instructional design final
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INSTRUCTIONAL DESIGN
Ratheesh Kaliyadan
Director,
Media Analysis & Research Center,
Koyilandy, Kerala, India
Ph: +91 9946445970
www.mediamarx.blogspot.com
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I D W O R K S H O P
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BEHAVIORISM
Behavioral researches have been conducted on animals but are
related to human behavior.
Cognitive Psychologists studied human behavior.
Learning involves associations established through contiguity
and repetition.
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BEHAVIORISM…
Based on observable changes in behavior which
can be measured.
Learning results from the classical conditioning
of simple reflexes.
Learning is the formation of a connection
between stimulus and response.
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COGNITIVISM
Cognitive Psychologists studied human behavior.
Theory is based on the thought process behind the behavior.
Stressed on the role of reinforcement which provides feed back
about the correctness of responses.
Learning involves subsuming new material to existing cognitive structure.
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CONSTRUCTIVISM
Learners construct their own perspective of the
world, through individual experiences and schema.
Learners construct their own knowledge. Learners
are encouraged to search for other related
relevant information.
Prepare the learner to problem solving ambiguous
situations.
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CONSTRUCTIVIST VALUES
Collaborative learning
Personal autonomy
Generativity
Reflectivity
Active engagement
Pluralism
Personal relevance
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CAN WE USE THESE THEORIES?
There is no one single theory which designers
keep in mind while designing the instructional
strategies and content.
Behavioural approach can effectively facilitate
mastery of the content.
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CAN WE…
cognitive strategies are useful in teaching
problem solving tactics.
constructivist strategies are suited for
dealing with ill defined problems
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DESIGNS OF INSTRUCTION
A plan or blue print of concepts.
Designs the learning
environment and a specific
class room interaction.
Instructional Design is a process to make
your class fruitful and more interactive.
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CREATE LEARNING OBJECTS
Most powerful tool in
the hands of teachers
Exploration of very
short, single concept.
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LEARNING OBJECTS
Self learning helps.
Directly end product.
Final test and previous
test should be mentioned
in the analysis part.
Emotions are equally
important in all process.
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TAXONOMY OF LEARNING OBJECTS
Fundamental: One piece of information, photo etc.
Combined-closed: Combination of two;
may be a picture and text. Combined-open: Leads to open various
sources. eg: links
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OUR LEARNING OBJECTS
Assets: photo/still visuals, audio, video, animation, text, sound files, graphics.
Feedback: should motivate. In the form of a question or the follow up activities
Duration:10-15 minuets.
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DESIGN
Entire letter writing.
Sequencing chunks-flow charts, maps etc.
One or two objectives of Learning Objects.
Evaluation strategy.
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ADDIE MODEL
The ADDIE model is the generic process traditionally used by instructional designers and training developers.
The five phases
Analysis
Design
Development
Implementation
Evaluation
Analysis > Design > Development > Implementation > Evaluation
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ANALYSIS PHASE
In the analysis phase, instructional problem is
clarified, the instructional goals and objectives are
established and the learning environment and
learner's existing knowledge and skills are identified.
* Who is the audience and their characteristics?
* Identify the new behavioral outcome?
* What types of learning constraints exist?
* What are the delivery options?
* What are the online pedagogical considerations?
* What is the timeline for project completion?
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DESIGN PHASE
The design phase deals with
learning objectives, assessment
instruments, exercises, content,
subject matter analysis, lesson
planning and media selection.
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DEVELOPMENT PHASE
The development
phase is where the
developers create
and assemble the
assets that were
created in the design
phase.
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IMPLEMENTATION PHASE
During the implementation phase,
a procedure for training the
facilitators and the learners is
developed.
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EVALUATION PHASE The evaluation phase consists of two parts:
formative and summative.
Formative evaluation is present in each stage of the ADDIE process.
Summative evaluation consists of tests designed for domain specific criterion-related referenced items and providing
opportunities for feedback from the users.
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