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ITM-MUHAS, P.O. Box 65001, Dar Es Salaam, TanzaniaTel: +255 22 2150096: Fax: +255 22 2150465E-mail Address: [email protected], Website: www.muhas.ac.tz/itm

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ITM NEWS BULLETIN, (Volume 8): DECEMBER 2016

NEWS BULLETINITM NEWS BULLETIN, (Volume 8): DECEMBER 2016

INSTITUTE OF TRADITIONAL MEDICINE

ISSN 1821-8547



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Morizella juice is 100% natural Extract from Hibiscus sabdariffa calyx and Moringa oleifera leaves.

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These herbal components are good for your health.

Drink daily Morizella juice for good healthCAUTION: Not to be taken by people with lower Blood Pressure and infants.

Produced by:- INSTITUTE OF TRADITIONAL MEDICINE - MUHIMBILI UNIVERSITY OF HEALTH AND ALLIED SCIENCES P. O. Box 65001 DAR ES SALAAM, TANZANIA Telephone: + 255-22-2150096 Email: [email protected]

PATENT NO.TZ/P/07/00150, REG. NO. TAN 13 FD 000939, TAN 13 FD 000940


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FOREWORD

This is an important opportunity to introduce to you volume 8 of the Institute of Traditional Medicine News Bulletin. This issue has general information on the Institute; highlighting the Editorial Board, the Management and the current triennium Institute Board Members. The Institute guiding values are vividly presented on the back cover of the bulletin together with the newly acquired product trade mark ITMherb plus.

The Human Resource of the Institute had no major changes in the year 2016 apart from retirement of two members of our employees as presented under the respective section.

The Institute research personnel has been involved in a wide range of research projects as elucidated under the Ongoing Research Projects section. This bulletin carries a short synopsis of some of the completed/or terminated projects in the year 2016. Overall research output appearson the list of publication.

Our favorite Postgraduate Corner is highly decorated with two Institute faculty; one as Alumni and the second is a PhD graduate on Traditional Medicine Development training program. In addition, the section carries other graduate and prize awardees for the year 2016. The section on Events and Activities present an overview of an assortment of events including Annual Gathering, Short Term Training, Workshops and Seminars and others that Institute staff were involved in during the reporting period.

You will definitely be enlightened reading volume 8 of the Institute of Traditional Medicine Bulletin; indeed, there is a lot to learn and catchup with.

Febronia C’ UisoEditor in Chief – INB

ITM Products in the Market

INSTITUTE OF TRADITIONAL MEDICINE - MUHIMBILI UNIVERSITY OF HEALTH AND ALLIED SCIENCESP. O. Box 65001 DAR ES SALAAM, TANZANIA Telephone: + 255-22-2150096 Email: [email protected]


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ITM NEWS BULLETIN, (Volume 8): DECEMBER 2016ITM NEWS BULLETIN, (Volume 8): DECEMBER 2016

MESSAGE FROM THE DIRECTOR

Welcome to this issue of bulletin that highlights annual activities, achievements and challenges of the

Institute of Traditional Medicine in the areas of research, training and consultancy. During the year 2016, the Institute implemented activities in line with Tanzania Vision 2025, Policies of the ministries responsible for education (MoEST) and health (MoHCDGEC). The Institute research activities aim to promote and develop standardized herbal medicines and plant derived pharmaceuticals and useful non-material aspects of traditional medicine for the improvement of the health of the Tanzanian people in line with national development plans.

Research efforts to validate and develop proof of activity of traditionally used herbal medicines has continued in different areas through student research and faculty projects. Policy issues to inform government and other traditional medicine stakeholders continued to be part of our publications in the year 2016. The master’s degree training program on traditional medicine development continued steadily despite sponsorship difficulties. Only the regional DAAD fellowships supported some of our applicants, thus making those that cannot afford self-sponsorship forced out of the program.

In addition, support was sought for training and capacity building of institutional faculty whereby three faculty are on PhD training, one within MUHAS, the other at UDSM and the third at the Nelson Mandela University and another staff is pursuing first degree at the UDSM.

Research geared at developing standardized quality herbal medicinal products; dispensed to needy customers also contribute to Institute’s income generation. Market authorizations consider quality, packaging and labeling of products as important parameters for consumer goods. Thus, the 2015, technical support from GAIN-Marketplace was instrumental in improvement of our products and identifying market; whereby distribution agreement with Cloud9 Wellness enabled


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Ravo and Mangifera cream to enter the competitive market of Pharmacies and other outlets.

The other Institute development activity was registration to BRELA of the ITMherbo plus trademark under the International NICE classification of Goods and Services class 44 (service provider in Traditional medicine); that also encompasses class 5 (manufacturer of medicinal plant products and nutritional supplements) and class 44 (Cosmetics). The Institute obtained a TFDA registration of two skincare creams cosmetic products; Ravo (TAN 16 CP 0772) and Mangifera (TAN 16 CP 0773); and Institutional registration to GS1-Tanzania Limited as barcode user. These approaches aimed to create a conducive environment in herbal medicinal production, development and distribution to satisfy consumers’ quest and gain trust for quality products.

The Institute continues working with the traditional health practitioners the custodians of Indigenous knowledge. An annual continuing education and professional development short course to empower and enlighten traditional health practitioners also reflecting on the current global economy was conducted.

