instruction on christian freedom and liberation

8/13/2019 Instruction on Christian Freedom and Liberation

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9. Ma!#s m ra) !s %e! e %s u!$er a! *)%&at% ! t *e ,e! t the fu))!ess f truth< he must seek %t ut a!$ rea$%)' a e,t %t he! %t,rese!ts %tse)f t h%m. A r$%!& t the mma!$ f Chr%st the L r$(0= the truth f the G s,e) must *e ,rese!te$ t a)) ,e ,)e( a!$ the'ha+e a r%&ht t ha+e %t ,rese!te$ t them. Its ,r )amat% !( %! the , er f the S,%r%t( %! )u$es fu)) res,e t f r the free$ m f ea h%!$%+%$ua) a!$ the e/ )us% ! f e+er' f rm f !stra%!t r ,ressure.0:

The H )' S,%r%t &u%$es the Chur h a!$ the $%s %,)es f 6esus Chr%st "%!t the fu)) truth" 06! 1:715 . The S,%r%t $%re ts the urse f thee!tur%es a!$ "re!e s the fa e f the earth" 04s 1>975> . It %s he h %s ,rese!t %! the matur%!& f a m re res,e tfu) a are!ess f the

$%&!%t' f the huma! ,ers !.0? The H )' S,%r%t %s at the r t f ura&e( * )$!ess a!$ her %sm7 "3here the S,%r%t f the L r$ %s( there %sfree$ m" 02 C r 571? .

CHA4TER ITHE STATE OF FREEDOM IN THE 3ORLD TODA@

I. A h%e+eme!ts a!$ $a!&ers f the m $er! )%*erat% ! ,r ess

The heritage of Christianity

=. B' re+ea)%!& t ma! h%s !$%t% ! as a free ,ers ! a))e$ t e!ter %!t mmu!% ! %th G $( the G s,e) f 6esus Chr%st has e+ ke$a! a are!ess f the h%thert u!sus,e te$ $e,ths f huma! free$ m. Thus the uest f r free$ m a!$ the as,%rat% ! t )%*erat% !( h% hare am !& the ,r%! %,a) s%&!s f the t%mes %! the m $er! r)$( ha+e the%r f%rst s ur e %! the Chr%st%a! her%ta&e. Th%s rema%!s true e+e!%! ,)a es here the' assume err !e us f rms a!$ e+e! ,, se the Chr%st%a! +%e f ma! a!$ h%s $est%!'. 3%th ut th%s refere! e t theG s,e)( the h%st r' f the re e!t e!tur%es %! the 3est a!! t *e u!$erst $.

The modern age

:. Thus %t %s that fr m the $a ! f m $er! t%mes( at the Re!a%ssa! e( %t as th u&ht that *' a retur! t a!t% u%t' %! ,h%) s ,h' a!$thr u&h the !atura) s %e! es ma! u)$ *e a*)e t &a%! free$ m f th u&ht a!$ a t% !( tha!ks t h%s k! )e$&e a!$ !tr ) f the )a sf !ature.

Luther( f r h%s ,art( *as%!& h%mse)f ! h%s rea$%!& f Sa%!t 4au)( s u&ht t re!e the stru&&)e f r free$ m fr m the ' ke f the La (h% h he sa as re,rese!te$ *' the Chur h f h%s t%me. But %t as a* +e a)) %! the A&e f the E!)%&hte!me!t a!$ at the Fre! hRe+ )ut% ! that the a)) t free$ m ra!& ut %th fu)) f r e. S%! e that t%me( ma!' ha+e re&ar$e$ future h%st r' as a! %rres%st%*)e ,r essf )%*erat% ! %!e+%ta*)' )ea$%!& t a! a&e %! h% h ma!( t ta))' free at )ast( %)) e!- ' ha,,%!ess ! th%s earth.

Toward the mastery of nature

?. 3%th%! the ,ers,e t%+e f su h a! %$e ) &' f ,r &ress( ma! s u&ht t *e me master f !ature. The ser+%tu$e h% h he ha$e/,er%e! e$ u, t that , %!t as *ase$ ! %&! ra! e a!$ ,re-u$% e. B' rest%!& fr m !ature %ts se rets( ma! u)$ su*-e t %t t h%s! ser+% e. The ! uest f free$ m thus !st%tute$ the & a) ,ursue$ thr u&h the $e+e) ,me!t f s %e! e a!$ te h! ) &'. The

eff rts e/,e!$e$ ha+e )e$ t remarka*)e su esses. 3h%)e ma! %s ! t %mmu!e fr m !atura) $%sasters( ma!' !atura) $a!&ers ha+e *ee!rem +e$. A &r %!& !um*er f %!$%+%$ua)s %s e!sure$ a$e uate ! ur%shme!t. Ne mea!s f tra!s, rt a!$ tra$e fa %)%tate the e/ ha!&ef f $ res ur es( ra mater%a)s( )a* ur a!$ te h!% a) sk%))s( s that a )%fe f $%&!%t' %th free$ m fr m , +ert' a! *e reas !a*)'e!+%sa&e$ f r ma!k%!$.

Social and political achievements

8. The m $er! )%*erat% ! m +eme!t ha$ set %tse)f a , )%t% a) a!$ s %a) *-e t%+e. It as t ,ut a! e!$ t the $ m%!at% ! f ma! *' ma!a!$ t ,r m te the e ua)%t' a!$ *r therh $ f a)). It a!! t *e $e!%e$ that %! th%s s,here( t ( , s%t%+e resu)ts ha+e *ee! *ta%!e$.Le&a) s)a+er' a!$ * !$a&e ha+e *ee! a* )%she$. The r%&ht f a)) t share %! the *e!ef%ts f u)ture has ma$e s%&!%f% a!t ,r &ress. I!ma!' u!tr%es the )a re &!% es the e ua)%t' f me! a!$ me!( the ,art% %,at% ! f a)) %t% e!s %! , )%t% a) )%fe( a!$ e ua) r%&hts f ra)). Ra %sm %s re-e te$ as !trar' t )a a!$ -ust% e. The f rmu)at% ! f huma! r%&hts %m,)%es a )earer a are!ess f the $%&!%t' f a))huma! *e%!&s. B' m,ar%s ! %th ,re+% us s'stems f $ m%!at% !( the a$+a! es f free$ m a!$ e ua)%t' %! ma!' s %et%es areu!$e!%a*)e.

Freedom of thought and of decision

. F%!a))' a!$ a* +e a))( the m $er! )%*erat% ! m +eme!t as su,, se$ t *r%!& ma! %!!er free$ m( %! the f rm f free$ m f th u&hta!$ free$ m f $e %s% !. It s u&ht t free ma! fr m su,erst%t% ! a!$ ata+%st% fears( re&ar$e$ as s ma!' *sta )es t h%s $e+e) ,me!t.It ,r , se$ t &%+e ma! the ura&e a!$ * )$!ess t use h%s reas ! %th ut *e%!& he)$ *a k *' fear *ef re the fr !t%ers f theu!k! !. Thus( ! ta*)' %! the h%st r% a) a!$ huma! s %e! es( there $e+e) ,e$ a !e ! t% ! f ma!( ,r fesse$)' t he), h%m &a%! a*etter se)f;u!$ersta!$%!& %! matters ! er!%!& h%s ,ers !a) &r th r the fu!$ame!ta) !$%t% !s f r the f rmat% ! f the mmu!%t'.


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Ambiguities in the modern process of liberation

1>. 3%th re&ar$ t the ! uest f !ature( r s %a) a!$ , )%t% a) )%fe( r ma!#s se)f master' ! * th the %!$%+%$ua) a!$ ))e t%+e )e+e)(a!' !e a! see that the ,r &ress a h%e+e$ %s far fr m fu)f%))%!& the r%&%!a) am*%t% !s. It %s a)s *+% us that !e $a!&ers( !e f rms fser+%tu$e a!$ !e terr rs ha+e ar%se! at the +er' t%me that the m $er! )%*erat% ! m +eme!t as s,rea$%!&. Th%s %s a s%&! that ser% usam*%&u%t%es ! er!%!& the +er' mea!%!& f free$ m ha+e fr m the +er' *e&%!!%!& ,)a&ue$ th%s m +eme!t fr m %th%!.

an threatened by his domination of nature

11. S %t %s that the m re ma! free$ h%mse)f fr m the $a!&ers f !ature( the m re he e/,er%e! e$ a &r %!& fear !fr !t%!& h%m. Aste h! ) &' &a%!s a! e+er &reater !tr ) f !ature( %t threate!s t $estr ' the +er' f u!$at% !s f ur future %! su h a a' that ma!k%!$)%+%!& t $a' *e mes the e!em' f the &e!erat% !s t me. B' us%!& *)%!$ , er t su*-u&ate the f r es f !ature( are e ! t ! thea' t $estr '%!& the free$ m f the me! a!$ me! f t m rr 3hat f r es a! ,r te t ma! fr m the s)a+er' f h%s !$ m%!at% ! A h ))' !e a,a %t' f r free$ m a!$ )%*erat% !( $ema!$%!& a! e!t%re)' re!e e$ ,r ess f )%*erat% !( *e mes!e essar'.

!angers of technological power

12. The )%*erat%!& f r e f s %e!t%f% k! )e$&e %s *-e t%+e)' e/,resse$ %! the &reat a h%e+eme!ts f te h! ) &'. 3h e+er , ssesseste h! ) &' has , er +er the earth a!$ me!. As a resu)t f th%s( h%thert u!k! ! f rms f %!e ua)%t' ha+e ar%se! *et ee! th se h, ssess k! )e$&e a!$ th se h are s%m,)e users f te h! ) &'. The !e te h! ) &% a) , er %s )%!ke$ t e ! m% , er a!$)ea$s t a ! e!trat% ! f %t. Thus( %th%! !at% !s a!$ *et ee! !at% !s( re)at% !sh%,s f $e,e!$e! e ha+e &r ! u, h% h %th%! the

)ast t e!t' 'ears ha+e *ee! the as% ! f / a !e )a%m t )%*erat% !. H a! the , er f te h! ) &' *e ,re+e!te$ fr m *e m%!&a , er f ,,ress% ! +er huma! &r u,s r e!t%re ,e ,)es

"ndividualism and collectivism

15. I! the f%e)$ f s %a) a!$ , )%t% a) a h%e+eme!ts( !e f the fu!$ame!ta) am*%&u%t%es f the aff%rmat%! f free$ m %! the a&e f theE!)%&hte!me!t ha$ t $ %th the ! e,t f the su*-e t f th%s free$ m as a! %!$%+%$ua) h %s fu))' se)f;suff% %e!t a!$ h se f%!a)%t' %sthe sat%sfa t% ! f h%s ! %!terests %! the e!- 'me!t f earth)' & $s. The %!$%+%$ua)%st% %$e ) &' %!s,%re$ *' th%s ! e,t f ma!fa+ ure$ the u!e ua) $%str%*ut% ! f ea)th at the *e&%!!%!& f the %!$ustr%a) era t the , %!t that rkers f u!$ themse)+es e/ )u$e$fr m a ess t the esse!t%a) & $s h% h the' ha$ he),e$ t ,r $u e a!$ t h% h the' ha$ a r%&ht. He! e the *%rth f , erfu))%*erat% ! m +eme!ts fr m the , +ert' ause$ *' %!$ustr%a) s %et'.

Certa%! Chr%st%a!s( * th )a' ,ers !s a!$ ,ast rs( ha+e ! t fa%)e$ t f%&ht f r a -ust re &!%t% ! f the )e&%t%mate r%&hts f rkers. O!ma!' as% !s the Ma&%ster%um f the Chur h has ra%se$ %ts + % e %! su,, rt f th%s ause. But m re fte! tha! ! t the -ust $ema!$sf the rker m +eme!t ha+e )e$ t !e f rms f ser+%tu$e( *e%!& %!s,%re$ *' ! e,ts h% h %&! re$ the tra!s e!$e!ta) + at% ! fthe huma! ,ers ! a!$ attr%*ute$ t ma! a ,ure)' earth)' $est%!'. These $ema!$s ha+e s met%mes *ee! $%re te$ t ar$s ))e t%+%st& a)s( h% h ha+e the! &%+e! r%se t %!-ust% es -ust as &ra+e as the !es h% h the' ere mea!t t e)%m%!ate.

#ew forms of oppression

19. Thus %t %s that ur a&e has see! the *%rth f t ta)%tar%a! s'stems a!$ f rms f t'ra!!' h% h u)$ ! t ha+e *ee! , ss%*)e %! thet%me *ef re the te h! ) &% a) )ea, f r ar$. O! the !e ha!$( te h!% a) e/,ert%se has *ee! a,,)%e$ t a ts f &e! %$e. O! the ther(+ar% us m%! r%t%es tr' t h )$ %! thra)) h )e !at% !s *' the ,ra t% e f terr r%sm. T $a' !tr ) a! ,e!etrate %!t the %!!erm st )%fe f%!$%+%$ua)s( a!$ e+e! the f rms f $e,e!$e! e reate$ *' the ear)'; ar!%!& s'stems a! re,rese!t , te!t%a) threats f ,,ress% !.

A fa)se )%*erat% ! fr m the !stra%!ts f s %et' %s s u&ht %! re urse t $ru&s h% h ha+e )e$ ma!' ' u!& ,e ,)e fr m a)) +er ther)$ t the , %!t f se)f;$estru t% ! a!$ *r u&ht h )e fam%)%es t s rr a!$ a!&u%sh.

!anger of total destruction

1=. The re &!%t% ! f a -ur%$% a) r$er as a &uara!tee f re)at% !sh%,s %th%! the &reat fam%)' f ,e ,)es %s &r %!& eaker a!$ eaker.3he! !f%$e! e %! the )a ! ) !&er seems t ffer suff% %e!t ,r te t% !( se ur%t' a!$ ,ea e are s u&ht %! mutua) threats( h% h*e me a $a!&er f r a)) huma!%t'. The f r es h% h u&ht t ser+e the $e+e) ,me!t f free$ m ser+e %!stea$ the %! rease f threats.The ea, !s f $eath $ra ! u, a&a%!st ea h ther t $a' are a,a*)e f $estr '%!& a)) huma! )%fe ! earth.

#ew relationships of ine$uality

1:. Ne re)at% !sh%,s f %!e ua)%t' a!$ ,,ress% ! ha+e *ee! esta*)%she$ *et ee! the !at% !s e!$ e$ %th , er a!$ th se %th ut%t. The ,ursu%t f !e#s ! %!terest seems t *e the ru)e f r %!ter!at% !a) re)at% !s( %th ut the mm ! & $ f huma!%t' *e%!& take!%!t !s%$erat% !. The %!ter!a) *a)a! e f the , r !at% !s %s u,set *' the %m, rtat% ! f arms( h% h %!tr $u es am !& them a $%+%s%+e


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e)eme!t )ea$%!& t the $ m%!at% ! f !e &r u, +er a! ther. 3hat , ers u)$ e)%m%!ate s'stemat% re urse t arms a!$ rest reauth r%t' t )a s

%mancipation of young nations

1?. It %s %! the !te/t f the %!e ua)%t' f , er re)at% !sh%,s that there ha+e a,,eare$ m +eme!ts f r the ema! %,at% ! f ' u!&!at% !s( &e!era))' the , r !es( u!t%) re e!t)' su*-e te$ t ) !%a) $ m%!at% !. But t fte! the ,e ,)e are frustrate$ %! the%r har$;

! %!$e,e!$e! e *' u!s ru,u) us re&%mes r t'ra!!%es h% h s ff at huma! r%&hts %th %m,u!%t'. The ,e ,)e thus re$u e$ t, er)ess!ess mere)' ha+e a ha!&e f masters. It rema%!s true that !e f the ma- r ,he! me!a f ur t%me( f !t%!e!ta),r , rt% !s( %s the a ake!%!& f the !s % us!ess f ,e ,)e h ( *e!t *e!eath the e%&ht f a&e; )$ , +ert'( as,%re t a )%fe %! $%&!%t'a!$ -ust% e a!$ are ,re,are$ t f%&ht f r the%r free$ m.

orality and &od' obstacles to liberation(

18. 3%th refere! e t the m $er! )%*erat% ! m +eme!t %th%! ma! h%mse)f( %t has t *e state$ that the eff rt t free th u&ht a!$ %)) fr mthe%r )%m%ts has )e$ s me t !s%$er that m ra)%t' as su h !st%tutes a! %rrat% !a) )%m%t. It %s f r ma!( ! res )+e$ t *e me h%s !master( t & *e' !$ %t. F r ma!' m re( %t %s G $ h%mse)f h %s the s,e %f% a)%e!at% ! f ma!. There %s sa%$ t *e a ra$% a)%! m,at%*%)%t' *et ee! the aff%rmat% ! f G $ a!$ f huma! free$ m. B' re-e t%!& *e)%ef %! G $( the' sa'( ma! %)) *e me tru)' free.

