict4) gave a brief description of the main points of----outlined5) unusually----exceptionally6) For the good of----For the sake of7) put forward----advanced8) referred to----cited9) To a certain degree----In a way10) threw ----cast11) quickly-----promptly12) interested----appealed to

1) rested on sound facts

2) fall back on

3) appeal to no wonder….

4) followed up in person

5) stray away from remind sb to do sth keep to the point

6) aimed at now that 既然 guard against conceit 防止自负

7) start off with sth

8) bring out

Complete the following sentences with appropriate phrasal verbs forming from the verbs given below.

Cloze: fill in the missing words and phrases

Passage A:

1. start off 2. superstitious

3. promptly 4. exaggerates

5. fall back on 6. authorities

7. aim at 8. outlines

9. throws light on 10. rests on

11. credulous 12. exceptionally

Passage B.

1. where 2. by

3. you 4. don’t

5. come 6. That’s

7. change 8.over

9.even 10. reason

11.understate 12. soemone

13. task/thing 14. way

15. no 16. much

17. no 18. position

19. those 20. can

21. an 22. little

23. on 24. hope

Proverbs and Quotations

1. All great truths begin as blasphemies.一切伟大的真理开始都是离经叛道之言。

2. There is but one step from the sublime to the ridiculous.

真理到谬误只有一步之遥。

3. A single fact is worth a shipload of arguments.

事实胜于雄辩。

Knowledge is a treasure, but practice is the key to it. － Thomas Fuller, British churchman

所有的人都是无知的，只是对不同的科目无知而已。 —— 美国幽默作家 W•罗杰斯

知识是一座宝库，而实践是开启宝库的钥匙。 —— 英国教士 T•富勒

Everybody is ignorant, only on different subjects. － Will Rogers, American humorist

Assignments

• Read the phrases again and again after class, next time we’ll have a dictation.

• Put the sentences into English and write the composition on your exercise-books.

• Do Vocabulary exercises in unit 3.• Preview the new words and text in Unit 4.