Currently THPs of Tanzania are not benefiting due to poor or lack of favourable IPR legislatives, management or enforcement. Tanzania has ratified different international and regional conventions and treaties such as the CBD 1998, Nagoya Protocol 2010, the TRIPS Agreemnet1994, Patent cooperation treaty 1970, the Berne convention 1888, the Paris convectional 1883, among many. However, the current Tanzania legislatives have not adequately domesticated many of these conventions and treaties to protect traditional knowledge and their healthcare system as a whole.

The Institute of Traditional Medicine is keeping abreast with the current global trends and therefore, participate in different capacity levels and forms of sensitization of the public through exhibitions, workshops and training at Master and PhD degree in Traditional Medicine Development in line with the ongoing country efforts of Nurturing Industrialization for Economic Transformation and Human Development.

As we celebrate this success, I take this opportunity to thank our development partners, the University management and the government, as they remain key contributors of financing research activities. It is my sincere hope that as you read this year issue of the bulletin, you will enjoy it and gain insight into the different dimensions and dynamics of the traditional medicine healthcare system.

Prof. Ester InnocentDirector Institute of Traditional Medicine


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ITM NEWS BULLETIN, (Volume 8): DECEMBER 2016ITM NEWS BULLETIN, (Volume 8): DECEMBER 2016ITM NEWS BULLETIN, (Volume 8): DECEMBER 2016

SENIOR OFFICERS OF THE INSTITUTE AND BOARD MEMBERS

ITM Board Members

1. Dr. Ester Innocent Director and Chair Person ITM Board 2. Dr. Vicky Manyanga Member SoP - MUHAS 3. Dr. Francis Dida Member School of Medicine -MUHAS 4. Dr. Donati Tarimo Member SPHSS - MUHAS 5. Dr. Francis Machumi Member ITM - MUHAS 6. Dr. Joseph N. Otieno Member ITM - MUHAS 7. Dr. Modest C. Kapingu Member ITM - MUHAS 8. Dr. Pax J. Masimba Member ITM - MUHAS 9. Dr. Paul P. Mhame Member Ag. Director, Trad. Med. Section-

MoHCDGEC10. Mr. Juma Mgoo Member Tanzania Forestry Services - MoNRT11. Prof. Madundo M Mtambo Member TIRDO = MITM12. Adam Mitangu Fimbo Member TFDA13. Dr. William Kindeketa, Member COSTECH14. Dr. Ligile Vumilia Member Registrar TAHPC – MoHCDGEC15. Mourice Mbunde Member ITM Student Representative - MUHAS

Dr. Ester InnocentDirector

Dr. Joseph N. OtienoHead, Department of Medical

Botany, Agronomy and Plant Breeding

Dr. Pax J. MasimbaHead, Department of Biological Testing and Pre-Clinical Studies

Dr. Modest C. KapinguHead, Department of Natural

Products Development and Formulation


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ITM NEWS BULLETIN, (Volume 8): DECEMBER 2016ITM NEWS BULLETIN, (Volume 8): DECEMBER 2016ITM NEWS BULLETIN, (Volume 7): DECEMBER 2015

INB EDITORIAL BOARD MEMBERS

NEWS BULLETIN

Mrs. FC Uiso

Prof. RLA Mahunnah Dr. PJ Masimba

Mr. MN Mbunde


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LIST OF ACRONYMS

AAS Africa Academy of Science

AIDS Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome

BRELA Business Registration and Licensing Agency

BST Brine Shrimp Toxicity

COSTECH Commission for Science and Technology

CBD Convention for Bio-diversity

CEPD Continuing Education and Professional Development

CIRCLE Climate Impact Research Capacity and Leadership Enhancement

CITES Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of

Wild Fauna and Flora

DAAD Germany Academic Exchange Service

DNA Deoxyribonucleic acid

GLP Good Laboratory Practice

GMP Good Manufacturing Practice

GS1 –Tz Global Standards for Business Communication - Tanzania

HIV Human Immunodeficiency Virus

IFS International Foundation for Science

INB ITM News Bulletin

IPR Intellectual Property Rights

ITM Institute of Traditional Medicine

LC50 Lethal Concentration that kills 50% of the study population

MITM Ministry of Industry, Trade and Marketing

MNH Muhimbili National Hospital


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MUHAS Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences

MoHCDGEC Ministry of Health, Community Development, Gender, Elderly

and Children

MoNRT Ministry of Natural Resources and Tourism

MUCHS Muhimbili University College of Health Sciences

NIMR National Institute for Medical Research

NAPRECA Natural Products Research for Eastern and Central Africa

PCR Polymerase chain reaction

PPD Pharmaceutical Product Development

SIDA Swedish International Development Agency

SoP School of Pharmacy

SPHSS School of Public Health and Social Sciences

SUA Sokoine University of Agriculture

TDR Tropical Disease Research

TIRDO Tanzania Industrial Research & Development Organization

RNA Ribonucleic acid

TAHPC Traditional and Alternative Health Practitioners Council

TASENE Tanzania Sweden and Netherlands

TFDA Tanzania Food and Drug Authority

UDSM University of Dar Es Salaam

UNDP United Nations Development Project

USA United States of America

USAID United States Agency for International Development

UV Ultra Violet

WHO World Health Organization

WIPO World Intellectual Property Organization


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CONTENTSFO R E W O R D ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ I I I