Some agoni)ing $uestions

1 . Here %s the r t f the tra&e$%es a m,a!'%!& the m $er! h%st r' f free$ m. 3h' $ es th%s h%st r'( %! s,%te f &reat

a h%e+eme!ts( h% h a)s rema%! a) a's fra&%)e( e/,er%e! e fre ue!t re)a,ses %!t a)%e!at% ! a!$ see the a,,eara! e f !e f rms fs)a+er' 3h' $ )%*erat% ! m +eme!ts h% h ha$ r use$ &reat h ,es resu)t %! re&%mes f r h% h the %t% e!s# free$ m(08 *e&%!!%!& %ththe f%rst f these free$ ms h% h %s re)%&% us free$ m( *e mes e!em' !um*er !e 3he! ma! %shes t free h%mse)f fr m the m ra))a ' a!$ *e me %!$e,e!$e!t f G $( far fr m &a%!%!& h%s free$ m he $estr 's %t. Es a,%!& the measur%!& r $ f truth( he fa))s ,re' tthe ar*%trar'< frater!a) re)at% !s *et ee! ,e ,)e are a* )%she$ a!$ &%+e ,)a e t terr r( hatre$ a!$ fear. Be ause %t has *ee!!tam%!ate$ *' $ea$)' err rs a* ut ma!#s !$%t% ! a!$ h%s free$ m( the $ee,)';r te$ m $er! )%*erat% ! m +eme!t rema%!s

am*%&u us. It %s )a$e! * th %th ,r m%ses f true free$ m a!$ threats f $ea$)' f rms f * !$a&e.

II. Free$ m %! the e/,er%e! e f the 4e ,)e f G $

Church and freedom

2>. It %s *e ause f her a are!ess f th%s $ea$)' am*%&u%t' that thr u&h her Ma&%ster%um the Chur h has ra%se$ her + % e +er thee!tur%es t ar! a&a%!st a*errat% !s that u)$ eas%)' *r%!& e!thus%asm f r )%*erat% ! t a *%tter $%s%))us% !me!t. She has fte! *ee!m%su!$erst $ %! s $ %!&. 3%th the ,assa&e f t%me h e+er %t %s , ss%*)e t $ &reater -ust% e t the Chur h#s , %!t f +%e . It %s %! the!ame f the truth a* ut ma!( reate$ %! the %ma&e f G $( that the Chur h has %!ter+e!e$.01> @et she %s a use$ f there*' sett%!&herse)f u, as a! *sta )e ! the ,ath t )%*erat% !. Her h%erar h% a) !st%tut% ! %s sa%$ t *e ,, se$ t e ua)%t'( her Ma&%ster%um t *e,, se$ t free$ m f th u&ht. It %s true that there ha+e *ee! err rs f -u$&me!t a!$ ser% us m%ss% !s f r h% h Chr%st%a!s ha+e *ee!res, !s%*)e %! the urse f the e!tur%es* . Su h %s the $%&!%t' h% h ! !e f the, erfu) a! take a a' fr m them< su h %s the )%*erat%!& - ' ,rese!t %! them. The' k! that t them t are a$$resse$ 6esus# r$s7"N ) !&er $ I a)) ' u ser+a!ts( f r the ser+a!t $ es ! t k! hat h%s master %s $ %!&< *ut I ha+e a))e$ ' u fr%e!$s( f r a)) that Iha+e hear$ fr m m' Father I ha+e ma$e k! ! t ' u " 06! 1=7 1= . Th%s shar%!& %! the k! )e$&e f G $ %s the%r ema! %,at% ! fr mthe $ m%!at%!& )a%ms f the )ear!e$7 "@ u a)) k! ... a!$ ' u ha+e ! !ee$ that a!' !e sh u)$ tea h ' u" 01 6! 27 2>*( 2?* . The'


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are a)s a are f shar%!& %! the h%&hest k! )e$&e t h% h huma!%t' %s a))e$. 019 The' k! that the' are ) +e$ *' G $( the sameas a)) ther ,e ,)e a!$ m re tha! a)) ther ,e ,)e. The' thus )%+e %! the free$ m h% h f) s fr m truth a!$ ) +e.

*esources of popular piety

22. The same se!se f fa%th( , ssesse$ *' the ,e ,)e f G $ %! %ts h ,e;f%))e$ $e+ t% ! t the Cr ss f 6esus( ,er e%+es the , er!ta%!e$ %! the m'ster' f Chr%st the Re$eemer. Theref re( far fr m $es,%s%!& r %sh%!& t su,,ress the f rms f , ,u)ar ,%et' h% h

th%s $e+ t% ! assumes( !e sh u)$ take a!$ $ee,e! a)) %ts mea!%!& a!$ %m,)% at% !s.01= Here e ha+e a fa t f fu!$ame!ta)the ) &% a) a!$ ,ast ra) s%&!%f% a! e7 %t %s the , r( the *-e t f G $#s s,e %a) ) +e( h u!$ersta!$ *est a!$ as %t ere %!st%! t%+e)'that the m st ra$% a) )%*erat% !( h% h %s )%*erat% ! fr m s%! a!$ $eath( %s the )%*erat% ! a m,)%she$ *' the Death a!$ Resurre t% ! fChr%st.

Salvific and ethical dimension of liberation

25. The , er f th%s )%*erat% ! ,e!etrates a!$ ,r f u!$)' tra!sf rms ma! a!$ h%s h%st r' %! %ts ,rese!t rea)%t' a!$ a!%mates h%ses hat ) &% a) 'ear!%!&. The f%rst a!$ fu!$ame!ta) mea!%!& f )%*erat% ! h% h thus ma!%fests %tse)f %s the sa)+%f% !e7 ma! %s free$fr m the ra$% a) * !$a&e f e+%) a!$ s%!. I! th%s e/,er%e! e f sa)+at% !( ma! $%s +ers the true mea!%!& f h%s free$ m( s%! e )%*erat% !%s the rest rat% ! f free$ m. It %s a)s e$u at% ! %! free$ m( that %s t sa'( e$u at% ! %! the r%&ht use f free$ m. Thus t the sa)+%f%$%me!s% ! f )%*erat% ! %s )%!ke$ %ts eth% a) $%me!s% !.

A new phase in the history of freedom

29. T $%ffere!t $e&rees( the se!se f fa%th( h% h %s at the r%&%! f a ra$% a) e/,er%e! e f )%*erat% ! a!$ free$ m( has %m*ue$ theu)ture a!$ the ust ms f Chr%st%a! ,e ,)es. But t $a'( *e ause f the f rm%$a*)e ha))e!&es h% h huma!%t' must fa e( %t %s %! ah ))' !e a' that %t has *e me !e essar' a!$ ur&e!t that the ) +e f G $ a!$ free$ m %! truth a!$ -ust% e sh u)$ mark re)at% !s*et ee! %!$%+%$ua)s a!$ ,e ,)es a!$ a!%mate the )%fe f u)tures. F r here truth a!$ ) +e are m%ss%!&( the ,r ess f )%*erat% ! resu)ts%! the $eath f a free$ m h% h %)) ha+e ) st a)) su,, rt. A !e ,hase %! the h%st r' f free$ m %s ,e!%!& *ef re us. The )%*erat%!&a,a %t%es f s %e! e( te h! ) &'( rk( e ! m% s a!$ , )%t% a) a t%+%t' %)) !)' ,r $u e resu)ts %f the' f%!$ the%r %!s,%rat% ! a!$measure %! the truth a!$ ) +e h% h are str !&er tha! suffer%!&7 the truth a!$ ) +e re+ea)e$ t me! *' 6esus Chr%st.

CHA4TER II

MAN#S OCATION TO FREEDOM AND THE TRAGED@ OF SIN

I. 4re)%m%!ar' a,,r a hes t free$ m

A spontaneous response

2=. The s, !ta!e us res, !se t the uest% !7 "3hat $ es *e%!& free mea! " %s th%s7 a ,ers ! %s free he! he %s a*)e t $ hate+erhe %shes %th ut *e%!& h%!$ere$ *' a! e/ter% r !stra%!t a!$ thus e!- 's m,)ete %!$e,e!$e! e. The ,, s%te f free$ m u)$theref re *e the $e,e!$e! e f ur %)) u, ! the %)) f a! ther. But $ es ma! a) a's k! hat he a!ts Ca! he $ e+er'th%!& hea!ts Is ) s%!& %! ! !ese)f a!$ utt%!& !ese)f ff fr m the %)) f thers %! !f rm%t' %th the !ature f ma! Ofte! the $es%re f a,art% u)ar m me!t %s ! t hat a ,ers ! rea))' a!ts. A!$ %! !e a!$ the same ,ers ! there a! e/%st !tra$% t r' %shes. But a* +ea)) ma! mes u, a&a%!st the )%m%ts f h%s ! !ature7 h%s $es%res are &reater tha! h%s a*%)%t%es. Thus the *sta )e h% h ,, ses h%s %))$ es ! t a) a's me fr m uts%$e( *ut fr m the )%m%ts f h%s ! *e%!&. Th%s %s h'( u!$er ,a%! f $estr '%!& h%mse)f( ma! must )ear!t harm !% e h%s %)) %th h%s !ature.

Truth a!$ -ust% e( ru)es f free$ m

2:. Furtherm re( e+er' %!$%+%$ua) %s r%e!te$ t ar$ ther ,e ,)e a!$ !ee$s the%r m,a!'. It %s !)' *' )ear!%!& t u!%te h%s %)) t thethers f r the sake f true & $ that he %)) )ear! re t%tu$e f %)). It %s thus harm !' %th the e/%&e! %es f huma! !ature h% h makesthe %)) %tse)f huma!. Th%s %! fa t re u%res the r%ter% ! f truth a!$ a r%&ht re)at% !sh%, t the %)) f thers. Truth a!$ -ust% e are theref rethe measure f true free$ m. B' $%s ar$%!& th%s f u!$at% ! a!$ tak%!& h%mse)f f r G $( ma! fa))s %!t $e e,t% !( a!$ %!stea$ f rea)% %!&h%mse)f he $estr 's h%mse)f. Far fr m *e%!& a h%e+e$ %! t ta) se)f;suff% %e! ' a!$ a! a*se! e f re)at% !sh%,s( free$ m !)' tru)' e/%stshere re %,r a) * !$s( & +er!e$ *' truth a!$ -ust% e( )%!k ,e ,)e t !e a! ther. But f r su h * !$s t *e , ss%*)e( ea h ,ers ! must)%+e %! the truth. Free$ m %s ! t the )%*ert' t $ a!'th%!& hats e+er. It %s the free$ m t $ & $( a!$ %! th%s a) !e ha,,%!ess %s t *ef u!$. The & $ %s thus the & a) f free$ m. I! !se ue! e ma! *e mes free t the e/te!t that he mes t a k! )e$&e f thetruth( a!$ t the e/te!t that th%s truth ; a!$ ! t a!' ther f r es ; &u%$es h%s %)). L%*erat% ! f r the sake f a k! )e$&e f the truthh% h a) !e $%re ts the %)) %s the !e essar' !$%t% ! f r a free$ m rth' f the !ame.

II. Free$ m a!$ )%*erat% !


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Freedom for the creature

2?. I! ther r$s( free$ m h% h %s %!ter% r master' f !e#s ! a ts a!$ se)f;$eterm%!at% ! %mme$%ate)' e!ta%)s a re)at% !sh%, %ththe eth% a) r$er. It f%!$s %ts true mea!%!& %! the h % e f m ra) & $. It the! ma!%fests %tse)f as ema! %,at% ! fr m m ra) e+%). B' h%sfree a t% !( ma! must te!$ t ar$ the su,reme & $ thr u&h )esser & $s h% h !f rm t the e/%&e! %es f h%s !ature a!$ h%s $%+%!e+ at% !.

I! e/er %s%!& h%s free$ m( he $e %$es f r h%mse)f a!$ f rms h%mse)f. I! th%s se!se ma! %s h%s ! ause. But he %s th%s !)' as areature a!$ as G $#s %ma&e. Th%s %s the truth f h%s *e%!& h% h sh s *' !trast h ,r f u!$)' err !e us are the the r%es h% hth%!k the' e/a)t the free$ m f ma! r h%s "h%st r% a) ,ra/%s" *' mak%!& th%s free$ m the a*s )ute ,r%! %,)e f h%s *e%!& a!$ *e m%!&.These the r%es are e/,ress% !s f athe%sm r te!$ t ar$ athe%sm *' the%r ! ) &% . I!$%ffere!t%sm a!$ $e)%*erate a&! st% %sm & %!the same $%re t% !. It %s the %ma&e f G $ %! ma! h% h u!$er)%es the free$ m a!$ $%&!%t' f the huma! ,ers !.01:

The call of the Creator

28. B' reat%!& ma! free( G $ %m,r%!te$ ! h%m h%s ! %ma&e a!$ )%ke!ess.01? Ma! hears the a)) f h%s Creat r %! the %! )%!at% ! a!$as,%rat% ! f h%s ! !ature t ar$ the G $( a!$ st%)) m re %! the r$ f Re+e)at% !( h% h as ,r )a%me$ %! a ,erfe t ma!!er %! theChr%st. It %s thus re+ea)e$ t ma! that G $ reate$ h%m free s that *' &ra e ma! u)$ e!ter %!t fr%e!$sh%, %th G $ a!$ share h%s )%fe.

A shared freedom

2 . Ma! $ es ! t take h%s r%&%! fr m h%s ! %!$%+%$ua) r ))e t%+e a t% !( *ut fr m the &%ft f G $ h reate$ h%m. Th%s %s the f%rst

!fess% ! f ur fa%th( a!$ %t !f%rms the ) ft%est %!s%&hts f huma! th u&ht. The free$ m f ma! %s a share$ free$ m. H%s a,a %t' f rse)f;rea)% at% ! %s %! ! a' su,,resse$ *' h%s $e,e!$e! e ! Gu$. It %s ,re %se)' the hara ter%st% f athe%sm t *e)%e+e %! a!%rre$u %*)e ,, s%t% ! *et ee! the ausa)%t' f a $%+%!e free$ m a!$ that f ma!#s free$ m( as th u&h the aff%rmat% ! f G $ mea!t the!e&at% ! f ma!( r as th u&h G $#s %!ter+e!t% ! %! h%st r' re!$ere$ +a%! the e!$ea+ urs f ma!. I! rea)%t'( %t %s fr m G $ a!$ %!re)at% !sh%, %th h%m that huma! free$ m takes %ts mea!%!& a!$ !s%ste! '.

an+s free choice

5>. Ma!#s h%st r' u!f )$s ! the *as%s f the !ature h% h he has re e%+e$ fr m G $ a!$ %! the free a m,)%shme!t f the ,ur, set ar$ h% h the %! )%!at% !s f th%s !ature a!$ f $%+%!e &ra e r%e!t a!$ $%re t h%m. But ma!#s free$ m %s f%!%te a!$ fa))%*)e. H%s $es%rema' *e $ra ! t a! a,,are!t & $7 %! h s%!& a fa)se & $( he fa%)s %! h%s + at% ! t free$ m. B' h%s free %))( ma! %s master f h%s! )%fe7 he a! a t %! a , s%t%+e se!se r %! a $estru t%+e !e. B' *e'%!& the $%+%!e )a %!s r%*e$ %! h%s !s %e! e a!$ re e%+e$ as a!

