1. 1. Photo:DavidBrazier/IWMIwww.iwmi.orgWater for a food-secure worldDr. Simon LanganMay 2013Hilton Hotel, Addis AbabaInsights into waterand naturalresourcemanagement forpolicy development
2. 2. www.iwmi.orgWater for a food-secure worldIWMI Projects Ethiopia/ NRM Nile Basin Development Challenge IMPACT2C Agricultural Water Management Solutions LIVES- Livestock & Irrigated Value Chainsfor Ethiopian Smallholders SMART-ICT
3. 3. www.iwmi.orgWater for a food-secure worldNBDC: Developing site-specific RMSinterventions and domains to scale-out1. Understand which RMS is suitable for which location interms of : Bio-physical characteristics Socio-economic situation of the actors(farmer/community) Institutional settings2. Provide tools to the national reserach centres and otherorganisations to provide extension services and NGOs onthe ground the information on site-specific possibleinterventions3. Use these to open dialogue with farmers and communities3
4. 4. www.iwmi.orgWater for a food-secure worldExample: Improved soil and water conservationon farms, along with small water storage systems,enable farmers to introduce high value enterprises(e.g. Apple) but also replace currently used earlymaturing low-yielding crop varieties with high-yielding ones. This will enable the system toproduce more food, more fodder and income.
5. 5. www.iwmi.orgWater for a food-secure worldSuitability
6. 6. NBDC Innovation Platforms: working withcommunities to identify issues and solutionsimportant to them and utilises local indigenousknowledgeThere are prominent local traditional institutionsand these demonstrate that collective action ispossible if initiated by community membersthemselves. Potential for harnessing these.Feed into NationalPlatform and SLM
7. 7. www.iwmi.orgWater for a food-secure worldIMPACT2C: Climate Change: WaterAvailability and Demand Rainfall projected to haveincreased variability in watersource areas of the Nilebasin; Greater watermanagement needed. Irrigation water demand willalso increase in response totemperature increment. Climate extremes andseasonality are crucial foragriculture productivityFeed intoMoWe, MoA,CRGEdevelopment
8. 8. Modeling FrameworkWatershedsSub-basinsAbayBasinSWATModelClimateSoilLUWEAPModelRMSScenariosL-SDevtScenariosImpactEvaluationLarge dams andRiver Junctions
9. 9. www.iwmi.orgWater for a food-secure worldInitial Results: Impact of CC on BN tributariesshown as changes in flow Scenarios-30-20-1001020304050TanaNorthGojamBeshiloWelekaJemmaSouthGojamMugerGuderFinchaDidessaAngerWonberaDabusBellesDinderRahad%ChangeofAnnualFlow2030s-1990s2090s-1990sBasin4.21%3.60%
10. 10. AWM Technologies: products and practices forsmallholder farmers for agriculture use.AWM Solutions: Any measure (knowledge,policies, markets, and financing) that boosts theuptake of AWM and: Contributes to smallholder livelihoods Benefits women and men and does notincrease income disparities Is cost-effective to implement Can be out-scaled Addresses resource sustainabilityAgricultural Water Management Solutions: Tounderstand the AWM context and where there are investment opportunities thatwill help poor farmers improve their livelihoodswells
11. 11. Where to prioritize AWM for smallholdersPotential for AWM vary - Where to prioritize AWM forsmallholders ?1) water is available;2) high dependence on water use for agriculture;3) high number of smallholders
12. 12. www.iwmi.orgWater for a food-secure worldSuitability domains example: WLTOR+and=Up scaling - What are the most suitable solutions indifferent context?One scenario forIndividual motor pumps
13. 13. www.iwmi.orgWater for a food-secure worldCase Studies in EthiopiaCase Study Region Water Lifting Technologies Tigray, Amhara, Ormia & SNNP Watershed Management Tigray, Amhara & Oromia Groundwater PotentialAssessmentAmhara (Kobo), Tigray (RayaValley) & Ormia (Adea-Becho) Cost-Benefit Analysis ofGroundwater IrrigationAmhara (Kobo) & Tigray (RayaValley) Small Reservoirs (Dams) Tigray Rainwater harvesting and on-farm water storageOromia & SNNP Manual Drilling Implemented by IDE
14. 14. www.iwmi.orgWater for a food-secure worldIrrigation in EthiopiaImplementation Design - >90% of small scheme infrastructure performingpoorly, do not consider sub-basin impacts or the multiple useaspects, which are important to farmers Poor engineering giving rise to inefficient and expensiveschemes, and no measuring devices lead to inequitablewater distribution.Governance and Organisation Lack of co-ordination between institutions involved inirrigation Capacity is weak Scheme administration and ownership poor
15. 15. www.iwmi.orgWater for a food-secure world1. Initiated and financed bysmallholders themselves2. Owned individually or bysmall informal groups3. Used to irrigate small plots(