I T M P R O D U C T S I N T H E M A R K E T --------------------------------------------------------- I V

M E S S A G E F R O M T H E D I R E C T O R ------------------------------------------------------------V

I T M B O A R D M E M B E R S ------------------------------------------------------------------------ V I I

L I S T O F A C R O N Y M S --------------------------------------------------------------------------- V I I I

H U M A N R E S O U R C E A N D S TA F F M O B I L I T Y --------------------------------------------2

R E S E A R C H A C T I V I T I E S ------------------------------------------------------------------------- 6

I T M P O S T G R A D U AT E ’S & A L U M N I C O R N E R ----------------------------------------- 11

T R A I N I N G /V I S I T S /AT TA C H M E N T S AT T H E I N S T I T U T E ------------------------ 14

V I S I T S /AT TA C H M E N T S /P L A C E M E N T S -------------------------------------------------- 15

E V E N T S ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 17

V I S I T S T O I T M 2016 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 18

L I S T O F P U B L I C AT I O N S ----------------------------------------------------------------------- 19

I T M P R O D U C T S I N D E V E L O P M E N T ------------------------------------------------------ 20


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HUMAN RESOURCE AND STAFF MOBILITYITM Staff Status 2016

Table 1: Departmental Distribution of Human Resources at the Institute

Staff Position Medical Botany, Agronomy and Plant Breeding

Natural Products Development and Formulation

Biological and Pre-clinical Studies

Office of the Director

Total

Academic staff

Research Professor - - - - -

Ass Res Professor 1 - 1 - 2

Senior Res Fellow 2 2 1 - 5

Research Fellow - 1 1 - 2

Asst. Res Fellow 1 2 2 - 5

Tutorial Assistant - 2 1 - 3

Total 4 7 6 17

Technical and Administrative/support

Medical Officers - - 1 - 1

Scientists/Technical staff

1 1 1 - 3

Administrative Officer

- - - - -

Secretary / Typists - - - 1 1

Laboratory attendants

- - 1 - 1

Office Attendants - - - 2 2

Total 1 1 3 3 8

Grand Total 5 8 9 3 25


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Staff Training:

The Institute is striving to build its research capacity through training and empowering its human resource. The Traditional Medicine Development training program has been very instrumental in training the Institute staff and faculty. This reporting year one ITM staff graduated at PhD level and two others are on training. Two other ITM faculty registered for PhD training in other universities within the country, one at Nelson Mandela and the second at the UDSM. The third staff is undertaking first-degree training at the UDSM.

Short Term Training:

1. Dr. Ester Innocent attended the Advanced Training and Advisory Program on Intellectual Property Rights in the Global Economy for the Least Developed Countries (LDCs) held in Stockholm, Sweden from August 26 to September 16, 2016.

The World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) in cooperation with the Swedish Patent and Registration Office (PRV) organized the training with the assistance of the Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency (Sida). The training aimed at developing skills and building knowledge base for officials from Least Developed Countries (LCDs) on Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) and its impact on economic growth and development.

The trainees presented comprehensive country background information on Intellectual Property Rights. Their pre submitted (selected) country projects received ample inputs from the WIPO, PVR and other facilitators that led to refinement in line with the respective country pertaining situation. Dr. Ester Innocent project is on IPR training program for subsequent implementation after the advanced training.

The training covered different legislative enforcement and management

aspects of IPR at national, regional and international level. They also covered subjects related to IPR tools such as patents, trademarks, industrial designs and geographic indications, copyrights and related rights. Issues related to piracy, counterfeit of protected works, fair competition and their impact on economic growth and development were also covered.


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Dr. Ester Innocent project titled ’’Health Research and Innovation for

Sustainable Development: Training on IPR Issues’’ will be implemented in the year 2017 under the same funding arrangements.

Workshop and Seminars

1. Dr. Ester Innocent attended the African Organization Standardization (ARSO) technical harmonization committee (THC -13 of ARSO) of African Traditional Medicine Standards from May 24th - 28th, 2016, in Kigali, Rwanda.

2. Dr. Edimund Kayombo was involved in Training in Global health program

for international students on the topic “Traditional beliefs and health”, also Interview of traditional health practitioner and had an excursion to traditional health practitioners and slave trade route at Bagamoyo, 23rd - 24th August 2016

3. Dr. Edimund Kayombo and Dr. Joseph Otieno were involved in planning meeting of a collaborative project on exploring medicinal and Food plants of Northern Tanzania, involving delegates from Tanzania Wildlife Research Institute, Institute of Traditional Medicine and National Institute for Biodiversity Research of Korea at TAWIRI, in Arusha on July 19, 2016.

4. ITM staff attended the Public Diplomacy Forum- on Traditional Medicine organized by the Chinese embassy at Julius Nyerere International Convention Centre on 9th August, 2016

Dr. Ester Innocent receiving a certificate of attendance after the training on IPR in Stockholm, Sweden


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5. Dr. Innocent attended the champion meeting of the Climate Impact Research Capacity Leadership Enhancement (CIRCLE) that advocate for early career guidance in Research on Climate change organized by Africa Academy of Science, on 1st to 3th December, 2016, NAIROBI, KENYA

6. Mrs. Febronia C. Uiso attended African Universities Training Approaches (AURA) Programme Research Capacity Intervention 2 (R2) workshop organized at MUHAS through the Directorate of Library Services from February 8 to March 18, 2016 involving two online learning phases and one Face-to-Face (F2F) workshop.