%m,u)se f the H )' S,%r%t( ma! e/ er %ses true master' e+er h%mse)f a!$ thus rea)% es h%s r 'a) + at% ! as a h%)$ f G $. "B' theser+% e f G $ he re%&!s".018 Authe!t% free$ m %s the "ser+% e f -ust% e"( h%)e the h % e f $%s *e$%e! e a!$ e+%) %s the "s)a+er' fs%!".01

Temporal liberation and freedom

51. Th%s ! t% ! f free$ m )ar%f%es the s ,e f tem, ra) )%*erat% !7 %t %!+ )+es a)) the ,r esses h% h a%m at se ur%!& a!$&uara!tee%!& the !$%t% !s !ee$e$ f r the e/er %se f a! authe!% huma! free$ m. Thus %t %s ! t )%*erat% ! h% h %! %tse)f ,r $u eshuma! free$ m. C mm ! se!se( !f%rme$ *' Chr%st%a! se!se( k! s that e+e! he! free$ m %s su*-e t t f rms f !$%t% !%!& %t %s! t there*' m,)ete)' $estr 'e$. 4e ,)e h u!$er& terr%*)e !stra%!ts su ee$ %! ma!%fest%!& the%r free$ m a!$ tak%!& ste,s tse ure the%r ! )%*erat% !. A ,r ess f )%*erat% ! h% h has *ee! a h%e+e$ a! !)' reate *etter !$%t% !s f r the effe t%+e e/er %sef free$ m. I!$ee$ a )%*erat% ! h% h $ es ! t take %!t a u!t the ,ers !a) free$ m f th se h f%&ht f r %t %s !$em!e$ %!a$+a! e t $efeat.

III. Free$ m a!$ huma! s %et'

The rights of man and his freedoms

52. G $ $%$ ! t reate ma! as a "s )%tar' *e%!&" *ut %she$ h%m t *e a "s %a) *e%!&".02> S %a) )%fe theref re %s ! t e/ter% r t ma!7 hea! !)' &r a!$ rea)% e h%s + at% ! %! re)at% ! %th thers. Ma! *e) !&s t $%ffere!t mmu!%t%es7 the fam%)' a!$ ,r fess% !a) a!$, )%t% a) mmu!%t%es( a!$ %t %s %!s%$e these mmu!%t%es that he must e/er %se h%s res, !s%*)e free$ m. A -ust s %a) r$er ffers ma!%rre,)a ea*)e ass%sta! e %! rea)% %!& h%s free ,ers !a)%t'. O! the ther ha!$( a! u!-ust s %a) r$er %s a threat a!$ a! *sta )e h% h a!m,r m%se h%s $est%!'. I! the s %a) s,here( free$ m %s e/,resse$ a!$ rea)% e$ %! a t% !s( stru tures a!$ %!st%tut% !s( tha!ks t h% h

,e ,)e mmu!% ate %th !e a! ther a!$ r&a!% e the%r mm ! )%fe. The *) ss m%!& f a free ,ers !a)%t'( h% h f r e+er' %!$%+%$ua)%s a $ut' a!$ a r%&ht( must *e he),e$ a!$ ! t h%!$ere$ *' s %et'. Here e ha+e a! e/%&e! ' f a m ra) !ature h% h has f u!$ %tse/,ress% ! %! the f rmu)at% ! f the R%&hts f Ma!. S me f these ha+e as the%r *-e t hat are usua))' a))e$ "the free$ ms"( that %s tsa'( a's f re &!% %!& e+er' huma! *e%!s hara ter as a ,ers ! res, !s%*)e f r h%mse)f a!$ h%s tras e!$e!t $est%!'( as e)) as the%!+% )a*%)%t' f h%s !s %e! e .021


7/24

an+s social dimension and the glory of &od

55. The s %a) $%me!s% ! f the huma! *e%!& a)s takes ! a! ther mea!%!&7 !)' the +ast !um*ers a!$ r% h $%+ers%t' f ,e ,)e a!e/,ress s meth%!& f the %!f%!%te r% h!ess f G $. F%!a))'( th%s $%me!s% ! %s mea!t t f%!$ %ts a m,)%shme!t %! the B $' f Chr%st h% h%s the Chur h. Th%s %s h' s %a) )%fe( %! the +ar%et' f %ts f rms a!$ t the e/te!t that %t %s %! !f rm%t' %th the $%+%!e )a ( !st%tutes aref)e t% ! f the &) r' f G $ %! the r)$. 022

I . Huma! free$ m a!$ $ m%!% ! +er !ature

an+s call to master nature

59. As a !se ue! e f h%s * $%)' $%me!s% !( ma! !ee$s the res ur es f the mater%a) r)$ f r h%s ,ers !a) a!$ s %a) fu)f%)me!t. I!th%s + at% ! t e/er %se $ m%!% ! +er the earth *' ,utt%!& %t at h%s ser+% e thr u&h rk( !e a! see a! as,e t f the %ma&e f G $.025 But huma! %!ter+e!t% ! %s ! t " reat%+e"< %t e! u!ters a mater%a) !ature h% h )%ke %tse)f has %ts r%&%! %! G $ the Creat r a!$ fh% h ma! has *ee! !st%tute$ the "! *)e a!$ %se &uar$%a!"029

an, the master of his works

5=. Te h!% a) a!$ e ! m% tra!sf rmat% !s %!f)ue! e the r&a!% at% ! f s %a) )%fe< the' a!! t he), *ut affe t t s me e/te!t u)tura)a!$ e+e! re)%&% us )%fe. H e+er( *' reas ! f h%s free$ m ma! rema%!s the master f h%s a t%+%t'. The &reat a!$ ra,%$ tra!sf rmat% !sf the ,rese!t a&e fa e h%m %th a $ramat% ha))e!&e7 that f master%!& a!$ !tr ))%!& *' the use f h%s reas ! a!$ free$ m the f r es

h% h he ,uts t rk %! the ser+% e f the true ,ur, ses f huma! e/%ste! e.

Scientific discoveries and moral progress

5:. It %s the task f free$ m the!( he! %t %s e)) r$ere$( t e!sure that s %e!t%f% a!$ te h!% a) a h%e+eme!ts( the uest f r the%reffe t%+eress( a!$ the ,r $u ts f rk a!$ the +er' stru tures f e ! m% a!$ s %a) r&a!% at% ! are ! t ma$e t ser+e ,r -e tsh% h u)$ $e,r%+e them f the%r huma! ,ur, ses a!$ tur! them a&a%!st ma! h%mse)f. S %e!t%f% a t%+%t' a!$ te h! ) &% a) a t%+%t' ea h%!+ )+e s,e %f% e/%&e! %es. But the' !)' a u%re the%r ,r ,er)' huma! mea!%!& a!$ +a)ue he! the' are su* r$%!ate$ t m ra),r%! %,)es. These e/%&e! %es must *e res,e te$< *ut t %sh t attr%*ute t them a! a*s )ute a!$ !e essar' aut ! m'( ! t %! !f rm%t'%th the !ature f th%!&s( %s t set ut a) !& a ,ath h% h %s ru%! us f r the authe!t% free$ m f ma!.

. S%!( the s ur e f $%+%s% ! a!$ ,,ress% !

Sin, separation from &od

5?. G $ a))s ma! t free$ m. I! ea h ,ers ! there )%+es a $es%re t *e free. A!$ 'et th%s $es%re a)m st a) a's te!$s t ar$s s)a+er'a!$ ,,ress% !. A)) mm%tme!t t )%*erat% ! a!$ free$ m theref re ,resu,, ses that th%s tra&% ,ara$ / has *ee! fa e$. Ma!#s s%!(that %s t sa' h%s *reak%!& a a' fr m G $( %s the ra$% a) reas ! f r the tra&e$%es h% h mark the h%st r' f free$ m. I! r$er tu!$ersta!$ th%s( ma!' f ur !tem, rar%es must f%rst re$%s +er a se!se f s%!. I! ma!#s $es%re f r free$ m there %s h%$$e! thetem,tat% ! t $e!' h%s ! !ature. I!s far as he %shes t $es%re e+er'th%!& a!$ t *e a*)e t $ e+er'th%!& a!$ thus f r&et that he %sf%!%te a!$ a reate$ *e%!&( he )a%ms t *e a & $. "@ u %)) *e )%ke G $" 0Ge! 57 = . These r$s f the ser,e!t re+ea) the esse! e fma!#s tem,tat% !< the' %m,)' the ,er+ers% ! f the mea!%!& f h%s ! free$ m. Su h %s the ,r f u!$ !ature f s%!7 ma! re-e ts thetruth a!$ ,)a es h%s ! %)) a* +e %t. B' %sh%!& t free h%mse)f fr m G $ a!$ *e a & $ h%mse)f( he $e e%+es h%mse)f a!$ $estr 'sh%mse)f. He *e mes a)%e!ate$ fr m h%mse)f. I! th%s $es%re t *e a & $ a!$ t su*-e t e+er'th%!& t h%s ! & $ ,)easure( there %sh%$$e! a ,er+ers% ! f the +er' %$ea f G $. G $ %s ) +e a!$ truth %! the fu))!ess f the mutua) &%ft f the D%+%!e 4ers !s. It %s true thatma! %s a))e$ t *e )%ke G $. But he *e mes )%ke G $ ! t %! the ar*%trar%!ess f h%s ! & $ ,)easure *ut t the e/te!t that here &!% es that truth a!$ ) +e are at the same t%me the ,r%! %,)e a!$ the ,ur, se f h%s free$ m.

Sin, the root of human alienation

58. B' s%!!%!&( ma! )%es t h%mse)f a!$ se,arates h%mse)f fr m h%s ! truth. But seek%!& t ta) aut ! m' a!$ se)f;suff% %e! '( he $e!%esG $ a!$ $e!%es h%mse)f. A)%e!at% ! fr m the truth f h%s *e%!& as a reature ) +e$ *' G $ %s the r t f a)) ther f rms f a)%e!at% !. B'$e!'%!& r tr'%!& t $e!' G $( h %s h%s Be&%!!%!& a!$ E!$( ma! ,r f u!$)' $%stur*s h%s ! r$er a!$ %!ter% r *a)a! e a!$ a)sth se f s %et' a!$ e+e! f +%s%*)e reat% !.02= It %s %! the%r re)at% !sh%, t s%! that S r%,ture re&ar$s a)) the $%f fere!t a)am%t%es h% h,,ress ma! %! h%s ,ers !a) a!$ s %a) e/%ste! e. S r%,ture sh s that the h )e urse f h%st r' has a m'ster% us )%!k %th the a t% !f ma! h ( fr m the *e&%!!%!&( has a*use$ h%s free$ m *' sett%!& h%mse)f u, a&a%!st G $ a!$ *' seek%!& t &a%! h%s e!$s %th utG $.02: Ge!es%s %!$% ates the !se ue! es f th%s r%&%!a) s%! %! the ,a%!fu) !ature f rk a!$ h%)$*%rth( %! ma!#s ,,ress% ! fma! a!$ %! $eath. Huma! *e%!&s $e,r%+e$ f $%+%!e &ra e ha+e thus %!her%te$ a mm ! m rta) !ature( %! a,a*)e f h s%!& hat

%s & $ a!$ %! )%!e$ t +et us!ess.02?


8/24

"dolatry and disorder

5 . I$ )atr' %s a! e/treme f rm f $%s r$er ,r $u e$ *' s%!. The re,)a eme!t f a$ r at% ! f the )%+%!& G $ *' rsh%, f reate$ th%!&sfa)s%f%es the re)at% !sh%,s *et ee! %!$%+%$ua)s a!$ *r%!&s %th %t +ar% us k%!$s f ,,ress% !. Cu),a*)e %&! ra! e f G $ u!)eashes the,ass% !s( h% h are auses f %m*a)a! e a!$ !f)% ts %! the huma! heart. Fr m th%s there %!e+%ta*)' me $%s r$ers h% h affe t thes,here f the fam%)' a!$ s %et'7 se/ua) )% e!se( %!-ust% e a!$ mur$er. It %s thus that Sa%!t 4au) $es r%*es the ,a&a! r)$( arr%e$ a a'*' %$ )atr' t the rst a*errat% !s h% h ru%! the %!$%+%$ua) a!$ s %et'.028 E+e! *ef re Sa%!t 4au)( the 4r ,hets a!$ %se me! f

Israe) sa %! the m%sf rtu!es f the ,e ,)e a ,u!%shme!t f r the%r s%! f %$ )atr'< a!$ %! the "heart fu)) f e+%)" 0E )es 7 5 (02 the' sathe s ur e f ma!#s ra$% a) s)a+er' a!$ f the f rms f ,,ress% ! h% h he makes h%s fe)) me! e!$ure.

Contempt for &od and a turning toward creatures

9>. The Chr%st%a! tra$%t% !( f u!$ %! the Fathers a!$ D t rs f the Chur h( has ma$e e/,)% %t th%s tea h%!& f S r%,ture a* ut s%!. Itsees s%! as !tem,t f r G $ 0 !tem,tus De% . It %s a m,a!%e$ *' a $es%re t es a,e fr m the $e,e!$e!t re)at% !sh%, f the ser+a!tt h%s L r$( r st%)) m re f the h%)$ t %ts Father. B' s%!!%!&( ma! seeks t free h%mse)f fr m G $. I! rea)%t' he makes h%mse)f a s)a+e.F r *' re-e t%!& G $ he $estr 's the m me!tum f h%s as,%rat% ! t the %!f%!%te a!$ f h%s + at% ! t share %! the $%+%!e )%fe. Th%s %s h'h%s heart %s a ,re' t $%s u%et. S%!fu) ma! h refuses t a e,t G $ %s !e essar%)' )e$ t *e me atta he$ %! a fa)se a!$ $estru t%+ea' t reatures. I! th%s tur!%!& t ar$ reatures 0 !+ers% a$ reaturam he f uses ! the )atter h%s u!sat%sf%e$ $es%re f r the %!f%!%te.But reate$ & $s are )%m%te$< a!$ s h%s heart rushes fr m !e t a! ther( a) a's sear h%!& f r a! %m, ss%*)e ,ea e. I! fa t( he!ma! attr%*utes t reatures a! %!f%!%te %m, rta! e( he ) ses the mea!%!& f h%s reate$ *e%!&. He )a%ms t f%!$ h%s e!tre a!$ h%s u!%t'%! h%mse)f. D%s r$ere$ ) +e f se)f %s the ther s%$e f !tem,t f r G $. Ma! the! tr%es t re)' ! h%mse)f a) !e< he %shes t a h%e+efu)f%)me!t *' h%mse)f a!$ t *e se)f;suff% %e!t %! h%s ! %mma!e! e.05>

Atheism, a false emancipation of freedom

91. Th%s *e mes m re ,art% u)ar)' *+% us he! the s%!!er th%!ks that he a! !)' assert h%s ! free$ m *' e/,)% %t)' $e!'%!& G $.De,e!$e! e f the reature u, ! the Creat r( a!$ the $e,e!$e! e f the m ra) !s %e! e u, ! the $%+%!e )a ( are re&ar$e$ *' h%mas a! %!t )era*)e s)a+er'. Thus he sees athe%sm as the true f am f ema! %,at% ! a!$ f ma!#s )%*erat% !( hereas re)%&% ! r e+e! there &!%t% ! f a m ra) )a !st%tute f rms f a)%e!at% !. Ma! the! %shes t make %!$e,e!$e!t $e %s% !s a* ut hat %s & $ a!$ hat%s e+%)( r $e %s% !s a* ut +a)ues< a!$ %! a s%!&)e ste, he re-e ts * th the %$ea f G $ a!$ the %$ea f s%!. It %s thr u&h the au$a %t' fs%! that he )a%ms t *e me a$u)t a!$ free( a!$ he )a%ms th%s ema! %,at% ! ! t !)' f r h%mse)f *ut f r the h )e f huma!%t'.