Promotions/RetirementRetirement

Two senior members of the Institute retired in year 2016; luckily, one of them is on a two years working contract.

Prof. Mainen Moshi attained compulsory retirement age in June 2016 after serving the University for 31 years. Prof Moshi is a pharmacist with a cardiovascular pharmacology PhD degree. He has served in different capacities in teaching, research, managerial and administrative capacities within the University and other institutions in the course of his employment. He has served as a Department head, also the Institute Director, and a Director in other university level units. He has served in advisory positions in technical committees within TFDA, COSTECH and as a chairperson of Ministry of Health committee for promotion of herbal medicines. He is an editorial board member of the Tanzania Health Research Journal and a reviewer for several regional and international journals.

Internationally, Prof. Mainen Moshi served as a WHO/TDR trainer for Good Laboratory Practice (GLP) in Kenya, Tanzania, Ghana, University of Cape Town, University of Free Orange State and Brazil (for some South American universities and research institutes). He also served as a GLP technical advisor to a WHO/TDR funded STI project at the Peking Medical School. In July 2012, he served in a WHO/AFRO technical advisory team on Traditional Medicine in Brazzaville, Congo, which developed different guidelines on traditional medicine. Prof. Moshi served in preparatory committees for the development of WHO/TDR handbooks in Good laboratory Practice, and Non-clinical toxicology handbook. Currently, Prof. Moshi is working on contract terms within the Institute of Traditional Medicine and has some administrative duties at University as well.


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RESEARCH ACTIVITIES

Ongoing Research Projects 2016

S.N. Title Funder Investigator(s)

1. Biodiversity Investigation of Traditional use of medicinal and food plants in northern Tanzania for their sustainable use.

NIRB of S. Korea

Drs. J. Kyeyyu, JN Otieno, A. Mwakatobe, E. Innocent and J. Jacho

2. Search for Antifungal Compounds from Tanzanian Medicinal Plants for managing Fungal infections.

Sweden Research Council (SRC)

Dr. Ester Innocent and Mr. M. Mbunde

3. Antimicrobial activity of extracts of Combretaceae family plants against drug resistant and biofilm forming bacteria and Candida species isolated from HIV/AIDS patients

NIMR Prof. M. J. Moshi and Dr. D. Mloka

4. Effect of climate differences on antifungal activity and chemical composition of plants used to manage fungal infections in Tanzania

AAS Dr. F. Machumi.

5. Assessment of bioactivity of roots and leaves of Carissa spinarum extract from two geographical locations in two seasons in Tanzania against some pathogenic bacteria and fungi

AAS Dr. Pax Masimba

The second retiree, Dr. Chisuligwe Khadudu retired in September 2016. Dr. Khadudu joined the University in October 1985 as a Medical Doctor after completing his training in China. He served in the Institute as medical personnel, advising clients seeking information on traditional medicine and other health care issues. By the time of his retirement, he was serving as a Medical specialist at the Department of Biological and Pre-Clinical Studies.


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6. Formulation and standardization of herbal medicine from Garcinia and Combretum plant species growing in Tanzania for managing HIV/AIDS and related diseases

COSTECH Dr. M. C. Kapingu

7. Phytochemical studies of mosquito larvicidal compounds from ethanol extracts of four Kotschya species.

IFS Dr. E. Innocent

8. Conserving repellent plants in Enduimet Wildlife Management Area of Longido Division: A sustainable strategy to vector-borne disease control and climate change mitigation in nomadic heard societies

UNDP Drs. William Kisinza, S. Augustino and E. Innocent

9. Comparison of Isolated mosquito larvicidal compounds from ethanolic extracts of Kotschya species collected between wet and dry season

Sida-MUHAS Prof. E. Kaale and Dr. E. Innocent

10. Evaluation of efficacy and safety of medicinal plants traditionally used in the treatment of malaria

Sida-MUHAS Dr. R.S.O. Nondo, Prof. M. Moshi and Dr. P. Erasto

11. Laboratory and semi-field mosquito larvicidal activity of some Tanzanian medicinal plants formulations

DAAD Mr. B. Samwel and Drs. E. Innocent, W. Kisinza and F. Machumi

12. Investigation of chemical composition and mosquito repellent property of essential oils from some Tanzanian plants

Sida-MUHAS Mr. I. Athuman and Drs. E. Innocent, W. Kisinza and F. Machumi

13. Impact of home based life-saving skills in rural area of Tanzania on awareness of danger signs, birth preparedness, facility delivery access to emergency obstetric care and cost effectiveness: a cluster randomized trial

Sida-MUHAS Prof. S. Massawe, Drs. E. Kayombo, F. Augustin, A. Pembe, C. Mbekenga, Pia Axemo and E. Darj


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14. Mental health Scale up Cell phones and Psychosis: a pilot study connecting traditional healers and Bio-medical staff in in six regions, Tanzania

Canada Grand Challenge

Drs. P.A. Kaduri and E. Kayombo

15. Identifying and monitoring trade in Tanzanian wild-harvested medicinal plants using innovative genomics-based DNA barcoding.

Swedish Research Council

Dr. Otieno, JN and Hugo de Boer

16. Use of DNA Technology in Combating Illegal Trade and Promoting Conservation and Sustainable Use of Plants in Kenya and Tanzania.

USAID Drs. Otieno, JN and Beatrice Khayota

17. Empowering Tanzanian Communities to achieve economic sustainability and resilience. A trainer of trainer approach for value addition of Avocado and Rosella Products

Resilience Africa Network (RAN)

Dr. D. Mloka, Ms. FC. Uiso, Dr. I. Semali, Prof. V. Mgoyela and Mr. JI. Banzi

18. Search for Novel Trypanocidal Agents from Selected Tanzanian Wild Mushrooms

Sida-MUHAS Dr. Joseph Sempombe, Prof. V. Mgoyela, Dr. E. Innocent and Prof. RLA. Mahunnah

Completed Research Projects 2016

1. Project Title: Search for novel trypanocidal agents from selected Tanzanian wild mushrooms

The project focused on search for novel trypanocidal agents from selected Tanzanian wild mushrooms. The mushroom species included Cantharellus congolensis, Boletus spectabillisimus Cantharellus platyphyllus, Cavulinia wisori and other five unidentified species. Methanolic extracts from these species showed no in vivo antitrypanosomal activity against Trypanosoma brucei brucei in mice. The extracts were also tested in vitro for potential cytotoxicity using the Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BST) and evaluated in terms of lethality concentration (LC50). Two of the identified mushroom species namely Cantharellus congolensis, Cantharellus platyphyllus, and three unidentified ones (B, C and


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F) were active against Brine Shrimps with LC50 values ranging from 38.03 to 89.0 mg/ml. The next phase of the project will proceed after securing additional funding.

2. Project Title: Birth preparedness and complication readiness a qualitative study among community members in rural Tanzania

This was a collaborative research study conducted by investigators from the Schools of Medicine, Nursing and the Institute of Traditional Medicine (MUHAS); the department of Women and Children’s Health, Uppsala University, Sweden; and the department of Public Health and General Practice; Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.

Birth preparedness and complication readiness strategies aimed at reducing delays in seeking, reaching, and receiving care. Counselling on birth preparedness is given during antenatal care visits. However, it is not clear why birth preparedness messages do not translate to utilization of delivery facility. The study explored the perceptions, experiences, and challenges the community faces on Birth preparedness and complication readiness. A qualitative study design using Focused Group Discussion was conducted. Twelve focus group discussion sessions were held with four separate groups: young men and women and older men and women in a rural community in Tanzania.

This study revealed community perceptions that were in favor of using skilled care in Pirth Preparedness and Complication Readiness. However, issues related to inability to prepare in advance hinder the realization of the intention to use skilled care. It is important to innovate how the community reinforces Birth Preparedness and Complication Readiness, such as using insurance schemes, using community health funds, and providing information on other birth preparedness messages via community health workers. A publication emanating from this study appeared in the Global Health Action of June 2015.

3. Project Title: Conserving repellent plants in Enduimet Wildlife Management Area of Longido Division: A sustainable strategy to vector-borne disease control and climate change mitigation in nomadic heard societies

The three-year project started in January 2014 under UNDP funding. The project surveyed and documented plants used in mosquito and tick control in eight village communities of Longido district, Arusha region. Elders and herdsmen with knowledge on plants used for mosquito and tick control in their vicinities were interviewed. Frequently mentioned plants specimens and samples were collected for identification and analysis. Distilled essential oil from mosquito repellent plants were analyzed, formulated and tested using topical application, expulsion method, and spatial application using human bait. Sensitization and training of migratory communities on the importance and best coping strategy during migration as well as cultivation and conservetion of mosquito repellent plants present in their vicinity as a disease control and climate change mitigation tool


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was done. The communities were trained on alternative repellent control agents and methods that raise awareness on malaria transmission and prevention using available resources. Also on the issue of conservation, environmental clubs have been formed at three different levels; namely village, primary and secondary school level. The selection of these sites was based on their special distribution, sustainability and continuation of the project activities after funding termination; advice from forestry office of Longido district was also taken into consideration. The analyses of chemical composition and repellency against tick are ongoing and this will lead to the implementation of community demonstration of the anti-tick formulations in the field.

Dissemination of project results; include two publications; one in the European J. Med. Plant Research and the second one in the International Journal of Mosquito Research. Results were also presented at the 4th MUHAS Scientific Conference. There are three draft manuscripts and a handbook in development for publication.

A Maasai woman and students at Tingatinga secondary school Transfering seedling of medicinal plant (Oluisuki) to the natural environments

Funded Research Projects in 2016

1. Dr. F. Machumi received a grant from COSTECH on “Phytochemical and Antifungal Investigation of Tanzanian Combretum Species for Potential Formulations against Fungal Infections” under the Korea-Tanzania collaborative programme.

5. Dr. D. Mloka, F.C. Uiso, Dr. I. Semali, Prof V. Mgoyela and J.I. Banzi received funding from Resilience Africa Network (RAN) on Empowering Tanzanian Communities to achieve economic sustainability and resilience. A trainer of trainer approach for value addition of Avocado and Rosella Products.