Sin and un-ust structures

92. Ha+%!& *e me h%s ! e!tre( s%!fu) ma! te!$s t assert h%mse)f a!$ t sat%sf' h%s $es%re f r the %!f%!%te *' the use f th%!&s7ea)th( , er a!$ ,)easure( $es,%s%!& ther ,e ,)e a!$ r **%!& them u!-ust)' a!$ treat%!& them as *-e ts r %!strume!ts. Thus hemakes h%s ! !tr%*ut% ! t the reat% ! f th se +er' stru tures f e/,) %tat% ! a!$ s)a+er' h% h he )a%ms t !$em!.

CHA4TER III

LIBERATION AND CHRISTIAN FREEDOM

&ospel, freedom and liberation

95. Huma! h%st r'( marke$ as %t %s *' the e/,er%e! e f s%!( u)$ $r%+e us t $es,a%r %f G $ ha$ a*a!$ !e$ h%s reat% ! t %tse)f. Butthe $%+%!e ,r m%ses f )%*erat% !( a!$ the%r +% t r% us fu)f%)me!t %! Chr%st#s Death a!$ Resurre t% !( are the *as%s f the "- 'fu) h ,e" fr mh% h the Chr%st%a! mmu!%t' $ra s the stre!&th t a t res )ute)' a!$ effe t%+e)' %! the ser+% e f ) +e( -ust% e a!$ ,ea e. The G s,e)%s a messa&e f free$ m a!$ a )%*erat%!& f r e 051 h% h fu)f%))s the h ,e f Israe) *ase$ u, ! the r$s f the 4r ,hets. Th%s h ,ere)%e$ u, ! the a t% ! f @ah eh( h e+e! *ef re he %!ter+e!e$ as the "& e)"(052 )%*erat r( re$eemer a!$ sa+% ur f h%s 4e ,)e ha$free)' h se! that 4e ,)e %! A*raham(055

I. L%*erat% ! %! the O)$ Testame!t

The e.odus and the liberating acts of /aweh

99. I! the O)$ Testame!t( the )%*erat%!& a t% ! f @ah eh h% h ser+es as m $e) a!$ refere! e f r a)) thers %s the E/ $us fr m E&',t("the h use f * !$a&e". 3he! G $ res ues h%s 4e ,)e fr m har$ e ! m% ( , )%t% a) a!$ u)tura) s)a+er'( he $ es s %! r$er t makethem( thr u&h the C +e!a!t ! S%!a%( "a k%!&$ m f ,r%ests a!$ a h )' !at% !" 0E/ 1 7: . G $ %shes t *e a$ re$ *' ,e ,)e h arefree. A)) the su*se ue!t )%*erat% !s f the ,e ,)e f Israe) he), t )ea$ them t th%s fu)) )%*ert' that the' a! !)' f%!$ %! mmu!% ! %ththe%r G $. The ma- r a!$ fu!$ame!ta) e+e!t f the E/ $us theref re has a mea!%!& h% h %s * th re)%&% us a!$ , )%t% a). G $ sets h%s4e ,)e free a!$ &%+es them $es e!$a!ts( a )a!$ a!$ a )a ( *ut %th%! a C +e!a!t a!$ f r a C +e!a!t. O!e a!! t theref re %s )ate the, )%t% a) as,e t f r %ts ! sake< %t has t *e !s%$ere$ %! the )%&ht f a ,)a! f a re)%&% us !ature %th%! h% h %t %s %!te&rate$.059


9/24

The law of &od

9=. I! h%s ,)a! f sa)+at% !( G $ &a+e Israe) %ts La . Th%s !ta%!e$( t &ether %th the u!%+ersa) m ra) ,re e,ts f the De a) &ue( re)%&% us a!$ %+%) ! rms h% h ere t & +er! the )%fe f the ,e ,)e h se! *' G $ t *e h%s %t!ess am !& the !at% !s.

Of th%s ))e t% ! f )a s( ) +e f G $ a* +e a)) th%!&s 05= a!$ f !e%&h* ur as !ese)f 05: a)rea$' !st%tute the e!tre. But the

-ust% e h% h must & +er! re)at% !s *et ee! ,e ,)e( a!$ the )a h%h %s %ts -ur%$%a) e/,ress% !( a)s *e) !& t the sum a!$ su*sta! ef the *%*)% a) )a . The C $es a!$ the ,rea h%!& f the 4r ,hets( as a)s the 4sa)ms( !sta!t)' refer t * th f them( +er' fte!t &ether 05? It %s %! th%s !te/t that !e sh u)$ a,,re %ate the *%*)% a) )a #s are f r the , r( the !ee$'( the %$ a!$ the r,ha!7the' ha+e a r%&ht t -ust% e a r$%!& t the -ur%$% a) r$%!a! es f the 4e ,)e f G $.058 Thus there a)rea$' e/%st the %$ea) a!$ theut)%!e f a s %et' e!tere$ u, ! rsh%, f the L r$ a!$ *ase$ u, ! -ust% e a!$ )a %!s,%re$ *' ) +e.

The teaching of the Prophets

9:. 4r ,hets !sta!t)' rem%!$ Israe) f the $ema!$s ma$e *' the La f the C +e!a!t. The' !$em! ma!#s har$e!e$ heart as thes ur e f re,eate$ tra!s&ress% !s( a!$ the' f rete)) a Ne C +e!a!t %! h% h G $ %)) ha!&e hearts *' r%t%!& ! them the La f h%sS,%r%t.05 I! ,r )a%m%!& a!$ ,re,ar%!& f r th%s !e a&e( the 4r ,hets +%& r us)' !$em! %!-ust% e $ !e t the , r7 the' makethemse)+es G $#s s, kesme! f r the , r. @ah eh %s the su,reme refu&e f the )%tt)e !es a!$ the ,,resse$( a!$ the Mess%ah %))ha+e the m%ss% ! f tak%!& u, the%r $efe! e 09> The s%tuat% ! f the , r %s a s%tuat% ! f %!-ust% e !trar' t the C +e!a!t. Th%s %s h'the La f the C +e!a!t ,r te ts them *' mea!s f ,re e,ts h% h ref)e t the att%tu$e f G $ h%mse)f he! he )%*erate$ Israe) fr m thes)a+er' f E&',t.091 I!-ust% e t the )%tt)e !es a!$ the , r %s a &ra+e s%! a!$ !e h% h $estr 's mmu!% ! %th G $.

The Poor of /ahweh

9?. 3hate+er the f rms f , +ert'( %!-ust% e a!$ aff)% t% ! the' e!$ure( the "-ust" a!$ the ", r f @ah eh" ffer u, the%r su,,)% at% !s th%m %! the 4sa)ms.092 I! the%r hearts the' suffer the ser+%tu$e t h% h the "st%ff;!e ke$" ,e ,)e are re$u e$ *e ause f the%r s%!s.The' e!$ure ,erse ut% !( mart'r$ m a!$ $eath< *ut the' )%+e %! h ,e f $e)%+era! e. A* +e a))( the' ,)a e the%r trust %! @ah eh( th m the' mme!$ the%r ause 095 The ", r f @ah eh" k! that mmu!% ! %th h%m 099 %s the m st ,re % us treasure a!$ the!e %! h% h ma! f%!$s h%s true free$ m 09= F r them( the m st tra&% m%sf rtu!e %s the ) ss f th%s mmu!% !. He! e the%r f%&hta&a%!st %!-ust% e f%!$s %ts $ee,est mea!%!& a!$ %ts effe t%+e!ess %! the%r $es%re t *e free$ fr m the s)a+er' f s%!.

0n the threshold of the #ew Testament

98. O! the thresh )$ f the Ne Testame!t( the ", r f @ah eh" make u, the f%rst;fru%ts f a ",e ,)e hum*)e a!$ ) )'" h )%+e %!h ,e f the )%*erat% ! f Israe).09: Mar'( ,ers !%f'%!& th%s h ,e( r sses the thresh )$ fr m the O)$ Testame!t. She ,r )a%ms %th - 'the m%!& f the Mess%ah a!$ ,ra%ses the L r$ h %s ,re,ar%!& t set h%s 4e ,)e free 09? I! her h'm! f ,ra%se t the $%+%!e mer '(the hum*)e %r&%!( t h m the ,e ,)e f the , r tur! s, !ta!e us)' a!$ s !f%$e!t)'( s%!&s f the m'ster' f sa)+at% ! a!$ %ts, er t tra!sf rm. The se!sus f%$e%( h% h %s s +%+%$ am !& the )%tt)e !es( %s a*)e t &ras, at ! e a)) the sa)+%f% a!$ eth% a)treasures f the Ma&!%f% at.098

II . Chr%st ) &% a) s%&!%f% a! e f the O)$ Testame!t

"n the light of Christ

9 . The E/ $us( the C +e!a!t( the La ( the + % es f the 4r ,hets a!$ the s,%r%tua)%t' f the ", r f @ah eh" !)' a h%e+e the%r fu))s%&!%f% a! e %! Chr%st. The Chur h rea$s the O)$ Testame!t %! the )%&ht f Chr%st h $%e$ a!$ r se f r us. She sees a ,ref%&ur%!& fherse)f %! the 4e ,)e f G $ f the O)$ C +e!a!t( ma$e %! ar!ate %! the ! rete * $' f a ,art% u)ar !at% !( , )%t% a))' a!$ u)tura))'!st%tute$ as su h. Th%s ,e ,)e as ,art f the fa*r% f h%st r' as @ah eh#s %t!ess *ef re the !at% !s u!t%) the fu)f%)me!t f the t%mef ,re,arat% ! a!$ ,ref%&ureme!t. I! the fu))!ess f t%me h% h ame %th Chr%st( the h%)$re! f A*raham ere %!+%te$ t e!ter( t &ether%th a)) the !at% !s( %!t the Chur h f Chr%st %! r$er t f rm %th them !e 4e ,)e f G $( s,%r%tua) a!$ u!%+ersa). 09

III. Chr%st%a! )%*erat% !

The &ood #ews proclaimed to the poor

=>. 6esus ,r )a%ms the G $ Ne s f the %!&$ m f G $ a!$ a))s ,e ,)e t !+ers% !.0=> "The , r ha+e the & $ !e s,rea he$ t them" 0Mt 117= . B' u t%!& the e/,ress% ! f the 4r ,het(0=1 6esus ma!%fests h%s mess%a!% a t% ! %! fa+ ur f th se ha a%t G $#s sa)+at% !. E+e! m re tha! th%s( the S ! f G $ h has ma$e h%mse)f , r f r ) +e f us 0=2 %shes t *e re &!% e$ %!the , r( %! th se h suffer r are ,erse ute$70=5 "As ' u $%$ %t t !e f the )east f these m' *rethre!( ' u $%$ %t t me".0=9

The Paschal mystery


10/24

=1. But %s %t a* +e a)) *' the , er f h%s 4as ha) M'ster' that Chr%st has set us free.0== Thr u&h h%s ,erfe t *e$%e! e ! the Cr ssa!$ thr u&h the &) r' f h%s Resurre t% !( the Lam* f G $ has take! a a' the s%! f the r)$ a!$ ,e!e$ f r us the a' t $ef%!%t%+e)%*erat% !. B' mea!s f ur ser+% e a!$ ) +e( *ut a)s *' the ffer%!& u, f ur tr%a)s a!$ suffer%!&s( e share %! the !e re$eem%!&sa r%f% e f Chr%st( m,)et%!& %! urse)+es " hat %s )a k%!& %! Chr%st#s aff)% t% !s f r the sake f h%s * $'( that %s( the hur h" 0C ) 1729 (as e ) k f r ar$ t the resurre t% ! f the $ea$.

&race, reconciliation and freedom

=2. The heart f the Chr%st%a! e/,er%e! e f free$ m %s %! -ust%f% at% ! *' the &ra e re e%+e$ thr u&h fa%th a!$ the Chur h#s sa rame!ts.Th%s &ra e frees us fr m s%! a!$ ,)a es us %! mmu!% ! %th G $. Thr u&h Chr%st#s Death a!$ Resurre t% ! e are ffere$f r&%+e!ess. The e/,er%e! e f ur re ! %)%at% ! %th the Father %s the fru%t f the H )' S,%r%t. G $ re+ea)s h%mse)f t us as the Father fmer '( *ef re h m e a! me %th t ta) !f%$e! e. Ha+%!& *ee! re ! %)e$ %th h%m(0=: a!$ re e%+%!& th%s ,ea e f Chr%st h% hthe r)$ a!! t &%+e(0=? e are a))e$ t *e ,ea emakers am !& a)) me!.0=8 I! Chr%st( e a! ! uer s%!( a!$ $eath ! ) !&erse,arates us fr m G $< $eath %)) f%!a))' *e $estr 'e$ at ur resurre t% !( h% h %)) *e )%ke that f 6esus.0= The " sm s" %tse)f( fh% h ma! %s the e!tre a!$ summ%t( a%ts t *e " set free fr m %ts * !$a&e t $e a' a!$ t share %! the &) r% us free$ m f theh%)$re! f G $" 0R m 87 21 . E+e! ! Sata! has *ee! he ke$< he h has the , er f $eath has *ee! re$u e$ t %m, te! e *'the $eath f Chr%st.0:> S%&!s are &%+e! h% h are a f retaste f the &) r' t me.

Struggle against the slavery of sin

=5. The free$ m *r u&ht *' Chr%st %! the H )' S,%r%t has rest re$ t us the a,a %t'( h% h s%! ha$ take! a a' fr m us( t ) +e G $

a* +e a)) th%!&s a!$ rema%! %! mmu!% ! %th h%m. 3e are set free fr m $%s r$ere$ se)f;) +e( h% h %s the s ur e f !tem,t f!e%&h* ur a!$ f huma! re)at% !sh%,s *ase$ ! $ m%!at% !. Ne+erthe)ess( u!t%) the R%se! O!e retur!s %! &) r'( the m'ster' f %!% u%t' %sst%)) at rk %! the r)$. Sa%!t 4au) ar!s us f th%s7 "F r free$ m Chr%st has set us free" 0Ga) =71 . 3e must theref re ,erse+ere a!$f%&ht %! r$er ! t t fa)) ! e m re u!$er the ' ke f s)a+er'. Our e/%ste! e %s a s,%r%tua) stru&&)e t )%+e a r$%!& t the G s,e) a!$ %t %sa&e$ %th the ea, !s f G $.0:1 But e ha+e re e%+e$ the , er a!$ the erta%!t' f ur +% t r' +er e+%)( the +% t r' f the ) +e fChr%st h m ! th%!& a! res%st.0:2

The spirit and the Law

=9. Sa%!t 4au) ,r )a%ms the &%ft f the Ne La f the S,%r%t %! ,, s%t%! t the )a f the f)esh r f +et us!ess h% h $ra s ma!t ar$ e+%) a!$ makes h%m , er)ess t h se hat %s & $.0:5 Th%s )a k f harm !' a!$ th%s %!!er eak!ess $ ! t a* )%sh ma!#sfree$ m a!$ res, !s%*%)%t'( *ut the' $ ha+e a !e&at%+e effe t ! the%r e/er %se f r the sake f hat %s & $. Th%s %s hat auses the

A, st)e t sa'7 "I $ ! t $ the & $ I a!t( *ut the e+%) I $ ! t a!t %s hat I $ " 0R m ?71 . Thus he r%&ht)' s,eaks f the "* !$a&ef s%!" a!$ the "s)a+er' f the )a "( f r t s%!fu) ma! the )a ( h% h he a!! t make ,art f h%mse)f( seems ,,ress%+e. H e+er( Sa%!t4au) re &!% es that the La st%)) has +a)ue f r ma! a!$ f r the Chr%st%a!( *e ause %t "%s h )' a!$ hat %t mma!$s a %s sa re$( -usta!$ & $" 0R m ?7 12 .0:9 He reaff%rms the De a) &ue( h%)e ,utt%!& %t %!t re)at% !sh%, %th that har%t' h% h %s %ts true fu))!ess.0:=Furtherm re( he k! s e)) that a -ur%$% a) r$er %s !e essar' f r the $e+e) ,me!t f )%fe %! s %et'.0:: But the !e th%!& he ,r )a%ms%s G $#s &%+%!& us H%s S ! "s that the La #s -ust $ema!$s m%&ht *e sat%sf%e$ %! us" 0Rm 871 .