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ITM POSTGRADUATE’S & ALUMNI CORNER

2016 Alumni

Ismail A. Almas

Ismail A. Almas is the Institute of Traditional Medicine 2015 graduate in MSc. Traditional Medicine Development. Ismail research dissertation was titled “Repellency and Chemical Composition of Essential Oils of Plants Species Traditionally Used as Mosquito Repellents in Longido District”, Arusha Region. The focus of the study was on mosquito repellency properties of essential oils from plants used in Longido district to repel mosquitoes. Essential oils from two plants, Lippia javanica and Tagetus minuta showed significant mosquito repellency. The essential oils composition was determined on a GC-FID.Mr. Ismail has one paper based on this research published in the International Journal of Mosquito Research, 2016. 3(2): 04-08 Currently, Ismail is an employee of ITM as a Tutorial Assistant in the Department of Natural Products Development and Formulation. He has enrolled for PhD studies at the Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences pursuing further his master’s research work. The title of his PhD studies is “Investigation of Chemical Composition and Mosquito Repellent Properties of Essential Oils From Some Plants Growing in Tanzania” He has high aspirations to develop a natural product based formulation that can be scaled up industrially and integrated in mosquito vector management strategies.

ITM 2016 Prize Awardees and GraduatesPrize Awardee

Mr. Walter E. Macha, the only ITM Master’s degree graduate in the year 2016 won the University Prize award. The prize is for outstanding overall performance irrespective of competitors and hence Macha qualified for this award given his outstand overall performance. The Institute faculty and staff extends their felicitation to Mr. Macha for the hard won achievement. The prize awarding ceremony was during the Convocation Assembly on December 02, 2016.


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Walter Macha receiving his MUHAS best final year award from the Vice Chancellor Prof. E. Kaaya during the Convocation Assembly.

2016 ITM Grandaunts

In 2016, one Institute staff member on Traditional Medicine Development PhD program successfully completed studies and awarded his degree on December 03, 2016 during the 10th MUHAS graduation ceremony. Dr. Ramadhani O. Nondo PhD thesis title is; Evaluation for Efficacy and Toxicity of Tanzanian Medicinal Plants used by Traditional Healers for the Treatment of Malaria.

Dr. Nondo evaluated in vitro and in vivo antimalarial activity of extracts and isolated compounds from Tanzanian plants used in traditional medicine using different strains of Plasmodium falciparum and P. berghei ANKA. Monkey kidney (LLC-MK2) cells and brine shrimp larvae for toxicity evaluation. He documented 108 medicinal plants traditionally used for treatment of malaria in Kagera and Lindi regions, Tanzania. Most of the plant extracts he evaluated lacked in vitro antiplasmodial activity and most of the in vitro active extracts lacked in vivo antimalarial activity. Furthermore, his study showed that about 94% of the extracts evaluated in mammalian cells were non-toxic. Although most of the extracts evaluated lacked in vitro and/or in vivo antimalarial activity, good antiplasmodial activity shown by some


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extracts and the low toxicity profiles of most of the plant extracts support their use in traditional medicine for malaria. Dr. Nondo published three papers and the forth is in press as enumerated below:

1. Ramadhani S.O. Nondo, Denis Zofou, Mainen J. Moshi, Paul Erasto, Samuel Wanji, Moses N. Ngemenya, Vincent P.K. Titanji, Abdul W. Kidukuli and Pax J. Masimba. Ethnobotanical survey and in vitro antiplasmodial activity of medicinal plants used to treat malaria in Kagera and Lindi regions, Tanzania. J Med Plants Res 2015; 9(6):179-192.

2. Ramadhani S. O. Nondo, Mainen J. Moshi, Paul Erasto, Denis Zofou, Abdel J. Njouendou, Samuel Wanji, Moses N. Ngemenya, Abdul W. Kidukuli, Pax J. Masimba, Vincent P.K. Titanji. Evaluation of the cytotoxic activity of extracts from medicinal plants used for the treatment of malaria in Kagera and Lindi regions, Tanzania. J App Pharm Sci 2015; 5(04): 007-012.

3. Ramadhani S.O. Nondo, Paul Erasto, Mainen J. Moshi, Abdallah Zacharia, Pax J. Masimba, Abdul W Kidukuli. In vivo Antimalarial Activity of Extracts of Tanzanian Medicinal Plants used for the Treatment of Malaria. J Adv Pharm Technol Res 2016; 7(2):59-63.

4. Ramadhani Selemani Nondo, Mainen Julius Moshi, Paul Erasto, Pax Jessey Masimba, Francis Machumi, Abdul Waziri Kidukuli, Matthias Heydenreich, Denis Zofou. Anti-plasmodial activity of Norcaesalpin D and extracts of four medicinal plants used traditionally for treatment of malaria. In press.

During the 10th MUHAS graduation ceremony, Mr. Walter Macha received his master’s degree in Traditional Medicine Development after successfully completing his training. He appears in full glamour of the occasion and in group with Dr. Nondo and some of ITM faculty.

ITM grandaunts, Mr. Walter E. Macha (2nd left) and Dr. Ramadhani O. Nondo (2nd right) with some of their supervisors after being conferred their degrees during the graduation ceremony


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TRAINING /VISITS/ATTACHMENTS AT THE INSTITUTE

ITM CONDUCTS THE ANNUAL TRAINING FOR TRADITIONAL HEALTH PRACTITIONERSThe fourth training workshop for traditional health practitioners (THPs) was from September 19 to 23, 2016 at MUHAS. The ITM in collaboration with the Directorate of Traditional Medicine in the ministry of Health, Community Development, Gender, Elderly and Children annually conducts the training. The training attracted a total of 27 participants; two from Uganda and the rest from 6 different regions of Tanzania. Around fifty percent of the participants (14) were from Dar es Salaam region, while the rest of the participants were from Arusha (3), Mwanza (3), Kagera (1), Mara (1), Morogoro (2) and Manyara (1).

This training aims to improve knowledge, skills and practice in traditional medicine. The components of the training include basic knowledge on human nutrition, anatomy and physiology, common infectious and non-infectious diseases and on safety and efficacy of traditional medicine; policy, ethics and legal framework on indigenous knowledge; intellectual property rights; record keeping in traditional medicine practice; good practice in processing, packaging, dispensing and commercialization of herbal products.

The director of the Institute of Traditional Medicine, Dr. Ester Innocent (represented by Dr. N. Otieno) informed the audience that the main aim of this training curriculum for the program is to improve traditional health practitioner’s services.

The guest of honor, first paid tribute to the Kagera region people who had been devastated by the earth quack that hit the area along the western rift valley and killed seventeen people and left over 250 injured ones. In the opening ceremony, the guest of honor, the Director of Continuing Education and Professional Development (CEPD) at MUHAS, urged participants to use the knowledge from the training to improve health services provision and solve challenges related to preparation and the current trend of increased demand that goes hand in hand with wider supply and distribution. The CEPD director, who was represented by Dr. G. Leina; the Director of Quality Assurance informed the participants that in the course of training, they will notice that the emphasis for this course is safety and proper use of medicinal plants for improved and better health of the general public as a whole.

Dr. Margaret E. Mhando, the Director of Curative Services, Ministry of Health, Gender, Elderly and Children delivered the closing speech and awarded certificates of participation to all the participants. The Director also commended the success the training has made among other issues and reiterated on the importance of adherence to government regulations and ethics in the delivery of traditional medicine services. She urged all the participants to continue upgrading their practice through trainings and other opportunities that frequently arise.


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VISITS/ATTACHMENTS/PLACEMENTS

The Institute through its research and training has attracted students and staff from various institutions who come to learn and perform research related activities. This has been evident particularly for university students from various universities who apply for practical training placement of about 4-8 weeks period every year. This training is very useful for students complementing their theoretical and practical knowledge gained during

the lecture sessions at their university and more importantly enrich their career development in areas like medical botany, isolation of natural products, pre-clinical studies and herbal formulations to mention few.

In the year, 2016 ITM received nine (9) students from three universities of which four (4) were from University of Dodoma, three (3) from University of Dar es Salaam and two (2) from University of Bagamoyo.

These students were in three departments based on their academic discipline and ongoing research and development activities at the Institute. These

activities included plant identification and voucher

Training seminar participants in a group photo with facilitators and officials of two the organizing Institutions during the closing session

Placement Students in the Natural Products Laboratory


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specimens preparation, extraction and isolation of plant compounds, phytochemical screening and various biological assays that were mostly ongoing research carried by PhD students. In herbal development, one student was involved in marketing research of one product produced in the Institute. After their duration of stay, students prepare report and deliver a short presentation that summarizes what they have learned.

SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS VISIT AT ITMThe Institute regularly carries out outreach activities in secondary schools; sensitizing students on traditional medicine development and conservation of the environment in general. As an outcome of these sensitization activities, secondary students visit the Institute individually or as groups carrying out their projects or some type of fact-finding and knowledge enhancement to develop their carrier paths. On August 19, 2016, ITM received a group of students from Mabibo Secondary School. This group named “Great Thinkers” from form two class led by their teachers paid a study visit to the Institute to learn and understand what the Institute and the University as whole is doing. It was interesting to note that, the group had students who aspire to become future health professionals and other science related experts so their teachers decided to expose them to what they wish to be in the future.

While at ITM, these students met and interacted with ITM staff as they were visiting various laboratories including the GMP lab. The team was introduced to various activities taking place in the lab and more importantly related to what students are studying in their respective subjects. As a trade promotional activity Morizella juice was offered to the visitors to drink at the end of their visit.

A group of students from Mabibo secondary school listening to ITM staff Mr. Mourice Mbunde while in the Natural Products Development Laboratory


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EVENTSThe 2016 ITM’s Annual Gathering and Farewell Party The Institute has maintained its tradition of holding an annual social gathering that brings together staff family members, students and friends to interact and have fun as a one family while celebrating the achievements made for the whole year. This event is also a platform for welcoming new staff and a farewell for retirees.

The year 2016 had exceptional activities including various sports and games meant for health fitness. These included tug of war, drinking speed competition, athletes, beach soccer, racing on sack/bags and other local games. In each game, the declared winners received awards or small tokens given by the guest of honor Prof. Rogasian Mahunnah.

After the health fitness activities, ITM members gathered for meals, refreshments and prize award or farewell for the two retirees, Dr. Chisuligwe Khadudu and Prof. M. Moshi.

Below is a snap of one event, a tag of war game during the occasion.

ITM family aligning in a tug of war game during the annual gathering at Malaika beach Kigamboni

UPCOMING EVENTS• The course on Traditional Medicine Development for THPs will be

in September 2017

• The 2017 annual gathering event will be in January next year


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VISITS TO ITM 20161. Dr. Macdonald R. Mahiti from Center for Aids Research, International Research

Centre for Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Japan visited the Institute in March, 2016 for the purpose of initiating research collaboration between the two Institutes

2. Guo Chingli visited the Institute on 10/08/2016. His excellency former Ambassador to Kenya lead the Chinese delegates during the China-Africa public diplomacy forum visited the Institute for exploration of areas of collaboration

3. Mr. Menno VO. Oeven from ANATECH and Mr. John D. Angira from ChromAfrica visited the Institute on 23.08.2016 on marketing chromatographic facilities offered by their companies.