The L r$ 6esus h%mse)f s,e))e$ ut the ,re e,ts f the Ne La %! the Serm ! ! the M u!t7 *' the sa r%f% e he ffere$ ! the Cr ssa!$ *' h%s &) r% us Resurre t% ! he ! uere$ the , er f s%! a!$ &a%!e$ f r us the &ra e f the H )' S,%r%t h% h makes , ss%*)e the,erfe t *ser+a! e f G $#s )a 0:? a!$ a ess t f r&%+e!ess %f e fa)) a&a%! %!t s%!. The S,%r%t h $ e))s %! ur hearts %s thes ur e f true free$ m. Thr u&h Chr%st#s sa r%f% e( the u)t% re&u)at% !s f the O)$ Testame!t ha+e *ee! re!$ere$ *s )ete. As f r the

-ur%$% a) ! rms & +er!%!& the s %a) a!$ , )%t% a) )%fe f Israe)( the A, st )% Chur h( %!asmu h as %t marke$ the *e&%!!%!& f the re%&! fG $ ! earth( as a are that %t as ! ) !&er he)$ t the%r *ser+a! e. Th%s e!a*)e$ the Chr%st%a! mmu!%t' t u!$ersta!$ the )a sa!$ auth r%tat%+e a ts f +ar% us ,e ,)es. A)th u&h )a fu) a!$ rth' f *e%!& *e'e$(0:8 the' u)$ !e+er( %!asmu h as the' ha+ethe%r r%&%! %! su h auth r%t%es( )a%m t ha+e a sa re$ hara ter. I! the )%&ht f the G s,e)( ma!' )a s a!$ stru tures seem t *ear themark f s%! a!$ ,r ) !& %ts ,,ress%+e %!f)ue! e %! s %et'.

I . The Ne C mma!$me!t

Love, the gift of the Spirit

==. G $#s ) +e( , ure$ ut %!t ur hearts *' the H )' S,%r%t( %!+ )+es ) +e f !e%&h* ur. Re a))%!& the f%rst mma!$me!t( 6esus%mme$%ate)' a$$s7 "A!$ the se !$ %s )%ke %t( @ u sha)) ) +e ' ur !e%&h* ur as ' urse)f. O! these t mma!$me!ts $e,e!$ a)) the)a a!$ the ,r ,hets" 0Mt 227 5 ;9> . A!$ Sa%!t 4au) sa's that ) +e %s the fu)f%)me!t f the La .0: L +e f !e%&h* ur k! s ! )%m%tsa!$ %! )u$es e!em%es a!$ ,erse ut rs . The ,erfe t% ! h% h %s the %ma&e f the Father#s ,erfe t% ! a!$ f r h% h the $%s %,)e muststr%+e %s f u!$ %! mer '.0?> The ,ara*)e f the G $ Samar%ta! sh s that m,ass% !ate ) +e( h% h ,uts %tse)f at the ser+% e f!e%&h* ur( $estr 's the ,re-u$% es h% h set eth!% r s %a) &r u,s a&a%!st !e a! ther.0?1 A)) the Ne Testame!t %t!esses t the%!e/haust%*)e r% h!ess f the se!t%me!ts h% h are %! )u$e$ %! Chr%st%a! ) +e f !e%&h* ur.0?2


11/24

Love of neighbour

=:. Chr%st%a! ) +e( h% h seeks ! re ar$ a!$ %! )u$es e+er' !e( re e%+es %ts !ature fr m the ) +e f Chr%st h &a+e h%s )%fe f / us7"E+e! as I ha+e ) +e$ ' u ...( ' u a)s ) +e !e a! ther" 06! 15759;5= .0?5 Th%s %s the " !e mma!$me!t" f r the $%s %,)es. I! the)%&ht f th%s mma!$me!t( Sa%!t 6ames se+ere)' rem%!$s the r% h f the%r $ut'(0?9 a!$ Sa%!t 6 h! sa's that a ,ers ! h , ssessesthe r% hes f th%s r)$ *ut h shuts h%s heart t h%s *r ther %! !ee$ a!! t ha+e the ) +e f G $ $ e))%!& %! h%m.0?= Frater!a) ) +e %s

the t u hst !e f ) +e f G $7 "He h $ es ! t ) +e h%s *r ther h m he has see! a!! t ) +e G $ h m he has ! t see!" 01 6!972> . Sa%!t 4au) str !&)' em,has% es the )%!k *et ee! shar%!& %! the Sa rame!t f the B $' a!$ B) $ f Chr%st a!$ shar%!& %th!e#s !e%&h* ur h %s %! !ee$.0?:

1ustice and charity

=?. E+a!&e)% a) ) +e( a!$ the + at% ! t *e h%)$re! f G $ t h% h a)) are a))e$( ha+e as a !se ue! e the $%re t a!$ %m,erat%+ere u%reme!t f res,e t f r a)) huma! *e%!&s %! the%r r%&hts t )%f a a!$ t $%&!%t'. There %s ! &a, *et ee! ) +e f !e%&h* ur a!$ $es%ref r -ust% e. T !trast the t %s t $%st rt * th ) +e a!$ -ust% e. I!$ee$( the mea!%!& f mer ' m,)etes the mea!%!& f -ust% e *',re+e!t%!& -ust% e fr m shutt%!& %tse)f u, %th%! the %r )e f re+e!&e. The e+%) %!e u%t%es a!$ ,,ress% ! f e+er' k%!$ h% h aff)% tm%))% !s f me! a!$ me! t $a' ,e!)' !tra$% t Chr%st#s G s,e) a!$ a!! t )ea+e the !s %e! e f a!' Chr%st%a! %!$%ffere!t. TheChur h( %! her $ %)%t' t the S,%r%t( & es f r ar$ fa%thfu))' a) !& the ,aths t authe!t% )%*erat% !. Her mem*ers are a are f the%rfa%)%!&s a!$ the%r $e)a's %! th%s uest. But a +ast !um*er f Chr%st%a!s( fr m the t%me f the A, st)es ! ar$s( ha+e mm%tte$ the%r, ers a!$ the%r )%+es t )%*erat% ! fr m e+er' f rm f ,,ress% ! a!$ t the ,r m t% ! f huma! $%&!%t'. The e/,er%e! e f the sa%!tsa!$ the e/am,)e f s ma!' rks f ser+% e t !e#s !e%&h* ur are a! %! e!t%+e a!$ a *ea ! f r the )%*erat%!& u!$ertak%!&s tha/ are

!ee$e$ t $a'.

. The Chur h( 4e ,)e f G $ f the Ne C +e!a!t

Toward the fullness of freedom

=8. The 4e ,)e f G $ f the Ne C +e!a!t %s the Chur h f Chr%st. Her )a %s the mma!$me!t f ) +e. I! the hearts f her mem*ersthe S,%r%t $ e))s as %! a tem,)e. She %s the see$ a!$ the *e&%!!%!& f the %!&$ m f G $ here *e) ( h% h %)) re e%+e %ts m,)et% !at the e!$ f t%me %th the resurre t% ! f the $ea$ a!$ the re!e a) f the h )e f reat% !.0?? Thus , ssess%!& the ,)e$&e f theS,%r%t(0?8 the 4e ,)e f G $ %s )e$ t ar$s the fu))!ess f free$ m. The !e 6erusa)em h% h e fer+e!t)' a a%t %s r%&ht)' a))e$ the%t' f free$ m %! the h%&hest se!se.0? The!( "G $ %)) %,e a a' e+er' tear fr m the%r e'es a!$ $eath sha)) *e ! m re( !e%ther sha))there *e m ur!%!& ! r r'%!& ! r ,a%! a!' m re( f r the f rmer th%!&s ha+e ,asse$ a a'" 0Re+ 2179 . H ,e %s the erta%! e/,e tat% ! "f !e hea+e!s a!$ f a !e earth here -ust% e %)) $ e))" 02 4et 5715 .

The final meeting with Christ

= . The tra!sf%&urat% ! *' the R%se! Chr%st f the Chur h at the e!$ f her ,%)&r%ma&e %! ! a' a! e)s ut the ,ers !a) $est%!' fea h %!$%+%$ua) at the e!$ f h%s r her )%fe. A)) th se f u!$ rth' *ef re Chr%st#s tr%*u!a) f r ha+%!&( *' the &ra e f G $( ma$e & $use f the%r free %)) are t re e%+e the re ar$ f ha,,%!ess.08> The' %)) *e ma$e )%ke t G $( f r the' %)) see h%m as he %s.081 The$%+%!e &%ft f eter!a) ha,,%!ess %s the e/a)tat% ! f the &reatest free$ m h% h a! *e %ma&%!e$.

%schatological hope and the commitment for temporal liberation

:>. Th%s h ,e $ es ! t eake! mm%tme!t t the ,r &ress f the earth)' %t'( *ut rather &%+es %t mea!%!& a!$ stre!&th. It %s f urse%m, rta!t t make a arefu) $%st%! t% ! *et ee! earth)' ,r &ress a!$ the &r th f the %!&$ m( h% h $ ! t *e) !& t the samer$er. N !ethe)ess( th%s $%st%! t% ! %s ! t a se,arat% !< f r ma!#s + at% ! t eter!a) )%fe $ es ! t su,,ress *ut !f%rms h%s task fus%!& the e!er&%es a!$ mea!s h% h he has re e%+e$ fr m the Creat r f r $e+e) ,%!& h%s tem, ra) )%fe.082 E!)%&hte!e$ *' the L r$#sS,%r%t( Chr%st#s Chur h a! $%s er! %! the s%&!s f the t%mes the !es h% h a$+a! e )%*erat% ! a!$ th se that are $e e,t%+e a!$ %))us r'.She a))s ma! a!$ s %et%es t +er me s%tuat% !s f s%! a!$ %!-ust% e a!$ t esta*)%sh the !$%t% !s f r true free$ m. She k! s thate sha)) re$%s +er a)) these & $ th%!&s ; huma! $%&!%t'( frater!a) u!% ! a!$ free$ m ; h% h are the resu)t f eff rts %! harm !' %thG $#s %))( " ashe$ )ea! f a)) sta%!( %))um%!e$ a!$ tra!sf%&ure$ he! Chr%st %)) ha!$ +er t the Father the eter!a) a!$ u!%+ersa)k%!&$ m"(085 h% h %s a %!&$ m f free$ m. The +%&%)a!t a!$ a t%+e e/,e tat% ! f the m%!& f the %!&$ m %s a)s the e/,e tat% !f a f%!a))' ,erfe t -ust% e f r the )%+%!& a!$ the $ea$( f r ,e ,)e f a)) t%mes a!$ ,)a es( a -ust% e h% h 6esus Chr%st( %!sta))e$ assu,reme 6u$&e( %)) esta*)%sh.089 Th%s ,r m%se( h% h sur,asses a)) huma! , ss%*%)%t%es( $%re t)' ! er!s ur )%fe %! th%s r)$. F rtrue -ust% e must %! )u$e e+er' !e< %t must *r%!& the a!s er t the %mme!se ) a$ f suffer%!& * r!e *' a)) the &e!erat% !s. I! fa t(%th ut the resurre t% ! f the $ea$ a!$ the L r$#s -u$&me!t( there %s ! -ust% e %! the fu)) se!se f the term. The ,r m%se f theresurre t% ! %s free)' ma$e t meet the $es%re f r true -ust% e $ e))%!& %! the huma! heart.

CHA4TER I


12/24

THE LIBERATING MISSION OF THE CHURCH

The Church and the an.ieties of mankind

:1. The Chur h %s f%rm)' $eterm%!e$ t res, !$ t the a!/%et' f !tem, rar' ma! as he e!$ures ,,ress% ! a!$ 'ear!s f r free$ m.The , )%t% a) a!$ e ! m% ru!!%!& f s %et' %s ! t a $%re t ,art f her m%ss% !.08= But the L r$ 6esus has e!truste$ t her the r$ ftruth h% h %s a,a*)e f e!)%&hte!%!& !s %e! es. D%+%!e ) +e( h% h %s her )%fe( %m,e)s her t a true s )%$ar%t' %th e+er' !e h

suffers. If her mem*ers rema%! fa%thfu) t th%s m%ss%!( the H )' S,%r%t( the # s ur e f free$ m( %)) $ e)) %! them( a!$ the' %)) *r%!& f rthfru%ts f -ust% e a!$ ,ea e %! the%r fam%)%es a!$ %! the ,)a es here the' rk a!$ )%+e.

I. F r the %!te&ra) sa)+at% ! f the r)$

The 2eatitudes and the power of the gospel

:2. The G s,e) %s the , er f eter!a) )%fe( &%+e! e+e! ! t th se h re e%+e %t.08: But *' *e&ett%!& ,e ,)e h are re!e e$(08?th%s , er ,e!etrates the huma! mmu!%t' a!$ %ts h%st r'( thus ,ur%f'%!& a!$ &%+%!& )%fe t %ts a t%+%t%es. I! th%s a' %t %s a "r t fu)ture".088 The Beat%tu$es ,r )a%me$ *' 6esus e/,ress the ,erfe t% ! f e+a!&e)% a) ) +e( a!$ the' ha+e !e+er ease$ t *e )%+e$thr u&h ut the h%st r' f the Chur h *' u!t)ess *a,t% e$ %!$%+%$ua)s( a!$ %! a! em%!e!t ma!!er *' the sa%!ts. The Beat%tu$es(*e&%!!%!& %th the f%rst( the !e ! er!%!& the , r( f rm a h )e h% h %tse)f must ! t *e se,arate$ fr m the e!t%ret' f the Serm !! the M u!t.08 I! th%s Serm !( 6esus( h %s the !e M ses( &%+es a mme!tar' ! the De a) &ue( the La f the C +e!a!t( thus&%+%!& %t %ts $ef%!%t%+e a!$ fu))est mea!%!&. Rea$ a!$ %!ter,rete$ %! the%r fu)) !te/t( the Beat%tu$es e/,ress the s,%r%t f the %!&$ m fG $ h% h %s t me. But( %! the )%&ht f the $ef%!%t%+e $est%!' f huma! h%st r' thus ma!%feste$( there s%mu)ta!e us)' a,,ear %th a

m re +%+%$ )ar%t' the f u!$at% !s f -ust% e %! the tem, ra) r$er. F r the Beat%tu$es( *' tea h%!& trust h% h re)%es ! G $( h ,e feter!a) )%fe( ) +e f -ust% e( a!$ mer ' h% h & es as far as ,ar$ ! a!$ re ! %)%at% !( e!a*)e us t s%tuate the tem, ra) r$er %! re)at% !t a tra!s e!$e!t r$er h% h &%+es the tem, ra) r$er %ts true measure *ut %th ut tak%!& a a' %ts ! !ature. I! the )%&ht f theseth%!&s( the mm%tme!t !e essar' %! tem, ra) tasks f ser+% e t !e%&h* ur a!$ the huma! mmu!%t' %s * th ur&e!t)' $ema!$e$ a!$ke,t %! %ts r%&ht ,ers,e t%+e. The Beat%tu$es ,re+e!t us fr m rsh%,,%!& earth)' & $s a!$ fr m mm%tt%!& the %!-ust% es h% h the%ru!*r%$)e$ ,ursu%t %!+ )+es.0 > The' a)s $%+ert us fr m a! u!rea)%st% a!$ ru%! us sear h f r a ,erfe t r)$( "f r the f rm f th%s r)$%s ,ass%!& a a' " 01 C r ?751 .