4. Prof. Ephrem Engidawork from the School of Pharmacy, Addis Ababa University visited the Institute on 02.09.2016 as an external Examiner for the Biological and Pre-Clinical Studies department.

5. Dr. Stephen Samwel Nyandoro from the Chemistry Department, Dar es Salaam University, Tanzania visited the Institute as an external examiner for the Natural Products Development and Formulation department in 2016.

6. Dr. Mkabwa Manoko from the Botany department Dar es Salaam University, Tanzania visited the Institute as an external examiner for the Medical Botany, Plant Breeding and Agronomy department in 2016.

7. On 5th September, Prof Sakamoto Kumiko from Utsunomiya University in Japan visited the ITM seeking for research collaboration on Medicinal Plants of Tanzania

8. Mr. Praful Deshani from Estec LTD Kenya visited the Institute on 11/10/2016 to introduce chromatographic equipment supplied by the company.

9. Anke Weisheit, Mr. Erejo Alex, Dr Joseph Boguza and Prof George B. Kiya, from THETA Kampala Uganda, visited the Institute on 07/11/2016 for Benchmarking the Establishment of an Institute similar to ITM

10. Prof Mauli K. Mugisha and Kaisindye Noah from Bishop Stuart University Mbarara visited the Institute on 29/11/2016 for exploration of Institute activities and seek for collaboration

11. Dr. Alexander Kocyan from Potsdam University, Germany visited the Institute on 1/12/2016 as a consultant under the ‘Identifying and monitoring trade in Tanzanian wild-harvested medicinal plants using innovative genomics-based DNA barcoding’ project.


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LIST OF PUBLICATIONS 1. E. Innocent, S. Augustino and K. William. Plants Used to Control Mosquitoes and

Treat mosquito related diseases in Maasai-land of Longido District, Tanzania. European J. Med. Plant Research, 2016; 12(2): 1-12

2. Pax J. Masimba, Ester Innocent and Baraka Samwel. Oral Acute Toxicity Study of Annona Squamosa L. Leaves Extract and Fractions In Albino Mice. Journal of Advanced Scientific Research 2016, 7(1): 38-42

3. Ester Innocent. Trends and challenges towards integration of traditional medicine in formal health care system: An Appraisal of curricula in Sub-Sahara Africa “ Journal of Intercultural ethnopharmacology, 2015

4. Edmund J. Kayombo Traditional and alternative medicine in Tanzania: Lesson from the exhibition; SAS Journal of Medicine; 2015 Vol.-1, Issue-3, ISSN 2454

5. Regina Mutayangulwa and Edmund J. Kayombo Knowledge Attitude and use of female condoms among the female undergraduate students at the University of Dar-es-Salaam Journal of Scientific Research and Reports 9(2):1-10; 2016.

6. Edmund. J. Kayombo. Commonly used Plants for Various Health Conditions in Mlangali Ward, Ludewa District, Tanzania. Journal of Scientific Research & Reports 9(1):1-6; 2016

INSTITUTE OF TRADITIONAL MEDICINE - MUHIMBILI UNIVERSITY OF HEALTH AND ALLIED SCIENCESP. O. Box 65001 DAR ES SALAAM, TANZANIA Telephone: + 255-22-2150096 Email: [email protected]


ITM Products in Development

Morizella Juice® ni juisi asilia iliyotengenezwa kutokana na maua ya Rozella (Hibiscus sabdariffa)

na majani ya Mlonge (Moringa oleifera).

Ni juisi iliyosheheni virutubishi aina ya antioxidants (Proanthocyanidins, Flavonoids), Vitamini (A, C) na madini muhimu mwilini. Virutubisho asilia vilivyomo ni vizuri kwa afya yako.

Kunywa kila siku juisi ya Morizella kuboresha afya yako

TAHADHALI: Haishauriwi kutumiwa na watu wenye presha ya kushuka na watoto wachanga.

Imetengenezwa na:- INSTITUTE OF TRADITIONAL MEDICINE- MUHIMBILI UNIVERSITY OF HEALTH AND ALLIED SCIENCES P. O. BOX 65001 DAR ES SALAAM, TANZANIA Telephone: + 255-22-2150096 Email: [email protected]


PATENT NO.TZ/P/07/00150, REG. NO. TAN 13 FD 000939, TAN 13 FD 000940


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ISSN 1821-8547

VALUES of the Institute

While conducting its daily research and development activities, the Institute shall uphold the following values as its guiding pillars:

Integrity: The Institute is committed to the protection of all information it receives from traditional

healers and shall do its best to ensure rightful sharing of accruing benefits

Social responsibility: The Institute recognizes that it has responsibility to the people, of this country, to ensure

that traditional medicine contributes to improvement of their health and social well being.

Excellence: The Institute is committed to build a strong team of researchers that will ensure a rapid

integration of traditional medicines into the healthcare system.

Transparency: The Institute is committed to promote transparency of its activities within the intellectual

property framework

Teamwork: The Institute recognize the contributions of other institutions towards achieving its

vision and mission it will work with diverse stakeholders

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