The proclamation of salvation

:5. The Chur h#s esse!t%a) m%ss% !( f )) %!& that f Chr%st( %s a m%ss% ! f e+a!&e)% at% ! a!$ sa)+at% !.0 1 She $ra s her ea) fr mthe $%+%!e ) +e. E+a!&e)% at% ! %s the ,r )amat% ! f sa)+at% !( h% h %s a &%f t f G $. Thr u&h the r$ f G $ a!$ the Sa rame!ts(ma! %s free$ %! the f%rst ,)a e fr m the , er f s%! a!$ the , er f the E+%) O!e h% h ,,ress h%m< a!$ he %s *r u&ht %!t ammu!% ! f ) +e %th G $. F )) %!& her L r$ h " ame %!t the r)$ t sa+e s%!!ers" 01 T%m 171= ( the Chur h $es%res the

sa)+at% ! f a)) ,e ,)e. I! th%s m%ss% !( the Chur h tea hes the a' h% h ma! must f )) %! th%s r)$ %! r$er t e!ter the %!&$ m fG $. Her tea h%!& theref re e/te!$s t the h )e m ra) r$er( a!$ ! ta*)' t the -ust% e h% h must re&u)ate huma! re)at% !s. Th%s %s,art f the ,rea h%!& f the G s,e). But the ) +e h% h %m,e)s the Chur h t mmu!% ate t a)) ,e ,)e a shar%!& %! the &ra e f $%+%!e)%fe a)s auses her( thr u&h the effe t%+e a t% ! f her mem*ers( t ,ursue ,e ,)e#s true tem, ra) & $( he), them %! the%r !ee$s(,r +%$e f r the%r e$u at% ! a!$ ,r m te a! %!te&ra) )%*erat% ! fr m e+er'th%!& that h%!$ers the $e+e) ,me!t f %!$%+%$ua)s. The Chur h$es%res the & $ f ma! %! a)) h%s $%me!s% !s( f%rst f a)) as a mem*er f the %t' f G $( a!$ the! as a mem*er f the earth)' %t'.

%vangeli)ation and the promotion of -ustice

:9. Theref re( he! the Chur h s,eaks a* ut the ,r m t% ! f -ust% e %! huma! s %et%es( r he! she ur&es the fa%thfu) )a%t' t rk %!th%s s,here a r$%!& t the%r ! + at% !( she %s ! t & %!& *e' !$ her m%ss% !. She %s h e+er ! er!e$ that th%s m%ss% ! sh u)$! t *e a*s r*e$ *' ,re u,at% !s ! er!%!& the tem, ra) r$er r re$u e$ t su h ,re u,at% !s. He! e she takes &reat are tma%!ta%! )ear)' a!$ f%rm)' * th the u!%t' a!$ the $%st%! t% ! *et ee! e+a!&e)% at% ! a!$ huma! ,r m t% !7 u!%t'( *e ause she seeksthe & $ f the h )e ,ers !< $%st%! t% !( *e ause these t tasks e!ter( %! $%ffere!t a's( %!t her m%ss% !.

The &ospel and earthly realities

:=. It %s thus *' ,ursu%!& her ! f%!a)%t' that the Chur h she$s the )%&ht f the G s,e) ! earth)' rea)%t%es %! r$er that huma! *e%!&sma' *e hea)e$ f the%r m%ser%es a!$ ra%se$ %! $%&!%t'. The hes% ! f s %et' %! a r$a! e %th -ust% e a!$ ,ea e %s there*' ,r m te$a!$ stre!&the!e$.0 2 Thus the Chur h %s *e%!& fa%thfu) t her m%ss% ! he! she !$em!s the f rms f $e+%at% !( s)a+er' a!$,,ress% ! f h% h ,e ,)e are +% t%ms. She %s *e%!& fa%thfu) t her m%ss% ! he! she ,, ses attem,ts t set u, a f rm f s %a) )%fefr m h% h G $ %s a*se!t( hether *' $e)%*erate ,, s%t% ! r *' u),a*)e !e&)%&e! e(0 5 She %s )%ke %se *e%!& fa%thfu) t her m%ss% !he! she e/er %ses her -u$&me!t re&ar$%!& , )%t% a) m +eme!ts h% h seek t f%&ht , +ert' a!$ ,,ress% ! a r$%!& t the r%es rmeth $s f a t% ! h% h are !trar' t the G s,e) a!$ ,, se$ t ma! h%mse)f.0 9 It %s f urse true that( %th the e!er&' f &ra e(e+a!&e)% a) m ra)%t' *r%!&s ma! !e ,ers,e t%+es a!$ !e $ut%es. But %ts ,ur, se %s t ,erfe t a!$ e)e+ate a m ra) $%me!s% ! h% h


13/24

a)rea$' *e) !&s t huma! !ature a!$ %th h% h the Chur h ! er!s herse)f %! the k! )e$&e that th%s %s a her%ta&e *e) !&%!& t a)),e ,)e *' the%r +er' !ature.

II. A ) +e f ,referere! e f r the , r

1esus and poverty

::. Chr%st 6esus( a)th u&h he as r% h( *e ame , r %! r$er t make us r% h *' mea!s f h%s , +ert'.0 = Sa%!t 4au) %s s,eak%!& heref the m'ster' f the I! ar!at% ! f the eter!a) S !( h ame t take ! m rta) huma! !ature %! r$er t sa+e ma! fr m the m%ser'%!t h% h s%! ha$ ,)u!&e$ h%m. Furtherm re( %! the huma! !$%t% ! Chr%st h se a state f , +ert' a!$ $e,r%+at% ! 0 : %! r$er tsh %! hat !s%sts the true ea)th h% h u&ht t *e s u&ht( that f mmu!% ! f )%fe %th G $. He tau&ht $eta hme!t fr m earth)'r% hes s that e m%&ht $es%re the r% hes f hea+e!.0 ? The A, st)es h m he h se a)s ha$ t )ea+e a)) th%!&s a!$ share h%s$e,r%+at% !.0 8 Chr%st as f ret )$ *' the 4r ,hets as the Mess%ah f the , r< 0 a!$ %t as am !& the )atter( the hum*)e( the ", rf @ah eh"( h ere th%rst%!& f r the -ust% e f the %!&$ m( that he f u!$ hearts rea$' t re e%+e h%m. But he a)s %she$ t *e !eart th se h ( th u&h r% h %! the & $s f th%s r)$( ere e/ )u$e$ fr m the mmu!%t' as ",u*)% a!s a!$ s%!!ers"( f r he ha$ me ta)) them t !+ers% !.01>> It %s th%s s rt f , +ert'( ma$e u, f $eta hme!t( trust %! G $( s *r%et' a!$ a rea$%!ess t share( that6esus $e )are$ *)esse$.

1esus and the poor

:?. But 6esus ! t !)' *r u&ht the &ra e a!$ ,ea e f G $< he a)s hea)e$ %!!umera*)e s% k ,e ,)e< he ha$ m,ass% ! ! the r $h ha$ ! th%!& t eat a!$ he fe$ them< %th the $%s %,)es h f )) e$ h%m he ,ra t%se$ a)ms&%+%!&.01>1 Theref re the Beat%tu$e f

, +ert' h% h he ,r )a%me$ a! !e+er s%&!%f' that Chr%st%a!s are ,erm%tte$ t %&! re the , r h )a k hat %s !e essar' f r huma!)%fe %! th%s r)$. Th%s , +ert' %s the resu)t a!$ !se ue! e f ,e ,)e#s s%! a!$ !atura) fra%)t'( a!$ %t %s a! e+%) fr m h% h huma! *e%!&smust *e free$ as m,)ete)' as , ss%*)e.

Love of preference for the poor

:8. I! %ts +ar% us f rms ; mater%a) $e,r%+at% !( u!-ust ,,ress% !( ,h's% a) a!$ ,s' h ) &% a) %))!esses( a!$ f%!a))' $eath ; huma! m%ser'%s the *+% us s%&! f the !atura) !$%t% ! f eak!ess %! h% h ma! f%!$s h%mse)f s%! e r%&%!a) s%! a!$ the s%&! f h%s !ee$ f rsa)+at% !. He! e %t $re the m,ass% ! f Chr%st the Sa+% ur t take %t u, ! h%mse)f 01>2 a!$ t *e %$e!t%f%e$ %th the )east f h%s*rethre! 0 f. Mt 2=79>( 9= . He! e a)s th se h are ,,resse$ *' , +ert' are the *-e t f a ) +e f ,refere! e ! the ,art ef theChur h( h% h s%! e her r%&%! a!$ %! s,%te f the fa%)%!&s f ma!' f her mem*ers has ! t ease$ t rk f r the%r re)%ef( $efe! e a!$)%*erat% !. She has $ !e th%s thr u&h !um*er)ess rks f har%t' h% h rema%! a) a's a!$ e+er' here %!$%s,e!sa*)e.01>5 I!a$$%t% !( thr u&h her s %a) $ tr%!e h% h she str%+es t a,,)'( she has s u&ht t ,r m te stru tura) ha!&es %! s %et' s as t se ure!$%t% !s f )%fe rth' f the huma! ,ers !. B' $eta hme!t fr m r% hes( h% h makes , ss%*)e shar%!& a!$ ,e!s the &ate f the%!&$ m(01>9 the $%s %,)es f 6esus *ear %t!ess thr u&h ) +e f r the , r a!$ u!f rtu!ate t the ) +e f the Father h%mse)fma!%feste$ %! the Sa+% ur. Th%s ) +e mes fr m G $ a!$ & es t G $. The $%s %,)es f Chr%st ha+e a) a's re &!% e$ %! the &%fts,)a e$ ! the a)tar a &%ft ffere$ t G $ h%mse)f.

I! ) +%!& the , r( the Chur h a)s %t!esses t ma!#s $%&!%t'. She )ear)' aff%rms that ma! %s rth m re f r hat he %s tha! f r hathe has. She *ears %t!ess t the fa t that th%s $%&!%t' a!! t *e $estr 'e$( hate+er the s%tuat% ! f , +ert'( s r!( re-e t% ! r, er)ess!ess t h% h a huma! *e%!& has *ee! re$u e$. She sh s her s )%$ar%t' %th th se h $ ! t u!t %! a s %et' *' h% hthe' are re-e te$ s,%r%tua))' a!$ s met%mes e+e! ,h's% a))'. She %s ,art% u)ar)' $ra ! %th mater!a) affe t% ! t ar$ th se h%)$re! h (thr u&h huma! % ke$!ess( %)) !e+er *e *r u&ht f rth fr m the m* t the )%&ht f $a'( as a)s f r the e)$er)'( a) !e a!$ a*a!$ !e$.The s,e %a) ,t% ! f r the , r( far fr m *e%!& a s%&! f ,art% u)ar%sm r se tar%a!%sm( ma!%fests the u!%+ersa)%t' f the Chur h#s *e%!&a!$ m%ss% !. Th%s ,t% ! e/ )u$es ! !e. Th%s %s the reas ! h' the Chur h a!! t e/,ress th%s ,t% ! *' mea!s f re$u t%+es % ) &% a) a!$ %$e ) &% a) ate& r%es h% h u)$ make th%s ,refere! e a ,art%sa! h % e a!$ a s ur e f !f)% t.

2asic communities and other Christian groups

: . The !e *as% mmu!%t%es r ther &r u,s f Chr%st%a!s h% h ha+e ar%se! t *e %t!esses t th%s e+a!&e)% a) ) +e are a s ur e f&reat h ,e f r the Chur h. If the' rea))' )%+e %! u!%t' %th the ) a) Chur h a!$ the u!%+ersa) Chur h( the' %)) *e a rea) e/,ress% ! fmmu!% ! a!$ a mea!s f r !stru t%!& a st%)) $ee,er mmu!% !.01>= The%r f%$e)%t' t the%r m%ss% ! %)) $e,e!$ ! h arefu) the'

are t e$u ate the%r mem*ers %! the fu))!ess f the Chr%st%a! fa%th thr u&h )%ste!%!& t the 3 r$ f G $( f%$e)%t' t the tea h%!& f theMa&%ster%um( t the h%erar h% a) r$er f the Chur h a!$ t the sa rame!ta) L%fe. If th%s !$%t% ! %s fu)f%))e$( the%r e/,er%e! e( r te$ %! amm%tme!t t the m,)ete )%*erat% ! f ma!( *e mes a treasure f r the h )e Chur h.

Theologcal reflection

?>. S%m%)ar)'( a the ) &% a) ref)e t% ! $e+e) ,e$ fr m a ,art% u)ar e/,er%e! e a! !st%tute a +er' , s%t%+e !tr%*ut% !( %!asmu h as %tmakes , ss%*)e a h%&h)%&ht%!& f as,e ts f the 3 r$ f G $( the r% h!ess f h% h ha$ ! t 'et *ee! fu))' &ras,e$. But %! r$er that th%s


14/24

ref)e t% ! ma' *e tru)' a rea$%!& f the S r%,ture a!$ ! t a ,r -e t% ! ! t the 3 r$ f G $ f a mea!%!& h% h %t $ es ! t !ta%!( thethe ) &%a! %)) *e arefu) t %!ter,ret the e/,er%e! e fr m h% h he *e&%!s %! the )%&ht f the e/,er%e! e f the Chur h herse)f. Th%se/,er%e! e f the Chur h sh%!es %th a s%!&u)ar *r%&ht!ess a!$ %! a)) %ts ,ur%t' %! the )%+es f the sa%!ts. It ,erta%!s t the ,ast rs f theChur h( %! mmu!% ! %th the Su ess r f 4eter( t $%s er! %ts authe!t% %t'.

CHA4TER

THE SOCIAL DOCTRINE OF THE CHURCH7FOR A CHRISTIAN 4RACTICE OF LIBERATION

The Christian practice of liberation

?1. The sa)+%f% $%me!s% ! f )%*erat% ! a!! t *e re$u e$ t the s % ;eth% a) $%me!s% !( h% h %s a !se ue! e f %t. B' rest r%!&ma!#s true free$ m( the ra$% a) )%*erat% ! *r u&ht a* ut *' Chr%st ass%&!s t h%m a task7 Chr%st%a! ,ra t% e( h% h %s the ,utt%!& %!t,ra t% e f the &reat mma!$me!t f ) +e. The )atter %s the su,reme ,r%! %,)e f Chr%st%a! s %a) m ra)%t'( f u!$e$ u, ! the G s,e)a!$ the h )e f tra$%t% ! s%! e a, st )% t%mes a!$ the a&e f the Fathers f the Chur h u, t a!$ %! )u$%!& the re e!t stateme!ts fthe Ma&%ster%um. The !s%$era*)e ha))e!&es f ur t%me !st%tute a! ur&e!t a,,ea) t ,ut %!t ,ra t% e th%s tea h%!& ! h t a t.

I. Nature f the s %a) $ tr%!e f the Chur h

The &ospel message and social life

?2. The Chur h#s s %a) tea h%!& %s * r! f the e! u!ter f the G s,e) messa&e a!$ f %ts $ema!$s summar% e$ %! the su,rememma!$me!t f ) +e f G $ a!$ !e%&h* ur %! -ust% e 01>: %th the ,r *)ems ema!at%!& fr m the )%fe f s %et'. Th%s s %a) tea h%!&

has esta*)%she$ %tse)f as a $ tr%!e *' us%!& the res ur es f huma! %s$ m a!$ the s %e! es. It ! er!s the eth% a) as,e t f th%s )%fe.It takes %!t a u!t the te h!% a) as,e ts f ,r *)ems *ut a) a's %! r$er t -u$&e them fr m the m ra) , %!t f +%e .

Be%!& esse!t%a))' r%e!tate$ t ar$ a t% !( th%s tea h%!& $e+e) ,s %! a r$a! e %th the ha!&%!& %r umsta! es f h%st r'. Th%s %sh'( t &ether %th ,r%! %,)es that are a) a's +a)%$( %t a)s %!+ )+es !t%!&e!t -u$&me!ts. Far fr m !st%tut%!& a ) se$ s'stem( %trema%!s !sta!t)' ,e! t the !e uest% !s h% h !t%!ua))' ar%se< %t re u%res the !tr%*ut% ! f a)) har%sma( e/,er%e! es a!$ sk%))s.

As a! "e/,ert %! huma!%t'"( the Chur h ffers *' her s %a) $ tr%!e a set f ,r%! %,)es f r ref)e t% ! a!$ r%ter%a f r -u$&me!t 01>? a!$a)s $%re t%+es f r a t% ! 01>8 s that the ,r f u!$ ha!&es $ema!$e$ *' s%tuat% !s f , +ert' a!$ %!-ust% e ma' *e *r u&ht a* ut(a!$ th%s %! a a' h% h ser+es the true & $ f huma!%t'.

Fundamental principles

?5. The su,reme mma!$me!t f ) +e )ea$s t the fu)) re &!%t% ! f the $%&!%t' f ea h %!$%+%$ua)( reate$ %! G $#s %ma&e. Fr m th%s$%&!%t' f) !atura) r%&hts a!$ $ut%es. I! the )%&ht f the %ma&e f G $( free$ m( h% h %s the esse!t%a) ,rer &at%+e f the huma! ,ers !(%s ma!%feste$ %! a)) %ts $e,th. 4ers !s are the a t%+e a!$ res, !s%*)e su*-e ts f s %a) )%fe.01> I!t%mate)' )%!ke$ t the f u!$at% !(h% h %s ma!#s $%&!%t'( are the ,r%! %,)e f s )%$ar%t' a!$ the ,r%! %,)e f su*s%$%ar%t'. B' +%rtue f the f%rst( ma! %th h%s *r thers %s*)%&e$ t !tr%*ute t the mm ! & $ f s %et' at a)) %ts )e+e)s.011> He! e the Chur h#s $ tr%!e %s ,, se$ t a)) the f rms fs %a) r , )%t% a) %!$%+%$ua)%sm. B' +%rtue f the se !$( !e%ther the State ! r a!' s %et' must e+er su*st%tute %tse)f f r the %!%t%at%+e a!$res, !s%*%)%t' f %!$%+%$ua)s a!$ f %!terme$%ate mmu!%t%es at the )e+e) ! h% h the' a! fu! t% !( ! r must the' take a a' the r m!e essar' f r the%r free$ m.0111 He! e the Chur h#s s %a) $ tr%!e %s ,, se$ t a)) f rms f ))e t%+%sm.

Criteria for -udgment

?9. These ,r%! %,)es are the *as%s f r%ter%a f r mak%!& -u$&me!ts ! s %a) s%tuat% !s( stru tures a!$ s'stems. Thus the Chur h $ es! t hes%tate t !$em! s%tuat% !s f )%fe h% h are %!-ur% us t ma!#s $%&!%t' a!$ free$ m. These r%ter%a a)s make %t , ss%*)e t -u$&ethe +a)ue f stru tures. These are the sets f %!st%tut% !s a!$ ,ra t% es h% h ,e ,)e f%!$ a)rea$' e/%st%!& r h% h the' reate( ! the!at% !a) a!$ %!ter!at% !a) )e+e)( a!$ h% h r%e!tate r r&a!% e e ! m% ( s %a) a!$ , )%t% a) )%fe. Be%!& !e essar' %! themse)+es( the'fte! te!$ t *e me f%/e$ a!$ f ss%)% e$ as me ha!%sms re)at%+e)' %!$e,e!$e!t f the huma! %))( there*' ,ara)'s%!& r $%st rt%!&s %a) $e+e) ,me!t a!$ aus%!& %!-ust% e. H e+er( the' a) a's $e,e!$ ! the res, !s%*%)%t' f ma!( h a! a)ter them( a!$ ! t u, !a! a))e&e$ $eterm%!%sm f h%st r'. I!st%tut% !s a!$ )a s( he! the' are %! !f rm%t' %th the !atura) )a a!$ r$ere$ t the mm !& $( are the &uara!tees f ,e ,)e#s free$ m a!$ f the ,r m t% ! f that free$ m. O!e a!! t !$em! a)) the !stra%!%!& as,e tsf )a ( ! r the sta*%)%t' f a )a fu) State rth' f the !ame. O!e a! theref re s,eak f stru tures marke$ *' s%!( *ut !e a!! t!$em! stru tures as su h. The r%ter%a f r -u$&me!t a)s ! er! e ! m% ( s %a) a!$ , )%t% a) s'stems. The s %a) $ tr%!e f the

Chur h $ es ! t ,r , se a!' ,art% u)ar s'stem< *ut( %! the )%&ht f ther fu!$ame!ta) ,r%! %,)es( she makes %t , ss%*)e at ! e t see that e/te!t e/%st%!& s'stems !f rm r $ ! t !f rm t the $ema!$s f huma! $%&!%t'.

Primacy of persons over structures


15/24

?=. The Chur h %s f urse a are f the m,)e/%t' f the ,r *)ems !fr !t%!& s %et' a!$ f the $%ff% u)t%es %! f%!$%!& a$e uates )ut% !s t them. Ne+erthe)ess she !s%$ers that the f%rst th%!& t *e $ !e %s t a,,ea) t the s,%r%tua) a!$ m ra) a,a %t%es f the%!$%+%$ua) a!$ t the ,erma!e!t !ee$ f r %!!er !+ers% !( %f !e %s t a h%e+e the e ! m% a!$ s %a) ha!&es that %)) tru)' *e at theser+% e f ma!. The ,r% r%t' &%+e! t stru tures a!$ te h!% a) r&a!% at% ! +er the ,ers ! a!$ the re u%reme!ts f h%s $%&!%t' %s thee/,ress% ! f a mater%a)%st% a!thr , ) &' a!$ %s !trar' t the !stru t% ! f a -ust s %a) r$er.0112 O! the ther ha!$( there &!% e$ ,r% r%t' f free$ m a!$ f !+ers% ! f heart %! ! a' e)%m%!ates the !ee$ f r u!-ust stru tures t *e ha!&e$. It %stheref re ,erfe t)' )e&%t%mate that th se h su,er ,,ress% ! ! the ,art f the ea)th' r the , )%t% a))' , erfu) sh u)$ take a t% !(

thr u&h m ra))' )% %t mea!s( %! r$er t se ure stru tures a!$ %!st%tut% !s %! h% h the%r r%&hts %)) *e tru)' res,e te$. It rema%!s trueh e+er that stru tures esta*)%she$ f r ,e ,)e#s & $ are f themse)+es %! a,a*)e f se ur%!& a!$ &uara!tee%!& that & $. Therru,t% ! h% h %! erta%! u!tr%es affe ts the )ea$ers a!$ the State *ureau ra '( a!$ h% h $estr 's a)) h !est s %a) )%fe( %s a ,r ff th%s. M ra) %!te&r%t' %s a !e essar' !$%t% ! f r the hea)th f s %et'. It %s theref re !e essar' t rk s%mu)ta!e us)' f r the!+ers% ! f hearts a!$ f r the %m,r +eme!t f stru tures. F r the s%! h% h %s at the r t f u!-ust s%tuat% !s %s( %! a true a!$

%m&!e$%ate se!se( a + )u!tar' a t h% h has %ts s ur e %! the free$ m f %!$%+%$ua)s. O!)' %! a $er%+e$ a!$ se !$ar' se!se %s %ta,,)% a*)e t stru tures( a!$ !)' %! th%s se!se a! !e s,eak f "s %a) s%!"(0115 M re +er( %! the ,r ess f )%*erat% !( !e a!! ta*stra t fr m the h%st r% a) s%tuat% ! f the !at% ! r atta k the u)tura) %$e!t%t' f the ,e ,)e. C !se ue!t)'( !e a!! t ,ass%+e)'a e,t( st%)) )ess a t%+e)' su,, rt( &r u,s h% h *' f r e r *' the ma!%,u)at% ! f ,u*)% ,%!% ! take +er the State a,,aratus a!$u!-ust)' %m, se ! the ))e t%+%t' a! %m, rte$ %$e ) &' !trar' t the u)ture f the ,e ,)e.0119 I! th%s res,e t( me!t% ! sh u)$ *ema$e f the ser% us m ra) a!$ , )%t% a) res, !s%*%)%t' f %!te))e tua)s.

&uidelines for action

?:. Bas% ,r%! %,)es a!$ r%ter%a f r -u$&me!t %!s,%re &u%$e)%!es f r a t% !. S%! e the m m ! & $ f huma! s %et' %s at the ser+% e f

,e ,)e( the mea!s f a t% ! must *e %! !f rm%t' %th huma! $%&!%t' a!$ fa %)%tate e$u at% ! f r free$ m. A safe r%ter% ! f r -u$&me!ta!$ a t% ! %s th%s7 there a! *e ! true )%*erat% ! %f fr m the +er' *e&%!!%!& the r%&hts f free$ m are ! t res,e te$. S'stemat% re urset +% )e! e ,ut f r ar$ as the !e essar' ,ath t )%*erat% ! has t *e !$em!e$ as a $estru t%+e %))us% ! a!$ !e that ,e!s the a' t!e f rms f ser+%tu$e. O!e must !$em! %th e ua) +%& r +% )e! e e/er %se$ *' the , erfu) a&a%!st the , r( ar*%trar' a t% ! *' the, )% e( a!$ a!' f rm f +% )e! e esta*)%she$ as a s'stem f & +er!me!t. I! these areas !e must )ear! the )ess !s f tra&%e/,er%e! es h% h the h%st r' f the ,rese!t e!tur' has k! ! a!$ !t%!ues t k! . N r a! !e a e,t the u),a*)e ,ass%+%t' fthe ,u*)% , ers %! th se $em ra %es here the s %a) s%tuat% ! f a )ar&e !um*er f me! a!$ me! %s far fr m rres, !$%!& tthe $ema!$s f !st%tut% !a))' &uara!tee$ %!$%+%$ua) a!$ s %a) r%&hts.

A struggle for -ustice

?? . 3he! the Chur h e! ura&es the reat% ! a!$ a t%+%t' f ass %at% !s su h as tra$e u!% !s h% h f%&ht f r the $efe! e f the r%&htsa!$ )e&%t%mate %!terests f the rkers a!$ f r s %a) -ust% e( she $ es ! t there*' a$m%t the the r' that sees %! the )ass stru&&)e thestru tura) $'!am%sm f s %a) )%fe. The a t% ! h% h she sa! t% !s %s ! t the stru&&)e f !e )ass a&a%!st a! ther %! r$er t e)%m%!atethe f e. She $ es ! t ,r ee$ fr m a m%stake! a e,ta! e f a! a))e&e$ )a f h%st r'. Th%s a t% ! %s rather a ! *)e a!$ reas !e$stru&&)e f r -ust% e a!$ s %a) s )%$ar%t'.011= The Chr%st%a! %)) a) a's ,refer the ,ath f $%a) &ue a!$ - %!t a t% !. Chr%st hasmma!$e$ us t ) +e ur e!em%es.011: L%*erat% ! %! the s,%r%t f the G s,e) %s theref re %! m,at%*)e %th hatre$ f thers( take!

%!$%+%$ua))' r ))e t%+e)'( a!$ th%s %! )u$es hatre$ f !e#s e!em'.

The myth of revolution

?8. S%tuat% !s f &ra+e %!-ust% e re u%re the ura&e t make far;rea h%!& ref rms a!$ t su,,ress u!-ust%f%a*)e ,r%+%)e&es. But th seh $%s re$%t the ,ath f ref rm a!$ fa+ ur the m'th f re+ )ut% ! ! t !)' f ster the %))us% ! that the a* )%t% ! f a! e+%) s%tuat% ! %s %!%tse)f suff% %e!t t reate a m re huma!e s %et'< the' a)s e! ura&e the sett%!& u, f t ta)%tar%a! re&%mes.011? The f%&ht a&a%!st%!-ust% e %s mea!%!&)ess u!)ess %t %s a&e$ %th a +%e t esta*)%sh%!& a !e s %a) a!$ , )%t% a) r$er %! !f rm%t' %th the $ema!$s f

-ust% e. 6ust% e must a)rea$' mark ea h sta&e f the esta*)%shme!t f th%s !e r$er. There %s a m ra)%t' f mea!s.0118

A last resort

? . These ,r%! %,)es must *e es,e %a))' a,,)%e$ %! the e/treme ase here there %s re urse t arme$ stru&&)e( h% h the Chur h#sMa&%ster%um a$m%ts as a )ast res rt t ,ut a! e!$ t a! *+% us a!$ ,r ) !&e$ t'ra!!' h% h %s &ra+e)' $ama&%!& the fu!$ame!ta)r%&hts f %!$%+%$ua)s a!$ the mm ! & $.011 Ne+erthe)ess( the ! rete a,,)% at% ! f th%s mea!s a! ! t *e !tem,)ate$ u!t%)there has *ee! a +er' r%& r us a!a)'s%s f the s%tuat% !. I!$ee$( *e ause f the !t%!ua) $e+e) ,me!t f the te h! ) &' f +% )e! ea!$ the %! reas%!&)' ser% us $a!&ers %m,)%e$ %! %ts re urse( that h% h t $a' %s terme$ ",ass%+e res%sta! e" sh s a a' m re!f rma*)e t m ra) ,r%! %,)es a!$ ha+%!& ! )ess ,r s,e ts f r su ess. O!e a! !e+er a,,r +e( hether ,er,etrate$ *' esta*)%she$

, er r %!sur&e!ts( r%mes su h as re,r%sa)s a&a%!st the &e!era) , ,u)at% !( t rture( r meth $s f terr r%sm a!$ $e)%*erate,r + at% ! a%me$ at aus%!& $eaths $ur%!& , ,u)ar $em !strat% !s. E ua))' u!a e,ta*)e are $etesta*)e smear am,a%&!s a,a*)e f$estr '%!& a ,ers ! ,s' h ) &% a))' r m ra))'.

The role of the laity


16/24

8>. It %s ! t f r the ,ast rs f the Chur h t %!ter+e!e $%re t)' %! the , )%t% a) ! stru t% ! a!$ r&a!% at% ! f s %a) )%fe. Th%s task f rms,art f the + at% ! f the )a%t' a t%!& ! the%r ! %!%t%at%+e %th the%r fe)) ; %t% e!s.012> The' must fu)f%) th%s task !s % us f the fa tthat the ,ur, se f the Chur h %s t s,rea$ the %!&$ m f Chr%st s that a)) me! ma' *e sa+e$ a!$ that thr u&h them the r)$ ma'*e effe t%+e)' r$ere$ t Chr%st.0121 The rk f sa)+at% ! %s thus see! t *e %!$%ss )u*)' )%!ke$ t the task f %m,r +%!& a!$ ra%s%!& the!$%t% !s f huma! )%fe %! th%s r)$. The $%st%! t% ! *et ee! the su,er!atura) r$er f sa)+at% ! a!$ the tem, ra) r$er f huma! )%fe

must *e seer %! the !te/t f G $#s s%!&u)ar ,)a! t re a,%tu)ate a)) th%!&s %! Chr%st. He! e %! ea h f these s,heres the )a',ers !( h

%s at !e a!$ the same t%me a mem*er f the Chur h a!$ a %t% e! f h%s u!tr'( must a)) h%mse)f t *e !sta!t)' &u%$e$ *' h%sChr%st%a! !s %e! e.0122 S %a) a t% !( h% h a! %!+ )+e a !um*er f ! rete mea!s( %)) a) a's *e e/er %se$ f r the mm !& $ a!$ %! !f rm%t' %th the G s,e) messa&e a!$ the tea h%!& f the Chur h. It must *e e!sure$ that the +ar%et' f ,t% !s $ es! t harm a se!se f ))a* rat% !( r )ea$ t a ,ara)'s%s f eff rts r ,r $u e !fus% ! am !& the Chr%st%a! ,e ,)e. The r%e!tat% !re e%+e$ fr m the s %a) $ tr%!e f the Chur h sh u)$ st%mu)ate a! a u%s%t% ! f the esse!t%a) te h!% a) a!$ s %e!t%f% sk%))s. The s %a)$ tr%!e f the Chur h %)) a)s st%mu)ate the seek%!& f m ra) f rmat% ! f hara ter a!$ a $ee,e!%!& f the s,%r%tua) )%fe. 3h%)e %t ffers,r%! %,)es a!$ %se u!se)s( th%s $ tr%!e $ es ! t $%s,e!se fr m e$u at% ! %! the , )%t% a) ,ru$e! e !ee$e$ f r &u%$%!& a!$ ru!!%!&huma! affa%rs.

II. E+a!&e)% a) re u%reme!ts f r a! %!$e,th tra!sf rmat% !

#eed for a cultural transformation

81. Chr%st%a!s rk%!& t *r%!& a* ut that " %+%)% at% ! f ) +e" h% h %)) %! )u$e the e!t%re eth% a) a!$ s %a) her%ta&e f the G s,e) aret $a' fa e$ %th a! u!,re e$e!te$ ha))e!&e. Th%s task a))s f r re!e e$ ref)e t% ! ! hat !st%tutes the re)at% !sh%, *et ee! the

su,reme mma!$me!t f ) +e a!$ the s %a) r$er !s%$ere$ %! a)) %ts m,)e/%t'. The %mme$%ate a%m f th%s %!$e,th ref)e t% ! %s trk ut a!$ set %! m t% ! am*%t% us ,r &rammes a%me$ at the s % ;e ! m% )%*erat% ! f m%))% !s f me! a!$ me! au&ht %! a!

%!t )era*)e s%tuat% ! f e ! m% ( s %a) a!$ , )%t% a) ,,ress% !. Th%s a t% ! must *e&%! %th a! %mme!se eff rt at e$u at% !7 e$u at% !f r the %+%)% at% ! f rk( e$u at% ! f r s )%$ar%t'( a ess t u)ture f r a)).

The &ospel of work

82. The )%fe f 6esus f Na areth( a rea) "G s,e) f rk"( ffers us the )%+%!& e/am,)e a!$ ,r%! %,)e f the ra$% a) u)tura) tra!sf rmat% !h% h %s esse!t%a) f r s )+%!& the &ra+e ,r *)ems h% h must *e fa e$ *' the a&e %! h% h e )%+e. He( h ( th u&h he as G $(*e ame )%ke us %! a)) th%!&s( $e+ te$ the &reater ,art f h%s earth)' )%fe t ma!ua) )a* ur.0125 The u)ture h% h ur a&e a a%ts %)) *emarke$ *' the fu)) re &!%t% ! f the $%&!%t' f huma! rk( h% h a,,ears %! a)) %ts ! *%)%t' a!$ fru%tfu)!ess %! the )%&ht f the m'ster%esf Creat% ! a!$ Re$em,t% !.0129 Re &!% e$ as a f rm f the ,ers !( rk *e mes a s ur e f reat%+e mea!%!& a!$ eff rt.

A true civili)ation of work

85. Thus the s )ut% ! f m st f the ser% us ,r *)ems re)ate$ t , +ert' %s t *e f u!$ %! the ,r m t% ! f a true %+%)% at% ! f rk. I! ase!se( rk %s the ke' t the h )e s %a) uest% !.012= It %s theref re %! the $ ma%! f rk that ,r% r%t' must *e &%+e! t the a t% ! f)%*erat% ! %! free$ m. Be ause the re)at% !sh%, *et ee! the huma! ,ers ! a!$ rk %s ra$% a) a!$ +%ta)( the f rms a!$ m $e)sa r$%!& t h% h th%s re)at% !sh%, %s re&u)ate$ %)) e/er %se a , s%t%+e %!f)ue! e f r the s )ut% ! f a h )e ser%es f s %a) a!$ , )%t% a),r *)ems fa %!& ea h ,e ,)e. 6ust rk re)at% !sh%,s %)) *e a !e essar' ,re !$%t% ! f r a s'stem f , )%t% a) mmu!%t' a,a*)e ffa+ ur%!& the %!te&ra) $e+e) ,me!t f e+er' %!$%+%$ua). If the s'stem f )a* ur re)at% !s ,ut %!t effe t *' th se $%re t)' %!+ )+e$( therkers a!$ em,) 'ers( %th the esse!t%a) su,, rt f the ,u*)% , ers su ee$s %! *r%!&%!& %!t e/%ste! e a %+%)% at% ! f rk( the!

there %)) take ,)a e a ,r f u!$ a!$ ,ea efu) re+ )ut% ! %! ,e ,)e#s ut) ks a!$ %! %!st%tut% !a) a!$ , )%t% a) stru tures.

#ational and international common good

89. A rk u)ture su h as th%s %)) !e essar%)' ,resu,, se a!$ ,ut %!t effe t a erta%! !um*er f esse!t%a) +a)ues. It %)) a k! )e$&ethat the ,ers ! f the rker %s the ,r%! %,)e( su*-e t a!$ ,ur, se f rk. It %)) aff%rm the ,r% r%t' f rk +er a,%ta) a!$ the fa t thatmater%a) & $s are mea!t f r a)). It %)) *e a!%mate$ *' a se!se f s )%$ar%t' %!+ )+%!& ! t !)' r%&hts t *e $efe!$e$ *ut a)s the $ut%est *e ,erf rme$. It %)) %!+ )+e ,art% %,at% !( a%me$ at ,r m t%!& the !at% !a) a!$ %!ter!at% !a) mm ! & $ a!$ ! t -ust $efe!$%!&%!$%+%$ua) r r, rate %!terests. It %)) ass%m%)ate the meth $s f !fr !tat% ! a!$ f fra!k a!$ +%& r us $%a) &ue.

As a resu)t( the , )%t% a) auth r%t%es %)) *e me m re a,a*)e f a t%!& %th res,e t f r the )e&%t%mate free$ ms f %!$%+%$ua)s( fam%)%esa!$ su*s%$%ar' &r u,s< a!$ the' %)) thus reate the !$%t% !s !e essar' f r ma! t *e a*)e t a h%e+e h%s authe!t% a!$ %!te&ra)e)fare( %! )u$%!& h%s s,%r%tua) & a).012:

The value of human work

8=. A u)ture h% h re &!% es the em%!e!t $%&!%t' f the rker %)) em,has% e the su*-e t%+e $%me!s% ! f rk.012? The +a)ue fa!' huma! rk $ es ! t $e,e!$ ! the k%!$ f rk $ !e< %t %s *ase$ ! the fa t that the !e h $ es %t %s a ,ers !(0128 There e


17/24

ha+e a! eth% a) r%ter% ! h se %m,)% at% !s a!! t *e +er) ke$. Thus e+er' ,ers ! has a r%&ht t rk( a!$ th%s r%&ht must *ere &!% e$ %! a ,ra t% a) a' *' a! effe t%+e mm%tme!t t res )+%!& the tra&% ,r *)em f u!em,) 'me!t. The fa t that u!em,) 'me!tkee,s )ar&e se t rs f the , ,u)at% ! a!$ ! ta*)' the ' u!& %! a s%tuat% ! f mar&%!a)% at% ! %s %!t )era*)e. F r th%s reas ! the reat% !f - *s %s a ,r%mar' s %a) task fa %!& %!$%+%$ua)s a!$ ,r%+ate e!ter,r%se( as e)) as the State. As a &e!era) ru)e( %! th%s as %! thermatters( the State has a su*s%$%ar' fu! t% !< *ut fte! %t a! *e a))e$ u, ! t %!ter+e!e $%re t)'( as %! the ase f %!ter!at% !a)a&reeme!ts *et ee! $%ffere!t States. Su h a&reeme!ts must res,e t the r%&hts f %mm%&ra!ts a!$ the%r fam%)%es.012

Promoting participation

8:. 3a&es( h% h a!! t *e !s%$ere$ as a mere mm $%t'( must e!a*)e the rker a!$ h%s fam%)' t ha+e a ess t a tru)' huma!sta!$ar$ f )%+%!& %! the mater%a)( s %a)( u)tura) a!$ s,%r%tua) r$ers. It %s the $%&!%t' f the ,ers ! h% h !st%tutes the r%ter% ! f r

-u$&%!& rk( ! t the ther a' r u!$. 3hate+er the t',e f rk( the rker must *e a*)e t ,erf rm %t as a! e/,ress% ! f h%s,ers !a)%t'. There f )) s fr m th%s the !e ess%t' f a ,art% %,at% ! h% h( +er a!$ a* +e a shar%!& %! the fru%ts f rk( sh u)$ %!+ )+ea tru)' mmu!%tar%a! $%me!s% ! at the )e+e) f ,r -e ts( u!$ertak%!&s a!$ res, !s%*%)%t%es.015>

Priority of work over capital

8?. The ,r% r%t' f rk +er a,%ta) ,)a es a! *)%&at% ! %! -ust% e u, ! em,) 'ers t ! s%$er the e)f are f the rkers *ef re the%! rease f ,r f%ts. The' ha+e a m ra) *)%&at% ! ! t t kee, a,%ta) u!,r $u t%+e a!$ %! mak%!& %!+estme!ts t th%!k f%rst f themm ! & $. The )atter re u%res a ,r% r eff rt t !s )%$ate - *s r reate !e !es %! the ,r $u t% ! f & $s that are rea))' usefu).

The r%&ht t ,r%+ate ,r ,ert' %s %! ! e%+a*)e %th ut res, !s%*%)%t%es t the mm ! & $. It %s su* r$%!ate$ t the h%&her ,r%! %,)eh% h states that & $s are mea!t f r a)).0151

"ndepth reforms

88. Th%s tea h%!& must %!s,%re ref rms *ef re %t %s t )ate. A ess f r e+er' !e t the & $s !ee$e$ f r a huma!( ,ers !a) a!$ fam%)')%fe rth' f the !ame %s a ,r%mar' $ema!$ f s %a) -ust% e. It re u%res a,,)% at% ! %! the s,here f %!$ustr%a) rk a!$ %! a ,art% u)ara' %! the area f a&r% u)tura) rk.0152 I!$ee$( rura) ,e ,)es( es,e %a))' %! the th%r$ r)$( make u, the +ast ma- r%t' f the , r.0155

III. 4r m t% ! f s )%$ar%t'

A new solidarity

8 . S )%$ar%t' %s a $%re t re u%reme!t f huma! a!$ su,er!atura) *r therh $. The ser% us s % ;e ! m% ,r *)ems h% h ur t $a'a!! t *e s )+e$ u!)ess !e fr !ts f s )%$ar%t' are reate$7 s )%$ar%t' f the , r am !& themse)+es( s )%$ar%t' %th the , r t h% hthe r% h are a))e$( s )%$ar%t' am !& the rkers a!$ %th the rkers. I!st%tut% !s a!$ s %a) r&a!% at% !s at $%ffere!t )e+e)s( as e)) asthe State( must share %! a &e!era) m +eme!t f s )%$ar%t'. 3he! the Chur h a,,ea)s f r su h s )%$ar%t'( she %s a are that she herse)f %s! er!e$ %! a u%te s,e %a) a'.

&oods are meant for all

>. The ,r%! %,)e that & $s are mea!t f r a))( t &ether %th the ,r%! %,)e f huma! a!$ su,er!atura) *r therh $( e/,ress the res, !s%*%)%t%es f the r% her u!tr%es t ar$ the , rer !es. These res, !s%*%)%t%es %! )u$e s )%$ar%t' %! a%$%!& the $e+e) ,%!& u!tr%es(s %a) -ust% e thr u&h a re+%s% ! %! rre t terms f mmer %a) re)at% !sh%,s *et ee! N rth a!$ S uth( the ,r m t% ! f a m re huma!r)$ f r a))( a r)$ %! h% h ea h %!$%+%$ua) a! &%+e a!$ re e%+e( a!$ %! h% h the ,r &ress f s me %)) ! ) !&er *e a! *sta )e t

the $e+e) ,me!t f thers( ! r a ,rete/t f r the%r e!s)a+eme!t.0159

Aid for development

1. I!ter!at% !a) s )%$ar%t' %s a !e ess%t' f the m ra) r$er. It %s esse!t%a) ! t !)' %! ases f e/treme ur&e! ' *ut a)s f r a%$%!& true$e+e) ,me!t. Th%s %s a share$ task( h% h re u%res a ! erte$ a!$ !sta!t eff rt t f%!$ ! rete te h!% a) s )ut% !s a!$ a)s treate a !e me!ta)%t' am !& ur !tem, rar%es. 3 r)$ ,ea e $e,e!$s ! th%s t a &reat e/te!t.015=

I . Cu)tura) a!$ e$u at% !a) tasks

*ight to education and culture

2. The u!-ust %!e ua)%t%es %! the , ssess% ! a!$ use f mater%a) & $s are a m,a!%e$ a!$ a&&ra+ate$ *' s%m%)ar)' u!-ust%!e ua)%t%es %! the ,, rtu!%t' f r u)ture. E+er' huma! *e%!& has a r%&ht t u)ture( h% h %s the s,e %f% m $e f a tru)' huma!e/%ste! e t h% h !e &a%!s a ess thr u&h the $e+e) ,me!t f !e#s %!te))e tua) a,a %t%es( m ra) +%rtues( a*%)%t%es t re)ate %th therhuma! *e%!&s( a!$ ta)e!ts f r reat%!& th%!&s h% h are usefu) a!$ *eaut%fu). Fr m th%s f) s the !e ess%t' f ,r m t%!& a!$ s,rea$%!&e$u at% !( t h% h e+er' %!$%+%$ua) has a! %!a)%e!a*)e r%&ht. The f%rst !$%t% ! f r th%s %s the e)%m%!at% ! f %))%tera '.015:


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*espect for cultural freedom

5. The r%&ht f ea h ,ers ! t u)ture %s !)' assure$ %f u)tura) free$ m %s res,e te$. T fte! u)ture %s $e*ase$ *' %$e ) &'( a!$e$u at% ! %s tur!e$ %!t a! %!strume!t at the ser+% e f , )%t% a) r e ! m% , er. It %s ! t %th%! the m,ete! e f the ,u*)%auth r%t%es t $eterm%!e u)ture. The%r fu! t% ! %s t ,r m te a!$ ,r te t the u)tura) )%fe f e+er' !e( %! )u$%!& that f m%! r%t%es.015?

The educational task of the family

9. The task f e$u at%!& *e) !&s fu!$ame!ta))' a!$ ,r%mar%)' t the fam%)'. The fu! t% ! f the State %s su*s%$%ar'7 %ts r )e %s t&uara!tee( ,r te t( ,r m te a!$ su,,)eme!t. 3he!e+er the State )a's )a%m t a! e$u at% !a) m ! , )'( %t +erste,s %ts r%&hts a!$ffe!$s -ust% e. It %s ,are!ts h ha+e the r%&ht t h se the s h ) t h% h the' se!$ the%r h%)$re! a!$ the r%&ht t set u, e!$su,, rt e$u at% !a) e!tres %! a r$a! e %th the%r ! *e)%efs. The State a!! t %th ut %!-ust% e mere)' t )erate s ; a))e$ ,r%+ates h )s. Su h s h )s re!$er a ,u*)% ser+% e a!$ theref re ha+e a r%&ht t f%!a! %a) ass%sta! e.0158

Freedoms and sharing

= . The e$u at% ! h% h &%+es a ess t u)ture %s a)s e$u at% ! %! the res, !s%*)e e/er %se f free$ m. That %s h' there a! !)' *eauthe!t% $e+e) ,me!t %! a s %a) a!$ , )%t% a) s'stem h% h res,e ts free$ ms a!$ f sters them thr u&h the ,art% %,at% ! f e+er' !e.Th%s ,art% %,at% ! a! take $%ffere!t f rms< %t %s !e essar' %! r$er t &uara!tee a ,r ,er ,

instruction on christian freedom and liberation

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